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Tissue microarray (TMA) use in post mortem neuropathology. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 347:108963. [PMID: 33007345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue microarrays (TMAs), where each block (and thus section) contains multiple tissue cores from multiple blocks potentially allow more efficient use of tissue, reagents and time in neuropathology. NEW METHOD The relationship between data from TMA cores and whole sections was investigated using 'virtual' TMA cores. This involved quantitative assessments of microglial pathology in white matter lesions and motor neuron disease, alongside qualitative TDP-43 inclusion status in motor neuron disease cases. Following this, a protocol was developed for TMA construction. RESULTS For microglial pathology we found good concordance between virtual cores and whole sections for volume density using one 1.75 mm core (equivalent to a 2 mm core after accounting for peripheral tissue loss). More sophisticated microglial cell size and measures required two cores. Qualitative results of pTDP-43 pathology showed use of one 1.75 mm core gave a 100 % sensitivity and specificity within grey matter, and 88.3 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity within white matter. A method of producing the TMAs was suitable for immunohistochemistry both manually and by autostainer, with the minimal core loss from the microscope slide. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS TMAs have been used infrequently in post mortem neuropathology research. However, we believe TMAs give comparable tissue assessment results and can be constructed, sectioned and stained with relative ease. CONCLUSIONS We found TMAs could be used to assess both quantitative (microglial pathology) and qualitative pathology (TDP-43 proteinopathy) with greatly reduced quantities of tissue, time and reagents. These could be used for further work to improve data acquisition efficiency.
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Non-small cell lung cancer with loss of expression of the SWI/SNF complex is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, PD-L1-positive status, and high tumor mutation burden. Lung Cancer 2019; 138:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Nakajima N, Yoshizawa A, Nakajima T, Hirata M, Furuhata A, Sumiyoshi S, Rokutan-Kurata M, Sonobe M, Menju T, Miyamoto E, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Date H, Haga H. GATA6-positive lung adenocarcinomas are associated with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma morphology, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α expression, and KRAS mutations. Histopathology 2018; 73:38-48. [PMID: 29469192 DOI: 10.1111/his.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS GATA6 is known to play a role in lung development. However, its role in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer is not well studied. The aim of this study was to analyse GATA6 expression in lung adenocarcinomas (LAs) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in order to define its association with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS IHC analysis of GATA6 was performed with tissue microarray slides containing 348 LAs. The association between GATA6 expression and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. GATA6 expression in epithelial tumours other than lung cancer was also evaluated. GATA6 expression was found in 47 LAs (13.5%). This occurred more frequently in younger patients (P = 0.005), and was associated with the absence of lymph node metastasis (P =0.024), well-differentiated to moderately differentiated tumours (P < 0.001), the absence of lymphatic invasion (P = 0.020), and the absence of vascular invasion (P = 0.011). GATA6 expression was associated with mucin production (P < 0.001), the invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma subtype (P < 0.001), KRAS mutations (P = 0.026), expression of MUC2 (P < 0.001), CDX2 (P = 0.049), and MUC5AC (P < 0.001), and absence of expression of TTF-1 (P = 0.002). GATA6 expression was also associated with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) expression (P < 0.001). GATA6 expression tended to indicate better prognoses, whereas patients with HNF4α expression had significantly worse prognoses (P = 0.033). Of 270 tumours other than lung cancer, 110 expressed GATA6. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GATA6 might interact with HNF4α and contribute to the development of mucinous-type LAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakajima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Furuhata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Sumiyoshi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Sonobe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ei Miyamoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Nystad M, Sitras V, Nordbakken CV, Pedersen MI, Acharya G. Laeverin protein expression in normal and preeclamptic placentas using tissue microarray analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97:536-544. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nystad
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group; Department of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Hospital of North Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Vasilis Sitras
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Obstetrics; Fetal Medicine; Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | | | - Mona Irene Pedersen
- Translational Cancer Research Group; Department of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group; Department of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Hospital of North Norway; Tromsø Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
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Munari E, Zamboni G, Marconi M, Sommaggio M, Brunelli M, Martignoni G, Netto GJ, Moretta F, Mingari MC, Salgarello M, Terzi A, Picece V, Pomari C, Lunardi G, Cavazza A, Rossi G, Moretta L, Bogina G. PD-L1 expression heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer: evaluation of small biopsies reliability. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90123-90131. [PMID: 29163815 PMCID: PMC5685736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors, allowing recovery of effector cells function, has demonstrated to be highly effective in many tumor types and represents a true revolution in oncology. Recently, the anti-PD1 agent pembrolizumab was granted FDA approval for the first line treatment of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors show PD-L1 expression in ≥ 50% of neoplastic cells and as a second line treatment for patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 in ≥1% of neoplastic cells, evaluated with a validated assay. For the large majority of patients such evaluation is made on small biopsies. However, small tissue samples such as core biopsies might not be representative of tumors and may show divergent results given the possible heterogeneous immunoexpression of the biomarker. We therefore sought to evaluate PD-L1 expression concordance in a cohort of 239 patients using tissue microarrays (TMA) as surrogates of biopsies stained with a validated PD-L1 immunohistochemical assay (SP263) and report the degree of discordance among tissue cores in order to understand how such heterogeneity could affect decisions regarding therapy. We observed a discordance rate of 20% and 7.9% and a Cohen's κ value of 0.53 (moderate) and 0,48 (moderate) for ≥ 1% and ≥ 50% cutoffs, respectively. Our results suggest that caution must be taken when evaluating single biopsies from patients with advanced NSCLC eligible for immunotherapy; moreover, at least 4 biopsies are necessary in order to minimize the risk of tumor misclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Munari
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy.,Department of Pathology AOUI, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zamboni
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Marcella Marconi
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Marco Sommaggio
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology AOUI, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Martignoni
- Department of Pathology AOUI, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Francesca Moretta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Salgarello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Alberto Terzi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Picece
- Department of Oncology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Carlo Pomari
- Department of Pulmonology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lunardi
- Department of Oncology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- Department of Pathology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova/IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Azienda USL Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Research Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesu Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bogina
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
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Rokutan-Kurata M, Yoshizawa A, Sumiyoshi S, Sonobe M, Menju T, Momose M, Koyama M, Shigeto S, Fujimoto M, Zhang M, Morita S, Date H, Haga H. Lung Adenocarcinoma With MUC4 Expression Is Associated With Smoking Status, HER2 Protein Expression, and Poor Prognosis: Clinicopathologic Analysis of 338 Cases. Clin Lung Cancer 2017; 18:e273-e281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Muftah AA, Aleskandarany MA, Al-Kaabi MM, Sonbul SN, Diez-Rodriguez M, Nolan CC, Caldas C, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. Ki67 expression in invasive breast cancer: the use of tissue microarrays compared with whole tissue sections. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 164:341-348. [PMID: 28478613 PMCID: PMC5487701 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prognostic value of Ki67 in breast cancer is well documented, using optimal cut-points for patient stratification, reproducibility of the scoring and interpretation of the results remains a matter of debate particularly when using tissue microarrays (TMAs). This study aims to assess Ki67 expression assessed on TMAs and their matched whole tissue sections (WTS). Moreover, whether the cut-off used for WTS is reproducible on TMA in BC molecular classes and the association between Ki67 expression cut-off, assessed on TMAs and WTS, and clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome were tested. METHOD A large series (n = 707) of primary invasive breast tumours were immunostained for Ki67 using both TMA and WTS and assessed as percentage staining and correlated with each other, clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. In addition, MKI67 mRNA expression was correlated with Ki67 protein levels on WTS and TMAs in a subset of cases included in the METABRIC study. RESULTS There was moderate concordance in Ki67 expression between WTS and TMA when analysed as a continuous variable (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.61) and low concordance when dichotomised (kappa value = 0.3). TMA showed low levels of Ki67 with mean percentage of expression of 35 and 22% on WTS and TMA, respectively. MKI67 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with protein expression determined on WTS (Spearman Correlation, r = 0.52) and to a lesser extent on TMA (r = 0.34) (p < 0.001). Regarding prediction of patient outcome, statistically significant differences were detected upon stratification of patients with tumours expressing Ki67 at 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30% in TMA. Using TMA, ≥20% Ki67 provided the best prognostic cut-off particularly in triple-negative and HER2-positive classes. CONCLUSION Ki67 expression in breast cancer can be evaluated using TMA although different cut-points are required to emulate results from WTS. A cut-off of ≥20% for Ki67 expression in BC provides the best prognostic correlations when TMAs are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir A Muftah
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Methaq M Al-Kaabi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Al Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sultan N Sonbul
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maria Diez-Rodriguez
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris C Nolan
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
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Neves-Silva R, Fonseca FP, de Jesus AS, Pontes HAR, Rocha AC, Brandão TB, Vargas PA, Lopes MA, de Almeida OP, Santos-Silva AR. Tissue microarray use for immunohistochemical study of ameloblastoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:704-711. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Neves-Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza de Jesus
- Service of Oral Pathology; João de Barros Barreto University Hospital; Federal University of Pará; Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Hélder Antônio Rebelo Pontes
- Service of Oral Pathology; João de Barros Barreto University Hospital; Federal University of Pará; Belém Pará Brazil
| | - André Caroli Rocha
- Medical School; Clinics Hospital; University of São Paulo; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thais Bianca Brandão
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Pretoria; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
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Digital pathology for the validation of tissue microarrays in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 22:577-84. [PMID: 24897068 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3182a7d16d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systematic validation of construction and analysis parameters when using tissue microarray (TMA) in rare, morphologically heterogenous entities such as peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is not reported. We describe a tissue-saving virtual TMA to predetermine the number of cores needed to represent whole tissue sections (WTS) from the same biopsies, using automated and traditional manual methods for the quantification of immunohistochemical stains. Whole paraffin hematoxylin and eosin- and immunohistochemical (CD2, CD30, and Ki-67)-stained sections from 30 PTCLs were digitalized. A virtual TMA with six 1-mm cores per slide was designed to compare agreements in the immunohistochemical scoring. Using digital image analysis and manual stereological counting, immunohistochemical positivity was quantified. Associations were analyzed using the Bland-Altman and correlation plots. In PTCL, we report that 4 cores are required to represent WTS results (ie, agreement within ±10%). High concordance was demonstrated between digital results obtained with WTS compared with 4-core virtual TMA (correlation coefficients: 0.89-0.98), and in the comparative evaluation of 4-core virtual TMA by digital image analysis versus manual stereology (correlation coefficients: 0.91 to 0.99). Virtual TMAs provide an efficient tool for optimizing and validating TMA construction parameters when planning a study. The method can be applied to the same tissues used in a subsequent formal study, without wasting scarce tissue resources. In PTCL, TMAs constructed with four 1-mm cores are representative of WTS. In parallel tests using TMAs and WTS from PTCLs, there is a high level of agreement comparing automated digital with manual stereological methods for the quantification of immunohistochemical biomarker staining.
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Tissue microarray is a reliable method for immunohistochemical analysis of pleomorphic adenoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 117:81-8. [PMID: 24332331 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the most adequate number and size of tissue microarray (TMA) cores for pleomorphic adenoma immunohistochemical studies. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-two pleomorphic adenoma cases were distributed in 3 TMA blocks assembled in triplicate containing 1.0-, 2.0-, and 3.0-mm cores. Immunohistochemical analysis against cytokeratin 7, Ki67, p63, and CD34 were performed and subsequently evaluated with PixelCount, nuclear, and microvessel software applications. RESULTS The 1.0-mm TMA presented lower results than 2.0- and 3.0-mm TMAs versus conventional whole section slides. Possibly because of an increased amount of stromal tissue, 3.0-mm cores presented a higher microvessel density. Comparing the results obtained with one, two, and three 2.0-mm cores, there was no difference between triplicate or duplicate TMAs and a single-core TMA. CONCLUSIONS Considering the possible loss of cylinders during immunohistochemical reactions, 2.0-mm TMAs in duplicate are a more reliable approach for pleomorphic adenoma immunohistochemical study.
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Tran TN, Selinger CI, Yu B, Ng CC, Kohonen-Corish MRJ, McCaughan B, Kennedy C, O'Toole SA, Cooper WA. Alterations of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor gene copy number and protein expression are common in non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:985-91. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimsInsulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) is a tyrosine kinase membrane receptor involved in tumourigenesis that may be a potential therapeutic target. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prognostic significance of alterations in IGF1R copy number, and IGF1R protein expression in resected primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and lymph node metastases.MethodsIGF1R gene copy number status was evaluated by chromogenic silver in situ hybridisation and IGF1R protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray sections from a retrospective cohort of 309 surgically resected NSCLCs and results were compared with clinicopathological features, including EGFR and KRAS mutational status and patient survival.ResultsIGF1R gene copy number status was positive (high polysomy or amplification) in 29.2% of NSCLC, and 12.1% exhibited IGF1R gene amplification. High IGF1R expression was found in 28.3%. There was a modest correlation between IGF1R gene copy number and protein expression (r=0.2, p<0.05). Alterations of IGF1R gene copy number and protein expression in primary tumours were significantly associated with alterations in lymph node metastases (p<0.01). High IGF1R gene copy number and protein expression was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) compared with other subtypes of NSCLC (p<0.05). There were no other associations between IGF1R status and other clinicopathological features including patient age, gender, smoking status, tumour size, stage, grade, EGFR or KRAS mutational status or overall survival.ConclusionsHigh IGF1R gene copy number and protein overexpression are frequent in NSCLC, particularly in SCCs, but they are not prognostically relevant.
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Buishand FO, Visser J, Kik M, Gröne A, Keesler RI, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Kirpensteijn J. Evaluation of prognostic indicators using validated canine insulinoma tissue microarrays. Vet J 2014; 201:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Pøhl M, Olsen KE, Holst R, Ditzel HJ, Hansen O. Tissue Microarrays in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Reliability of Immunohistochemically-Determined Biomarkers. Clin Lung Cancer 2014; 15:222-230.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zerati M, Leite KRM, Pontes-Junior J, Segre CC, Reis ST, Srougi M, Dall'Oglio MF. Carbonic Anhydrase IX is not a predictor of outcomes in non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma - a digital analysis of tissue microarray. Int Braz J Urol 2014; 39:484-92. [PMID: 24054396 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2013.04.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The knowledge about the molecular biology of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is evolving, and Carbonic Anhydrase type IX (CA-IX) has emerged as a potential prognostic marker in this challenging disease. However, most of the literature about CA-IX on ccRCC comes from series on metastatic cancer, with a lack of series on non-metastatic cancer. The objective is to evaluate the expression of CA-IX in a cohort of non-metastatic ccRCC, correlating with 1) overall survival, and 2) with established prognostic parameters (T stage, tumor size, Fuhrman nuclear grade, microvascular invasion and peri-renal fat invasion). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. We evaluated 95 patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, as to the expression of CA-IX. The analyzed parameters where: overall survival (OS), TNM stage, tumor size (TS), Fuhrman nuclear grade (FNG), microvascular invasion (MVI), peri-renal fat invasion (PFI). We utilized a custom built tissue microarray, and the immunoexpression was digitally quantified using the Photoshop ® software. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 7.9 years (range 1.9 to 19.5 years). The analysis of CA-IX expression against the selected prognostic parameters showed no correlation. The results are as follows: Overall survival (p = 0.790); T stage (p = 0.179); tumor size (p = 0.143); grouped Fuhrman nuclear grade (p = 0.598); microvascular invasion (p = 0.685), and peri-renal fat invasion (p = 0.104). CONCLUSION Carbonic anhydrase type IX expression does not correlate with overall survival and conventional prognostic parameters in non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Zerati
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Uro-Oncology Group, Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Yip PY, Cooper WA, Kohonen-Corish MRJ, Lin BPC, McCaughan BC, Boyer MJ, Kench JG, Horvath LG. Phosphorylated Akt expression is a prognostic marker in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Pathol 2013; 67:333-40. [PMID: 24265323 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the prognostic significance of pAkt expression in order to identify high-risk stage IB patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in an exploratory study. METHODS We identified 471 consecutive patients with stage IB primary NSCLC according to the American Joint Commission on Cancer 6th edition tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, who underwent surgical resection between 1990 and 2008. Patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatments were excluded. Pathology reports were reviewed, and pathological characteristics were extracted. Expression of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) in both cytoplasmic and nuclear locations was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and clinicopathological factors were analysed against 10-year overall survival using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS 455 (96.6%) cancers were adequate for pAkt immunohistochemical analysis. The prevalence of pAkt expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cancers was 60.7% and 43.7%, respectively. Patients whose cancers expressed higher levels of cytoplasmic pAkt had a trend towards longer overall survival than those with lower levels (p=0.06). Conversely, patients whose cancers expressed higher levels of nuclear pAkt had a poorer prognosis than those with lower levels of expression (p=0.02). Combined low cytoplasmic/high nuclear expression of pAkt was an independent predictor of overall survival (HR=2.86 (95% CI 1.35 to 6.04); p=0.006) when modelled with age (HR=1.05 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.07); p<0.001), extent of operation (HR=2.11 (95% CI 1.48 to 3.01); p<0.001), visceral pleural invasion (HR=1.63 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.15); p<0.001), gender, tumour size, histopathological type and grade (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Level of expression of pAkt in the cytoplasm and nucleus is an independent prognostic factor that may help to select patients with high-risk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Yip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Detecting EGFR alterations in clinical specimens—pitfalls and necessities. Virchows Arch 2013; 463:755-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cantile M, Collina F, Scognamiglio G, Di Bonito M, Franco R, Botti G. Inadequacy of tissue microarrays for the immunohistochemical detection of cancer stem cells in solid tumors: a viewpoint. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 13:1139-41. [PMID: 24099570 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.845341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale", via Mariano Semmola 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Determination of Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ Lymphocytes in Human Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2013; 32:269-76. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e31826a63f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Peters KM, Edwards SL, Nair SS, French JD, Bailey PJ, Salkield K, Stein S, Wagner S, Francis GD, Clark SJ, Brown MA. Androgen receptor expression predicts breast cancer survival: the role of genetic and epigenetic events. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:132. [PMID: 22471922 PMCID: PMC3349557 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer outcome, including response to therapy, risk of metastasis and survival, is difficult to predict using currently available methods, highlighting the urgent need for more informative biomarkers. Androgen receptor (AR) has been implicated in breast carcinogenesis however its potential to be an informative biomarker has yet to be fully explored. In this study, AR protein levels were determined in a cohort of 73 Grade III invasive breast ductal adenocarcinomas. METHODS The levels of Androgen receptor protein in a cohort of breast tumour samples was determined by immunohistochemistry and the results were compared with clinical characteristics, including survival. The role of defects in the regulation of Androgen receptor gene expression were examined by mutation and methylation screening of the 5' end of the gene, reporter assays of the 5' and 3' end of the AR gene, and searching for miRNAs that may regulate AR gene expression. RESULTS AR was expressed in 56% of tumours and expression was significantly inversely associated with 10-year survival (P = 0.004). An investigation into the mechanisms responsible for the loss of AR expression revealed that hypermethylation of the AR promoter is associated with loss of AR expression in breast cancer cells but not in primary breast tumours. In AR negative breast tumours, mutation screening identified the same mutation (T105A) in the 5'UTR of two AR negative breast cancer patients but not reported in the normal human population. Reporter assay analysis of this mutation however found no evidence for a negative impact on AR 5'UTR activity. The role of miR-124 in regulating AR expression was also investigated, however no evidence for this was found. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential for AR expression to be an informative biomarker for breast cancer survival and sets the scene for a more comprehensive investigation of the molecular basis of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St, Lucia 4072 Queensland, Australia
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Karlsson C, Helenius G, Fernandes O, Karlsson MG. Oestrogen receptor β in NSCLC - prevalence, proliferative influence, prognostic impact and smoking. APMIS 2011; 120:451-8. [PMID: 22583357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) there are gender differences. The female gender is associated with more adenocarcinomas (ADCA), among both smokers and non-smokers compared to men. Women with NSCLC have a better prognosis compared to men, regardless of other factors. A possible role for oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling has been proposed. The role for ERβ in NSCLC is still not clear, especially concerning the impact of smoking. In a material of NSCLC (n = 262), ERβ and cyclins A1 and A2 were studied by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue. In 137 of those cases, frozen material was available, on which expression analysis of ESR2 (ERβ) and cyclin A1 were performed. Data were correlated to histology, gender, smoking habits, stage and clinical outcome. ERβ was expressed in 86% of the cases. ERβ was most frequently expressed in Stage I ADCAs, especially in male subjects. A correlation between ERβ expression and cyclins was observed in ADCA, also with a male predominance. ERβ transcripts had a positive prognostic impact in ADCA. ERβ transcripts were increased in NSCLC among smokers compared to non-smokers. In conclusion, our data support a role for ERβ in lung ADCAs, proposing a role for ERβ in lungcarcinogenesis, especially among smokers.
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