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Silva IMD, Vacario BGL, Okuyama NCM, Barcelos GRM, Fuganti PE, Guembarovski RL, Cólus IMDS, Serpeloni JM. Polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing genes and urinary bladder cancer susceptibility and prognosis: Possible impacts and future management. Gene 2024; 907:148252. [PMID: 38350514 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the association of genetic variants with risks of occupational and environmentally induced cancers, including bladder (BC). The current review summarizes the effects of variants in genes encoding phase I and II enzymes in well-designed studies to highlight their contribution to BC susceptibility and prognosis. Polymorphisms in genes codifying drug-metabolizing proteins are of particular interest because of their involvement in the metabolism of exogenous genotoxic compounds, such as tobacco and agrochemicals. The prognosis between muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive diseases is very different, and it is difficult to predict which will progress worse. Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline were searched to identify studies published between January 1, 2010, and February 2023. We included 73 eligible studies, more than 300 polymorphisms, and 46 genes/loci. The most studied candidate genes/loci of phase I metabolism were CYP1B1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2A6, CYP3E1, and ALDH2, and those in phase II were GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2, GSTP1, GSTA1, GSTO1, and UGT1A1. We used the 46 genes to construct a network of proteins and to evaluate their biological functions based on the Reactome and KEGG databases. Lastly, we assessed their expression in different tissues, including normal bladder and BC samples. The drug-metabolizing pathway plays a relevant role in BC, and our review discusses a list of genes that could provide clues for further exploration of susceptibility and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabely Mayara da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Geovana Leite Vacario
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; Center of Health Sciences, State University of West Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão-Paraná, 85605-010, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Department of Biosciences, Institute for Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11.060-001, Brazil.
| | | | - Roberta Losi Guembarovski
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
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Kourie HR, Zouein J, Succar B, Mardirossian A, Ahmadieh N, Chouery E, Mehawej C, Jalkh N, kattan J, Nemr E. Genetic Polymorphisms Involved in Bladder Cancer: A Global Review. Oncol Rev 2023; 17:10603. [PMID: 38025894 PMCID: PMC10657888 DOI: 10.3389/or.2023.10603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) has been associated with genetic susceptibility. Single peptide polymorphisms (SNPs) can modulate BC susceptibility. A literature search was performed covering the period between January 2000 and October 2020. Overall, 334 articles were selected, reporting 455 SNPs located in 244 genes. The selected 455 SNPs were further investigated. All SNPs that were associated with smoking and environmental exposure were excluded from this study. A total of 197 genes and 343 SNPs were found to be associated with BC, among which 177 genes and 291 SNPs had congruent results across all available studies. These genes and SNPs were classified into eight different categories according to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Zouein
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bahaa Succar
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Avedis Mardirossian
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nizar Ahmadieh
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Cybel Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Jalkh
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph kattan
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Nemr
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhou J, Shao Q. Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1 and Its Dichotomous Roles in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102560. [PMID: 35626163 PMCID: PMC9139801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first identified selenoprotein, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) is a widely and abundantly expressed antioxidant enzyme. GPX1 utilizes glutathione as a substrate to catalyze hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxide, and peroxynitrite, thereby reducing intracellular oxidative stress. The GPX1 gene is regulated at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels. Numerous case-control studies and meta-analyses have assessed the association between a functional genetic polymorphism of the GPX1 gene, named Pro198Leu (rs1050450 C>T), and cancer susceptibility in different populations. GPX1 polymorphism has type-specific effects as a candidate marker for cancer risk, but the association between GPX1 variants and cancer susceptibility remains controversial in different studies. GPX1 is abnormally elevated in most types of cancer but has complex dichotomous roles as tumor suppressor and promoter in different cancers. GPX1 can participate in various signaling pathways to regulate tumor biological behaviors, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, immune response, and chemoresistance. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the controversial associations between GPX1 polymorphism and cancer risks and further discuss the relationships between the aberrant expressions of GPX1 and tumorigenesis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical significance of GPX1 as a potential prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target in various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjing Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Jingdong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an 223005, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Q.S.)
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Survival of Laryngeal Cancer Patients Depending on Zinc Serum Level and Oxidative Stress Genotypes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060865. [PMID: 34200699 PMCID: PMC8228711 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress contributes to various aspects of malignancy and could influence survival in laryngeal cancer patients. Among antioxidant mechanisms, zinc and the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2, catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 play a major role. The aim of this study was a prospective evaluation of the survival of patients with laryngeal cancer in relation to serum levels of zinc in combination with functional genotype differences of three key antioxidant enzymes. The study group consisted of 300 patients treated surgically for laryngeal cancer. Serum zinc levels and common polymorphisms in SOD2, CAT and GPX1 were analyzed. The risk of death in patients with the lowest zinc levels was increased in comparison with patients with the highest levels. Polymorphisms of antioxidant genes by themselves were not correlated with survival, however, serum zinc level impact on survival was stronger for SOD2 TC/TT and CAT CC variants. GPX1 polymorphisms did not correlate with zinc levels regarding survival. In conclusion, serum zinc concentration appears to be an important prognostic factor for survival of patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. When higher zinc levels were correlated with polymorphisms in SOD2 and CAT a further increase in survival was observed.
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Rotimi SO, Rotimi OA, Salhia B. A Review of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Studies in Africa. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606400. [PMID: 33659210 PMCID: PMC7917259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is projected to overtake infectious disease as the leading cause of mortality in Africa within the next two decades. Cancer is a group of genomic diseases that presents with intra- and inter-population unique phenotypes, with Black populations having the burden of morbidity and mortality for most types. At large, the prevention and treatment of cancers have been propelled by the understanding of the genetic make-up of the disease of mostly non-African populations. By the same token, there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the underlying genetic causes of, and genomic alterations associated with, cancer among black Africans. Accordingly, we performed a review of the literature to survey existing studies on cancer genetics/genomics and curated findings pertaining to publications across multiple cancer types conducted on African populations. We used PubMed MeSH terms to retrieve the relevant publications from 1990 to December 2019. The metadata of these publications were extracted using R text mining packages: RISmed and Pubmed.mineR. The data showed that only 0.329% of cancer publications globally were on Africa, and only 0.016% were on cancer genetics/genomics from Africa. Although the most prevalent cancers in Africa are cancers of the breast, cervix, uterus, and prostate, publications representing breast, colorectal, liver, and blood cancers were the most frequent in our review. The most frequently reported cancer genes were BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. Next, the genes reported in the reviewed publications’ abstracts were extracted and annotated into three gene ontology classes. Genes in the cellular component class were mostly associated with cell part and organelle part, while those in biological process and molecular function classes were mainly associated with cell process, biological regulation, and binding, and catalytic activity, respectively. Overall, this review highlights the paucity of research on cancer genomics on African populations, identified gaps, and discussed the need for concerted efforts to encourage more research on cancer genomics in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi A Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Zhou T, Li HY, Xie WJ, Zhong Z, Zhong H, Lin ZJ. Association of Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphism with bladder Cancer susceptibility. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1088. [PMID: 30419877 PMCID: PMC6233535 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between the glutathione S-transferase μ1 (GSTM1)- and glutathione S-transferase θ1 (GSTT1)- null genotypes and susceptibility to bladder cancer. METHODS We identified association reports from the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the China Biological Medicine Database (CBM disc) on July 1, 2017 and synthesized eligible investigations. Results were expressed using odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous data, and we also calculated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In this meta-analysis, we found that the GSTM1-null genotype was associated with bladder cancer risk in the overall population, and individually in whites, Africans and Asians (overall population: OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.31-1.48, P<0.00001; whites: OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.26-1.54, P<0.00001; Africans: OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.16-2.05, P = 0.003; Asians: OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.33-1.59, P<0.00001). The GSTT1-null genotype was associated with bladder cancer risk in the overall population, but not in whites, in Africans or Asians (overall population: OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.22, P = 0.03; whites: OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.99-1.36, P = 0.07; Africans: OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.65-1.76, P = 0.79; Asians: OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.91-1.22, P = 0.51). Interestingly, a dual-null GSTM1-GSTT1 genotype was associated with bladder cancer risk in the overall population and in Asians (overall population: OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.92, P = 0.002; Asians: OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.15-2.28, P = 0.006). In conclusion, the GSTM1-null, GSTT1-null and dual-null GSTM1-GSTT1 genotypes might be associated with the onset of bladder cancer, but additional genetic-epidemiological studies should be conducted to explore this association further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ji Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Zhiqing Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Hongzhen Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Zhi-Jun Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 China
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Yu C, Hequn C, Longfei L, Long W, Zhi C, Feng Z, Jinbo C, Chao L, Xiongbing Z. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms are associated with increased bladder cancer risk: Evidence from updated meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3246-3258. [PMID: 27911277 PMCID: PMC5356879 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and bladder cancer susceptibility, but the results have been inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between GSTM1/GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms and bladder cancer susceptibility. METHODS We searched for all studies investigating the association between GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility in Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Central Search Library. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Subgroup analyses were performed on different ethnicity, population-based and smoking status. RESULTS Our search identified 63 studies. GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and GSTM1/GSTT1 double-null genotypes were associated with increased risk of bladder cancer (OR: 1.36 95% CI: 1.25-1.47, P<0.01; OR: 1.13 95% CI: 1.02-1.25, P<0.01; OR: 1.84 95% CI: 1.50-2.26, P<0.01). Subgroup analyses indicated that the GSTM1-null genotype was associated with increased risk of bladder cancer in Caucasians and Asians, while the GSTT1-null genotype was associated with increased risk of bladder cancer in Caucasians. The GSTM1/GSTT1 double-null genotype was associated with increased risk of bladder cancer in Caucasians, Asians, and Africans. Stratified analyses of population-based associations indicated increased bladder cancer risk associated with GSTM1-null and GSTM1/GSTT1 double-null genotypes in hospital-based and population-based studies. GSTM1 deletion was associated with increased bladder cancer risk in both smokers and nonsmokers. Non-smokers with the GSTM1/GSTT1 double-null genotype had an increased bladder cancer risk. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrates that the GSTM1-null, GSTT1-null, and GSTM1/GSTT1 double-null genotypes are associated with increased bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Chen Hequn
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Liu Longfei
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Wang Long
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Chen Zhi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Zeng Feng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Chen Jinbo
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Li Chao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Zu Xiongbing
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
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Habyarimana T, Bakri Y, Mugenzi P, Mazarati JB, Attaleb M, El Mzibri M. Association between glutathione peroxidase 1 codon 198 variant and the occurrence of breast cancer in Rwanda. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:268-275. [PMID: 29411539 PMCID: PMC5902397 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione peroxidase 1 gene (GPX1) is one of the antioxidant enzyme that remove the reactive oxygen species in a continuous process. Since the identification of a well-characterized functional polymorphism named p.Pro198Leu (rs1050450 C>T) in GPX1 gene, abundant studies have evaluated the association between p.Pro198Leu polymorphism and tumor risk in diverse population. But, the available results related to breast cancer are conflicting and absent in Africa. The present case-control study was planned to assess the presence of GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism in Rwanda population to determine whether it is associated with the risk of developing breast cancer. METHODS Genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of 41 patients with breast cancer and 42 healthy controls were enrolled and genotyped GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. RESULTS No significant difference in the frequencies of Pro/Pro (49%) and Pro/Leu (51%) genotypes in cancer cases and in controls (50% each) were found. The allelic frequencies of Pro and Leu were 74% versus 26% and 75% versus 25% in breast cancer cases and controls respectively. No association was observed in allele frequencies of Pro and Leu, and familial history. Only an overall association of GPX1 Pro198Leu with grade of cancer (Pro/Leu vs. Pro/Pro: p = .0200) was detected. CONCLUSION The result of this study suggested that GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism could not be a risk factor for breast cancer in Rwanda. However, large-scale studies on the effect of this polymorphism on the factors disturbing the redox homeostasis are needed for conclusive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Habyarimana
- Biology and Medical Research UnitCentre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN)RabatMorocco
- Biology of Human Pathologies Laboratory (BioPatH)Faculty of Science & Human Pathologies Center (GenoPatH)Mohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
- Biomedical Services DepartmentRwanda Biomedical Center (RBC‐BIOS)KigaliRwanda
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Biology of Human Pathologies Laboratory (BioPatH)Faculty of Science & Human Pathologies Center (GenoPatH)Mohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Pacifique Mugenzi
- Rwanda Military Hospital (RMH)KigaliRwanda
- King Faisal Hospital (KFH)KigaliRwanda
| | | | - Mohammed Attaleb
- Biology and Medical Research UnitCentre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN)RabatMorocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biology and Medical Research UnitCentre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN)RabatMorocco
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Wang C, Zhang R, Chen N, Yang L, Wang Y, Sun Y, Huang L, Zhu M, Ji Y, Li W. Association between glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) Rs1050450 polymorphisms and cancer risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:9527-9540. [PMID: 31966829 PMCID: PMC6965984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), one of the antioxidant enzymes, exerts a vital role in reducing oxidative damage. GPX1 Pro198Leu (rs1050450) polymorphism has been reported in the development of several cancers, while the results were inconsistent. We thus conducted this meta-analysis to identify the association between GPX1 (rs1050450) polymorphism and cancer risk. 52 eligible publications with 60 case-control studies were included, with 21,296 cancer patients and 30,346 controls. The results in total population suggested there was a significant association between GPX1 (rs1050450) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility in part genetic models (TT vs CT+CC: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01-1.32, P = 0.042; TT vs CC: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.00-1.31, P = 0.044; T vs C: OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01-1.17, P = 0.02). The stratified analysis by cancer types suggested a positive correlation between GPX1 (rs1050450) polymorphism and the development of bladder cancer (TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.09-2.70, P = 0.019; TT vs CT+CC: OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.42-8.94, P = 0.007; TT vs CC: OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.41-9.94, P = 0.008; T vs C: OR = 1.941, 95% CI = 1.17-3.22, P = 0.01) as well as head and neck cancer (TT vs CT+CC: OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.39-3.46, P = 0.001) and brain cancer (TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.03-1.37, P = 0.018). These results support that GPX1 (rs1050450) polymorphism might be a candidate marker for cancer risk with type-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Chen
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinsu Wang
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Huang
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulin Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yu Y, Li X, Liang C, Tang J, Qin Z, Wang C, Xu W, Hua Y, Shao P, Xu T. The relationship between GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms and bladder cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4900. [PMID: 27631264 PMCID: PMC5402607 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have investigated the relationship between GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms and bladder cancer (BCa) susceptibility, respectively, but the results remain inconsistent. So, we conducted this meta-analysis including 79 case-control studies to explore such relationships. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and CNKI for relevant available studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were implemented to evaluate the intensity of associations. Publication bias was estimated using Begg funnel plots and Egger regression test. To assess the stability of the results, we used sensitivity analysis with the method of calculating the results again by omitting 1 single study each time. Between-study heterogeneity was tested using the I statistic. RESULTS No significant association between GSTA1 polymorphism and BCa susceptibility (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.83-1.33) was noted. Besides, meaningful association between individuals who carried the GSTM1 null genotype and increased BCa risk was detected (OR = 1.39, 95%CI 1.28-1.51). When stratified by ethnicity, significant difference was found in both Caucasian (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.23-1.58) and Asian populations (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.31-1.61). Moreover, in the subgroup analysis by source of controls (SOC), the results were significant in both hospital-based control groups (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.35-1.64) and population-based control groups (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.07-1.37). Additionally, the analysis revealed no significant association between GSTP1 polymorphism and BCa risk (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.96-1.20). What is more, significant associations between GSTT1 polymorphism and BCa susceptibility were discovered (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.22). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant associations between GSTT1 null genotype and BCa risk were observed only in Caucasians (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.09-1.44). Furthermore, when stratified by SOC, no obvious relationship was found between the GSTT1 null genotype polymorphism with hospital-based population (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.97-1.28) or population-based population (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.96-1.27). CONCLUSION This study suggested that GSTM1 null genotype and GSTT1 null genotype might be related to higher BCa risk, respectively. However, no associations were observed between GSTA1 or GSTP1 polymorphisms and BCa susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jingyuan Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Weizhang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province
| | - Yibo Hua
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Correspondence: Pengfei Shao, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (e-mail: ); Ting Xu, Department of Urologic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China (e-mail: )
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Correspondence: Pengfei Shao, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China (e-mail: ); Ting Xu, Department of Urologic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China (e-mail: )
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11
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Wang Y, He J, Ma TJ, Lei W, Li F, Shen H, Shen ZY. GSTT1 Null Genotype Significantly Increases the Susceptibility to Urinary System Cancer: Evidences from 63,876 Subjects. J Cancer 2016; 7:1680-1693. [PMID: 27698905 PMCID: PMC5039389 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GSTT1 gene plays an important role in detoxification and clearance of reactive oxygen species(ROS). A null variant in this gene has been demonstrated to confer cancer susceptibility. Although many studies have demonstrated the association between GSTT1 null polymorphism and urinary system cancer susceptibility, several publications reported opposite conclusions. For better understanding the effects of this polymorphism on the risk of urinary system cancer, a updated meta-analysis was performed with a total of 26,666 cases and 37,210 controls extracted from 117 studies, by following the latest meta-analysis guidelines (PRISMA). The results suggested that the GSTT1 null genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of urinary system cancer (OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.05-1.22). Furthermore, stratified analyses by the type of cancer, ethnicity, source of control and quality score presented a significantly increased risk associated with GSTT1 null genotype in bladder and prostate cancer subgroup, Caucasians and Indians subgroup, population-based(PB) subgroup, medium quality and low quality subgroup. Overall, our meta-analysis suggested that GSTT1 null genotype is a potential cancer susceptibility variant. Well-designed and large-cohort studies are needed to confirm the association between GSTT1 null genotype and urinary system cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital& Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing He
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital& Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital& Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital& Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- ✉ Corresponding author: Zhen-Ya Shen, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,
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12
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Shiba HF, El-Ghamrawy MK, Shaheen IAEM, Ali RAEG, Mousa SM. Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) in Egyptian pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2014; 17:265-70. [PMID: 24840051 DOI: 10.2350/14-03-1452-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) complications are associated with oxidative stress. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a group of enzymes that protect against oxidative stress. The aims of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms among homozygous sickle cell anemia patients and to investigate the possible association between the presence of these polymorphisms and SCD severity and complications. Genotyping the polymorphisms in GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was performed using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The GSTP1 ILe105Val polymorphism was determined using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of severe vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) (odds ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval = 0.42-5.56, P = 0.005). We found no significant association between GST genotypes and frequency of sickle cell-related pain, transfusion frequency, disease severity, or hydroxyurea treatment. GSTM1 gene polymorphism may be associated with risk of severe VOC among Egyptian SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Fathy Shiba
- 1 Clinical Pathology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Cao M, Mu X, Jiang C, Yang G, Chen H, Xue W. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of GPX1 and MnSOD and susceptibility to bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:759-64. [PMID: 24037914 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species-related damage plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) are two key antioxidant enzymes in the defense system against reactive oxygen species. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in GPX1 and MnSOD genes with susceptibility to bladder cancer risk. Online databases of PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and SinoMed were searched to identify eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to estimated the association strength. The fixed effects model and random effects model were used to pool the data from different studies. By pooling all eligible studies, we found that the GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism was associated with a significantly increased risk of bladder cancer (Leu vs. Pro, OR = 2.111, 95% CI = 1.020-4.368, heterogeneity (p < 0.001); LeuPro/LeuLeu vs. ProPro, OR = 1.876, 95% CI = 1.011-3.480, heterogeneity (p < 0.001)). No significant association of MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism with cancer risk was observed (AlaVal/ValVal vs. AlaAla, OR = 0.966, 95% CI = 0.754-1.239, heterogeneity (p = 0.390); Vla vs. Ala, OR = 1.038, 95% CI = 0.782-1.377, heterogeneity (p = 0.015)). This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that the GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism significantly increased susceptibility to bladder cancer, while the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism was not associated with bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cao
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
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14
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Men T, Zhang X, Yang J, Shen B, Li X, Chen D, Wang J. The rs1050450 C > T polymorphism of GPX1 is associated with the risk of bladder but not prostate cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:269-75. [PMID: 23975365 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme counteracting oxidative stress. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the GPX1 rs1050450 C > T polymorphism may modulate cancer risk, but the association of GPX1 rs1050450 polymorphism with bladder cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PCa) is still inconclusive. This meta-analysis was designed to determine the exact association of GPX1 rs1050450 C > T polymorphism with the risk of bladder cancer and prostate cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the association strength. Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to retrieve eligible studies. In total, ten eligible studies with 6,194 participants were included. By pooling all eligible studies, we found that carriers of the variant T allele were associated with a significantly increased risk of urinary tract cancer (T vs. C: OR = 1.459 and 95% CI, 1.086-1.962; CT/TT vs. CC: OR = 1.411 and 95 % CI, 1.053-1.891). In stratified analysis, we observed that the rs1050450 C > T polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of BC (T vs. C: OR = 2.111 and 95% CI, 1.020-4.368; CT/TT vs. CC: OR = 1.876 and 95% CI, 1.011-3.480), while the association was not significant for PCa. Egger's test and Begg's test revealed no publication bias. The present meta-analysis provides evidence that the GPX1 rs1050450 C > T polymorphism leads to an increased risk of BC but not the risk of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyi Men
- Department of Urology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 283 Jingwu Rd, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250012, China
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15
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GPX1 gene Pro200Leu polymorphism, erythrocyte GPX activity, and cancer risk. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:1801-12. [PMID: 23073788 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of glutathione peroxidase1 (GPX1) gene Pro200Leu (rs1050450) polymorphism on cancer risk. A comprehensive search was performed to identify all studies on the association of GPX1 gene Pro200Leu polymorphism with cancer risk. The fixed or random effect pooled measure was selected based on homogeneity test among studies. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the I (2). Potential sources of between-study heterogeneity were explored by meta-regression and the sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was estimated using Egger's linear regression test. 35 published articles with 36 results were identified involving 16,920 cases and 19,946 controls. Results from the articles that both obeyed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls and met high quality design, showed no significant association of GPX1 gene Pro200Leu polymorphism with cancer risk in any of dominant (OR = 1.05, 95 %CI = 0.98-1.12), recessive (OR = 1.04 (0.95-1.13), and TT versus CC (OR = 1.05, 95 %CI = 0.97-1.15) models, and the findings were consistent considering the stratified analysis by cancer type. However, multivariate-adjusted ORs from articles that both obeyed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls and met high quality design, showed a significant association considering dominant (OR = 1.22, 95 %CI = 1.06-1.41), TT versus CC (OR = 1.16, 95 %CI = 1.02-1.32) models, and a marginally significant association was found considering TC versus CC (OR = 1.11, 95 %CI = 0.99-1.25) model. And compared with the CC genotype, the erythrocyte GPX activity was significantly lower for TT genotype: the standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.37, 95 %CI = (-0.624, -0.118), and CT genotype: SMD = -0.19, 95 %CI = (-0.37, -0.002). The association of GPX1 gene Pro200Leu polymorphism with cancer risk might be influenced by confounders.
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Wu K, Wang X, Xie Z, Liu Z, Lu Y. Glutathione S-transferase P1 gene polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility: an updated analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:687-95. [PMID: 23054023 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene polymorphism and bladder cancer (BC) risk have reported conflicting results. In order to clarify the effect of GSTP1 polymorphism on the BC susceptibility, we conducted an updated system review of published epidemiology studies to provide more precise evidence. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). 20 studies with 4,428 BC cases and 5,457 controls were identified. The combined analyses based on all studies showed that there was a significant difference in the genotype distribution in GSTP1(A313G) polymorphism between BC cases and controls not only in Asians (GG vs. AA + AG, OR = 1.59, 95 % CI = 1.01-2.51) but also in Caucasians (GG vs. AA + AG, OR = 1.51, 95 % CI = 1.11-2.06). Upon stratification for smoking status, we observed no statistically significant difference in genotype distribution of GSTP1 in ever-smokers. Combination of the high-risk genotypes (GSTM1 null + GSTT1 null + GSTP1 313 A/G or G/G) demonstrated further increase in the BC risk (OR = 6.64, 95 %CI = 3.63-12.16). This meta-analysis suggests that GSTP1 313 G/G polymorphism is a strong predisposing risk factor for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abstract
The discovery of multiple selenoproteins has raised tantalizing questions about their role in maintaining normal cellular function. Unfortunately, many of these remain inadequately investigated. While they have a role in maintaining redox balance, other functions are becoming increasingly recognized. As the roles of these selenoproteins are further characterized, a better understanding of the true physiological significance of this trace element will arise. This knowledge will be essential in defining optimum intakes to achieve cellular homeostasis in order to optimize health, including a reduction in cancer, for diverse populations. Human variation in the response to selenium likely reflects significant interactions between the type and amounts of selenium consumed with the genome and a host of environmental factors including the totality of the diet, as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy D. Davis
- Nutritional Science Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20892;,
- Current address: Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892
| | - Petra A. Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252
| | - John A. Milner
- Nutritional Science Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20892;,
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Gong M, Dong W, An R. Glutathione S-transferase T1 Polymorphism Contributes to Bladder Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Involving 50 Studies. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1187-97. [PMID: 22339266 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mancheng Gong
- Department of Urological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruihua An
- Department of Urological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Selenoproteins in bladder cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:847-54. [PMID: 22349600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selenoproteins with genetically encoded selenium (Se) are very important in response to oxidative stress, redox balance and regulation of various metabolic and developmental processes. Although increased circulating Se has been associated with 33% risk reduction of bladder cancer, there are little data on selenoprotein expression at the protein and genetic level from both human and animal studies. Data from the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Project clearly showed that highest mRNA expression in human urinary epithelium for TRXR1 (thioredoxin reductase 1), GPX1 (glutathione peroxidase 1), SEP15 (15 kDa selenoprotein), SELT (selenoprotein T) and SEPW1 (selenoprotein W1). Although bladder tumor has been characterized by increased Se, GPX and TRXR activity, circulating Se and GPX was interestingly decreased in these cancer patients. As such, selenoprotein expression in urinary epithelium may be involved in bladder cancer (development, progression and recurrence) and may play a significant role in chemotherapeutic intervention. Despite these findings, the role of selenoproteins in bladder cancer has rarely been investigated and the significance of selenoproteins in normal and malignant uroepithelium remains poorly understood.
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Yuzhalin AE, Kutikhin AG. Inherited variations in theSODandGPXgene families and cancer risk. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:581-99. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.658515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Croom E. Metabolism of xenobiotics of human environments. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 112:31-88. [PMID: 22974737 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415813-9.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Xenobiotics have been defined as chemicals to which an organism is exposed that are extrinsic to the normal metabolism of that organism. Without metabolism, many xenobiotics would reach toxic concentrations. Most metabolic activity inside the cell requires energy, cofactors, and enzymes in order to occur. Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes can be divided into phase I, phase II, and transporter enzymes. Lipophilic xenobiotics are often first metabolized by phase I enzymes, which function to make xenobiotics more polar and provide sites for conjugation reactions. Phase II enzymes are conjugating enzymes and can directly interact with xenobiotics but more commonly interact with metabolites produced by phase I enzymes. Through both passive and active transport, these more polar metabolites are eliminated. Most xenobiotics are cleared through multiple enzymes and pathways. The relationship between chemical concentrations, enzyme affinity and quantity, and cofactor availability often determine which metabolic reactions dominate in a given individual.
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Chen J, Cao Q, Qin C, Shao P, Wu Y, Wang M, Zhang Z, Yin C. GPx-1 polymorphism (rs1050450) contributes to tumor susceptibility: evidence from meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1553-61. [PMID: 21842217 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidences implicate the selenium-containing cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, GPx-1, as a determinant of cancer risk and a mediator of the chemopreventive properties of selenium. Since the identification of a well-characterized functional polymorphism named Pro198Leu (rs1050450 C>T) in GPx-1, abundant studies have evaluated the association between Pro198Leu polymorphism and tumor risk in diverse population. But, the available results are conflicting. METHODS To derive a more precise estimation, we performed a meta-analysis based on 14,372 cases with different tumor types and 18,081 controls from 31 published case-control studies. Published literature from PubMed was retrieved. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. RESULTS Overall, the results indicated that individuals who carried variant Leu allele (Pro/Leu and Leu/Leu) were associated with an increased cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.23] in a dominant genetic model. In further subgroup analyses, the increased risk of cancer was observed in subgroup of Asians and sample size more than 500 subjects. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the GPx-1 Pro198Leo polymorphism contributes to cancer susceptibility through a disturbed antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
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