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Kaba M, Kılıç S, Demir H. Evaluation of antioxidant enzyme levels, oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity in testicular cancer. Urologia 2024:3915603241249232. [PMID: 38741570 DOI: 10.1177/03915603241249232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular cancer is a significant malignancy affecting males, and understanding the underlying biochemical changes associated with the disease is essential for improved management and treatment strategies. Prolidase enzyme, has been implicated in various disease processes. The assessment of serum prolidase activity and its relationship with testicular cancer can provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with testicular cancer and evaluate their potential associations, aiming to enhance our understanding of the biochemical alterations and potential implications for testicular cancer management. METHODS A total of 33 male patients diagnosed with testicular cancer were included, along with 35 age-matched male volunteers as the control group. Serum samples were collected and stored at -20°C until analysis. The measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and prolidase levels was performed. RESULTS The findings demonstrated significantly elevated serum prolidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in testicular cancer patients compared to the control group (all, p < 0.05). Conversely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly lower in testicular cancer patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, serum prolidase activity and biochemical markers associated with oxidative stress were investigated in testicular cancer patients. Oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity were found to be elevated in testicular cancer. Long-term prospective studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kaba
- Department of Urology, Private Gebze Yuzyil Hospital, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sinan Kılıç
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Private Gebze Yuzyil Hospital, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Halit Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Karaoğlan BB, Ürün Y. Unveiling the Role of Human Papillomavirus in Urogenital Carcinogenesis a Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2024; 16:667. [PMID: 38793549 PMCID: PMC11125962 DOI: 10.3390/v16050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), an oncogenic DNA virus, is the most common sexually transmitted virus and significant public health concern globally. Despite the substantial prevalence of HPV infection among men, routine testing remains elusive due to the lack of approved HPV tests and the complexity of detection methods. Various studies have explored the link between HPV and genitourinary cancers, revealing different associations influenced by geographic variation, histological subtype and methodological differences. These findings underscore the importance of further research to elucidate the role of HPV in male urogenital cancers. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between HPV and male genitourinary cancers, shedding light on the virus's oncogenic mechanisms and its reported prevalence. A deeper understanding of HPV's implications for male health is essential for advancing public health initiatives and reducing the burden of urogenital cancers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beliz Bahar Karaoğlan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, 06620 Ankara, Türkiye;
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, 06620 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Yüksel Ürün
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, 06620 Ankara, Türkiye;
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, 06620 Ankara, Türkiye
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3
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Rossini E, Tamburello M, Abate A, Zini S, Ribaudo G, Gianoncelli A, Calza S, Valcamonico F, Suardi NR, Mirabella G, Berruti A, Sigala S. The CDK Inhibitor Dinaciclib Improves Cisplatin Response in Nonseminomatous Testicular Cancer: A Preclinical Study. Cells 2024; 13:368. [PMID: 38474332 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are treated with cisplatin (CP)-based chemotherapy. However, some of them may develop CP resistance and therefore represent a clinical challenge. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is involved in chemotherapy resistance in different types of cancer. Here, we investigated the possible role of CDK5 and other CDKs targeted by dinaciclib in nonseminoma cell models (both CP-sensitive and CP-resistant), evaluating the potential of the CDK inhibitor dinaciclib as a single/combined agent for the treatment of advanced/metastatic testicular cancer (TC). METHODS The effects of dinaciclib and CP on sensitive and resistant NT2/D1 and NCCIT cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using MTT assays and direct count methods. Flow cytometry cell-cycle analysis was performed. The protein expression was assessed via Western blotting. The in vivo experiments were conducted in zebrafish embryos xenografted with TC cells. RESULTS Among all the CDKs analyzed, CDK5 protein expression was significantly higher in CP-resistant models. Dinaciclib reduced the cell viability and proliferation in each cell model, inducing changes in cell-cycle distribution. In drug combination experiments, dinaciclib enhances the CP effect both in vitro and in the zebrafish model. CONCLUSIONS Dinaciclib, when combined with CP, could be useful for improving nonseminoma TC response to CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rossini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Tamburello
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Zini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Unit of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Valcamonico
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Nazareno R Suardi
- Urology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mirabella
- Urology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Zhou X, Zhu H, Luo C, Yan Z, Zheng G, Zou X, Zou J, Zhang G. The role of RNA modification in urological cancers: mechanisms and clinical potential. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:235. [PMID: 38117350 PMCID: PMC10733275 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modification is a post-transcriptional level of regulation that is widely distributed in all types of RNAs, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA, where N6-methyladenine (m6A) is the most abundant mRNA methylation modification. Significant evidence has depicted that m6A modifications are closely related to human diseases, especially cancer, and play pivotal roles in RNA transcription, splicing, stabilization, and translation processes. The most common urological cancers include prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers, accounting for a certain proportion of human cancers, with an ever-increasing incidence and mortality. The recurrence, systemic metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance of urologic tumors have prompted the identification of new therapeutic targets and mechanisms. Research on m6A modifications may provide new solutions to the current puzzles. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key roles played by RNA modifications, especially m6A modifications, in urologic cancers, as well as recent research advances in diagnostics and molecularly targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Zhou
- First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Hezhen Zhu
- First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Cong Luo
- First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhaojie Yan
- First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guansong Zheng
- First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Akpala A, Bhattacharyya S, Damola A, Viney R. A Rare Case of Ipsilateral Scrotal Recurrence of Testicular Cancer After Radical Orchidectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e51219. [PMID: 38283452 PMCID: PMC10821716 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A lump in the testicle, painful or painless, could represent testicular cancer. Testicular cancer can be subdivided into germ-cell testicular cancer and sex cord-stromal tumors. A majority of testicular neoplasms are germ cell tumors (GCTs). GCTs are broadly divided into seminomatous and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) due to differences in natural history and treatment. Removal of the testis, also known as a radical orchidectomy, is often offered as part of the treatment for testicular cancer, which may be followed by additional medical treatment. It is not very common to have a recurrence of testicular cancer in the scrotum after a radical orchidectomy, and it is even rare to find this scrotal recurrence on the same side. An extensive literature review showed only one recorded case of scrotal recurrence of NSGCTs after orchidectomy but on the contralateral side. Here, we report the first case of scrotal recurrence of NSGCT after radical inguinal orchidectomy on the same side in a man who had orchidopexy in childhood. It is still unclear why testicular cancer could recur in the scrotum after a radical orchidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akpala
- Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, GBR
| | | | | | - Richard Viney
- Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, GBR
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Froń A, Semianiuk A, Lazuk U, Ptaszkowski K, Siennicka A, Lemiński A, Krajewski W, Szydełko T, Małkiewicz B. Artificial Intelligence in Urooncology: What We Have and What We Expect. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4282. [PMID: 37686558 PMCID: PMC10486651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence is transforming healthcare by driving innovation, automation, and optimization across various fields of medicine. The aim of this study was to determine whether artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be used in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of urological cancers. METHODOLOGY We conducted a thorough search for original and review articles published until 31 May 2022 in the PUBMED/Scopus database. Our search included several terms related to AI and urooncology. Articles were selected with the consensus of all authors. RESULTS Several types of AI can be used in the medical field. The most common forms of AI are machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), neural networks (NNs), natural language processing (NLP) systems, and computer vision. AI can improve various domains related to the management of urologic cancers, such as imaging, grading, and nodal staging. AI can also help identify appropriate diagnoses, treatment options, and even biomarkers. In the majority of these instances, AI is as accurate as or sometimes even superior to medical doctors. CONCLUSIONS AI techniques have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of urologic cancers. The use of AI in urooncology care is expected to increase in the future, leading to improved patient outcomes and better overall management of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Froń
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Alina Semianiuk
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Uladzimir Lazuk
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Kuba Ptaszkowski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Siennicka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Lemiński
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Bartosz Małkiewicz
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
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King JM, Cheng M, Kesler K, Ashkar R, Althouse SK, Hanna NH, Einhorn LH, Adra N. Management of Residual Nonretroperitoneal Disease in Postchemotherapy Nonseminomatous Germ-Cell Tumors. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:3939-3944. [PMID: 36758196 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The majority of patients with advanced nonseminomatous germ-cell tumor are cured with combination chemotherapy and surgical resection of residual disease when appropriate. In patients with both retroperitoneal (RP) and non-RP postchemotherapy residual disease, management of the non-RP disease is typically guided by pathologic findings at the time of RP resection. There are limited data to help guide management decisions in patients with non-RP postchemotherapy residual disease alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prospectively maintained Indiana University testicular cancer database was queried for patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumor treated between 1990 and 2021 who had residual non-RP disease in the absence of residual RP disease after completing either first-line or salvage chemotherapy. RESULTS One hundred twenty-nine patients met eligibility and were included in this analysis. Seventy-five patients had teratoma in the primary tumor site, while 54 did not. Of those with teratoma in the primary, 55% had at least one postchemotherapy non-RP surgical specimen with teratomatous elements compared with 17% of those without teratoma in the primary (P < .001). Of those without teratoma in the primary site, 56% had at least one postchemotherapy non-RP surgical specimen with active germ-cell tumor compared with 31% of those with teratoma in the primary (P = .0046). CONCLUSION The presence of teratoma in the primary tumor site is associated with a higher rate of teratoma in postchemotherapy residual non-RP disease. Patients without teratoma in the primary tumor should still be considered for resection of residual postchemotherapy disease that could harbor teratoma or active germ-cell tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M King
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Michael Cheng
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kenneth Kesler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ryan Ashkar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sandra K Althouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nasser H Hanna
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lawrence H Einhorn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nabil Adra
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
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Richardson NH, Althouse SK, Ashkar R, Cary C, Masterson T, Foster RS, Einhorn LH, Adra N. Late Relapse of Germ Cell Tumors After Prior Chemotherapy or Surgery-only. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2023; 21:467-474. [PMID: 37088659 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late relapse (LR) of germ cell tumor (GCT) is defined as relapsed disease >2 years from initial treatment. LR remains a challenge both for optimal screening methods and management. We report the method of detection, treatments received, and outcomes in patients with chemotherapy-exposed vs chemotherapy-naïve LR GCT. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Indiana University testicular cancer database was queried identifying 131 patients with LR GCT evaluated at Indiana University from January 2000 to January 2019. Method of detection of LR was recorded along with site, treatment received, and survival outcomes. The cohort was divided into 4 groups according to seminoma versus non-seminoma GCT (NSGCT) and chemotherapy-exposed vs chemotherapy-naïve LR. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Medians with 95% confidence intervals were also calculated along with the 2-year probabilities. RESULTS Median age at LR was 38.3 (range, 19.3-56.8). Chemotherapy-exposed accounted for 75 (57%) and chemotherapy-naïve for 56 (43%) of cases. The 2-year OS comparing chemotherapy-exposed versus chemotherapy-naïve was 78.2% versus 100% (P = .0003). For the 72 chemo-exposed NSGCT LR pts, 2-year PFS based on treatment: surgery vs chemotherapy versus surgery + chemotherapy was 67.1% versus 0% versus 47.1% (P < 0.0001). Fifty-nine percent of chemotherapy-exposed LR had elevation of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) at LR diagnosis. CONCLUSION GCT pts require lifetime follow-up with annual physical exam and tumor markers. Surgical resection, when feasible, remains the preferred treatment for chemotherapy-exposed LR. Chemotherapy-exposed LR has worse outcomes compared to chemotherapy-naïve LR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah H Richardson
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology - Melvin & Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sandra K Althouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ryan Ashkar
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology - Melvin & Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Clint Cary
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Timothy Masterson
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Richard S Foster
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lawrence H Einhorn
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology - Melvin & Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nabil Adra
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology - Melvin & Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
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Weli SHW, Yahyazadeh A. Neuroprotective potential of Ginkgo biloba on alteration of rat cerebellum following prenatal exposure to cyclophosphamide. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 130:102268. [PMID: 36989922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs is known due to its non-selective effect not only on cancer cells but also on healthy cells. This study investigated the cerebellar alteration in rats prenatally exposed to cyclophosphamide (SK, 20 mg/kg). We also evaluated the neuroprotective potential of Ginkgo biloba (GB, 80 mg/kg/day) against possible biological changes caused by SK in the cerebellar tissues. Twenty adult female rats (weighing 230-280 g, 12 weeks old) were divided into five groups: control, sham, SK, GB, and SK + GB. After mating, pregnant rats was treated with SK in the SK and SK + GB groups and GB in the GB and SK + GB groups from day 13 to day 21 of gestation. After parturition, eight female rats were randomly selected from each group. On day 32 after birth, the cerebellar tissues were dissected and then examined under light microscope using stereological and histopathological methods. Stereological findings showed that the total number of Purkinje cells and granular cells were significantly decreased in the SK group than the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the mean volumes of molecular layer, granular layer, white matter, and cerebellum were significantly decreased in the SK group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In the SK + GB group, the total number Purkinje cell, and granular cells, as well as the mean volumes of molecular layer, granular layer, white matter, and cerebellum were significantly increased than the SK group (p < 0.05). Histopathological evaluation also confirmed our stereological findings in the cerebellar tissues. Our results showed that prenatal exposure to SK caused significant changes in the cerebellar architectures of rats, and that GB administration significantly attenuated the deleterious effect of SK on the cerebellar tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Yahyazadeh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
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Feng Y, Cao Z, Xu A, Du H. Evaluation of toxicity and mutagenicity of oxaliplatin on germ cells in an alternative in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113902. [PMID: 37331561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The platinum compound oxaliplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that shows a broad spectrum of activity in various human tumors. While the treatment-related side effects of oxaliplatin on directly treated individuals have been well-documented, little is known about the influence of oxaliplatin on germ cells and non-exposed progenies. Here we investigated the reproductive toxicity of oxaliplatin in a 3R-compliant in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans, and evaluated the germ cell mutagenicity of oxaliplatin by using whole genome sequencing. Our results indicated that oxaliplatin treatment significantly disrupts development of spermatids and oocytes. By treating parental worms with oxaliplatin for three successive generations, sequencing data unveiled the clear mutagenic effects of oxaliplatin on germ cells. Analysis of genome-wide mutation spectra showed the preferentially induction of indels by oxaliplatin. In addition, we uncovered the involvement of translesion synthesis polymerase ζ in modulating mutagenic effects of oxaliplatin. These findings suggest that germ cell mutagenicity is worthy of consideration for the health risk assessment of chemotherapeutic drugs, while the combined use of alternative in vivo models and next generation sequencing technology appears to be a promising way for the preliminary safety assessment of various drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China; Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhenxiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Hua Du
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, PR China.
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11
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Marshall MB, Dindinger-Hill K, Swami U, Lyden S, Sanchez A. Intraperitoneal seeding of a testicular mixed germ cell tumor following spontaneous intraperitoneal mass rupture with associated anti-NMDA paraneoplastic encephalitis. Urol Case Rep 2023; 48:102427. [PMID: 37215062 PMCID: PMC10197002 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A 25-year-old male was admitted to the neurological intensive care unit for neurologic deterioration, likely caused by a paraneoplastic syndrome secondary to testicular malignancy. He experienced spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage of his testicular mass arising from an undescended testis while admitted. The tumor was excised, revealing a mixed germ cell tumor. Serum tumor markers began to rise after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. Surveillance scans 32 weeks after mass rupture revealed numerous tumor deposits throughout his peritoneum concerning for teratoma. We review a case of intraperitoneal metastasis of a testicular mixed germ cell tumor following intra-abdominal mass rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kassandra Dindinger-Hill
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Umang Swami
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephanie Lyden
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Ranasinghe R, Mathai ML, Zulli A. Cisplatin for cancer therapy and overcoming chemoresistance. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10608. [PMID: 36158077 PMCID: PMC9489975 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin spearheads the anticancer chemotherapeutics in present-day use although acute toxicity is its primary impediment factor. Among a plethora of experimental medications, a drug as effective or surpassing the benefits of cisplatin has not been discovered yet. Although Oxaliplatin is considered more superior to cisplatin, the former has been better for colorectal cancer while cisplatin is widely used for treating gynaecological cancers. Carcinoma imposes a heavy toll on mortality rates worldwide despite the novel treatment strategies and detection methods that have been introduced; nanomedicine combined with precision medicine, immunotherapy, volume-regulated anion channels, and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Millions of deaths occur annually from metastatic cancers which escape early detection and the concomitant diseases caused by highly toxic chemotherapy that causes organ damage. It continues due to insufficient knowledge of the debilitative mechanisms induced by cancer biology. To overcome chemoresistance and to attenuate the adverse effects of cisplatin therapy, both in vitro and in vivo models of cisplatin-treated cancers and a few multi-centred, multi-phasic, randomized clinical trials in pursuant with recent novel strategies have been tested. They include plant-based phytochemical compounds, de novo drug delivery systems, biochemical/immune pathways, 2D and 3D cell culture models using small molecule inhibitors and genetic/epigenetic mechanisms, that have contributed to further the understanding of cisplatin's role in modulating the tumour microenvironment. Cisplatin was beneficial in cancer therapy for modulating the putative cellular mechanisms; apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest and gene therapy of micro RNAs. Specific importance of drug influx, efflux, systemic circulatory toxicity, half-maximal inhibition, and the augmentation of host immunometabolism have been identified. This review offers a discourse on the recent anti-neoplastic treatment strategies to enhance cisplatin efficacy and to overcome chemoresistance, given its superiority among other tolerable chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranmali Ranasinghe
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Health and Medicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael L Mathai
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Health and Medicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Health and Medicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Vehawn J, Choudry M, Mahlow J, Agarwal J, Dechet C, Sanchez A. Case of testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumor cancer soft tissue seeding after inguinal orchiectomy. Urol Case Rep 2022; 43:102120. [PMID: 35646601 PMCID: PMC9133747 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2022.102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 29-year-old patient presented to his primary care provider complaining of a painful right inguinal swelling. He was referred for inguinal hernia repair, but during surgery, an enlarged necrotic-appearing testicle was observed and removed. Pathology demonstrated a mixed non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) with evidence of tumor violation. After receiving BEPx3 for elevated post-operative AFP his tumor markers normalized. On surveillance, he was found to have several palpable masses around his inguinal incision. On soft tissue excision he was found to have residual teratoma within his soft tissues. We review the literature on germ cell tumor seeding and atypical recurrences.
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14
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Zhang X, Trendowski MR, Wilkinson E, Shahbazi M, Dinh PC, Shuey MM, Feldman DR, Hamilton RJ, Vaughn DJ, Fung C, Kollmannsberger C, Huddart R, Martin NE, Sanchez VA, Frisina RD, Einhorn LH, Cox NJ, Travis LB, Dolan ME. Pharmacogenomics of cisplatin-induced neurotoxicities: Hearing loss, tinnitus, and peripheral sensory neuropathy. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2801-2816. [PMID: 35322580 PMCID: PMC9302309 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin is a critical component of first-line chemotherapy for several cancers, but causes peripheral sensory neuropathy, hearing loss, and tinnitus. We aimed to identify comorbidities for cisplatin-induced neurotoxicities among large numbers of similarly treated patients without the confounding effect of cranial radiotherapy. METHODS Utilizing linear and logistic regression analyses on 1680 well-characterized cisplatin-treated testicular cancer survivors, we analyzed associations of hearing loss, tinnitus, and peripheral neuropathy with nongenetic comorbidities. Genome-wide association studies and gene-based analyses were performed on each phenotype. RESULTS Hearing loss, tinnitus, and peripheral neuropathy, accounting for age and cisplatin dose, were interdependent. Survivors with these neurotoxicities experienced more hypertension and poorer self-reported health. In addition, hearing loss was positively associated with BMIs at clinical evaluation and nonwork-related noise exposure (>5 h/week). Tinnitus was positively associated with tobacco use, hypercholesterolemia, and noise exposure. We observed positive associations between peripheral neuropathy and persistent vertigo, tobacco use, and excess alcohol consumption. Hearing loss and TXNRD1, which plays a key role in redox regulation, showed borderline significance (p = 4.2 × 10-6 ) in gene-based analysis. rs62283056 in WFS1 previously found to be significantly associated with hearing loss (n = 511), was marginally significant in an independent replication cohort (p = 0.06; n = 606). Gene-based analyses identified significant associations between tinnitus and WNT8A (p = 2.5 × 10-6 ), encoding a signaling protein important in germ cell tumors. CONCLUSIONS Genetics variants in TXNRD1 and WNT8A are notable risk factors for hearing loss and tinnitus, respectively. Future studies should investigate these genes and if replicated, identify their potential impact on preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahbazi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul C Dinh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Megan M Shuey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Darren R Feldman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Vaughn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chunkit Fung
- J.P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Neil E Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria A Sanchez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert D Frisina
- Departments of Medical Engineering and Communication Sciences and Disorders, Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lawrence H Einhorn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lois B Travis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - M Eileen Dolan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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