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Nayerpour Dizaj T, Doustmihan A, Sadeghzadeh Oskouei B, Akbari M, Jaymand M, Mazloomi M, Jahanban-Esfahlan R. Significance of PSCA as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:135. [PMID: 38627732 PMCID: PMC11020972 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the contributing factors in the diagnosis and treatment of most cancers is the identification of their surface antigens. Cancer tissues or cells have their specific antigens. Some antigens that are present in many cancers elicit different functions. One of these antigens is the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) antigen, which was first identified in the prostate. PSCA is a cell surface protein that has different functions in different tissues. It can play an inhibitory role in cell proliferation as well as a tumor-inducing role. PSCA has several genetic variants involved in cancer susceptibility in some tissues, so identifying the characteristics of this antigen and its relationship with clinical features can provide more information on diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancers. Most studies on the PSCA have focused on prostate cancer. While it is also expressed in other cancers, little attention has been paid to its role as a valuable diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool in other cancers. PSCA has several genetic variants that seem to play a significant role in cancer susceptibility in some tissues, so identifying the characteristics of this antigen and its relationship and variants with clinical features can be beneficial in concomitant cancer therapy and diagnosis, as theranostic tools. In this study, we will review the alteration of the PSCA expression and its polymorphisms and evaluate its clinical and theranostics significance in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Nayerpour Dizaj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Doustmihan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Sadeghzadeh Oskouei
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - MirAhmad Mazloomi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zheng Y, Lei T, Jin G, Guo H, Zhang N, Chai J, Xie M, Xu Y, Wang T, Liu J, Shen Y, Song Y, Wang B, Yu J, Yang M. LncPSCA in the 8q24.3 risk locus drives gastric cancer through destabilizing DDX5. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52707. [PMID: 34472665 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple gastric cancer risk loci and several protein-coding susceptibility genes. However, the role of long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from these risk loci in gastric cancer development and progression remains to be explored. Here, we functionally characterize a lncRNA, lncPSCA, as a novel tumor suppressor whose expression is fine-regulated by a gastric cancer risk-associated genetic variant. The rs2978980 T > G change in an intronic enhancer of lncPSCA interrupts binding of transcription factor RORA, which down-regulates lncPSCA expression in an allele-specific manner. LncPSCA interacts with DDX5 and promotes DDX5 degradation through ubiquitination. Increased expression of lncPSCA results in low levels of DDX5, less RNA polymerase II (Pol II) binding with DDX5 in the nucleus, thus activating transcription of multiple p53 signaling genes by Pol II. These findings highlight the importance of functionally annotating lncRNAs in GWAS risk loci and the great potential of modulating lncRNAs as innovative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianshui Lei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nasha Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyu Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yeyang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tianpei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yemei Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Risk Prediction for Gastric Cancer Using GWAS-Identifie Polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori Infection and Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors in a Japanese Population. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215525. [PMID: 34771687 PMCID: PMC8583059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer remains the major cancer in Japan and worldwide. It is expected that practical intervention strategies for prevention, such as personalized approaches based on genetic risk models, will be developed. Here, we developed and validated a risk prediction model for gastric cancer using genetic, biological, and lifestyle-related risk factors. Results showed that the combination of selected GWAS-identified SNP polymorphisms and other predictors provided high discriminatory accuracy and good calibration in both the derivation and validation studies; however, the contribution of genetic factors to risk prediction was limited. The greatest contributor to risk prediction was ABCD classification (Helicobacter pylori infection-related factor). Abstract Background: As part of our efforts to develop practical intervention applications for cancer prevention, we investigated a risk prediction model for gastric cancer based on genetic, biological, and lifestyle-related risk factors. Methods: We conducted two independent age- and sex-matched case–control studies, the first for model derivation (696 cases and 1392 controls) and the second (795 and 795) for external validation. Using the derivation study data, we developed a prediction model by fitting a conditional logistic regression model using the predictors age, ABCD classification defined by H. pylori infection and gastric atrophy, smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and 3 GWAS-identified polymorphisms. Performance was assessed with regard to discrimination (area under the curve (AUC)) and calibration (calibration plots and Hosmer–Lemeshow test). Results: A combination of selected GWAS-identified polymorphisms and the other predictors provided high discriminatory accuracy and good calibration in both the derivation and validation studies, with AUCs of 0.77 (95% confidence intervals: 0.75–0.79) and 0.78 (0.77–0.81), respectively. The calibration plots of both studies stayed close to the ideal calibration line. In the validation study, the environmental model (nongenetic model) was significantly more discriminative than the inclusive model, with an AUC value of 0.80 (0.77–0.82). Conclusion: The contribution of genetic factors to risk prediction was limited, and the ABCD classification (H. pylori infection-related factor) contributes most to risk prediction of gastric cancer.
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Alikhani R, Taravati A, Hashemi-Soteh MB. Association of MUC1 5640G>A and PSCA 5057C>T polymorphisms with the risk of gastric cancer in Northern Iran. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:148. [PMID: 32660489 PMCID: PMC7359498 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the four most common cancer that causing death worldwide. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have shown that genetic diversities MUC1 (Mucin 1) and PSCA (Prostate Stem Cell Antigen) genes are involved in gastric cancer. The aim of this study was avaluating the association of rs4072037G > A polymorphism in MUC1 and rs2294008 C > T in PSCA gene with risk of gastric cancer in northern Iran. METHODS DNA was extracted from 99 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of gastric cancer and 96 peripheral blood samples from healthy individuals (sex matched) as controls. Two desired polymorphisms, 5640G > A and 5057C > T for MUC1 and PSCA genes were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS The G allele at rs4072037 of MUC1 gene was associated with a significant decreased gastric cancer risk (OR = 0.507, 95% CI: 0.322-0.799, p = 0.003). A significant decreased risk of gastric cancer was observed in people with either AG vs. AA, AG + AA vs. GG and AA+GG vs. AG genotypes of MUC1 polymorphism (OR = 4.296, 95% CI: 1.190-15.517, p = 0.026), (OR = 3.726, 95% CI: 2.033-6.830, p = 0.0001) and (OR = 0.223, 95% CI: 0.120-0.413, p = 0.0001) respectively. Finally, there was no significant association between the PSCA 5057C > T polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer in all genetic models. CONCLUSION Results indicated that the MUC1 5640G > A polymorphism may have protective effect for gastric cancer in the Northern Iran population and could be considered as a potential molecular marker in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alikhani
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ali Taravati
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh
- Immunogenetic Research center, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Medical Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, 48166-13485, Iran.
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Cui H, Tang M, Zhang M, Liu S, Chen S, Zeng Z, Shen Z, Song B, Lu J, Jia H, Gu D, Zhang B. Variants in the PSCA gene associated with risk of cancer and nonneoplastic diseases: systematic research synopsis, meta-analysis and epidemiological evidence. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:70-83. [PMID: 30407486 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene have been linked with risk of multiple cancers and other diseases. But results have been inconclusive and no systematic research synopsis has been available. We did a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate associations between variants in this gene and risk of nine cancers and four nonneoplastic diseases based on data from 55 publications including 81 961 cases and 442 932 controls. We graded levels of cumulative epidemiological evidence of a significant association using the Venice criteria and false-positive report probability tests. We performed functional annotation for these variants using data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements Project and other public databases. We found that six variants were nominally significantly associated with an increased or reduced risk of three cancers and three nonneoplastic diseases (P < 0.05). Cumulative evidence of an association was graded as strong for rs2294008 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, P = 5.1 × 10-33], rs2976392 (OR = 1.29, P = 1.8 × 10-8), rs9297976 (OR = 0.75, P = 1.4 × 10-7), rs2976391 (OR = 1.38, P = 6.1 × 10-5) and rs138377917 (OR = 0.53, P = 0.008) with gastric cancer, rs2294008 with bladder cancer (OR = 1.15, P = 8.0 × 10-19), gastritis (OR = 1.35, P = 1.2 × 10-5), duodenal ulcer (OR = 0.68, P = 2.4 × 10-57) and gastric ulcer (OR = 0.88, P = 1.7 × 10-7). Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements Project and other databases showed that these variants and other variants correlated with them might fall in putative functional regions. In conclusion, this study provides summary evidence that variants in the PSCA gene are associated with risk of gastric and bladder cancer, gastritis, as well as duodenal and gastric ulcer and highlights the significant role of this gene in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest School of Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest School of Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest School of Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest School of Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest School of Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziqian Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest School of Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuozhi Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest School of Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest School of Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest School of Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Southwest School of Medicine and First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Park B, Yang S, Lee J, Woo HD, Choi IJ, Kim YW, Ryu KW, Kim YI, Kim J. Genome-Wide Association of Genetic Variation in the PSCA Gene with Gastric Cancer Susceptibility in a Korean Population. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:748-757. [PMID: 30189721 PMCID: PMC6473284 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Half of the world's gastric cancer cases and the highest gastric cancer mortality rates are observed in Eastern Asia. Although several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed susceptibility genes associated with gastric cancer, no GWASs have been conducted in the Korean population, which has the highest incidence of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods We performed genome scanning of 450 gastric cancer cases and 1,134 controls via Affymetrix Axiom Exome 319 arrays, followed by replication of 803 gastric cancer cases and 3,693 healthy controls. RESULTS We showed that the rs2976394 in the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene is a gastriccancer-susceptibility gene in a Korean population, with genome-wide significance and an odds ratio (OR) of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.77). A strong linkage disequilibrium with rs2294008 was also found, indicating an association with susceptibility. Individuals with the CC genotype of the PSCA gene showed an approximately 2-fold lower risk of gastric cancer compared to those with the TT genotype (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.57). The effect of the PSCA gene on gastric cancer was more prominent in the female population and for diffuse type gastric cancer. CONCLUSION Our result confirmed that the PSCA gene may be the most important susceptibility gene for gastric cancer risk in a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Park
- Department of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sarah Yang
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hae Dong Woo
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Il Ju Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Woo Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun Won Ryu
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Gigek CO, Calcagno DQ, Rasmussen LT, Santos LC, Leal MF, Wisnieski F, Burbano RR, Lourenço LG, Lopes-Filho GJ, Smith MAC. Genetic variants in gastric cancer: Risks and clinical implications. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:101-111. [PMID: 28736214 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease that involves many molecular alterations. Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. GC is a highly heterogeneous disease with different molecular and genetics features. Therefore, this review focuses on an overview of the genetic aspects of gastric cancer by highlighting the important impact and role of deletions and/or duplications of chromosomal segments, genomic variants, H. pylori infection and interleukin variants, as found in gene expression and newly proposed molecular classification studies. The challenge is to better understand the mechanisms and different pathways that lead to the development and progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), CEP: 04024-002 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), CEP: 66073-000 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Caires Santos
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferreira Leal
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), CEP 04038-032 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Wisnieski
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Laercio Gomes Lourenço
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), CEP: 04024-002 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gaspar Jesus Lopes-Filho
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), CEP: 04024-002 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Arruda Cardoso Smith
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), CEP 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Skierucha M, Milne ANA, Offerhaus GJA, Polkowski WP, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Molecular alterations in gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2460-74. [PMID: 26937134 PMCID: PMC4768192 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms, with a global burden of 723000 deaths in 2012. It is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are numerous possible factors that stimulate the pro-carcinogenic activity of important genes. These factors include genetic susceptibility expressed in a single-nucleotide polymorphism, various acquired mutations (chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, somatic gene mutations, epigenetic alterations) and environmental circumstances (e.g., Helicobcter pylori infection, EBV infection, diet, and smoking). Most of the aforementioned pathways overlap, and authors agree that a clear-cut pathway for GC may not exist. Thus, the categorization of carcinogenic events is complicated. Lately, it has been claimed that research on early-onset gastric carcinoma (EOGC) and hereditary GC may contribute towards unravelling some part of the mystery of the GC molecular pattern because young patients are less exposed to environmental carcinogens and because carcinogenesis in this setting may be more dependent on genetic factors. The comparison of various aspects that differ and coexist in EOGCs and conventional GCs might enable scientists to: distinguish which features in the pathway of gastric carcinogenesis are modifiable, discover specific GC markers and identify a specific target. This review provides a summary of the data published thus far concerning the molecular characteristics of GC and highlights the outstanding features of EOGC.
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Chandra V, Kim JJ, Gupta U, Mittal B, Rai R. Impact of DCC (rs714) and PSCA (rs2294008 and rs2976392) Gene Polymorphism in Modulating Cancer Risk in Asian Population. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7020009. [PMID: 26891331 PMCID: PMC4773753 DOI: 10.3390/genes7020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have investigated the association of gene variant of Deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) and Prostate Stem cell antigen (PSCA) with various cancer susceptibility; however, the results are discrepant. Since SNPs are emerging as promising biomarker of cancer susceptibility, here, we aimed to execute a meta-analysis of DCC (rs714 A > G) and PSCA (rs2294008 C > T, rs2976392 G > A) polymorphism to demonstrate the more accurate strength of these associations. We followed a rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria and calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, the pooled analysis showed that the DCC rs714 conferred increased risk of cancer only in Asians (AA vs. GG: OR = 1.86, p ≤ 0.0001; AG vs. GG: OR = 1.43, p = 0.005; GA + AA vs. GG: OR = 1.66, p ≤ 0.0001; AA vs. GG + GA; OR = 1.52, p ≤ 0.004, A vs. G allele: OR = 1.41, p ≤ 0.0001). PSCA rs2294008 was associated with increased overall cancer risk (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.28, p = 0.002; CT vs. CC: OR = 1.21, p ≤ 0.0001; CT + TT vs. CC: OR = 1.24, p ≤ 0.0001; TT vs. CC + CT; OR = 1.17, p ≤ 0.005, T vs. C allele: OR = 1.16, p ≤ 0.0001); however, in stratified analysis this association was limited only to gastric and bladder cancer and the strength was more prominent in Asians. In contrast, the PSCA rs2976392 SNP did not modulate the cancer risk. Therefore, we concluded that rs714 and rs2294008 polymorphism may represent a potential genetic biomarker for cancer risk in Asians and gastric as well as bladder cancer, respectively. However, since our study is limited to Asians and cancer types, further larger studies involving other cancers and/or population, gene-environment interactions and the mechanism of DCC and PSCA gene deregulation are desired to define the role of genotype with overall cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chandra
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026 (Uttar Pradesh), India.
| | - Jong Joo Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
| | - Usha Gupta
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow 226014 (Uttar Pradesh), India.
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow 226014 (Uttar Pradesh), India.
| | - Rajani Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
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10
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Geng P, Li J, Wang N, Ou J, Xie G, Liu C, Zhao X, Xiang L, Liao Y, Liang H. PSCA rs2294008 Polymorphism with Increased Risk of Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136269. [PMID: 26308216 PMCID: PMC4550426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Published data on the association between PSCA rs2294008 polymorphism and cancer risk have implicated inconclusive results. To determine the relationship and to precisely assess the effect size estimate of the association, we performed a meta-analysis. Methods We searched published literature in Embase and PubMed databases using the search terms “PSCA”, “prostate stem cell antigen”, “variants”, “polymorphism”, “polymorphisms”, and “cancer”. A total of 21 eligible articles were retrieved, with 27, 197 cancer cases and 48, 237 controls. Results On the whole, we found the association between PSCA rs2294008 polymorphism and cancer risk was statistically significant: TT vs CC: OR = 1.18, 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.27; TT + CT vs CC: OR = 1.08, 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.10; TT vs CT + CC: OR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.21; T vs C: OR = 1.10, 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.14; CT vs CC: OR = 1.10, 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.13. Stratified analyses in cancer type and ethnicity showed similar results. Conclusions Based on the statistical evidence, we can draw a conclusion that the rs2294008 polymorphism of PSCA gene is likely to play a role in cancer carcinogenesis, especially in gastric cancer and bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Geng
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Juanjuan Ou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ganfeng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lisha Xiang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yunmei Liao
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Mocellin S, Verdi D, Pooley KA, Nitti D. Genetic variation and gastric cancer risk: a field synopsis and meta-analysis. Gut 2015; 64:1209-19. [PMID: 25731870 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on genetic susceptibility to sporadic gastric carcinoma have been published at a growing pace, but to date no comprehensive overview and quantitative summary has been available. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on the association between DNA variation and risk of developing stomach cancer. To assess result credibility, summary evidence was graded according to the Venice criteria and false positive report probability (FPRP) was calculated to further validate result noteworthiness. Meta-analysis was also conducted for subgroups, which were defined by ethnicity (Asian vs Caucasian), tumour histology (intestinal vs diffuse), tumour site (cardia vs non-cardia) and Helicobacter pylori infection status (positive vs negative). RESULTS Literature search identified 824 eligible studies comprising 2 530 706 subjects (cases: 261 386 (10.3%)) and investigating 2841 polymorphisms involving 952 distinct genes. Overall, we performed 456 primary and subgroup meta-analyses on 156 variants involving 101 genes. We identified 11 variants significantly associated with disease risk and assessed to have a high level of summary evidence: MUC1 rs2070803 at 1q22 (diffuse carcinoma subgroup), MTX1 rs2075570 at 1q22 (diffuse), PSCA rs2294008 at 8q24.2 (non-cardia), PRKAA1 rs13361707 5p13 (non-cardia), PLCE1 rs2274223 10q23 (cardia), TGFBR2 rs3087465 3p22 (Asian), PKLR rs3762272 1q22 (diffuse), PSCA rs2976392 (intestinal), GSTP1 rs1695 11q13 (Asian), CASP8 rs3834129 2q33 (mixed) and TNF rs1799724 6p21.3 (mixed), with the first nine variants characterised by a low FPRP. We also identified polymorphisms with lower quality significant associations (n=110). CONCLUSIONS We have identified several high-quality biomarkers of gastric cancer susceptibility. These data will form the backbone of an annually updated online resource that will be integral to the study of gastric carcinoma genetics and may inform future screening programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mocellin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daunia Verdi
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Karen A Pooley
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Donato Nitti
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Lee JH, Song HR, Kim HN, Kweon SS, Yun YW, Choi JS, Jung SI, Kwon DD, Kim SH, Choi YD, Shin MH. Genetic variation in PSCA is associated with bladder cancer susceptibility in a Korean population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8901-4. [PMID: 25374226 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of human cancer. A recent genome wide association study (GWAS) identified an association between the rs2294008 polymorphism of the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene and bladder cancer risk in Caucasians. The aim of this study was to determine whether the rs2294008 polymorphism is similarly associated with bladder cancer susceptibility in a Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 411 bladder cancer patients and 1,700 controls. RESULTS The frequencies of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes of the rs2294008 polymorphism were 16.9, 54.0, and 28.8% in bladder cancer patients and 24.4, 48.1, and 27.5% in controls, respectively. We found that the combined CT/TT genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of bladder cancer (OR CT/TT=1.58, 95% CI=1.15-2.17), compared with the CC genotype. Smoking habits, tumor grade and tumor stage did not modify the association between rs2294008 and the risk of bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the rs2294008 polymorphism in the PSCA gene is associated with the risk of bladder cancer in a Korean population, providing evidence that it may contribute to bladder carcinogenesis regardless of ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea E-mail :
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13
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Gu Y, Dai QS, Hua RX, Zhang B, Zhu JH, Huang JW, Xie BH, Xiong SQ, Tan GS, Li HP. PSCA s2294008 C>T and rs2976392 G>A polymorphisms contribute to cancer susceptibility: evidence from published studies. Genes Cancer 2015; 6:254-264. [PMID: 26124924 PMCID: PMC4482246 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PSCA gene plays an important role in cell adhesion, proliferation and survival. Increasing studies have focused on the association of PSCA gene rs2294008 C>T and rs2976392 G>A with cancer risk. However, the conclusions were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to elucidate whether there is a true association, or artifact. We systematically searched eligible studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE and CBM database. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the strength of the association. The final analysis included 32 studies consisting of 30028 cases and 38765 controls for the rs2294008 C>T polymorphism, and 14 studies with 8190 cases and 7176 controls for the rs2976392 G>A polymorphism. Consequently, the PSCA rs2294008 C>T polymorphism was significantly associated with increased overall cancer risk. Further stratifications indicated the increased risk was more pronounced for gastric (diffused type and non-gastric cardia adenocarcinoma) and bladder cancer. A similar association was observed for the rs2976392 G>A polymorphism. This meta-analysis demonstrated that both of the PSCA rs2294008 C>T and rs2976392 G>A polymorphisms are associated with increased cancer risk, especially for gastric cancer and bladder cancer. Further large-scale studies with different ethnicities and subtypes of gastric cancer are required to confirm the results from this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Xi Hua
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Hong Zhu
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory and Laboratory Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian-Wen Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin-Hui Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shi-Qiu Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Guo-Sheng Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - He-Ping Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Wang M, Wang XJ, Ma YF, Ma XB, Dai ZM, Lv Y, Lin S, Liu XH, Yang PT, Dai ZJ. PSCA rs2294008 C > T polymorphism contributes to gastric and bladder cancer risk. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:237-45. [PMID: 25709466 PMCID: PMC4335611 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s77089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested genetic variations in PSCA (prostate stem cell antigen) may confer the susceptibility of cancer. Many case–control studies have reported the relationship between PSCA rs2294008 C > T polymorphism and cancer, especially gastric cancer and bladder cancer. However, the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating the association of rs2294008 polymorphism with cancer risk. Methods The databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for related publications. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the associations. Fixed models were used when heterogeneity among studies was not detected, otherwise the random model was used. Results Twenty-six studies from 24 articles with 30,050 multiple cancer cases and 51,670 controls were pooled into this meta-analysis. The results showed that the rs2294008 polymorphism was associated with increased cancer risk in any genetic model (T vs C, OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.28; TT vs CC, OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.14–1.62; TC vs CC, OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.17–1.44; TT + TC vs CC, OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.18–1.49; TT vs TC + CC, OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02–1.30). In stratified analysis by cancer type, we found that the T allele had a significant high risk of gastric and bladder cancer, but not in other cancers. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, increased cancer risk was found in both Asians and Caucasians. Conclusion Our study suggested that the PSCA rs2294008 C > T polymorphism is a risk factor for cancer, especially in gastric and bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Feng Ma
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Dai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Lv
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Han Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Tao Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China ; Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sun H, Wu X, Wu F, Li Y, Yu Z, Chen X, Chen Y, Yang W. Associations of genetic variants in the PSCA, MUC1 and PLCE1 genes with stomach cancer susceptibility in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117576. [PMID: 25658482 PMCID: PMC4319726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genetic variants including PSCA rs2294008 C>T and rs2976392 G>A, MUC1 rs4072037 T>C, and PLCE1 rs2274223 A>G have shown significant association with stomach cancer risk in the previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs). METHODS To evaluate associations of these SNPs in the Han Chinese, an independent hospital based case-control study was performed by genotyping these four polymorphisms in a total of 692 stomach cancer cases and 774 healthy controls acquired by using frequency matching for age and gender. False-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis was also performed to validate all statistically significant findings. RESULTS In the current study, significant association with stomach cancer susceptibility was observed for all the four polymorphisms of interest. Specifically, a significant increased stomach cancer risk was associated with PSCA rs2294008 (CT vs. CC: adjusted OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.07-1.74, and CT/TT vs.CC: adjusted OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.03-1.63), PSCA rs2976392 (AG vs. GG: adjusted OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02-1.65, and AG/AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.00-1.59), or PLCE1 rs2274223 (AG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.15-1.90, and AG/GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.14-1.84), respectively. In contrast, MUC1 rs4072037 was shown to decrease the cancer risk (CT vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60-0.98). Patients with more than one risk genotypes had significant increased risk to develop stomach cancer (adjusted OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.03-1.64), when compared with those having 0-1 risk genotypes. Stratified analysis indicated that the increased risk was more pronounced in younger subjects, men, ever smokers, smokers with pack years ≤ 27, patients with high BMI, or non-cardia stomach cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study substantiated the associations between four previous reported genetic variants and stomach cancer susceptibility in an independent Han Chinese population. Further studies with larger sample size and different ethnicities are warranted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sun
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Operating room, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Yamaoka Y, Miftahussurur M. Helicobacter pylori virulence genes and host genetic polymorphisms as risk factors for peptic ulcer disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:1535-47. [PMID: 26470920 PMCID: PMC5332543 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1095089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection plays an important role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Several factors have been proposed as possible H. pylori virulence determinants; for example, bacterial adhesins and gastric inflammation factors are associated with an increased risk of PUD. However, differences in bacterial virulence factors alone cannot explain the opposite ends of the PUD disease spectrum, that is duodenal and gastric ulcers; presumably, both bacterial and host factors contribute to the differential response. Carriers of the high-producer alleles of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α who also carry low-producer allele of anti-inflammatory cytokines have severe gastric mucosal inflammation, whereas carriers of the alternative alleles have mild inflammation. Recent reports have suggested that the PSCA and CYP2C19 ultra-rapid metabolizer genotypes are also associated with PUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamaoka
- Oita University, Baylor College of Medicine Houston United States
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17
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Abstract
Gastric cancer remains highly prevalent and accounts for a notable proportion of global cancer mortality. This cancer is also associated with poor survival rates. Understanding the genetic basis of gastric cancer will offer insights into its pathogenesis, help identify new biomarkers and novel treatment targets, aid prognostication and could be central to developing individualized treatment strategies in the future. An inherited component contributes to <3% of gastric cancers; the majority of genetic changes associated with gastric cancer are acquired. Over the past few decades, advances in technology and high-throughput analysis have improved understanding of the molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. These aspects are multifaceted and heterogeneous and represent a wide spectrum of several key genetic influences, such as chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, changes in microRNA profile, somatic gene mutations or functional single nucleotide polymorphisms. These genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of gastric cancer will be addressed in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi H McLean
- National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer &Inflammation Program, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB51 5ER, UK
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18
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Elimova E, Shiozaki H, Wadhwa R, Sudo K, Chen Q, Estrella JS, Blum MA, Badgwell B, Das P, Song S, Ajani JA. Medical management of gastric cancer: a 2014 update. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13637-47. [PMID: 25320502 PMCID: PMC4194548 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer represents a serious health problem on a global scale. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Novel therapeutic targets are desperately needed because the meager improvement in the cure rate of about 10% realized by adjunctive treatments to surgery is unacceptable as > 50% patients with localized gastric cancer succumb to their disease. Either postoperative chemoradiotherapy (United States), pre-and post-operative chemotherapy (Europe), and adjuvant chemotherapy after a D2 resection (Asia) can all be regarded as standards of care in the localized gastric cancer management. In metastatic disease the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy is standard of care in Her2 positive disease. In the HER2 negative population, the treatments remain limited. In the first line setting, the standard of care is a combination of fluoropyrimidine and platinum containing chemotherapy, with or without epirubicin or docetaxel. The results of targeted therapy trials have by and large been disappointing, but none of these trials looked at an appropriately enriched population. Finally there is a meager overall survival benefit in treating patients with metastatic disease in the second line setting, with either irinotecan, docetaxel or ramucirumab however none of these drugs have been compared head to head in a well-powered randomized controlled trial.
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19
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Wang J, Zhang J, Zhou C, Chen L, Yu Q. An insertion/deletion polymorphism within the proximal promoter of EGLN2 is associated with susceptibility for gastric cancer in the Chinese population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:269-73. [PMID: 24517638 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most common human malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Accumulated evidence from molecular genetics indicates that an individual's genetic factors are involved in their susceptibility to GC. Hypoxia is a common feature of cancer and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor that regulates oxygen homeostasis, plays key roles in the growth of solid tumors and regulating cellular responses to hypoxia. Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD1, also known as EGLN2) is one of the three enzymes capable of hydroxylating the alpha subunit of HIF and results in polyubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation of HIF. A case-control study, including 415 GC patients and 830 healthy controls, was conducted to investigate the association between GC susceptibility with a 4-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs10680577) in the proximal promoter of EGLN2. Logistic regression analysis showed that the heterozygote and the homozygote 4-bp del/del confer a significantly increased risk of GC after controlling for other covariates (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.75, p=0.017; OR=2.19, 95% CI 1.15-4.18, p=0.009, respectively). Carriage of the 4-bp deletion allele was associated with a greatly increased risk of developing the disease (OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.12-1.70, p=0.002). Moreover, stratification analysis showed that the association was more prominent in smokers (adjusted OR=2.09, 95% CI=1.40-3.12, p for heterogeneity=0.01). Our data suggested that common genetic polymorphisms in EGLN2 may influence GC risk in the Chinese population. Considering the relative small sample size, replication in other populations with a larger sample size and further functional analysis are required for fully understanding the roles of EGLN2 polymorphisms in predisposition for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- 1 Department of Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Changshu , Changshu, People's Republic of China
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20
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Abstract
Gastric cancer imposes a considerable health burden around the globe despite its declining incidence. The disease is often diagnosed in advanced stages and is associated with a poor prognosis for patients. An in-depth understanding of the molecular underpinnings of gastric cancer has lagged behind many other cancers of similar incidence and morbidity, owing to our limited knowledge of germline susceptibility traits for risk and somatic drivers of progression (to identify novel therapeutic targets). A few germline (PLCE1) and somatic (ERBB2, ERBB3, PTEN, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, FGF, TP53, CDH1 and MET) alterations are emerging and some are being pursued clinically. Novel somatic gene targets (ARID1A, FAT4, MLL and KMT2C) have also been identified and are of interest. Variations in the therapeutic approaches dependent on geographical region are evident for localized gastric cancer-differences that are driven by preferences for the adjuvant strategies and the extent of surgery coupled with philosophical divides. However, greater uniformity in approach has been noted in the metastatic cancer setting, an incurable condition. Having realized only modest successes, momentum is building for carrying out more phase III comparative trials, with some using biomarker-based patient selection strategies. Overall, rapid progress in biotechnology is improving our molecular understanding and can help with new drug discovery. The future prospects are excellent for defining biomarker-based subsets of patients and application of specific therapeutics. However, many challenges remain to be tackled. Here, we review representative molecular and clinical dimensions of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopma Wadhwa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of
Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of
Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M. D.
Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Yixin Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of
Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson
Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of
Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson
Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
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Abstract
Gastric cancer imposes a considerable health burden around the globe despite its declining incidence. The disease is often diagnosed in advanced stages and is associated with a poor prognosis for patients. An in-depth understanding of the molecular underpinnings of gastric cancer has lagged behind many other cancers of similar incidence and morbidity, owing to our limited knowledge of germline susceptibility traits for risk and somatic drivers of progression (to identify novel therapeutic targets). A few germline (PLCE1) and somatic (ERBB2, ERBB3, PTEN, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, FGF, TP53, CDH1 and MET) alterations are emerging and some are being pursued clinically. Novel somatic gene targets (ARID1A, FAT4, MLL and KMT2C) have also been identified and are of interest. Variations in the therapeutic approaches dependent on geographical region are evident for localized gastric cancer-differences that are driven by preferences for the adjuvant strategies and the extent of surgery coupled with philosophical divides. However, greater uniformity in approach has been noted in the metastatic cancer setting, an incurable condition. Having realized only modest successes, momentum is building for carrying out more phase III comparative trials, with some using biomarker-based patient selection strategies. Overall, rapid progress in biotechnology is improving our molecular understanding and can help with new drug discovery. The future prospects are excellent for defining biomarker-based subsets of patients and application of specific therapeutics. However, many challenges remain to be tackled. Here, we review representative molecular and clinical dimensions of gastric cancer.
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Kohaar I, Porter-Gill P, Lenz P, Fu YP, Mumy A, Tang W, Apolo AB, Rothman N, Baris D, Schned AR, Ylaya K, Schwenn M, Johnson A, Jones M, Kida M, Silverman DT, Hewitt SM, Moore LE, Prokunina-Olsson L. Genetic variant as a selection marker for anti-prostate stem cell antigen immunotherapy of bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 105:69-73. [PMID: 23266392 PMCID: PMC3536639 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody against prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) has emerged as a novel cancer therapy currently being tested in clinical trials for prostate and pancreatic cancers, but this treatment is likely to be efficient only in patients with PSCA-expressing tumors. The present study demonstrates that a genetic variant (rs2294008) discovered by bladder cancer genome-wide association studies is a strong predictor of PSCA protein expression in bladder tumors, as measured by two-sided multivariable linear regression (P = 6.46×10−11; n = 278). The association pattern is similar in non-muscle-invasive tumors, stages Ta (P = 3.10×10−5; n = 173) and T1 (P = 2.64×10−5; n = 60), and muscle-invasive tumors, stages T2 (P =.01; n = 23) and T3/4 (P =.03; n = 22). The study suggests that anti-PSCA immunotherapy might be beneficial for bladder cancer patients with high tumor PSCA expression, which is statistically significantly associated with the presence of CT and TT genotypes of a common genetic variant, rs2294008. Future clinical studies will be needed to validate PSCA as a therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Kohaar
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 8717 Grovemont Cir, Bethesda, MD 20892-4605, USA
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