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Chen Y, Sadasivan SM, She R, Datta I, Taneja K, Chitale D, Gupta N, Davis MB, Newman LA, Rogers CG, Paris PL, Li J, Rybicki BA, Levin AM. Breast and prostate cancers harbor common somatic copy number alterations that consistently differ by race and are associated with survival. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:116. [PMID: 32819446 PMCID: PMC7441621 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pan-cancer studies of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) have demonstrated common SCNA patterns across cancer types, but despite demonstrable differences in aggressiveness of some cancers by race, pan-cancer SCNA variation by race has not been explored. This study investigated a) racial differences in SCNAs in both breast and prostate cancer, b) the degree to which they are shared across cancers, and c) the impact of these shared, race-differentiated SCNAs on cancer survival. Methods Utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), SCNAs were identified using GISTIC 2.0, and in each tumor type, differences in SCNA magnitude between African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) were tested using linear regression. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the copy number of genes residing in race-differentiated SCNAs shared between tumor types was used to identify SCNA-defined patient groups, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to test for association between those groups and overall/progression-free survival (PFS). Results We identified SCNAs that differed by race in breast (n = 58 SCNAs; permutation p < 10− 4) and prostate tumors (n = 78 SCNAs; permutation p = 0.006). Six race-differentiated SCNAs common to breast and prostate found at chromosomes 5q11.2-q14.1, 5q15-q21.1, 8q21.11-q21.13, 8q21.3-q24.3, 11q22.3, and 13q12.3-q21.3 had consistent differences by race across both tumor types, and all six were of higher magnitude in AAs, with the chromosome 8q regions being the only amplifications. Higher magnitude copy number differences in AAs were also identified at two of these race-differentiated SCNAs in two additional hormonally-driven tumor types: endometrial (8q21.3-q24.3 and 13q12.3-q21.3) and ovarian (13q12.3-q21.3) cancers. Race differentiated SCNA-defined patient groups were significantly associated with survival differences in both cancer types, and these groups also differentiated within triple negative breast cancers based on PFS. While the frequency of the SCNA-defined patient groups differed by race, their effects on survival did not. Conclusions This study identified race-differentiated SCNAs shared by two related cancers. The association of SCNA-defined patient groups with survival demonstrates the clinical significance of combinations of these race-differentiated genomic aberrations, and the higher frequency of these alterations in AA relative to EA patients may explain racial disparities in risk of aggressive breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sudha M Sadasivan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ruicong She
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kanika Taneja
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dhananjay Chitale
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for the Study of Breast Cancer Subtypes, Breast Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nilesh Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Melissa B Davis
- Center for the Study of Breast Cancer Subtypes, Breast Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A Newman
- Center for the Study of Breast Cancer Subtypes, Breast Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig G Rogers
- Vattikuti Urologic Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Pamela L Paris
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Yuan J, Kensler KH, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Jiang J, Xu M, Pan Y, Long M, Montone KT, Tanyi JL, Fan Y, Zhang R, Hu X, Rebbeck TR, Zhang L. Integrative comparison of the genomic and transcriptomic landscape between prostate cancer patients of predominantly African or European genetic ancestry. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008641. [PMID: 32059012 PMCID: PMC7046294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Men of predominantly African Ancestry (AA) have higher prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and worse survival than men of predominantly European Ancestry (EA). While socioeconomic factors drive this disparity, genomic factors may also contribute to differences in the incidence and mortality rates. To compare the prevalence of prostate tumor genomic alterations and transcriptomic profiles by patient genetic ancestry, we evaluated genomic profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CaP cohort (n = 498). Patient global and local genetic ancestry were estimated by computational algorithms using genotyping data; 414 (83.1%) were EA, 61 (12.2%) were AA, 11 (2.2%) were East Asian Ancestry (EAA), 10 (2.0%) were Native American (NA), and 2 (0.4%) were other ancestry. Genetic ancestry was highly concordant with self-identified race/ethnicity. Subsequent analyses were limited to 61 AA and 414 EA cases. Significant differences were observed by ancestry in the frequency of SPOP mutations (20.3% AA vs. 10.0% EA; p = 5.6×10-03), TMPRSS2-ERG fusions (29.3% AA vs. 39.6% EA; p = 4.4×10-02), and PTEN deletions/losses (11.5% AA vs. 30.2% EA; p = 3.5×10-03). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AAs and EAs showed significant enrichment for prostate eQTL target genes (p = 8.09×10-48). Enrichment of highly expressed DEGs for immune-related pathways was observed in AAs, and for PTEN/PI3K signaling in EAs. Nearly one-third of DEGs (31.3%) were long non-coding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs). The proportion of DE-lncRNAs with higher expression in AAs greatly exceeded that with lower expression in AAs (p = 1.2×10-125). Both ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data suggested a stronger regulatory role for AR signaling pathways in DE-lncRNAs vs. non-DE-lncRNAs. CaP-related oncogenic lncRNAs, such as PVT1, PCAT1 and PCAT10/CTBP1-AS, were found to be more highly expressed in AAs. We report substantial heterogeneity in the prostate tumor genome and transcriptome between EA and AA. These differences may be biological contributors to racial disparities in CaP incidence and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yuan
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women’s Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kevin H. Kensler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhongyi Hu
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women’s Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Youyou Zhang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women’s Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tianli Zhang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women’s Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women’s Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mu Xu
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women’s Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yutian Pan
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women’s Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Meixiao Long
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kathleen T. Montone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Janos L. Tanyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women’s Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women’s Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Validation of GEMCaP as a DNA Based Biomarker to Predict Prostate Cancer Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy. J Urol 2018; 199:719-725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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O'Malley PG, Nguyen DP, Al Hussein Al Awamlh B, Wu G, Thompson IM, Sanda M, Rubin M, Wei JT, Lee R, Christos P, Barbieri C, Scherr DS. Racial Variation in the Utility of Urinary Biomarkers PCA3 and T2ERG in a Large Multicenter Study. J Urol 2017; 198:42-49. [PMID: 28115190 PMCID: PMC5568076 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To our knowledge it is unknown whether urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer have added utility to clinical risk calculators in different racial groups. We examined the utility of urinary biomarkers added to clinical risk calculators for predicting prostate cancer in African American and nonAfrican American men. MATERIALS AND METHODS Demographics, PCPT (Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial) risk scores, data on the biomarkers data PCA3 (prostate cancer antigen 3) and T2ERG (transmembrane protease serine 2 and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog gene fusion), and biopsy pathology features were prospectively collected on 718 men as part of EDRN (Early Detection Research Network). Utility was determined by generating ROC curves and comparing AUC values for the baseline multivariable PCPT model and for models containing biomarker scores. RESULTS PCA3 and T2ERG added utility for the prediction of prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer when combined with the PCPT Risk Calculator. This utility was seen in nonAfrican American men only for PCA3 (AUC 0.64 increased to 0.75 for prostate cancer and to 0.69-0.77 for clinically significant prostate cancer, both p <0.001) and for T2ERG (AUC 0.64-0.74 for prostate cancer, p <0.001, and 0.69-0.73 for clinically significant prostate cancer, p = 0.029). African American men did not have an added benefit with the addition of biomarkers, including PCA3 (AUC 0.75-0.77, p = 0.64, and 0.65-0.66, p = 0.74) and T2ERG (AUC 0.75-0.74, p = 0.74, and 0.65-0.64, p = 0.88), for prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer, respectively. Limitations include the small number of African American men (72). The post hoc subgroup analysis nature of the study limited findings to being hypothesis generating. CONCLUSIONS As novel biomarkers are discovered, clinical utility should be established across demographically diverse cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padraic G O'Malley
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.
| | | | | | - Guojiao Wu
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Ian M Thompson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Martin Sanda
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark Rubin
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - John T Wei
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Livonia, Michigan
| | - Richard Lee
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Paul Christos
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Barbieri
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Douglas S Scherr
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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Lindquist KJ, Paris PL, Hoffmann TJ, Cardin NJ, Kazma R, Mefford JA, Simko JP, Ngo V, Chen Y, Levin AM, Chitale D, Helfand BT, Catalona WJ, Rybicki BA, Witte JS. Mutational Landscape of Aggressive Prostate Tumors in African American Men. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1860-8. [PMID: 26921337 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and second most fatal nonskin cancer among men in the United States. African American men are two times more likely to develop and die of prostate cancer compared with men of other ancestries. Previous whole genome or exome tumor-sequencing studies of prostate cancer have primarily focused on men of European ancestry. In this study, we sequenced and characterized somatic mutations in aggressive (Gleason ≥7, stage ≥T2b) prostate tumors from 24 African American patients. We describe the locations and prevalence of small somatic mutations (up to 50 bases in length), copy number aberrations, and structural rearrangements in the tumor genomes compared with patient-matched normal genomes. We observed several mutation patterns consistent with previous studies, such as large copy number aberrations in chromosome 8 and complex rearrangement chains. However, TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions and PTEN losses occurred in only 21% and 8% of the African American patients, respectively, far less common than in patients of European ancestry. We also identified mutations that appeared specific to or more common in African American patients, including a novel CDC27-OAT gene fusion occurring in 17% of patients. The genomic aberrations reported in this study warrant further investigation of their biologic significant role in the incidence and clinical outcomes of prostate cancer in African Americans. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1860-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla J Lindquist
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pamela L Paris
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Niall J Cardin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rémi Kazma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joel A Mefford
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey P Simko
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Vy Ngo
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yalei Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dhananjay Chitale
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - William J Catalona
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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6
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the past several years, multiple biomarkers designed to improve prostate cancer risk stratification have become commercially available, while others are still being developed. In this review, we focus on the evidence supporting recently reported biomarkers, with a focus on gene expression signatures. RECENT FINDINGS Many recently developed biomarkers are able to improve upon traditional risk assessment at nearly all stages of disease. Prominent examples are reviewed in this article. ConfirmMDx uses gene methylation patterns to improve detection of clinically significant cancer following negative biopsy. Both the Prolaris and Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score tests can improve risk stratification following biopsy, especially among men who are eligible for active surveillance. Prolaris and the Decipher genomic classifier have been associated with risk of adverse outcome following prostatectomy, while Oncotype DX is being studied in this setting. Finally, recent reports of the association of androgen receptor-V7 in circulating tumor cells with resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone raise the possibility of extending the use of genetic biomarkers to advanced disease. SUMMARY With the development of multiple genetic expression panels in prostate cancer, careful study and validation of these tests and integration into clinical practice will be critical to realizing the potential of these tools.
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