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Su F, Koeberle A. Regulation and targeting of SREBP-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:673-708. [PMID: 38036934 PMCID: PMC11156753 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing burden on global public health and is associated with enhanced lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, and lipid metabolic reprogramming. De novo lipogenesis is under the control of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and essentially contributes to HCC progression. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of SREBP-1 isoforms in HCC based on cellular, animal, and clinical data. Specifically, we (i) address the overarching mechanisms for regulating SREBP-1 transcription, proteolytic processing, nuclear stability, and transactivation and (ii) critically discuss their impact on HCC, taking into account (iii) insights from pharmacological approaches. Emphasis is placed on cross-talk with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase A (PKA), and other kinases that directly phosphorylate SREBP-1; transcription factors, such as liver X receptor (LXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1 (PGC-1), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), and Myc; epigenetic mechanisms; post-translational modifications of SREBP-1; and SREBP-1-regulatory metabolites such as oxysterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids. By carefully scrutinizing the role of SREBP-1 in HCC development, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance, we shed light on the potential of SREBP-1-targeting strategies in HCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Su
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Rong L, Liu K, An M, Zhang L, Zhang D, Wu L, Li R. Fungal-Bacterial Mutualism: Species and Strain-Dependent Simultaneous Modulation of Branched-Chain Esters and Indole Derivatives in Fermented Sausages through Metabolite Cross-Feeding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8749-8759. [PMID: 38579123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The precise impact of species and strain diversity on fungal-bacterial interactions and the overall community functioning has remained unclear. First, our study revealed how Debaryomyces hansenii influences diverse bacteria to accumulate key metabolites in a simulated fermented food system. For flavor, D. hansenii promoted the accumulation of branched-chain esters in Staphylococcus xylosus by promoting growth and facilitating the precursor branched-chain acids transformations but hindered the accumulation of Staphylococcus equorum. Furthermore, fungal-bacterial interactions displayed diversity among S. equorum strains. For bioactive compounds, species and strain diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) also influences the production of indole derivatives. Then, we investigated specific metabolic exchanges under reciprocal interaction. Amino acids, rather than vitamins, were identified as the primary drivers of the bacterial growth promotion. Moreover, precursor transformations by D. hansenii played a significant role in branched-chain esters production. Finally, a synthetic community capable of producing high concentrations of branched-chain esters and indole derivatives was successfully constructed. These results provide valuable insights into understanding and designing synthetic communities for fermented sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyan Rong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Kaihao Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Mairui An
- Zibo Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zibo, Shandong 255086, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Liu Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Ruren Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
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3
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Xia R, Peng HF, Zhang X, Zhang HS. Comprehensive review of amino acid transporters as therapeutic targets. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129646. [PMID: 38272411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) family, with more than 400 membrane-bound proteins, facilitates the transport of a wide array of substrates such as nutrients, ions, metabolites, and drugs across biological membranes. Amino acid transporters (AATs) are membrane transport proteins that mediate transfer of amino acids into and out of cells or cellular organelles. AATs participate in many important physiological functions including nutrient supply, metabolic transformation, energy homeostasis, redox regulation, and neurological regulation. Several AATs have been found to significantly impact the progression of human malignancies, and dysregulation of AATs results in metabolic reprogramming affecting tumor growth and progression. However, current clinical therapies that directly target AATs have not been developed. The purpose of this review is to highlight the structural and functional diversity of AATs, the molecular mechanisms in human diseases such as tumors, kidney diseases, and emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting AATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hai-Feng Peng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China.
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4
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Kano Y, Yamaguchi S, Mise K, Kawakita C, Onishi Y, Kurooka N, Sugawara R, Albuayjan HHH, Nakatsuka A, Eguchi J, Wada J. Inhibition of Amino Acids Influx into Proximal Tubular Cells Improves Lysosome Function in Diabetes. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:182-194. [PMID: 38062578 PMCID: PMC10914197 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Key Points Collectrin serves as a chaperone for the trafficking of neutral amino acid (AA) transporters in the apical membranes of proximal tubular cells (PTCs). Cltrn knockout reduced AAs influx into PTCs, inactivated mTOR, activated transcription factor EB, improved lysosome function, and ameliorated vacuolar formation of PTCs in diabetic mice treated with streptozotocin and high-fat diet. The inhibition of neutral AA transporter, such as B0AT1 (SLC6A19), and transcription factor EB activator is a new therapeutic strategy against diabetic kidney disease. Background Inhibition of glucose influx into proximal tubular cells (PTCs) by sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors revealed prominent therapeutic effects on diabetic kidney disease. Collectrin (CLTRN) serves as a chaperone for the trafficking of neutral amino acid (AA) transporters in the apical membranes of PTCs. We investigated the beneficial effects of reduced influx of AAs into PTCs in diabetes and obesity model of Cltrn−/y mice. Methods Cltrn+/y and Cltrn−/y mice at age 5 weeks were assigned to standard diet and streptozotocin and high-fat diet (STZ-HFD)–treated groups. Results At age 22–23 weeks, body weight and HbA1c levels significantly increased in STZ-HFD-Cltrn+/y compared with standard diet-Cltrn+/y; however, they were not altered in STZ-HFD-Cltrn−/y compared with STZ-HFD-Cltrn+/y. At age 20 weeks, urinary albumin creatinine ratio was significantly reduced in STZ-HFD-Cltrn−/y compared with STZ-HFD-Cltrn+/y. Under the treatments with STZ and HFD, the Cltrn gene deficiency caused significant increase in urinary concentration of AAs such as Gln, His, Gly, Thr, Tyr, Val, Trp, Phe, Ile, Leu, and Pro. In PTCs in STZ-HFD-Cltrn+/y, the enlarged lysosomes with diameter of 10 μ m or more were associated with reduced autolysosomes, and the formation of giant lysosomes was prominently suppressed in STZ-HFD-Cltrn−/y. Phospho-mTOR and inactive form of phospho-transcription factor EB were reduced in STZ-HFD-Cltrn−/y compared with STZ-HFD-Cltrn+/y. Conclusions The reduction of AAs influx into PTCs inactivated mTOR, activated transcription factor EB, improved lysosome function, and ameliorated vacuolar formation of PTCs in STZ-HFD-Cltrn−/y mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuki Kano
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Masui K, Mischel PS. Metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma: Toward the establishment of "metabolism-based pathology". Pathol Int 2023; 73:533-541. [PMID: 37755062 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecular genetic approaches are now mandatory for cancer diagnostics, especially for brain tumors. Genotype-based diagnosis has predominated over the phenotype-based approach, with its prognostic and predictive powers. However, comprehensive genetic testing would be difficult to perform in the clinical setting, and translational research is required to histologically decipher the peculiar biology of cancer. Of interest, recent studies have demonstrated discrete links between oncogenotypes and the resultant metabolic phenotypes, revealing cancer metabolism as a promising histologic surrogate to reveal specific characteristics of each cancer type and indicate the best way to manage cancer patients. Here, we provide an overview of our research progress to work on cancer metabolism, with a particular focus on the genomically well-characterized malignant tumor glioblastoma. With the use of clinically relevant animal models and human tissue, we found that metabolic reprogramming plays a major role in the aggressive cancer biology by conferring therapeutic resistance to cancer cells and rewiring their epigenomic landscapes. We further discuss our future endeavor to establish "metabolism-based pathology" on how the basic knowledge of cancer metabolism could be leveraged to improve the management of patients by linking cancer cell genotype, epigenotype, and phenotype through metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Panwar V, Singh A, Bhatt M, Tonk RK, Azizov S, Raza AS, Sengupta S, Kumar D, Garg M. Multifaceted role of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:375. [PMID: 37779156 PMCID: PMC10543444 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and migration, to maintain cellular homeostasis. The mTOR signaling cascade consists of two distinct multi-subunit complexes named mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2). mTOR catalyzes the phosphorylation of several critical proteins like AKT, protein kinase C, insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), transcription factor EB (TFEB), sterol-responsive element-binding proteins (SREBPs), Lipin-1, and Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinases. mTOR signaling plays a central role in regulating translation, lipid synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, biogenesis of lysosomes, nutrient sensing, and growth factor signaling. The emerging pieces of evidence have revealed that the constitutive activation of the mTOR pathway due to mutations/amplification/deletion in either mTOR and its complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) or upstream targets is responsible for aging, neurological diseases, and human malignancies. Here, we provide the detailed structure of mTOR, its complexes, and the comprehensive role of upstream regulators, as well as downstream effectors of mTOR signaling cascades in the metabolism, biogenesis of biomolecules, immune responses, and autophagy. Additionally, we summarize the potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as an important modulator of mTOR signaling. Importantly, we have highlighted the potential of mTOR signaling in aging, neurological disorders, human cancers, cancer stem cells, and drug resistance. Here, we discuss the developments for the therapeutic targeting of mTOR signaling with improved anticancer efficacy for the benefit of cancer patients in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Panwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Aishwarya Singh
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Manini Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Rajiv K Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Laboratory of Biological Active Macromolecular Systems, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technical University, 100084, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Agha Saquib Raza
- Rajive Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital, Tahirpur, New Delhi, 110093, India
| | - Shinjinee Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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Tsujimoto K, Takamatsu H, Kumanogoh A. The Ragulator complex: delving its multifunctional impact on metabolism and beyond. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:28. [PMID: 37173755 PMCID: PMC10175929 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of lysosomes has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, from the view that they are static organelles primarily responsible for the disposal and recycling of cellular waste to their recognition as highly dynamic structures. Current research posits that lysosomes function as a signaling hub that integrates both extracellular and intracellular stimuli, thereby regulating cellular homeostasis. The dysregulation of lysosomal function has been linked to a wide range of diseases. Of note, lysosomes contribute to the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of cellular metabolism. The Ragulator complex, a protein complex anchored on the lysosomal membrane, was initially shown to tether the mTORC1 complex to lysosomes. Recent research has substantially expanded our understanding of the roles of the Ragulator complex in lysosomes, including roles in the regulation of metabolism, inflammation, cell death, cell migration, and the maintenance of homeostasis, via interactions with various proteins. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the diverse functions of the Ragulator complex, highlighting important protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Zhang M, Li X, Cui X, Li R, Ma Z, Gao X. Selenomethionine promotes ANXA2 phosphorylation for proliferation and protein synthesis of myoblasts and skeletal muscle growth. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109277. [PMID: 36739096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenomethionine (Se-Met) has many beneficial effects on higher animals and human, and can regulate cellular physiology through distinct signaling pathways. However, the role and molecular mechanism of Se-Met in skeletal muscle growth remains unclear. In this study, we observed the effects of Se-Met on C2C12 myoblasts and skeletal muscle growth of mice, and explored the corresponding molecular mechanism. Se-Met affected proliferation and protein synthesis of C2C12 myoblasts in a hormesis type of relationship, and had an optimal stimulatory effect at 50 µM concentration. Se-Met also affected mTOR, ANXA2, and PKCα phosphorylation in the same manner. ANXA2 knockdown blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on cell proliferation and protein synthesis and inhibition of Se-Met on autophagy of C2C12 myoblasts. Western blotting analysis showed that PI3K inhibition blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on mTOR phosphorylation. ANXA2 knockdown further blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on PI3K and mTOR phosphorylation. Point mutation experiment showed that ANXA2 mediated the stimulation of Se-Met on the PI3K-mTOR signaling through phosphorylation at Ser26. PKCα interacted with ANXA2, and PKCα knockdown blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on ANXA2 phosphorylation at Ser26. Se-Met addition (7.5mg/kg diet, 4 weeks) increased mouse carcass weight, promoted gastrocnemius skeletal muscle growth and ANXA2 and mTOR phosphorylation in this tissue. Collectively, our findings reveal that Se-Met can promote proliferation and protein synthesis of myoblasts and skeletal muscle growth through ANXA2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xueying Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu Cui
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Zonghua Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China
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