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Brenner N, Mentzer AJ, Butt J, Braband KL, Michel A, Jeffery K, Klenerman P, Gärtner B, Schnitzler P, Hill A, Taylor G, Demontis MA, Guy E, Hadfield SJ, Almond R, Allen N, Pawlita M, Waterboer T. Validation of Multiplex Serology for human hepatitis viruses B and C, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210407. [PMID: 30615688 PMCID: PMC6322760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiplex Serology is a high-throughput technology developed to simultaneously measure specific serum antibodies against multiple pathogens in one reaction vessel. Serological assays for hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) were developed and validated against established reference assays. For each pathogen, between 3 and 5 specific antigens were recombinantly expressed as GST-tag fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and tested in Monoplex Serology, i.e. assays restricted to the antigens from one particular pathogen. For each of the four pathogen-specific Monoplex assays, overall seropositivity was defined using two pathogen-specific antigens. In the case of HBV Monoplex Serology, the detection of past natural HBV infection was validated based on two independent reference panels resulting in sensitivities of 92.3% and 93.0%, and specificities of 100% in both panels. Validation of HCV and HTLV-1 Monoplex Serology resulted in sensitivities of 98.0% and 95.0%, and specificities of 96.2% and 100.0%, respectively. The Monoplex Serology assay for T. gondii was validated with a sensitivity of 91.2% and specificity of 92.0%. The developed Monoplex Serology assays largely retained their characteristics when they were included in a multiplex panel (i.e. Multiplex Serology), containing additional antigens from a broad range of other pathogens. Thus HBV, HCV, HTLV-1 and T. gondii Monoplex Serology assays can efficiently be incorporated into Multiplex Serology panels tailored for application in seroepidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Brenner
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander J. Mentzer
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin L. Braband
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika Michel
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katie Jeffery
- Department of Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Department of Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Gärtner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität des Saarlands, Homburg, Germany
| | - Paul Schnitzler
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Hill
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Taylor
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A. Demontis
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Guy
- Toxoplasma Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Hadfield
- Toxoplasma Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | - Naomi Allen
- UK Biobank, Stockport, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections Division, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Colombara DV, Manhart LE, Carter JJ, Hawes SE, Weiss NS, Hughes JP, Qiao YL, Taylor PR, Smith JS, Galloway DA. Absence of an association of human polyomavirus and papillomavirus infection with lung cancer in China: a nested case-control study. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:342. [PMID: 27246610 PMCID: PMC4888628 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of human polyomavirus (HPyV) infection and lung cancer are limited and those regarding the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and lung cancer have produced inconsistent results. Methods We conducted a nested case–control study to assess the association between incident lung cancer of various histologies and evidence of prior infection with HPyVs and HPVs. We selected serum from 183 cases and 217 frequency matched controls from the Yunnan Tin Miner’s Cohort study, which was designed to identify biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer. Using multiplex liquid bead microarray (LBMA) antibody assays, we tested for antibodies to the VP1 structural protein and small T antigen (ST-Ag) of Merkel cell, KI, and WU HPyVs. We also tested for antibodies against HPV L1 structural proteins (high-risk types 16, 18, 31, 33, 52, and 58 and low-risk types 6 and 11) and E6 and E7 oncoproteins (high risk types 16 and 18). Measures of antibody reactivity were log transformed and analyzed using logistic regression. Results We found no association between KIV, WUV, and MCV antibody levels and incident lung cancer (P-corrected for multiple comparisons >0.10 for all trend tests). We also found no association with HPV-16, 18, 31, 33, 52, and 58 seropositivity (P-corrected for multiple comparisons >0.05 for all). Conclusions Future studies of infectious etiologies of lung cancer should look beyond HPyVs and HPVs as candidate infectious agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2381-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny V Colombara
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA.
| | - Lisa E Manhart
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Stephen E Hawes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noel S Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James P Hughes
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jennifer S Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Colombara DV, Manhart LE, Carter JJ, Hawes SE, Weiss NS, Hughes JP, Barnett MJ, Goodman GE, Smith JS, Qiao YL, Galloway DA. Prior human polyomavirus and papillomavirus infection and incident lung cancer: a nested case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1835-44. [PMID: 26415892 PMCID: PMC4628600 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test whether infection with select human polyomaviruses (HPyV) and human papillomaviruses (HPV) is associated with incident lung cancer. METHODS We performed a nested case-control study, testing serum from the carotene and retinol efficacy trial, conducted 1985-2005, for antibodies to Merkel cell (MCV), KI (KIV), and WU (WUV) HPyVs as well as to six high-risk and two low-risk HPV types. Incident lung cancer cases (n = 200) were frequency-matched with controls (n = 200) on age, enrollment and blood draw dates, intervention arm assignment, and the number of serum freeze/thaw cycles. Sera were tested using multiplex liquid bead microarray antibody assays. We used logistic regression to assess the association between HPyV and HPV antibodies and lung cancer. RESULTS There was no evidence of a positive association between levels of MCV, KIV, or WUV antibodies and incident lung cancer (p corrected >0.10 for all trend tests; odds ratio (OR) range 0.72-1.09, p corrected >0.10 for all). There was also no evidence for a positive association between HPV 16 or 18 infection and incident lung cancer (p corrected ≥0.10 for all trend tests; OR range 0.25-2.54, p > 0.05 for all OR > 1), but the number of persons with serologic evidence of these infections was small. CONCLUSIONS Prior infection with any of several types of HPyV or HPV was not associated with subsequent diagnosis of lung cancer. Infection with these viruses likely does not influence a person's risk of lung cancer in Western smoking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny V Colombara
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building F-250, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195-7236, USA.
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA.
| | - Lisa E Manhart
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building F-250, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195-7236, USA
| | - Joseph J Carter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Stephen E Hawes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building F-250, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195-7236, USA
| | - Noel S Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building F-250, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195-7236, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - James P Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, F-600, Health Sciences Building, Box 357232, Seattle, WA, 98195-7232, USA
| | - Matt J Barnett
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Gary E Goodman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Jennifer S Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 South Pan Jia Yuan Lane, Chaoyang Dist., P. O. Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Denise A Galloway
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
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Colombara DV, Hughes JP, Burnett-Hartman AN, Hawes SE, Galloway DA, Schwartz SM, Bostick RM, Potter JD, Manhart LE. Analysis of liquid bead microarray antibody assay data for epidemiologic studies of pathogen-cancer associations. J Immunol Methods 2015; 425:45-50. [PMID: 26071614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid bead microarray antibody (LBMA) assays are used to assess pathogen-cancer associations. However, studies analyze LBMA data differently, limiting comparability. METHODS We generated 10,000 Monte Carlo-type simulations of log-normal antibody distributions (exposure) with 200 cases and 200 controls (outcome). We estimated type I error rates, statistical power, and bias associated with t-tests, logistic regression with a linear exposure and with the exposure dichotomized at 200 units, 400 units, the mean among controls plus two standard deviations, and the value corresponding to the optimal sensitivity and specificity. We also applied these models, and data visualizations (kernel density plots, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, predicted probability plots, and Q-Q plots), to two empirical datasets to assess the consistency of the exposure-outcome relationship. RESULTS All strategies had acceptable type I error rates (0.03 ≤ P ≤ 0.048), except for the dichotomization according to optimal sensitivity and specificity, which had a type I error rate of 0.27. Among the remaining methods, logistic regression with a linear predictor (Power=1.00) and t-tests (Power=1.00) had the highest power to detect a mean difference of 1.0 MFI (median fluorescence intensity) on the log scale and were unbiased. Dichotomization methods upwardly biased the risk estimates. CONCLUSION These results indicate that logistic regression with linear predictors and unpaired t-tests are superior to logistic regression with dichotomized predictors for assessing disease associations with LBMA data. Logistic regression with continuous linear predictors and t-tests are preferable to commonly used LBMA dichotomization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny V Colombara
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, F-263 Health Sciences Building, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA.
| | - James P Hughes
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, F-600 Health Sciences Building, Box 357232, Seattle, WA 98195-7232, USA
| | - Andrea N Burnett-Hartman
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, F-263 Health Sciences Building, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA
| | - Stephen E Hawes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, F-263 Health Sciences Building, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA
| | - Denise A Galloway
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357735, Seattle, WA 98195-7735, USA
| | - Stephen M Schwartz
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, F-263 Health Sciences Building, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365-C Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, F-263 Health Sciences Building, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA; Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lisa E Manhart
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, F-263 Health Sciences Building, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA; University of Washington Center for AIDS and STD, 325 9th Ave, Campus Box 359931, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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De Paoli P, Carbone A. Carcinogenic viruses and solid cancers without sufficient evidence of causal association. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1517-29. [PMID: 23280523 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are important risk factors for tumor development in humans. Selected types of cancers, either lymphomas or carcinomas, for which there is sufficient evidence in humans of a causal association with specific viruses, have been identified. Experimental and clinical data on the possible association of other tumor types and carcinogenic viruses are presently controversial. In this article, we review the current evidence on the relationship between breast, colorectal and lung cancers and carcinogenic viruses. The majority of the publications reviewed do not provide definitive evidence that the viruses studied are associated with breast, colon and lung cancers. However, since this association may be clinically relevant for some tumor subtypes (i.e., lung cancer and papillomaviruses), there is an urgent need for further investigation on this topic. Using innovative laboratory techniques for viral detection on well-defined tumor types, National and International networks against cancer should encourage and organize concerted research programs on viruses and solid cancer association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo De Paoli
- Scientific Directorate, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Franco Gallini 2, Aviano, Italy.
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