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Makker K, Zhang M, Wang G, Hong X, Aziz KB, Wang X. Maternal and fetal factors affecting cord plasma leptin and adiponectin levels and their ratio in preterm and term newborns: New insight on fetal origins of metabolic dysfunction. PRECISION NUTRITION 2022; 1:e00013. [PMID: 36968193 PMCID: PMC10035290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding of maternal and fetal factors affecting leptin, adiponectin and adiponectin: leptin ratio at birth, may provide valuable insights into potential future risk of metabolic alterations and inform primordial prevention and precision nutrition strategies. Objective To identify maternal and fetal risk factors that affect leptin and adiponectin levels (markers of adiposity) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (a marker of dysfunctional adipose tissue) at birth. Methods We studied mother-infant pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort. Cord blood was collected at birth. We used student t-tests to compare log normalized cord leptin and adiponectin levels. Regression analysis were performed to examine the association of maternal and fetal factors with leptin and adiponectin levels and adiponectin: leptin ratio at birth in both term and preterm infants. Results We analyzed 1012 infants (245 preterm). Both cord leptin and adiponectin were higher in term infants than preterm infants (10.2 ± 0.9 vs. 9.2 ± 1.3, p < 0.0001 and 9.5 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8, p < 0.0001 respectively). Cord leptin was higher for Black infants (10.1 ± 1.1 vs. 9.9 ± 1.2; p < 0.001) although Black (ref: non Black) infants had lower cord adiponectin levels (9.3 ± 0.8 vs. 9.5 ± 0.7; p = 0.01). Ratio of adiponectin to leptin (log normalized) was higher in preterm infants (-0.24) vs. term infants (-0.69). On regression analysis cord leptin was positively associated with longer gestational age, birth weight z score, Black race, maternal overweight and obesity, gestational diabetes and pregestational diabetes mellitus and negatively associated with male sex. Cord adiponectin was positively associated with gestational age, birth weight z score and negatively with Black race and male sex. Adiponectin: leptin ratio was positively with male sex and negatively with GA, birth wt. z score, Black race, gestational DM, pregestational DM and maternal overweight and obesity. Conclusion We identified several factors that affect leptin and adiponectin levels along with adiponectin-leptin ratio at birth beyond GA and birth weight which could also play an important role in influencing the trajectory of these hormones and future cardio metabolic outcomes. This knowledge can help tailor precision nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikeya Makker
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Khyzer B. Aziz
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Makker K, Zhang M, Wang G, Hong X, Aziz KB, Wang X. Maternal and fetal factors affecting cord plasma leptin and adiponectin levels and their ratio in preterm and term newborns: New insight on fetal origins of metabolic dysfunction. PRECISION NUTRITION 2022; 1:e00013. [PMID: 37745945 PMCID: PMC10035290 DOI: 10.1097/pn9.0000000000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding of maternal and fetal factors affecting leptin, adiponectin, and adiponectin:leptin ratio at birth may provide valuable insights into potential future risk of metabolic alterations and inform primordial prevention and precision nutrition strategies. The objective of this study is to identify maternal and fetal risk factors that affect leptin and adiponectin levels (markers of adiposity) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (a marker of dysfunctional adipose tissue) at birth. Methods We studied mother-infant pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort. Cord blood was collected at birth. We used student t- tests to compare log normalized cord leptin and adiponectin levels. Regression analysis was performed to examine the association of maternal and fetal factors with leptin and adiponectin levels and adiponectin:leptin ratio at birth in both term and preterm infants. Results We analyzed 1012 infants (245 preterm). Both cord leptin and adiponectin were higher in term infants than preterm infants (10.2 ± 0.9 vs. 9.2 ± 1.3, P < 0.0001 and 9.5 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8, P < 0.0001, respectively). Cord leptin was higher for Black infants (10.1 ± 1.1 vs. 9.9 ± 1.2; P < 0.001) although Black (ref: non-Black) infants had lower cord adiponectin levels (9.3 ± 0.8 vs. 9.5 ± 0.7; P = 0.01). Ratio of adiponectin to leptin (log normalized) was higher in preterm infants (-0.24) vs. term infants (-0.69). On regression analysis, cord leptin was positively associated with longer gestational age (GA), birth weight z score, Black race, maternal overweight and obesity, gestational diabetes and pregestational diabetes mellitus and negatively associated with male sex. Cord adiponectin was positively associated with GA, birth weight z score and negatively with Black race and male sex. Adiponectin:leptin ratio was positively with male sex and negatively with GA, birth weight z score, Black race, gestational DM, pregestational DM and maternal overweight and obesity. Conclusions We identified several factors that affect leptin and adiponectin levels along with adiponectin-leptin ratio at birth beyond GA and birth weight which could also play an important role in influencing the trajectory of these hormones and future cardiometabolic outcomes. This knowledge can help tailor precision nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikeya Makker
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Khyzer B. Aziz
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Weber KA, Heaphy CM, Joshu CE, Lu J, Rohrmann S, Bienstock JL, Agurs-Collins T, Meeker AK, Platz EA. Racial differences in maternal and umbilical cord blood leukocyte telomere length and their correlations. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:759-767. [PMID: 29980985 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Telomere length at birth sets the baseline for telomere shortening and may influence adult disease risk like cancer. Telomere length is heritable, but may also be a marker of exposures in utero, including those influencing racial differences in risk. We examined racial differences in telomere length in maternal and umbilical cord blood from male neonates, and maternal-neonate correlations to generate hypotheses. METHODS Black and white pregnant women were recruited in 2006-2007 and followed to postpartum. Data came from questionnaires and medical records. Relative telomere length was measured by qPCR in leukocyte DNA. We estimated mean telomere length in mothers and neonates (n = 55 pairs) using linear regression and maternal-cord blood Spearman correlations, overall and by race. RESULTS Black mothers had shorter age- and plate-adjusted telomere length (2.49, 95% CI 2.11-2.86) than whites (2.92, 95% CI 2.63-3.22; p = 0.1) and black neonates had shorter telomere length (2.58, 95% CI 2.16-3.01) than whites (3.13, 95% CI 2.79-3.47; p = 0.1), though not statistically significant. Differences were attenuated after further adjustment for maternal factors. Maternal-cord blood correlations were moderate (r = 0.53, p < 0.0001), and did not differ by race. CONCLUSION Telomere length may differ by race at birth due to both inherited and racial differences in maternal factors. This study was for hypothesis generation and results should be followed up in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari A Weber
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Christopher M Heaphy
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jiayun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica L Bienstock
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Tanya Agurs-Collins
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Influence of In Utero Maternal and Neonate Factors on Cord Blood Leukocyte Telomere Length: Clues to the Racial Disparity in Prostate Cancer? Prostate Cancer 2016; 2016:3691650. [PMID: 28070423 PMCID: PMC5192337 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3691650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Modifiable factors in adulthood that explain the racial disparity in prostate cancer have not been identified. Because racial differences in utero that may account for this disparity are understudied, we investigated the association of maternal and neonate factors with cord blood telomere length, as a cumulative marker of cell proliferation and oxidative damage, by race. Further, we evaluated whether cord blood telomere length differs by race. Methods. We measured venous umbilical cord blood leukocyte relative telomere length by qPCR in 38 black and 38 white full-term male neonates. Using linear regression, we estimated geometric mean relative telomere length and tested for differences by race. Results. Black mothers were younger and had higher parity and black neonates had lower birth and placental weights. These factors were not associated with relative telomere length, even after adjusting for or stratifying by race. Relative telomere length in black (2.72) and white (2.73) neonates did not differ, even after adjusting for maternal or neonate factors (all p > 0.9). Conclusions. Maternal and neonate factors were not associated with cord blood telomere length, and telomere length did not differ by race. These findings suggest that telomere length at birth does not explain the prostate cancer racial disparity.
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Zhou CK, Sutcliffe S, Welsh J, Mackinnon K, Kuh D, Hardy R, Cook MB. Is birthweight associated with total and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer risks? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:839-48. [PMID: 26930450 PMCID: PMC4955914 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been hypothesised that intrauterine exposures are important for subsequent prostate cancer risk. Prior epidemiological studies have used birthweight as a proxy of cumulative intrauterine exposures to test this hypothesis, but results have been inconsistent partly because of limited statistical power. Methods: We investigated birthweight in relation to prostate cancer in the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) using Cox proportional hazards models. We then conducted a meta-analysis of birthweight in relation to total and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer risks, combining results from the NSHD analysis with 13 additional studies on this relationship identified from a systematic search in four major scientific literature databases through January 2015. Results: Random-effects models found that per kg increase in birthweight was positively associated with total (OR=1.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.00, 1.05; I2=13%) and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer (OR=1.08, 95% CI=0.99, 1.19; I2=40%). Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with birthweight extracted from medical records demonstrated stronger positive associations with total (OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.03, 1.19; I2=0%) and aggressive/lethal (OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.09, 1.74; I2=0%) prostate cancer. These studies heavily overlapped with those based in Nordic countries. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that heavier birthweight may be associated with modest increased risks of total and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer, which supports the hypothesis that intrauterine exposures may be related to subsequent prostate cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD 20892-9774, USA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences and the Siteman Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Judith Welsh
- NIH Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen Mackinnon
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD 20892-9774, USA
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Tennekoon KH, Poopalapillai J, Karunanayake AG, Jayasinghe HD, Kumarasiri JM, De S Wijesundera AP, Karunanayake EH. Association of cord blood leptin, soluble leptin receptor, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 on birth indices in healthy full-term newborns. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 81:232-8. [PMID: 24557066 DOI: 10.1159/000356919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) promote fetal growth. Their availability is modulated by soluble leptin receptor (SLR) and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBP). Studies that accounted for SLR levels when investigating the association of leptin, IGF-I and IGFBPs on birth indices are scarce. METHODS Cord blood leptin, SLR, IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and their association with birth indices were studied in term newborns (n = 110; males = 60). Data were compared between males and females using the Mann-Whitney U test/unpaired Student's t test as appropriate. Univariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify variables significantly influencing birth indices. RESULTS Birth indices were comparable between male and female newborns. Females had a significantly lower SLR (p = 0.0142), a higher leptin/Ponderal index (p = 0.033) and a higher free leptin index (leptin/SLR) (p = 0.0081). Leptin and male gender positively and IGFBP-1 negatively influenced birth weight (p = 0.0005, p = 0.02, and p = 0.005, respectively) and head circumference (p = 0.0052, p = 0.0098, and p = 0.0183, respectively) when accounted for other variables. When tested in a different multiple regression model, the free leptin index positively influenced crown-heel length (p = 0.0016) in addition to birth weight (p < 0.0001) and head circumference (p = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS In healthy full-term pregnancies, cord blood leptin and IGFBP-1 exert independent and opposing effects on fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamani H Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Gross AL, Newschaffer CJ, Hoffman-Bolton J, Rifai N, Visvanathan K. Adipocytokines, inflammation, and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1319-24. [PMID: 23651666 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer; it has been postulated that adipocytokines may mediate this association. We explored the relationship between three markers altered by obesity: leptin, adiponectin, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNF-R2), an inflammatory marker, with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. A nested case-control study of postmenopausal women was conducted within CLUE II, a prospective population-based cohort. Baseline plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, and sTNF-R2 were assayed in 272 female breast cancer cases and 272 controls matched on age, date, and hour of blood draw. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate matched odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). sTNF-R2 and leptin were independently positively associated with breast cancer risk in adjusted models. The OR for breast cancer comparing the highest to lowest tertile was 2.44 (95% CI: 1.30-4.58) for sTNF-R2 and 1.98 (95% CI: 1.20-3.29) for leptin. While higher levels of adiponectin were protective (OR for the lowest tertile = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.02-2.60), there was no dose response. A 20% reduction in the breast cancer risk associated with overweight/obesity was observed when sTNF-R2 alone was included in multivariable models. Including both sTNF-R2 and adiponectin in the models resulted in a 29% reduction in the OR. Adipocytokines and sTNF-R2 are important factors in the etiology of postmenopausal breast cancer due to adiposity. This study informs our understanding of the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and postmenopausal breast cancer and identifies potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Dias SJ, Zhou X, Ivanovic M, Gailey MP, Dhar S, Zhang L, He Z, Penman AD, Vijayakumar S, Levenson AS. Nuclear MTA1 overexpression is associated with aggressive prostate cancer, recurrence and metastasis in African Americans. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2331. [PMID: 23900262 PMCID: PMC3728596 DOI: 10.1038/srep02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), a negative epigenetic modifier, plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. We hypothesized that MTA1 overexpression in primary tumor tissues can predict PCa aggressiveness and metastasis. Immunohistochemical staining of MTA1 was done on archival PCa specimens from University of Mississippi Medical Center and University of Iowa. We found that nuclear MTA1 overexpression was positively correlated with the severity of disease progression reaching its highest levels in metastatic PCa. Nuclear MTA1 overexpression was significantly associated with Gleason > 7 tumors in African Americans but not in Caucasians. It was also a predictor of recurrent disease. We concluded that MTA1 nuclear overexpression may be a prognostic indicator and a future therapeutic target for aggressive PCa in African American men. Our findings may be useful for categorizing African American patients with a higher probability of recurrent disease and metastasis from those who are likely to remain metastasis-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Dias
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xinchun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Marina Ivanovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Swati Dhar
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Liangfen Zhang
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Zhi He
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Alan D. Penman
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Srinivasan Vijayakumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Anait S. Levenson
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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