1
|
Githaka JM, Pirayeshfard L, Goping IS. Cancer invasion and metastasis: Insights from murine pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130375. [PMID: 37150225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer related mortality. A better understanding of the players that drive the aberrant invasion and migration of tumors cells will provide critical targets to inhibit metastasis. Postnatal pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis is characterized by highly proliferative, invasive, and migratory normal epithelial cells. Identifying the molecular regulators of pubertal gland development is a promising strategy since tumorigenesis and metastasis is postulated to be a consequence of aberrant reactivation of developmental stages. In this review, we summarize the pubertal morphogenesis regulators that are involved in cancer metastasis and revisit pubertal mammary gland transcriptome profiling to uncover both known and unknown metastasis genes. Our updated list of pubertal morphogenesis regulators shows that most are implicated in invasion and metastasis. This review highlights molecular linkages between development and metastasis and provides a guide for exploring novel metastatic drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Maringa Githaka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Leila Pirayeshfard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manral C, Roy S, Singh M, Gautam S, Yadav RK, Rawat JK, Devi U, Ansari MN, Saeedan AS, Kaithwas G. Effect of β-sitosterol against methyl nitrosourea-induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:260. [PMID: 27473871 PMCID: PMC4966711 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was in quested to study the effects of β-sitosterol on methyl nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino wistar rats. METHODS Animals were randomized and divided into four groups of eight animals each. Group I (sham control 1 % CMC in normal saline p.o.); Group II (toxic control, MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v); Group III (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 10 mg/kg, p.o); Group IV (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 20 mg/kg, p.o). Toxicity was induced by single i.v. injection of MNU followed by β-sitosterol supplementation therapy for 115 days at the dose mentioned above. RESULTS Treatment with β-sitosterol evidenced decrease in the alveolar bud and lobule score in the whole mount of the mammary gland. β-sitosterol exhibited diminishing effect on oxidative stress through synchronizing lipid and enzymatic antioxidant defense. A significant decrease in the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid was evident with the MNU treatment and β-sitosterol demonstrated a marked effect on it. Pgp 9.5 expression was dose dependently upregulated by β-sitosterol treatment in comparison to MNU treatment. On the contrary, downregulated NF-kB expression was perceived, when β-sitosterol was concomitantly administered with MNU. CONCLUSION β-sitosterol afforded significant protection against the deleterious effects of MNU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Manral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Swetlana Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Rajnish K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Jitendra K Rawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Uma Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FHMSIASM SHIATS-Deemed University (Formerly Allahabad Agriculture Institute), Naini, Allahabad, 211007, (U.P.), India
| | - Md Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Raica M, Cimpean AM, Ribatti D. Angiogenesis in pre-malignant conditions. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:1924-34. [PMID: 19406633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process involved in the normal growth and differentiation. In its defective and excessive form, angiogenesis is a crucial event in the progression of many human diseases. Excessive angiogenesis was largely investigated in psoriasis, arthritis, diabetic retinopathy and malignant tumours. Soon after the discovery of angiogenic factors and their inhibitors, the angiogenesis jumped from the experimental studies to clinical application. Tumour-associated angiogenesis is nowadays considered as a priority in oncology based on numerous evidences that showed a significant reduction in tumour growth following anti-angiogenic therapy. However, few data are available on pre-malignant conditions. First evidences on angiogenesis in pre-malignant lesions came from the evaluation of microvessel density (MVD). MVD was found to be significantly increased in a relatively large spectrum of pre-malignant squamous cell lesions, such as in the oral mucosa, skin, uterine cervix, vulva and anal canal. For many of them, a correlation was found between MVD and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Based on these data, it was suggested that tumour angiogenesis is not necessarily a characteristic of invasive tumour, but may be an early event during tumourigenesis. Additional evidences came from pre-malignant lesions of glandular epithelia, in which the angiogenic switch was demonstrated by the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF in gastric metaplasia and dysplasia, in atypical adenoma of the colon, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ of the breast and others. Actually, there are convincing evidences for an active angiogenesis in many cases with pre-malignant conditions, and this supports a more accurate evaluation of different chemopreventive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Raica
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu Z, Jiang W, Sells JL, Neil ES, McGinley JN, Thompson HJ. Effect of nonmotorized wheel running on mammary carcinogenesis: circulating biomarkers, cellular processes, and molecular mechanisms in rats. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1920-9. [PMID: 18708381 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to identify circulating growth factors, hormones, and cellular and molecular mechanisms that account for the effects of physical activity on mammary carcinogenesis. A total of 120 female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (50 mg/kg) and 7 days thereafter were randomized to either a physically active or a sedentary control group. Individually housed rats were given free access to a nonmotorized, computer-controlled activity wheel and running behavior was reinforced by food reward. Rats self-determined their daily intensity and duration of running. Sedentary control rats received the same amount of food as the physically active rats to which they were paired. Physical activity reduced mammary cancer incidence (P = 0.015) and cancer multiplicity (P = 0.01). Physical activity induced changes in plasma insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and corticosterone, suggesting that mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis were affected. Western blot analyses of mammary carcinomas revealed that proteins involved in cell proliferation were reduced (P < 0.001) and those involved in apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway were elevated (P < 0.001) by physical activity. The hypothesis that these effects were mediated by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, and down-regulation of protein kinase B, which collectively down-regulate the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin, was evaluated. Evidence in support of this hypothesis was found in the Western blot analyses of mammary carcinomas, mammary gland, liver, and skeletal muscle. Collectively, these findings provide a rationale for additional studies of energy-sensing pathways in the elucidation of mechanisms that account for the inhibition of carcinogenesis by physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongjian Zhu
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, 1173 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thompson HJ, McGinley JN, Spoelstra NS, Jiang W, Zhu Z, Wolfe P. Effect of Dietary Energy Restriction on Vascular Density during Mammary Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2004; 64:5643-50. [PMID: 15313902 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis by dietary energy restriction is associated with a decrease in cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. Although changes in the metabolism of insulin-like growth factor I and glucocorticoids have been proposed to modulate these cellular processes, limitations in blood supply could induce similar effects. To investigate this possibility, female Sprague Dawley rats were given an injection of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea and fed purified diets ad libitum or at 60% ad libitum intake, i.e., 40% dietary energy restriction. Premalignant mammary pathologies and mammary adenocarcinomas obtained from these rats were processed for vascular density analysis via CD-31 immunostaining. Vascular density, measured as vessels/unit area, of premalignant mammary pathologies and adenocarcinomas from dietary energy restriction rats was reduced 31 and 39%, respectively (P < 0.01). This effect, which was observed in a 50-microm wide band of tissue surrounding each pathology, was exerted on blood vessels > 25 microm2. Conversely, intratumoral vascular density was unaffected by dietary energy restriction. cDNA microarray and Western blot analyses of adenocarcinomas for evidence of dietary energy restriction-mediated effects on vascularization revealed that only the level of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor protein Flk-1 was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). It appears that dietary energy restriction imposes limitations in the supply of blood to developing pathologies, an effect that could directly inhibit the carcinogenic process. The vascular density data imply that dietary energy restriction inhibited the growth of endothelial cells but leave unresolved the question of whether dietary energy restriction had a specific effect on angiogenesis. The factors that account for the failure of dietary energy restriction to limit intratumoral vascularization are not obvious and merit additional investigation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Caloric Restriction
- Carcinogens
- Cell Division/physiology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/growth & development
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/blood supply
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Methylnitrosourea
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Precancerous Conditions/blood supply
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Weight Loss/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|