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Wultsch G, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Eibensteiner F, Mišík M, Krupitza G, Ferk F, Knasmüller S. Use of micronucleus cytome assays with buccal cells for the detection of genotoxic effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of occupational exposures to metals. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 794:108510. [PMID: 39004337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) assays with buccal cells are at present widely used to investigate occupational exposures to genotoxic carcinogens. This article describes their use for the monitoring of metal exposed workers. We found in total 73 relevant articles, in the majority (97 %) increased MN and/or other nuclear anomalies were reported. Most studies were realized in South East Asia and South America. A variety of different occupations was studied including welders, electroplaters, painters, workers in battery recycling and production, tannery workers, dental technicians, miners, workers in foundries and smelters, and also subjects working in waste recycling, glass, aluminum and steel production. In many investigations the effects increased with the duration of the working period. The quality of individual studies was evaluated with a quality score tool. The number of cells was in most studies sufficient and DNA-specific stains were used. However, many studies have shortcomings, e.g. they focused solely on MN formation and did not evaluate anomalies, which provide additional information about the stability of the genetic material and acute cytotoxic effects. Only 35 % of the investigations contain quantitative information about exposures to metals and other toxicants. In 6 of these studies, correlations were observed between the concentrations of specific metals (As, Pb, Cr, Cd) in body fluids and MN frequencies. Taken together, the available data indicate that the MN assay can be used to detect chromosomal damage in metal exposed groups; furthermore, it enables also comparisons between subgroups differing in regard to their exposure and allows an estimation of the efficiency of protective measures. The exposure of workers to metals is currently controlled with chemical analytical measurements only, MN assays with buccal cells could contribute to further improve the safety at workplaces as they reflect the biological consequences including synergistic and antagonistic interactions between toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Florian Eibensteiner
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
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Caponio VCA, Silva FFVE, Popolo F, Giugliano S, Spizzirri F, Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Padín-Iruegas ME, Zhurakivska K, Muzio LL, López-Pintor RM. State of art of micronuclei assay in exfoliative cytology as a clinical biomarker of genetic damage in oral carcinogenesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 794:108508. [PMID: 38964629 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral malignancy, often preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Currently, no clinical biomarker exists to predict malignancy, necessitating OPMD follow-up. Habits and environmental factors, such as smoking, and alcohol consumption, influence OSCC onset. Increased micronuclei (MNs) formation has been observed in the development of OSCC. Non-invasive diagnostic tests like exfoliative cytology offer painless and regular monitoring options. This study evaluates the impact of tobacco, alcohol, and pesticide exposure on MNs occurrence in exfoliative cytology-collected oral mucosal cells, assessing their potential as non-invasive biomarker for OSCC development prediction and monitoring in high-risk patients. Despite results from this meta-analysis supporting the existence of a stepwise increase from controls to patients with OPMD to OSCC, the translation of these findings into clinical practice is limited due to intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity, as well as methodological variability in MNs quantification. Various factors contribute to this heterogeneity, including demographic variables, methodological variability of different laboratories, staining techniques, sample collection location, and patient characteristics. All these points were discussed to provide further insights and improve standardization for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy; ORALMED Research Group, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Fábio França-Vieira E Silva
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Francesco Popolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Sara Giugliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Francesca Spizzirri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Alejandro I Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - María Elena Padín-Iruegas
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Area, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Rosa María López-Pintor
- ORALMED Research Group, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Malacarne IT, Alpire MES, Malinverni ACDM, Ribeiro DA. The use of micronucleus assay in oral mucosa cells as a suitable biomarker in children exposed to environmental mutagens: theoretical concepts, guidelines and future directions. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 39:191-197. [PMID: 36367315 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the micronucleus assay has been recognized as a suitable biomarker for monitoring populations exposed to many different occupational factors, lifestyle, environmental conditions, radiation exposure, and deleterious effects of pesticides. The objective of this work is to direct the design of future field studies in the assessment of the risk of children exposed to environmental mutagens, radiation, and pesticides. This review sought available information on the analysis of micronuclei in oral cells in children. A literature search for papers investigating DNA damage, genetic damage, oral cells, buccal cells, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and micronucleus was begun in 2000 and is scheduled to be concluded in May, 2022. Briefly, a search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for a variety of articles was performed. The results showed that there are still few studies that addressed micronuclei of oral cells in children exposed to the most diverse environmental conditions. Only environmental pollution was associated with damage to the genome of oral cells in children. Therefore, researchers need to be calibrated in cell analysis, standardization of field study protocols and the development of new research in the evaluation of children using the micronucleus test as a tool in child biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingra Tais Malacarne
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther Suarez Alpire
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Kundi M, Nersesyan A, Schmid G, Hutter HP, Eibensteiner F, Mišík M, Knasmüller S. Mobile phone specific radiation disturbs cytokinesis and causes cell death but not acute chromosomal damage in buccal cells: Results of a controlled human intervention study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118634. [PMID: 38452915 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Several human studies indicate that mobile phone specific electromagnetic fields may cause cancer in humans but the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently not known. Studies concerning chromosomal damage (which is causally related to cancer induction) are controversial and those addressing this issue in mobile phone users are based on the use of questionnaires to assess the exposure. We realized the first human intervention trial in which chromosomal damage and acute toxic effects were studied under controlled conditions. The participants were exposed via headsets at one randomly assigned side of the head to low and high doses of a UMTS signal (n = 20, to 0.1 W/kg and n = 21 to 1.6 W/kg Specific Absorption Rate) for 2 h on 5 consecutive days. Before and three weeks after the exposure, buccal cells were collected from both cheeks and micronuclei (MN, which are formed as a consequence of structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations) and other nuclear anomalies reflecting mitotic disturbance and acute cytotoxic effects were scored. We found no evidence for induction of MN and of nuclear buds which are caused by gene amplifications, but a significant increase of binucleated cells which are formed as a consequence of disturbed cell divisions, and of karyolitic cells, which are indicative for cell death. No such effects were seen in cells from the less exposed side. Our findings indicate that mobile phone specific high frequency electromagnetic fields do not cause acute chromosomal damage in oral mucosa cells under the present experimental conditions. However, we found clear evidence for disturbance of the cell cycle and cytotoxicity. These effects may play a causal role in the induction of adverse long term health effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Schmid
- EMC & Optics, Seibersdorf Labor GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Hutter
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Eibensteiner
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Silveira FM, Schuch LF, Schimidt TR, Lopes MP, Wagner VP, Só BB, Palo RM, Martins MD. Potentially carcinogenic effects of hydrogen peroxide for tooth bleaching on the oral mucosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:375-383. [PMID: 35282937 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Little is known about the extent to which hydrogen peroxide as used for tooth bleaching could be carcinogenic to the oral mucosa. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether hydrogen peroxide as used for tooth bleaching has carcinogenic effects on the oral mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases were searched. Studies evaluating different outcomes potentially related to the carcinogenic effects of hydrogen peroxide for tooth bleaching on the oral mucosa were included. Risk of bias was assessed by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Risk Of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I), or Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tools. The strength of the evidence was assessed by using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) protocol. The quantitative analysis was performed with means, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was analyzed by using I-squared statistics. RESULTS Thirteen articles comprising 5 animal and 8 clinical studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of the 5 animal studies associated the bleaching agents with a carcinogen and demonstrated an enhancement of the carcinogenic effect, but probably with the bleaching agent acting only as a promoter. Five clinical studies concluded that the bleaching agents did not cause mutagenic stress on the oral mucosa by using the micronucleus test. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the frequency of micronuclei did not differ significantly between baseline and 30 days after bleaching (mean difference: 0.48; 95% CI, -1.49, 2.46; P=.63). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review indicated that hydrogen peroxide does not appear to have carcinogenic effects on the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martins Silveira
- Adjunct Professor, Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay; Post-dotoral Fellowship, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- PhD student, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tuany Rafaeli Schimidt
- PhD student, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Paparotto Lopes
- Undergraduate student, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Post-doctoral Fellowship, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield (UoS), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bruna Barcelos Só
- PhD student, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato Miotto Palo
- PhD in Endodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduation Professor, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Alkan B, Koroglu-Aydin P. The effects of smoking on genotoxic and histopathologic damage in exfoliated oral epithelial cells and the periodontium: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33140. [PMID: 36827003 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking negatively affects the prognosis of periodontal disease by impairing tissue healing. While micronucleus is the most popular parameter for demonstrating DNA damage, inflammatory cell and vascular densities are the most evaluated parameters for determining histopathologic changes in the periodontium. This study aimed to study the effects of periodontitis and cigarette smoking on genotoxic changes in exfoliated oral epithelial cells and histopathologic changes in periodontal tissue. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2018 and July 2019 at a dental university hospital in Turkey, and registered as NCT05484765. Eighty systemically healthy subjects were divided into four groups according to periodontal status and smoking habits: 20 smokers with generalized periodontitis (SGP), 20 nonsmokers with generalized periodontitis (NGP), 20 smokers with healthy periodontium (SHP), and 20 nonsmokers with healthy periodontium (NHP). For each study participant, full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters (CPPs) were measured, smear samples were taken from buccal and gingival mucosa, and periodontal tissue was biopsied from the maxillary molars. Cytogenetic and histopathologic assays (primary and secondary outcomes) were conducted using Feulgen reaction and hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively. The mean CPPs of healthy periodontium groups were lower than generalized periodontitis groups. No significant differences were found between other groups regarding CPPs. Buccal micronuclei counts in groups decreased with the highest to lowest counts occurring in the order SGP > SHP > NGP > NHP. Gingival micronuclei counts in groups decreased from SGP > SHP > NGP = NHP. The most intense inflammatory cell and vascular densities occurred in SGP and NGP groups, respectively; and the mildest values were in healthy periodontium groups. Histopathological damage score decreased significantly by group in order SGP > NGP > SHP > NHP. The synergy arising from the combination of smoking and periodontitis exposures exacerbates genotoxic and histopathologic damage in oral cells and the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Alkan
- Private Practice of Periodontology, Istanbul, Turkey (formerly Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey)
| | - Pinar Koroglu-Aydin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dahal M, Upadhyaya P, Adhikari P, Regmi N. Mean Micronuclei Score in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Patients with Malignant Breast Lump in the Department of Pathology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022; 60:1037-1040. [PMID: 36705103 PMCID: PMC9795124 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.7909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Micronucleus is used as a biomarker of chromosomal instability, which is one of the hallmarks of neoplastic transformation. As micronuclei score increases with malignancy, it can be an effective and inexpensive adjunct to breast fine needle aspiration cytology, in diagnosing breast lumps, especially detecting grey lesions between benign and malignant tumours. The aim of this study is to find out the mean micronuclei score in fine-needle aspiration cytology of patients with malignant breast lumps in the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care centre. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with malignant breast lumps in the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care centre between 1 May 2020 to 31 May 2021 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: IRC/2139/021). The fine-needle aspiration cytology of breast lumps was diagnosed as per National Health services breast screening program guidelines. The mean micronuclei score was calculated. Convenience sampling was done and data were collected from the hospital records in the Department. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results Among 20 malignant breast aspirates, the mean micronuclei score was found to be 8.30±3.75 (3-19, 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions The mean micronuclei score in fine-needle aspiration cytology of malignant breast lumps was found to be similar when compared to similar studies conducted in similar settings. Keywords biomarker; breast neoplasm; chromosomal instability; fine-needle aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dahal
- Department of Pathology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal,Correspondence: Dr Mona Dahal, Department of Pathology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal. , Phone: +977-9841328106
| | - Paricha Upadhyaya
- Department of Pathology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - Purbesh Adhikari
- Department of Pathology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - Niraj Regmi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
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Puizina Mladinic E, Puizina J, Gavic L, Tadin A. Clinical Prospective Assessment of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Fluoride Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Buccal Mucosal Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092206. [PMID: 36140304 PMCID: PMC9496030 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fluorides are an essential component of oral hygiene products used to prevent dental decay. Therefore, a question arises about the potential harms of joint use of fluoridated toothpaste and mouthwashes regarding the increased amount of fluoride in the oral mucosa. Methods: This prospective, double-blinded parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted using a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt assay). Forty-one participants were randomly assigned to the two groups. All participants used the same kinds of toothpaste for 12 weeks, designed explicitly for this study (non-fluoride, 1050 ppm F, and 1450 ppm F each for 4 weeks). Simultaneously, during the 3 months of the research, one group used mouthwash with fluoride (450 ppm) and another without fluoride. The buccal mucosal sampling was taken before using the tested products and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of their use. Results: The frequency of micronuclei and the majority of other scored endpoints from the BMCyt assay showed no statistically significant differences within and between the studied groups. Comparing two groups, only statistically significant increases in the number of cells with nuclear buds (p = 0.048) and karyorrhexis (p = 0.020) at four weeks of usage were observed in the group that used mouthwash with fluoride. Conclusion: On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that simultaneous application of fluoridated toothpaste and fluoride mouthwash does not lead to cytogenetic damage in buccal mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Puizina Mladinic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Lidia Gavic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Antonija Tadin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +385-21557624
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Malacarne IT, Takeshita WM, de Souza DV, Dos Anjos Rosario B, de Barros Viana M, Renno ACM, Salvadori DMF, Ribeiro DA. Is micronucleus assay in oral exfoliated cells a useful biomarker for biomonitoring populations exposed to pesticides? A systematic review with meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64392-64403. [PMID: 35854069 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis aimed to infer if micronucleus assay using oral mucosal cells a useful biomarker for biomonitoring populations continuously exposed to pesticides (EP). The SR has been made in accordance with the PRISMA-P guidelines. The PICOS strategy has focused to answer the following question: "Does exposure to pesticides cause genetic damage in oral cells?" The literature search was made in the following scientific databases: Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus. The approach was defined as follows: standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The quality assessment of manuscripts was obtained by the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project). The GRADE tool was chosen for assessing the quality of evidence. A total of 108 articles were selected in this setting. After screening abstracts and titles, 23 manuscripts were evaluated for eligibility. After reviewing the studies, two were considered weak and 22 were classified as moderate or strong. The meta-analysis data pointed out statistically significant differences in volunteers exposed to EP (SMD = 1.23, 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.77, p < 0.001), with a Tau2 = 1.44; Chi2 = 566.38, and p < 0.001, so that the selected manuscripts were considered heterogeneous and the I2 of 97% indicated high heterogeneity. Taken together, this review was able to validate the micronucleus assay in oral exfoliated cells as a useful biomarker in individuals continuously exposed to EP because the studies categorized as moderate and strong have demonstrated positive response related to mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingra Tais Malacarne
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Vitor de Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Barbara Dos Anjos Rosario
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Milena de Barros Viana
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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Campos KN, Alpire MES, Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetic Biomonitoring in Buccal Mucosa Cells from Seaport Dockers. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2022; 2:369-372. [PMID: 35530646 PMCID: PMC9066535 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Dockers of seaport working as stevedores are self-employed workers who carry out arduous and dangerous activities. To date, few studies have investigated the human health risks in these professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytogenetic damage in oral cells of dockers of seaports working as stevedores by micronucleus assay in buccal cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS For this study, a total of 26 seaport dockers working as stevedores aged 51.2±8.4 years (all men) were included in this study. All volunteers had worked for at least 3 years. The control group consisted of 25 participants aged 55.2±9.9 years (all men), who did not work in the Port of Santos city. RESULTS The results showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) of micronucleated cells in buccal mucosa cells of seaport dockers. Pyknosis, karyolysis and karrhyorexis did not show statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between groups. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that seaport dockers present mutagenicity in oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katyane Negreiros Campos
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Esther Suarez Alpire
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Takeshita WM, Ribeiro DA. Comment on Pop et al. Early Diagnosis of Oral Mucosal Alterations in Smokers and E-Cigarette Users Based on Micronuclei Count: A Cross-Sectional Study among Dental Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13246. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063713. [PMID: 35329400 PMCID: PMC8951827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1332290156
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Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Stopper H, da Silva J, Bolognesi C, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Recommendations and quality criteria for micronucleus studies with humans. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108410. [PMID: 35690413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) analyses in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated cells from different organs (mouth, nose, bladder and cervix) are at present the most widely used approaches to detect damage of genetic material in humans. MN are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies, which can be identified microscopically. They reflect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations and are formed as a consequence of exposure to occupational, environmental and lifestyle genotoxins. They are also induced as a consequence of inadequate intake of certain trace elements and vitamins. High MN rates are associated with increased risk of cancer and a range of non-cancer diseases in humans. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that measurements of MN could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of different forms of cancer and other diseases (inflammation, infections, metabolic disorders) and for the assessment of the therapeutic success of medical treatments. Recent reviews of the current state of knowledge suggest that many clinical studies have methodological shortcomings. This could lead to controversial findings and limits their usefulness in defining the impact of exposure concentrations of hazardous chemicals, for the judgment of remediation strategies, for the diagnosis of diseases and for the identification of protective or harmful dietary constituents. This article describes important quality criteria for human MN studies and contains recommendations for acceptable study designs. Important parameters that need more attention include sufficiently large group sizes, adequate duration of intervention studies, the exclusion of confounding factors which may affect the results (sex, age, body mass index, nutrition, etc.), the evaluation of appropriate cell numbers per sample according to established scoring criteria as well as the use of proper stains and adequate statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, Australia
| | - H Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) & LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - C Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Fabian-Morales E, Fernández-Cáceres C, Gudiño A, Andonegui Elguera MA, Torres-Arciga K, Escobar Arrazola MA, Tolentino García L, Alfaro Mora YE, Oliva-Rico DA, Cáceres Gutiérrez RE, Domínguez Ortíz J, Castro Hernández C, Herrera Montalvo LA, Díaz-Negrete DB, Reynoso-Noverón N. Genotoxicity of Marijuana in Mono-Users. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:753562. [PMID: 34938210 PMCID: PMC8685240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.753562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marijuana (Cannabis sp.) is among the most recurred controlled substances in the world, and there is a growing tendency to legalize its possession and use; however, the genotoxic effects of marijuana remain under debate. A clear definition of marijuana's genotoxic effects remains obscure by the simultaneous consumption of tobacco and other recreational substances. In order to assess the genotoxic effects of marijuana and to prevent the bias caused by the use of substances other than cannabis, we recruited marijuana users that were sub-divided into three categories: (1) users of marijuana-only (M), (2) users of marijuana and tobacco (M+T), and (3) users of marijuana plus other recreative substances or illicit drugs (M+O), all the groups were compared against a non-user control group. We quantified DNA damage by detection of γH2AX levels and quantification of micronuclei (MN), one of the best-established methods for measuring chromosomal DNA damage. We found increased levels of γH2AX in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the M and M+T groups, and increased levels of MNs in cultures from M+T group. Our results suggest a DNA damage increment for M and M+T groups but the extent of chromosomal damage (revealed here by the presence of MNs and NBuds) might be related to the compounds found in tobacco. We also observed an elevated nuclear division index in all marijuana users in comparison to the control group suggesting a cytostatic dysregulation caused by cannabis use. Our study is the first in Mexico to assess the genotoxicity of marijuana in mono-users and in combination with other illicit drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Fabian-Morales
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Avanzadas en Microscopía (ADMiRA), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Adriana Gudiño
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Avanzadas en Microscopía (ADMiRA), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marco A. Andonegui Elguera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karla Torres-Arciga
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marco Armando Escobar Arrazola
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Tolentino García
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yair E. Alfaro Mora
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diego A. Oliva-Rico
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Avanzadas en Microscopía (ADMiRA), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rodrigo E. Cáceres Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julieta Domínguez Ortíz
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Clementina Castro Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis A. Herrera Montalvo
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Nancy Reynoso-Noverón
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
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14
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Setayesh T, Kundi M, Nersesyan A, Stopper H, Fenech M, Krupitza G, Knasmüller S. Use of micronucleus assays for the prediction and detection of cervical cancer: a meta-analysis. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1318-1328. [PMID: 32780106 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women; the survival rates depend strongly on its early detection. The Pap test is the most frequently used diagnostic tool, but due to its limited sensitivity/specificity, additional screening tests are needed. Therefore, we evaluated the use of micronucleus (MN) assays with cervical cells for the prediction and diagnosis of CC. MN reflects structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations. A search was performed in Pubmed, Scopus, Thomson ISI and Google Scholar. Subsequently, meta-analyses were performed for different grades of abnormal findings in smears and biopsies from patients which were diagnosed with CC. Results of 21 studies in which findings of MN experiments were compared with data from Pap tests show that higher MN frequencies were found in women with abnormal cells that are indicative for increased cancer risks. MN frequency ratios increased in the order inflammation (2.1) < ASC-US and ASC-H (3.3) < LGSIL (4.4) < HGSIL (8.4). Furthermore, results are available from 17 investigations in which MN were scored in smears from patients with neoplasia. MN rates increased with the degree of neoplasia [CIN 1 (4.6) < CIN 2 (6.5) and CIN 3 (10.8)] and were significantly higher (8.8) in CC patients. Our meta-analysis indicates that the MN assay, which is easy to perform in combination with Pap tests, may be useful for the detection/prediction of CC. However, standardization (including definition of the optimal cell numbers and stains) and further validation is necessary before the MN test can be implemented in routine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australiaand
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Alpire M, Silva RD, Nagaoka MR, Ribeiro DA. Are cytogenetic assays in exfoliated cells able to predict the development of oral cancer in chronic smokers? Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1803-1804. [PMID: 33827307 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211003318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mes Alpire
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (28105UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rcb da Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (28105UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Nagaoka
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (28105UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D A Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (28105UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Ribeiro DA. Comment on "Micronucleus Evaluation in Exfoliated Human Buccal Epithelium Cells among E-Waste Workers in Payatas, the Philippines". J Health Pollut 2021; 11:210309. [PMID: 33815907 PMCID: PMC8009652 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-11.29.210309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos-SP, 11050-020, Brazil, Tel. +55 1332290156
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17
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de Souza DV, de Moraes Malinverni AC, Ribeiro DA. Comments on "Monitoring human genotoxicity risk associated to urban and industrial Buenos Aires air pollution exposure" by Los A Gutiérrez et al. (2020). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4881-4882. [PMID: 32862343 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vitor de Souza
- Departments of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cristina de Moraes Malinverni
- Departments of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departments of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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18
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Shivkumar V, Mangam S, Deshmukh A. Role of micronucleus assay as an indicator of chromosomal instability in aspirates of breast carcinoma. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_26_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Impact of infections, preneoplasia and cancer on micronucleus formation in urothelial and cervical cells: A systematic review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108361. [PMID: 34083051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 165,000 and 311,000 individuals die annually from urothelial (UC) and cervical (CC) cancer. The therapeutic success of these cancers depends strongly on their early detection and could be improved by use of additional diagnostic tools. We evaluated the current knowledge of the use of micronucleus (MN) assays (which detect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations) with urine- (UDC) and cervix-derived (CDC) cells for the identification of humans with increased risks and for the diagnosis of UC and CC. Several findings indicate that MN rates in UDC are higher in individuals with inflammation and schistosomiasis that are associated with increased prevalence of UC; furthermore, higher MN rates were also found in CDC in women with HPV, Candidiasis and Trichomonas infections which increase the risks for CC. Only few studies were published on MN rates in UDS in patients with UC, two concern the detection of recurrent bladder tumors. Strong correlations were found in individuals with abnormal CC cells that are scored in Pap tests and histopathological abnormalities. In total, 16 studies were published which concerned these topics. MN rates increased in the order: inflammation < ASC-US/ASC-H < LSIL < HSIL < CC. It is evident that MNi numbers increase with the risk to develop CC and with the degree of malignant transformation. Overall, the evaluation of the literature indicates that MNi are useful additional biomarkers for the prognosis and detection of CC and possibly also for UC. In regard to the diagnosis/surveillance of UC, further investigations are needed to draw firm conclusions, but the currently available data are promising. In general, further standardization of the assays is needed (i.e. definition of optimal cell numbers and of suitable stains as well as elucidation of the usefulness of parameters reflecting cytotoxicity and mitotic activity) before MN trials can be implemented in routine screening.
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20
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Wultsch G, Setayesh T, Kundi M, Kment M, Nersesyan A, Fenech M, Knasmüller S. Induction of DNA damage as a consequence of occupational exposure to crystalline silica: A review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108349. [PMID: 34083037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
About 40 million workers are occupationally exposed to crystalline silica (CS) which was classified as a human carcinogen by the IARC. It is assumed that damage of the genetic material via inflammation and reactive oxygen species by CS lead to formation of malignant cells. We conducted a systematic literature search to find out if inhalation of CS containing dusts at workplaces causes damage of the genetic material. Thirteen studies were found eligible for this review, in most of them (n = 9) micronuclei (MN) which reflect structural/numerical chromosomal aberrations were monitored in lymphocytes and/or in exfoliated buccal cells. In 5 investigations DNA damage was measured in blood cells in single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) experiments. Frequently studied groups were potters, stone cutters, miners and construction workers. Results of meta-analyses show that exposure to CS causes formation of MN and DNA breaks, the overall ratio values were in exposed workers 2.06- and 1.96-fold higher than in controls, respectively. Two studies reported increased levels of oxidized guanine, and higher levels of DNA adducts with malondialdehyde indicating that exposure to CS leads to oxidative damage. The exposure of the workers to CS was quantified only in two studies, information concerning the size and chemical structures of the particles is lacking in most investigations. Therefore, it is not possible to use the results to derive occupational exposure limits of workers to CS which vary strongly in different countries. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the current state of knowledge shows that biomonitoring studies in which damage of the genetic material is measured in CS exposed workers can contribute to assess adverse health effects as consequence of DNA instability in specific occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Wultsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kment
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Women rag pickers at a dump in Ahmedabad: Genotoxicity and oxidative stress. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 858-860:503254. [PMID: 33198935 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Ahmedabad, India, and the surrounding area is dumped at the Pirana site; rag pickers collect materials for re-sale. We have compared genotoxicity and oxidative stress in samples from women rag pickers working at this site, with women involved only in door-to-door waste picking (in residential areas near the university campus) as "controls". The buccal Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay showed significantly higher frequencies of Micronucleus (MN), Nucleoplasmic Bridges (NPB), and Nuclear Buds (NB) in the rag pickers than in the "controls". The buccal Micronuclei Cytome (BMCyt) assay showed significantly higher prevalence of nuclear anomalies, such as micronucleus, karyorrhexis, karyolytic cells, and nuclear buds. Blood samples from the rag pickers showed lower levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase), lower total serum protein concentrations, and greater lipid peroxidation compared to the "control" group. Exposure to hazardous solid waste may lead to increased oxidative damage and genotoxicity; improved safety procedures and the use of personal protective equipment are recommended.
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Nersesyan A. Letter to the Editor. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:83-84. [PMID: 33155850 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1836400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine, 1, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
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23
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Boreiko CJ, Rossman TG. Antimony and its compounds: Health impacts related to pulmonary toxicity, cancer, and genotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 403:115156. [PMID: 32710957 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although occupational exposure to antimony and its compounds can produce pulmonary toxicity, human carcinogenic impacts have not been observed. Inhalation studies with respirable antimony trioxide particles administered to rats and mice have, however, induced carcinogenic responses in the lungs and related tissue sites. Genotoxicity studies conducted to elucidate mechanism(s) for tumor induction have produced mixed results. Antimony compounds do not induce gene mutations in bacteria or cultured mammalian cells, but chromosome aberrations and micronuclei have been observed, usually at highly cytotoxic concentrations. Indirect mechanisms of genotoxicity have been proposed to mediate these responses. In vivo genotoxicity tests have generally yielded negative results although several positive studies of marginal quality have been reported. Genotoxic effects may be related to indirect modes of action such as the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered gene expression or interference with DNA repair processes. Such indirect mechanisms may exhibit dose-response thresholds. For example, interaction of ROS with in vivo antioxidant systems could yield a threshold for genotoxicity (and cancer) only at concentrations above the capacity of antioxidant defense mechanisms to control and/or eliminate damage from ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toby G Rossman
- Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
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24
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Naderi NJ. Micronucleus Assay: Pitfalls and Challenges. J Cytol 2020; 37:157. [PMID: 33088039 PMCID: PMC7542046 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_29_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Jalayer Naderi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Moshammer H, Khan AW, Wallner P, Poteser M, Kundi M, Hutter HP. Validity of reported indicators of pesticide exposure and relevance for cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on buccal cells. Mutagenesis 2020; 34:147-152. [PMID: 30590686 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher rates of nuclear anomalies in buccal cells of coffee workers exposed to pesticides in comparison to their unexposed peers were detected in our field study. Here, we extend our findings by examining other exposure indicators in this sample. Occupational exposure of 38 exposed and 33 non-exposed farmworkers was assessed as exposure days in the last month (0-25 days) and as years of exposure (0-47 years). Genotoxic and cytotoxic markers in buccal cells were analysed following standard procedures for buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Both exposure markers were associated with a higher frequency of nuclear anomalies with odds ratios more than 1. After restricting the analysis to the exposed workers only, this association remained only with the marker of recent exposure. In a secondary analysis also environmental exposure defined as proximity of the home to the nearest sprayed field (distance <1000 m) was assessed. Proximity led to increased rates (with odds ratios more than 3) of genotoxic but not cytotoxic nuclear anomalies. Reported recent frequency and intensity of pesticide use and application are a valid exposure marker relevant for cytological pathologies in the buccal mucosa. The exposure metric for environmental exposure was rather crude and confounding by some unmeasured factor cannot be fully excluded. Nevertheless, simple exposure indicators that can even be obtained under rather difficult field conditions do provide health-relevant and valid information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Moshammer
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abdul Wali Khan
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse, Vienna, Austria.,Federal Govt. Polyclinic (PGMI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Peter Wallner
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse, Vienna, Austria.,International Society of Doctors for the Environment Austria, Große Mohrengasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Poteser
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Hutter
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse, Vienna, Austria.,International Society of Doctors for the Environment Austria, Große Mohrengasse, Vienna, Austria
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Souza DVD, Claudio SR, Da Silva CLF, Marangoni KP, Peres RC, Ribeiro DA. Genomic Instability in Peripheral Blood and Buccal Mucosal Cells of Marijuana Smokers: The Impact of Tobacco Smoke. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1235-1239. [PMID: 32458627 PMCID: PMC7541859 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects on buccal mucosa and peripheral blood cells from marijuana and tobacco smokers. Methods: For this purpose, a total of 45 volunteers were distributed into four groups: CTRL group (control): individuals who did not smoke marijuana or tobacco (n = 11); Group M: Marijuana smokers (n = 13); Group T: Tobacco smokers (n = 13); Group M + T: Smokers of both marijuana and tobacco (n = 08). Results: Smokers of both marijuana and tobacco led an increase of micronucleated cells on buccal mucosa when compared to control group. The occurrence of karyolysis showed significant changes in this group as well. The comet assay data revealed genetic damage in peripheral blood cells for all groups of smokers. Conclusion: In summary, our results showed that marijuana and /or tobacco are able to induce genetic damage and cytotoxicity in oral and peripheral blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vitor De Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel Rangel Claudio
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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DehghanNezhad M, Jalayer Naderi N, Semyari H. Micronucleus Assay of Buccal Mucosa Cells in Waterpipe (Hookah) Smokers: A Cytologic Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:75-80. [PMID: 32215022 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.101701.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective Micronucleus assay of buccal mucosa cells is a simple bio- monitoring method for diagnosing the genetic damages of toxic agents. The aim was to study the genotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking on buccal mucosa cells using micronucleus assay. Methods This was a case control. A total of 30 male waterpipe smokers and 30 non-smokers were included in the study. The exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were scrapped using wooden spatula and were spread over glass slides. The mean number of micronuclei was determined using Feulgen-stained slides. The number of micronuclei per 1000 cells was calculated and compared between the two groups of smokers and non-smokers. Results The mean number of micronuclei in waterpipe smokers and non-smokers was 1.94±0.39 and 1.68±0.35, respectively. The micronuclei count in waterpipe smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers (P=0). The difference between the number of waterpipe smoking and micronuclei count was significantly different (P=0). Conclusion The mean number of micronuclei in buccal mucosa cells of waterpipe smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers. The genotoxicity effect of waterpipe was dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hassan Semyari
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University
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Nersesyan A, Muradyan R, Kundi M, Fenech M, Bolognesi C, Knasmueller S. Smoking causes induction of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in cervical cells. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 226:113492. [PMID: 32088596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is an independent cause of cervical cancer, which is the 4th most common malignancy in women. It is currently not known if tobacco consumption causes chromosomal damage (which is a hallmark of human cancer) in cervical cells and if age and the hormonal status have an impact on tobacco induced genetic instability in the cervix. METHODS We conducted a study with pre- and post-menopausal women smokers and never-smokers (25/group). Smokers consumed 30 light/medium cigarettes/day and were matched with the non-smoking group. Cervical cells were analyzed for induction of micronuclei (MN) which are caused by structural/numerical chromosomal aberrations; additionally, other nuclear anomalies reflecting genomic instability and cytotoxicity were scored. Furthermore, the frequencies of basal cells were recorded which reflect the mitotic activity of the mucosa. RESULTS MN and other abnormalities were increased in both groups of smokers. The effects were most pronounced in postmenopausal smokers (i.e. 2-fold higher) compared to premenopausal smokers. Also the number of basal cells (indicative for cell proliferation) was clearly enhanced in older women. Tar and nicotine had no detectable impact on chromosomal damage but a clear association with pack-years was observed. CONCLUSIONS Smoking increased chromosomal instability, cytotoxicity and induced cell divisions in cervical mucosa cells of pre- and post-menopausal women. The effects were more pronounced in the latter group indicating a higher risk for diseases (including cancer) that are causally related to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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Gurram HPR, Panta P, Pandiyan VP, Ghori I, John R. Digital holographic microscopy for quantitative and label-free oral cytology evaluation. OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 59:1. [DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.59.2.024105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanu Phani Ram Gurram
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kandi, Telangana
| | - Prashanth Panta
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kandi, Telangana
| | | | - Inayathullah Ghori
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kandi, Telangana
| | - Renu John
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kandi, Telangana
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Costa S, Costa C, Madureira J, Valdiglesias V, Teixeira-Gomes A, Guedes de Pinho P, Laffon B, Teixeira JP. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and early biomarkers of cancer risk, immunotoxicity and susceptibility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108740. [PMID: 31563789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a high-volume production chemical manufactured worldwide to which many people are exposed to both environmentally and occupationally. FA was recently reclassified as a human carcinogen. Several epidemiological studies have revealed an increased risk of cancer development among workers exposed to FA. Although FA genotoxicity was confirmed in a variety of experimental systems, data from human studies are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occupational exposure to FA in a multistage approach relating the exposure with different biomarkers (dose and effect) and individual susceptibility. Air monitoring was performed to estimate the level of exposure to FA during shift work. Eighty-five workers from hospital anatomy-pathology laboratories exposed to FA and 87 controls were tested for cytogenetic alterations in lymphocytes (micronucleus, MN; sister-chromatid exchange, SCE) and T-cell receptor (TCR) mutation assay. The frequency of MN in exfoliated buccal cells, a first contact tissue was also assessed. Percentages of different lymphocyte subpopulations were selected as immunotoxicity biomarkers. The level of formic acid in urine was investigated as a potential biomarker of internal dose. The effects of polymorphic genes of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes and DNA repair enzymes on the endpoints studied were determined. The mean level of FA exposure was 0.38 ± 0.03 ppm. MN (in lymphocytes and buccal cells) and SCE were significantly increased in FA-exposed workers compared to controls. MN frequency positively correlated with FA levels of exposure and duration. Significant alterations in the percentage of T cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells and B lymphocytes were found between groups. Polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTP1 and FANCA genes were associated with increased genetic damage in FA-exposed subjects. The obtained information may provide new important data to be used by health and safety care programs and by governmental agencies responsible for setting the acceptable levels for occupational exposure to FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Costa
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Costa
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Faculty of Education Sciences, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Armanda Teixeira-Gomes
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
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Nersesyan A. Re: Repair Index in Examination of Nuclear Changes in the Buccal Mucosa of Smokers: A Useful Method for Screening of Oral Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3189-3191. [PMID: 31759340 PMCID: PMC7063024 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.11.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Zafar A, Sherlin HJ, Jayaraj G, Ramani P, Don KR, Santhanam A. Diagnostic utility of touch imprint cytology for intraoperative assessment of surgical margins and sentinel lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients using four different cytological stains. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 48:101-110. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Zafar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySaveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS Chennai India
| | - Herald J. Sherlin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySaveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS Chennai India
| | - Gifrina Jayaraj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySaveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS Chennai India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySaveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS Chennai India
| | - Kanchi R Don
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySaveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS Chennai India
| | - Archana Santhanam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySaveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS Chennai India
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Nersesyan A. Re: in vivo evaluation of fluoride and sodium lauryl sulphate in toothpaste on buccal epithelial cells toxicity. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:559. [PMID: 31250714 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1632475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Department of Chemical Safety and Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Wien, Austria
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Ribeiro DA. Letter to the editor. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:991-992. [PMID: 31311069 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Room 332, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11050-020, Brazil.
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Rodrigues MM, Fontoura CP, Garcia CSC, Martins ST, Henriques JAP, Figueroa CA, Roesch-Ely M, Aguzzoli C. Investigation of plasma treatment on UHMWPE surfaces: Impact on physicochemical properties, sterilization and fibroblastic adhesion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:264-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ribeiro D. Evidence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of X-rays in the oral mucosa epithelium of adults subjected to cone beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2019; 48:20180299. [PMID: 30285478 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20180299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal De Sao Paulo (UNIFESP),Santos, San Paulo, Brazil
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The application of an in vitro micronucleus test in mouse fibroblast L929 cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 841:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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de Geus JL, Bortoluzzi MC, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Do dental bleaching agents induce genetic damage on oral mucosa cells? Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:2511-2513. [PMID: 31016541 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L de Geus
- Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, 4748, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Bortoluzzi
- Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, 4748, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, 4748, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, 4748, Brazil.
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Federico C, Vitale V, La Porta N, Saccone S. Buccal micronucleus assay in human populations from Sicily (Italy) exposed to petrochemical industry pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7048-7054. [PMID: 30644050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum refinery workers are potentially exposed to a wide range of petrochemical industry pollutants (PIP), such as benzene and 1,3-butadiene, cancer-related compounds classified as carcinogenic to humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytogenetic effects of exposure to PIP from two industrialised areas in South/East Sicily (Italy) using a micronucleus (MN) assay and other nuclear anomalies (ONA) on exfoliated buccal cells. Results highlighted not only a statistically significant high level of increase of MN in petroleum refinery (PR) workers, but also in the subjects not working in PR but living in the industrialised area. The ONA analysis showed a highly significant increase in karyolytic cells in exposed vs unexposed subjects, in contrast to a decrease in differentiated cells. These results suggest the presence of a cytotoxic effect in the oral mucosa cells, probably related to the pollutant compounds present in the environment close to the petrochemical industries. Our data confirm that the analysis of exfoliated buccal cells is a useful and simple non-invasive method to evaluate the genotoxic/cytotoxic effects of pollutants in a specific area. To avoid confounding factors due to the different lifestyles of the human subjects, the above assays could be better applied on farm animals, which have a relatively consistent lifestyle and, in some cases, a very low genetic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Federico
- Department Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology "M. La Greca", University of Catania, Via Androne, 81, 95124, Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Vitale
- Department Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology "M. La Greca", University of Catania, Via Androne, 81, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Noemi La Porta
- Department Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology "M. La Greca", University of Catania, Via Androne, 81, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology "M. La Greca", University of Catania, Via Androne, 81, 95124, Catania, Italy
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Nersesyan A. Re: Does smoking habit increase the micronuclei frequency in the oral mucosa of adults compared to non-smokers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. de Geus et al., Clin Oral Investig. 2018 Jan; 22(1):81-91. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:497-499. [PMID: 30612240 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Letter to the Editor replying to Armen Nersesyan about the article published in Clinical Oral Investigations tilted "Smoking increases the frequency of micronuclei in the oral mucosa of adults relative to non-smokers-a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:503-505. [PMID: 30612245 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Flores-Bracho MG, Takahashi CS, Castillo WO, Saraiva MCP, Küchler EC, Matsumoto MAN, Ferreira JTL, Nelson-Filho P, Romano FL. Genotoxic effects in oral mucosal cells caused by the use of orthodontic fixed appliances in patients after short and long periods of treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:2913-2919. [PMID: 30612244 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-02795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effects in the oral epithelial cells of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and to compare these to a control group without treatment. The null hypothesis to be tested is that corrective orthodontic treatment at different periods does not cause genotoxic effects in patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS An observational cross-sectional study including 74 patients enrolled in corrective orthodontic treatment and 21 control patients, between 11 and 35 years of age, of both genders, participated in the research. Patients undergoing treatment were divided into four treatment groups differentiated by treatment periods: G1, n = 21 (1 month to 12 months); G2, n = 21 (13 to 24 months); G3, n = 23 (25 to 48 months); and G4, n = 9 (over 48 months). Cells were collected by scraping the internal side of the cheek and subsequently placed in tubes containing 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The sample underwent evaluation for genotoxic effects by means of the micronucleus test (MNT). Bivariate analyses were performed using parametric tests (t test or ANOVA) and nonparametric tests (Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn post-test). The adopted level of significance was 5%. RESULTS Statistically significant differences for any of the genotoxic abnormalities (binucleated, trinucleated, karyolysis, piknosis, nuclear buds) were not found except for karyolysis, which was higher in the control group than in G4 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study did not demonstrate evidence of genotoxic effects even after long periods of corrective orthodontic treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study explores genotoxic effects in fixed orthodontic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Flores-Bracho
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Catarina Satie Takahashi
- Mutagenesis and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Orlando Castillo
- Mutagenesis and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição Pereira Saraiva
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - José Tarcísio Lima Ferreira
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Fabio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
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Abstract
Whole-genome and centrosome duplication as a consequence of cytokinesis failure can drive tumorigenesis in experimental model systems. However, whether cytokinesis failure is in fact an important cause of human cancers has remained unclear. In this Review, we summarize evidence that whole-genome-doubling events are frequently observed in human cancers and discuss the contribution that cytokinesis defects can make to tumorigenesis. We provide an overview of the potential causes of cytokinesis failure and discuss how tetraploid cells that are generated through cytokinesis defects are used in cancer as a transitory state on the route to aneuploidy. Finally, we discuss how cytokinesis defects can facilitate genetic diversification within the tumour to promote cancer development and could constitute the path of least resistance in tumour evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - René H Medema
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Abstract
The micronucleus (MN) assay, applied in different surrogate tissues, is one of the best validated cytogenetic techniques for evaluating chromosomal damage in humans. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes (L-CBMNcyt) is the most frequently used method in biomonitoring human populations to evaluate DNA damage caused by exposure to genotoxic agents, micronutrient deficiency or excess and genetic instability. Furthermore, recent scientific evidence suggests an association between an increased MN frequency in lymphocytes and risk of cancer and other age-related degenerative diseases. The micronucleus cytome assay applied in buccal exfoliated cells (BMNCyt), provides a complementary method for measuring DNA damage and cytotoxic effects in an easily accessible tissue not requiring ex vivo/in vitro culture. The protocol for L-CBMNcyt described here, refers to the use of ex vivo whole blood method, involving 72 h of culture with the block of cytokinesis starting at 44 h. BMNCyt protocol reports the established method for sample collection, processing, slide preparation and scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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Monteiro MJF, Lindoso JBC, de Oliveira Conde NC, da Silva LM, Loguercio AD, Pereira JV. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of different delivery methods of at-home bleaching gels: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2199-2206. [PMID: 30280324 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This single-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial evaluated the genotoxic potential and effectiveness of 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in patients submitted to at-home bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty young volunteers with maxillary incisors equal to or darker than M1.5 were included in the study. Patients were submitted to bleaching for 14 days (30 min/day) with one of the three 10% HP treatments: the bleaching agent was delivered in a bleaching tray (White Class, FGM), whitening strips (White Strips, Oral-b), or in prefilled disposable trays (Opalescence Go, Ultradent). The color change was evaluated with the Vita Bleachedguide, and the micronucleus test of exfoliative oral mucosa was carried out, starting from a count of 1000 cells, at the baseline, immediately after and 30 days after the end of the treatment. The micronucleus data were evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests and color change with the two-way ANOVA test and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Significant whitening was observed for all groups after 14 days (p = 0.001) and was maintained after 30 days, with no difference between groups (p = 0.42). The micronucleus count did not indicate genotoxic potential in any of the groups studied (p = 0.32), irrespective of the time intervals (p = 0.62). CONCLUSION No genotoxic effects of 10% HP were observed in patients submitted to at-home bleaching systems (30 min/day for 14 days), even 30 days after the end of treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is safe to use different systems to deliver 10% HP during at-home bleaching according to the manufacturers' recommendations, with no risk of genotoxic effects applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcílio Jorge Fernandes Monteiro
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Bruna Corrêa Lindoso
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Nikeila Chacon de Oliveira Conde
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mendonça da Silva
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Vianna Pereira
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
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Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Pesticide Exposure in Male Coffee Farmworkers of the Jarabacoa Region, Dominican Republic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081641. [PMID: 30081446 PMCID: PMC6121533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intensive agrochemical use in coffee production in the Global South has been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of pesticide exposure in male farmworkers in the Dominican Republic comparing conventional farming using pesticides to organic farming. Furthermore, feasibility of the buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCA) for field studies under difficult local conditions was tested. In a cross-sectional field study, pesticide exposed (sprayers) and non-exposed male workers on coffee plantations were interviewed about exposure history, and pesticide application practices. Buccal cells were sampled, and BMCA was applied to assess potential effects on cell integrity. In total, 38 pesticide-exposed and 33 non-exposed workers participated. Eighty-four and 87%, respectively, of the pesticide-exposed respondents did not use masks or gloves at all. All biomarkers from the BMCA were significantly more frequent among exposed workers—odds ratio for micronucleated cells: 3.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.3–7.4) or karyolysis: 1.3 (1.1–1.5). Buccal cells as sensitive markers of toxic oral or respiratory exposures proved feasible for challenging field studies. Our findings indicate that the impact of pesticide use is not restricted to acute effects on health and wellbeing, but also points to long-term health risks. Therefore, occupational safety measures including training and protective clothing are needed, as well as encouragement towards minimal application of pesticides and more widespread use of organic farming.
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Santos Filho EXD, Arantes DAC, Oton Leite AF, Batista AC, Mendonça EFD, Marreto RN, Naves LN, Lima EM, Valadares MC. Randomized clinical trial of a mucoadhesive formulation containing curcuminoids (Zingiberaceae) and Bidens pilosa Linn (Asteraceae) extract (FITOPROT) for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis - phase I study. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 291:228-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Setayesh T, Nersesyan A, Mišík M, Ferk F, Langie S, Andrade VM, Haslberger A, Knasmüller S. Impact of obesity and overweight on DNA stability: Few facts and many hypotheses. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 777:64-91. [PMID: 30115431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Health authorities are alarmed worldwide about the increase of obesity and overweight in the last decades which lead to adverse health effects including inflammation, cancer, accelerated aging and infertility. We evaluated the state of knowledge concerning the impact of elevated body mass on genomic instability. Results of investigations with humans (39 studies) in which DNA damage was monitored in lymphocytes and sperm cells, are conflicting and probably as a consequence of heterogeneous study designs and confounding factors (e.g. uncontrolled intake of vitamins and minerals and consumption of different food types). Results of animal studies with defined diets (23 studies) are more consistent and show that excess body fat causes DNA damage in multiple organs including brain, liver, colon and testes. Different molecular mechanisms may cause genetic instability in overweight/obese individuals. ROS formation and lipid peroxidation were found in several investigations and may be caused by increased insulin, fatty acid and glucose levels or indirectly via inflammation. Also reduced DNA repair and formation of advanced glycation end products may play a role but more data are required to draw firm conclusions. Reduction of telomere lengths and hormonal imbalances are characteristic for overweight/obesity but the former effects are delayed and moderate and hormonal effects were not investigated in regard to genomic instability in obese individuals. Increased BMI values affect also the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes which activate/detoxify genotoxic carcinogens, but no studies concerning the impact of these alterations of DNA damage in obese individuals are available. Overall, the knowledge concerning the impact of increased body weight and DNA damage is poor and further research is warranted to shed light on this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Langie
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celulare Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Brazil
| | | | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Cunha AS, Castillo WO, Takahashi CS, Küchler EC, Segato RAB, da Silva LAB, Romano FL, Matsumoto MAN, Nelson-Filho P. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Haas appliance in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells during orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 2018; 88:590-595. [PMID: 29761706 DOI: 10.2319/101117-687.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Haas appliances through micronuclei test and cytogenetic damage analysis in buccal mucosa epithelial cells of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients, 6-12 years of age and of both genders, who required a Haas appliance for the correction of a posterior crossbite were included. Epithelial cells from the mucosa were collected by gently scraping the inside of both the right and left cheeks. The cells were collected before the insertion of the appliance (T0), 1 month after the device was installed (T1), and again 3 months after the appliance was immobilized (T2). The cells were processed to obtain slides. Feulgen/Fast Green was used as the staining method, and the number of normal, karyolytic, pyknotic, nuclear buds, bi/trinucleated, and micronucleus cells were counted under light microscopy. Cellular abnormalities were evaluated with parametric and nonparametric tests for comparison of the means by analysis of variance testing, Tukey posttest, or the Kruskal-Wallis test and then by Dunn's posttest. The significance level was 5%. RESULTS There were no statistically significant changes in the micronuclei in the evaluated periods ( P > .05). Nuclear buds increased at T1 ( P < .05), returning to baseline levels at T2. Other abnormalities (cariolytic, pyknotic, and bi/trinucleated cells) showed a significant increase at T1 and T2 ( P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The Haas appliance did not cause an increase in micronuclei in cells of the buccal mucosa. However, statistically significant increases in cariolytic, pyknotic, and bi/trinucleated cells were observed during treatment, suggesting possible DNA damage.
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Antoniazzi RP, Lago FB, Jardim LC, Sagrillo MR, Ferrazzo KL, Feldens CA. Impact of crack cocaine use on the occurrence of oral lesions and micronuclei. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:888-895. [PMID: 29336931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of oral lesions and micronuclei in crack cocaine users. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 106 crack users and 106 non-users matched for age, sex, and tobacco use. Socio-demographic characteristics, the consumption of psychoactive substances, and the occurrence of fundamental lesions were investigated. Cellular changes in the oral mucosa (karyolysis, karyorrhexis, 'broken egg' events, and micronuclei) were determined by exfoliative cytology for 54 participants in each group. Crack users had a greater occurrence of fundamental lesions (P=0.001). Furthermore, they had higher mean occurrences of micronuclei (17.25 vs. 3.80), karyolysis (12.39 vs. 9.46), and karyorrhexis (30.39 vs. 10.11) (number per 1000 cells) than non-users (all P<0.05). No difference between the groups was found with regard to broken egg events (P>0.05). After controlling for confounding variables, fundamental lesions were 2.02-fold more frequent and micronuclei were 3.54-fold more frequent in crack users. Crack use was found to be associated with clinical and cellular changes in the oral mucosa. These findings can contribute to the planning of health care for individuals who are dependent on street drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Antoniazzi
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Health and Life Sciences Programme, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - F B Lago
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L C Jardim
- Health and Life Sciences Programme, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M R Sagrillo
- Biomedicine Programme, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - K L Ferrazzo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C A Feldens
- Postgraduate Programme in Dentistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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