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Anderson-Vildósola J, Hernández-Martín Á. Addressing Frequently Asked Questions and Dispelling Myths About Melanocytic Nevi in Children. Dermatol Clin 2021; 40:51-59. [PMID: 34799035 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytic nevi are congenital or acquired benign melanocytic neoplasms. The reason for the appearance of melanocytic nevi is not precisely known. Melanocytic nevi frequently occur in children, constituting a common reason for consultation in pediatric dermatology clinics. In our experience, many parents and caregivers present doubts and fears based more on popular beliefs than on data with valid scientific evidence. This review answers their frequently asked questions, such as the risk of malignancy, the importance of nevi location, the warning signs of malignant transformation, best prevention strategies, and optimal management, based on the most recent scientific evidence available.
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Familial Melanoma and Susceptibility Genes: A Review of the Most Common Clinical and Dermoscopic Phenotypic Aspect, Associated Malignancies and Practical Tips for Management. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163760. [PMID: 34442055 PMCID: PMC8397216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A family history of melanoma greatly increases the risk of developing cutaneous melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer whose incidence has been steadily increasing worldwide. Familial melanomas account for about 10% of all malignant melanomas and display an inheritance pattern consistent with the presence of pathogenic germline mutations, among which those involving CDKN2A are the best characterized. In recent years, a growing number of genes, such as MC1R, MITF, CDK4, POT1, TERT, ACD, TERF2IP, and BAP1, have been implicated in familial melanoma. The fact that individuals harboring these germline mutations along with their close blood relatives have a higher risk of developing multiple primary melanomas as well as other internal organ malignancies, especially pancreatic cancer, makes cascade genetic testing and surveillance of these families of the utmost importance. Unfortunately, due to a polygenic inheritance mechanism involving multiple low-risk alleles, genetic modifiers, and environmental factors, it is still very difficult to predict the presence of these mutations. It is, however, known that germline mutation carriers can sometimes develop specific clinical traits, such as high atypical nevus counts and specific dermoscopic features, which could theoretically help clinicians predict the presence of these mutations in prone families. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the high- and intermediate-penetrance genes primarily linked to familial melanoma, highlighting their most frequently associated non-cutaneous malignancies and clinical/dermoscopic phenotypes.
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Abstract
Variants in the Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) gene have been associated with an increased risk of melanoma, but the role in nevus count is unclear. We investigated if specific MC1R gene variants or the number of MC1R gene variants and phenotypical features were associated with nevus count. A total of 494 participants of the 'Leiden skin cancer study' were included and the MC1R gene coding sequence was analysed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis followed by sequencing of unknown variants. The association between MC1R gene variants and nevus count and the association between age, gender and phenotypical features and nevus count were studied using the Chi-square test. Study of nine frequently occurring MC1R gene variants in participants without skin cancer (n = 203) showed that the 'r' Val60Leu variant was significantly associated with high nevus count (>50 nevi) (P = 0.017). This association was very strong among women (P < 0.001), but not present among men. Having one or two MC1R variants in general did not show a significant difference in the nevus count. Hair colour, skin type, eye colour and age were not significantly associated with nevus count, whereas gender showed a significant association (P = 0.008), with the highest nevus counts in female. The Val60Leu variant of the MC1R gene could be a promising candidate as an independent predictor of high nevus count, particularly in women. This information about the genetic makeup could promote personalized follow-up strategies and might help to prevent skin cancer in the future.
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Kim WS, Seo JH, Lee JI, Ko ES, Cho SM, Kang JR, Jeong JH, Jeong YJ, Kim CY, Cha JD, Ryu YB. The Metabolite Profile in Culture Supernatant of Aster yomena Callus and Its Anti-Photoaging Effect in Skin Cells Exposed to UVB. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040659. [PMID: 33808279 PMCID: PMC8066191 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aster yomena (A. yomena) extract has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-asthma, and anti-atopic effects. However, the commercial use of A. yomena extract requires a long processing time with specific processing steps (including heat treatment and ethanol precipitation), and there are various environmental problems. We aimed to build a system to produce A. yomena extract by culturing the callus in a bioreactor that can allow rapid process scale-up to test the effect of extract (AYC-CS-E) isolated from culture supernatant of A. yomena callus on photoaging of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. Through screening analysis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS), 17 major metabolites were tentatively identified from AYC-CS-E for the first time. The suppression of cell proliferation caused by UVB was effectively alleviated in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells treated with AYC-CS-E. Treatment with AYC-CS-E strongly induced the formation of type I procollagen and the inhibition of elastase in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells and significantly reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1. In addition, treatment of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells with AYC-CS-E effectively improved various factors associated with an inflammatory reaction, skin damage recovery, skin moisture retention, and hyper-keratinization caused by photoaging, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), MMP-3, MMP-9, filaggrin, hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS-2), keratin 1 (KRT-1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) at the gene and protein levels. These results suggest that AYC-CS-E can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for various skin diseases caused by photoaging, and the current callus culture system can be used commercially to supply cosmetic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (W.S.K.); (J.-I.L.); (Y.J.J.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Jeong Hun Seo
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jae-In Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (W.S.K.); (J.-I.L.); (Y.J.J.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Eun-Sil Ko
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Sang-Min Cho
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jea-Ran Kang
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (W.S.K.); (J.-I.L.); (Y.J.J.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (W.S.K.); (J.-I.L.); (Y.J.J.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Jeong-Dan Cha
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.-D.C.); (Y.-B.R.); Tel.: +82-63-263-0001 (J.-D.C.); +82-63-570-5171 (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (W.S.K.); (J.-I.L.); (Y.J.J.); (C.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.-D.C.); (Y.-B.R.); Tel.: +82-63-263-0001 (J.-D.C.); +82-63-570-5171 (Y.-B.R.)
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5
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Stefanaki I, Stratigos AJ, Kypreou KP, Evangelou E, Gandini S, Maisonneuve P, Polsky D, Lazovich D, Newton-Bishop J, Kanetsky PA, Puig S, Gruis NA, Ghiorzo P, Pellegrini C, De Nicolo A, Ribas G, Guida G, Garcia-Borron JC, Fargnoli MC, Nan H, Landi MT, Little J, Sera F, Raimondi S. MC1R variants in relation to naevi in melanoma cases and controls: a pooled analysis from the M-SKIP project. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e135-e138. [PMID: 32780924 PMCID: PMC8327925 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Stefanaki
- 1st Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A J Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K P Kypreou
- 1st Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Gandini
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - P Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - D Polsky
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Lazovich
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - S Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N A Gruis
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Ghiorzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Pellegrini
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A De Nicolo
- Cancer Genomics Program, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - G Ribas
- Dptd. Oncologia medica y hematologia, Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Guida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - J C Garcia-Borron
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - M C Fargnoli
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, IU Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M T Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - F Sera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S Raimondi
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Markiewicz E, Idowu OC. Melanogenic Difference Consideration in Ethnic Skin Type: A Balance Approach Between Skin Brightening Applications and Beneficial Sun Exposure. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:215-232. [PMID: 32210602 PMCID: PMC7069578 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s245043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human skin demonstrates a striking variation in tone and color that is evident among multiple demographic populations. Such characteristics are determined predominantly by the expression of the genes controlling the quantity and quality of melanin, which can alter significantly due to the presence of small nucleotide polymorphism affecting various steps of the melanogenesis process and generally linked to the lighter skin phenotypes. Genetically determined, constitutive skin color is additionally complemented by the facultative melanogenesis and tanning responses; with high levels of melanin and melanogenic factors broadly recognized to have a protective effect against the UVR-induced molecular damage in darker skin. Long-term sun exposure, together with a genetic makeup responsible for the ability to tan or the activity of constitutive melanogenic factors, triggers defects in pigmentation across all ethnic skin types. However, sun exposure also has well documented beneficial effects that manifest at both skin homeostasis and the systemic level, such as synthesis of vitamin D, which is thought to be less efficient in the presence of high levels of melanin or potentially linked to the polymorphism in the genes responsible for skin darkening triggered by UVR. In this review, we discuss melanogenesis in a context of constitutive pigmentation, defined by gene polymorphism in ethnic skin types, and facultative pigmentation that is not only associated with the capacity to protect the skin against photo-damage but could also have an impact on vitamin D synthesis through gene polymorphism. Modulating the activities of melanogenic genes, with the focus on the markers specifically altered by polymorphism combined with differential requirements of sun exposure in ethnic skin types, could enhance the applications of already existing skin brightening factors and provide a novel approach toward improved skin tone and health in personalized skincare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Markiewicz
- Hexis Lab Limited, The Core, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5TF, UK
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Genes Determining Nevus Count and Dermoscopic Appearance in Australian Melanoma Cases and Controls. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:498-501.e17. [PMID: 31421127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Duffy D, Lee K, Jagirdar K, Pflugfelder A, Stark M, McMeniman E, Soyer H, Sturm R. High naevus count and
MC
1R
red hair alleles contribute synergistically to increased melanoma risk. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1009-1016. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.L. Duffy
- Dermatology Research Centre The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - K.J. Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - K. Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - A. Pflugfelder
- Dermatology Research Centre The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center Tübingen Germany
| | - M.S. Stark
- Dermatology Research Centre The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - E.K. McMeniman
- Dermatology Research Centre The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
- Department of Dermatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - H.P. Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
- Department of Dermatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - R.A. Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
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9
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Abstract
Human skin and hair color are visible traits that can vary dramatically within and across ethnic populations. The genetic makeup of these traits-including polymorphisms in the enzymes and signaling proteins involved in melanogenesis, and the vital role of ion transport mechanisms operating during the maturation and distribution of the melanosome-has provided new insights into the regulation of pigmentation. A large number of novel loci involved in the process have been recently discovered through four large-scale genome-wide association studies in Europeans, two large genetic studies of skin color in Africans, one study in Latin Americans, and functional testing in animal models. The responsible polymorphisms within these pigmentation genes appear at different population frequencies, can be used as ancestry-informative markers, and provide insight into the evolutionary selective forces that have acted to create this human diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Pavan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Richard A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia;
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Li WQ, Cho E, Weinstock MA, Li S, Stampfer MJ, Qureshi AA. Cutaneous nevi and risk of melanoma death in women and men: A prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:1284-1291. [PMID: 30639880 PMCID: PMC6462416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was unclear whether an increased number of common nevi (moles) predicts melanoma death. OBJECTIVE We prospectively examined the association between number of common nevi and risk of melanoma death. METHODS Our study used data from the Nurses' Health Study (n = 77,288 women) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n = 32,455 men). In 1986, participants were asked about the number of moles they had with a ≥3-mm diameter on the upper extremity, and we stratified their answers into 3 categories (none, 1-2, or ≥3) on the basis of data distribution. RESULTS During follow-up (1986-2012), 2452 melanoma cases were pathologically confirmed; among these, we identified 196 deaths due to melanoma. Increased number of nevi was associated with melanoma death; the hazard ratio (HR) for ≥3 nevi compared with no nevi was 2.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50-4.12) for women and 3.97 (95% CI 2.54-6.22) for men. Among melanoma cases, increased number of nevi was associated with melanoma death in men (≥3 nevi, HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.17-3.05) but not in women. Similarly, the number of nevi was positively associated with Breslow thickness in men only (Ptrend = .01). LIMITATIONS This is an epidemiologic study without examination into mechanisms. CONCLUSION Increased number of cutaneous nevi was significantly associated with melanoma death. High nevus count might serve as an independent prognostic factor to predict the risk of melanoma death particularly among male melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China; Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin A Weinstock
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Center for Dermatoepidemiology, VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Pellegrini C, Botta F, Massi D, Martorelli C, Facchetti F, Gandini S, Maisonneuve P, Avril MF, Demenais F, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Hoiom V, Cust AE, Anton-Culver H, Gruber SB, Gallagher RP, Marrett L, Zanetti R, Dwyer T, Thomas NE, Begg CB, Berwick M, Puig S, Potrony M, Nagore E, Ghiorzo P, Menin C, Manganoni AM, Rodolfo M, Brugnara S, Passoni E, Sekulovic LK, Baldini F, Guida G, Stratigos A, Ozdemir F, Ayala F, Fernandez-de-Misa R, Quaglino P, Ribas G, Romanini A, Migliano E, Stanganelli I, Kanetsky PA, Pizzichetta MA, García-Borrón JC, Nan H, Landi MT, Little J, Newton-Bishop J, Sera F, Fargnoli MC, Raimondi S. MC1R variants in childhood and adolescent melanoma: a retrospective pooled analysis of a multicentre cohort. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2019; 3:332-342. [PMID: 30872112 PMCID: PMC6942319 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline variants in the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) might increase the risk of childhood and adolescent melanoma, but a clear conclusion is challenging because of the low number of studies and cases. We assessed the association of MC1R variants with childhood and adolescent melanoma in a large study comparing the prevalence of MC1R variants in child or adolescent patients with melanoma to that in adult patients with melanoma and in healthy adult controls. METHODS In this retrospective pooled analysis, we used the M-SKIP Project, the Italian Melanoma Intergroup, and other European groups (with participants from Australia, Canada, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and the USA) to assemble an international multicentre cohort. We gathered phenotypic and genetic data from children or adolescents diagnosed with sporadic single-primary cutaneous melanoma at age 20 years or younger, adult patients with sporadic single-primary cutaneous melanoma diagnosed at age 35 years or older, and healthy adult individuals as controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for childhood and adolescent melanoma associated with MC1R variants by multivariable logistic regression. Subgroup analysis was done for children aged 18 or younger and 14 years or younger. FINDINGS We analysed data from 233 young patients, 932 adult patients, and 932 healthy adult controls. Children and adolescents had higher odds of carrying MC1R r variants than did adult patients (OR 1·54, 95% CI 1·02-2·33), including when analysis was restricted to patients aged 18 years or younger (1·80, 1·06-3·07). All investigated variants, except Arg160Trp, tended, to varying degrees, to have higher frequencies in young patients than in adult patients, with significantly higher frequencies found for Val60Leu (OR 1·60, 95% CI 1·05-2·44; p=0·04) and Asp294His (2·15, 1·05-4·40; p=0·04). Compared with those of healthy controls, young patients with melanoma had significantly higher frequencies of any MC1R variants. INTERPRETATION Our pooled analysis of MC1R genetic data of young patients with melanoma showed that MC1R r variants were more prevalent in childhood and adolescent melanoma than in adult melanoma, especially in patients aged 18 years or younger. Our findings support the role of MC1R in childhood and adolescent melanoma susceptibility, with a potential clinical relevance for developing early melanoma detection and preventive strategies. FUNDING SPD-Pilot/Project-Award-2015; AIRC-MFAG-11831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pellegrini
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Botta
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Massi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Martorelli
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie-Françoise Avril
- APHP, Dermatology Department, Hôpital Cochin and Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Florence Demenais
- Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit (UMR-946), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | | | - Veronica Hoiom
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne E Cust
- Sydney School of Public Health and Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard P Gallagher
- British Columbia Cancer and Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Roberto Zanetti
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Terence Dwyer
- George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nancy E Thomas
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Colin B Begg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marianne Berwick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Menin
- Diagnostic Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Monica Rodolfo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Passoni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Baldini
- Division of Melanoma, Sarcoma and Rare Cancer, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alexandros Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fezal Ozdemir
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fabrizio Ayala
- Melanoma Unit, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli, Italia
| | - Ricardo Fernandez-de-Misa
- Dermatology Service, University Hospital Nuestra Senora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gloria Ribas
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonella Romanini
- US Ambulatori Melanomi, Sarcomi e Tumori Rari, UO Oncologia Medica 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Santa Chiara, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Plastic Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute of Romagna for the Study and Treatment of Cancer and University of Parma, Meldola, Italy
| | - Peter A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Jose Carlos García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Research at St James', University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maria Concetta Fargnoli
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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12
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MC1R minor variants and the multiple pathways to melanoma. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2019; 3:287-288. [PMID: 30872113 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Smith DJM. The Melanocortin 1 receptor and its influence on naevi and melanoma in dark-skinned phenotypes. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 60:192-199. [PMID: 30585306 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well appreciated that melanocortin 1 receptor variants can produce a fair skinned and red-haired phenotype that has a strong association with increased melanoma risk. These patients are easily recognised and given appropriate attention. What may not be appreciated is that darker-skinned individuals may also carry melanocortin 1 receptor variant alleles and that they can also be at increased risk of melanoma. Considering that melanocortin 1 receptor is crucial for melanocyte proliferation, regulation and differentiation do the naevi of these darker-skinned individuals have specific features that help identify them as carrying one of these melanocortin 1 receptor variants and do melanomas that develop in dark-skinned melanocortin 1 receptor variant carriers have particular characteristics?
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14
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De Giorgi V, Gori A, Greco A, Savarese I, Alfaioli B, Grazzini M, Rossari S, Papi F, Scarfi F, Janowska A, D’Errico A, Salvati L, Covarelli P, Gandini S. Sun-Protection Behavior, Pubertal Development and Menarche: Factors Influencing the Melanocytic Nevi Development—The Results of an Observational Study of 1,512 Children. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2144-2151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Hernando B, Sanz-Page E, Pitarch G, Mahiques L, Valcuende-Cavero F, Martinez-Cadenas C. Genetic variants associated with skin photosensitivity in a southern European population from Spain. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2018; 34:415-422. [PMID: 29974532 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Recent GWAS studies, mostly performed in populations of North European origin, have identified the genetic loci associated with pigmentation, sun sensitivity, freckling and skin cancer susceptibility. Here, we aimed at addressing the genetic determinants of sunlight sensitivity in Spain, a southern European population. METHODS Nine SNPs located in 8 pigmentation-related genes (IRF4, TYR, ASP, HERC2, OCA2, BNC2, SLC24A4 and SLC45A2) were genotyped in 456 Spaniards. Additionally, the complete sequence of the MC1R gene was obtained, testing each nonsynonymous mutation supported by the classification as R or r alleles. A standardised questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, pigmentation and sun sensitivity traits, as well as sun exposure habits. RESULTS MC1R R alleles and IRF4 rs12203592 were significantly associated with sunlight sensitivity at the Bonferroni-corrected level (P-value < 4.54 × 10-3 ). Genetic variants in SLC45A2 (rs16891982) and HERC2 (rs12913832) were also found to be significantly associated with skin photosensitivity in our Spanish sample. Interaction analysis using the MDR method revealed epistatic effects when these four variants were considered together. CONCLUSION MC1R, IRF4, HERC2 and SLC45A2 play a significant role in skin sensitivity to sunlight in the Spanish population. Moreover, interaction among these four loci seems to modulate the ability of the skin to respond to UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hernando
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Elena Sanz-Page
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Gerard Pitarch
- Department of Dermatology, Castellon University General Hospital, Castellon, Spain
| | - Laura Mahiques
- Department of Dermatology, Castellon University General Hospital, Castellon, Spain
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16
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Laino AM, Berry EG, Jagirdar K, Lee KJ, Duffy DL, Soyer HP, Sturm RA. Iris pigmented lesions as a marker of cutaneous melanoma risk: an Australian case-control study. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1119-1127. [PMID: 29315480 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iris naevi and iris freckles have a frequency of 4% and 50% in the European population, respectively. They are associated with dysplastic naevi, but few studies have examined their link to cutaneous melanoma. OBJECTIVES To assess whether iris pigmented lesions are a predictive indicator for cutaneous melanoma. METHODS This is a melanoma case-control study of 1254 European-background Australians. Sun exposure and melanoma history, a saliva sample for DNA analysis and eye photographs taken with a digital camera were collected from 1117 participants. Iris images were assessed by up to four trained observers for the number of iris pigmented lesions. The data were analysed for correlations between iris pigmented lesions and melanoma history. RESULTS Case participants over the age of 40 had similar numbers of iris pigmented lesions to age matched controls (mean 5·7 vs. 5·2, P = 0·02), but in younger case and control participants there was a greater difference (mean 3·96 vs. 2·19, P = 0·004). A logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, skin, hair and eye colour, skin freckling and naevus count found that the presence of three or more iris pigmented lesions increases the melanoma risk 1·45-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·07-1·95]. HERC2/OCA2 rs12913832 and IRF4 rs12203592 influenced both eye colour and the number of iris pigmented lesions. On the HERC2/OCA2 A/A and A/G genotype background there was an increasing proportion of blue eye colour when carrying the IRF4 T allele (P = 3 × 10-4 ) and a higher number of iris pigmented lesions with the IRF4 T/T homozygote (P = 3 × 10-9 ). CONCLUSIONS Iris pigmented lesion count provides additional predictive information for melanoma risk above that from conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Laino
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - E G Berry
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30309, GA, U.S.A
| | - K Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - K J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - D L Duffy
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - R A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
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17
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Li X, Lee KJ, Duffy DL, Xu D, Basude MER, Hu Y, Zhang H, Jagirdar K, Soyer HP, Dong H, Sturm RA. Acquired melanocytic naevus phenotypes and MC1R genotypes in Han Chinese: a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2018; 5:e4168. [PMID: 29340229 PMCID: PMC5741976 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection and treatment are the most important elements in reducing the incidence of melanoma deaths. Acquired melanocytic naevi (AMN) are well-known precursors of melanoma but most of our knowledge on the clinico-dermoscopic phenotypes of AMN is based on studies in European-background populations, particularly American and Australian populations. There has been little research in Chinese Han populations on clinico-dermoscopic variability of naevi or how naevi are affected by melanoma-linked variants of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene. Methods Clinical and dermoscopic features of 448 AMN in 115 patients from the Han ethnic group in mainland China were described. Germline polymorphisms in MC1R were determined for 98 of these patients. Results AMN were predominantly found on the head and neck. Dermoscopic patterns observed were nonspecific, reticular, globular, and parallel furrow, with most AMN having a nonspecific pattern. There were no associations between MC1R polymorphisms and clinical or dermoscopic features of AMN. Discussion Our results provide evidence that AMN in the Han population in China have similar dermoscopic patterns to those in European populations, but are present in much lower numbers. As there were no associations between clinical or dermoscopic features of AMN and MC1R polymorphisms, further studies should focus on candidate gene associations with AMN features and the risk of melanoma, with larger sample sizes and comparisons to AMN in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key-Disciplines Laboratory, Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Katie J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David L Duffy
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key-Disciplines Laboratory, Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Madhur Eshwar Rao Basude
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key-Disciplines Laboratory, Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Vinayaka Missions Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kasturee Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Huiting Dong
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key-Disciplines Laboratory, Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Richard A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Vallone MG, Tell-Marti G, Potrony M, Rebollo-Morell A, Badenas C, Puig-Butille JA, Gimenez-Xavier P, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms' influence on size and dermoscopic features of nevi. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:39-50. [PMID: 28950052 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a highly polymorphic gene. The loss-of-function MC1R variants ("R") have been strongly associated with red hair color phenotype and an increased melanoma risk. We sequenced the MC1R gene in 175 healthy individuals to assess the influence of MC1R on nevus phenotype. We identified that MC1R variant carriers had larger nevi both on the back [p-value = .016, adjusted for multiple parameters (adj. p-value)] and on the upper limbs (adj. p-value = .007). Specifically, we identified a positive association between the "R" MC1R variants and visible vessels in nevi [p-value = .033, corrected using the FDR method for multiple comparisons (corrected p-value)], dots and globules in nevi (corrected p-value = .033), nevi with eccentric hyperpigmentation (corrected p-value = .033), a high degree of freckling (adj. p-value = .019), and an associative trend with presence of blue nevi (corrected p-value = .120). In conclusion, the MC1R gene appears to influence the nevus phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Vallone
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gemma Tell-Marti
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Rebollo-Morell
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butille
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Gimenez-Xavier
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Kricker A, Weber M, Sitas F, Banks E, Rahman B, Goumas C, Kabir A, Hodgkinson VS, van Kemenade CH, Waterboer T, Armstrong BK. Early Life UV and Risk of Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in New South Wales, Australia. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1483-1491. [PMID: 28710897 DOI: 10.1111/php.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sun exposure is the main cause of squamous (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) although pattern and amount differ by cancer type, and sun sensitivity is the major host risk factor. Our study investigated risk factors and residential ambient UV in a population-based sample of Australian 45 and Up Study participants: 916 BCC cases, 433 SCC cases, 1224 controls. Unconditional logistic regression models adjusting for key covariates demonstrated 60% increased BCC risk and two-fold increased SCC risk with sun sensitivity, and three- and four-fold increased risk, respectively, with solar keratoses. BCC but not SCC risk increased with higher early-life residential UV in all participants (odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95% CI 1.22-1.96 for intermediate; OR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.03-1.68 for high UV at birthplace) and similarly in Australian-born participants (P-values < 0.05). Risk of SCC but not BCC increased with long-term cumulative sun exposure assessed by self-reported outdoor work (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21-2.49). In conclusion, sun sensitivity is important for both cancers, early-life UV but not cumulative UV appears to increase BCC risk, the former an apparently novel finding, and SCC risk appears only to be related to long-term cumulative sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kricker
- Sydney Medical School, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marianne Weber
- Sydney Medical School, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Freddy Sitas
- Sydney Medical School, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily Banks
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bayzidur Rahman
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Goumas
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahsanul Kabir
- Department of Environment and Geography, Faculty of Science, Formerly Geographic Information Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Verity S Hodgkinson
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Tim Waterboer
- Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruce K Armstrong
- Sydney Medical School, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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20
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Hernando B, Peña-Chilet M, Ibarrola-Villava M, Martin-Gonzalez M, Gomez-Fernandez C, Ribas G, Martinez-Cadenas C. Genetic 3'UTR variation is associated with human pigmentation characteristics and sensitivity to sunlight. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:896-903. [PMID: 28266728 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure induces signalling pathways leading to the activation of melanin synthesis and tanning response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the expression of genes involved in pigmentation pathways by binding to the complementary sequence in their 3'untranslated regions (3'UTRs). Therefore, 3'UTR SNPs are predicted to modify the ability of miRNAs to target genes, resulting in differential gene expression. In this study, we investigated the role in pigmentation and sun-sensitivity traits, as well as in melanoma susceptibility, of 38 different 3'UTR SNPs from 38 pigmentation-related genes. A total of 869 individuals of Spanish origin (526 melanoma cases and 343 controls) were analysed. The association of genotypic data with pigmentation traits was analysed via logistic regression. Web-based tools for predicting the effect of genetic variants in microRNA-binding sites in 3'UTR gene regions were also used. Seven 3'UTR SNPs showed a potential implication in melanoma risk phenotypes. This association is especially noticeable for two of them, rs2325813 in the MLPH gene and rs752107 in the WNT3A gene. These two SNPs were predicted to disrupt a miRNA-binding site and to impact on miRNA-mRNA interaction. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these two 3'UTR SNPs have been associated with sun-sensitivity traits. We state the potential implication of these SNPs in human pigmentation and sensitivity to sunlight, possibly as a result of changes in the level of gene expression through the disruption of putative miRNA-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hernando
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Maria Peña-Chilet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute - INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Network Centre for Biomedical Cancer Research (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maider Ibarrola-Villava
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute - INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Network Centre for Biomedical Cancer Research (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Gloria Ribas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute - INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Network Centre for Biomedical Cancer Research (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
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21
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Adiposity amplifies the genetic risk of fatty liver disease conferred by multiple loci. Nat Genet 2017; 49:842-847. [PMID: 28436986 PMCID: PMC5562020 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex traits arise from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The actions of these factors usually appear to be additive, and few compelling examples of gene-environment synergy have been documented. Here we show that adiposity significantly amplifies the effect of three sequence variants (PNPLA3-I148M, TM6SF2-E167K and GCKR-P446L) associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Synergy between adiposity and genotype promoted the full spectrum of NAFLD, from steatosis to hepatic inflammation to cirrhosis. We found no evidence of strong interactions between adiposity and sequence variants influencing other adiposity-associated traits. These results indicate that adiposity may augment genetic risk of NAFLD at multiple loci through at least three different metabolic mechanisms.
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Takeo M, Lee W, Rabbani P, Sun Q, Hu H, Lim CH, Manga P, Ito M. EdnrB Governs Regenerative Response of Melanocyte Stem Cells by Crosstalk with Wnt Signaling. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1291-302. [PMID: 27134165 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Delineating the crosstalk between distinct signaling pathways is key to understanding the diverse and dynamic responses of adult stem cells during tissue regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that the Edn/EdnrB signaling pathway can interact with other signaling pathways to elicit distinct stem cell functions during tissue regeneration. EdnrB signaling promotes proliferation and differentiation of melanocyte stem cells (McSCs), dramatically enhancing the regeneration of hair and epidermal melanocytes. This effect is dependent upon active Wnt signaling that is initiated by Wnt ligand secretion from the hair follicle epithelial niche. Further, this Wnt-dependent EdnrB signaling can rescue the defects in melanocyte regeneration caused by Mc1R loss. This suggests that targeting Edn/EdnrB signaling in McSCs can be a therapeutic approach to promote photoprotective-melanocyte regeneration, which may be useful for those with increased risk of skin cancers due to Mc1R variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takeo
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Piul Rabbani
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hai Hu
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chae Ho Lim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Prashiela Manga
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Satagopan JM, Oliveria SA, Arora A, Marchetti MA, Orlow I, Dusza SW, Weinstock MA, Scope A, Geller AC, Marghoob AA, Halpern AC. Sunburn, sun exposure, and sun sensitivity in the Study of Nevi in Children. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:839-43. [PMID: 26096189 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the joint effect of sun exposure and sunburn on nevus counts (on the natural logarithm scale; log nevi) and the role of sun sensitivity. METHODS We describe an analysis of cross-sectional data from 443 children enrolled in the prospective Study of Nevi in Children. To evaluate the joint effect, we partitioned the sum of squares because of interaction between sunburn and sun exposure into orthogonal components representing (1) monotonic increase in log nevi with increasing sun exposure (rate of increase of log nevi depends on sunburn), and (2) nonmonotonic pattern. RESULTS In unadjusted analyses, there was a marginally significant monotonic pattern of interaction (P = .08). In adjusted analyses, sun exposure was associated with higher log nevi among those without sunburn (P < .001), but not among those with sunburn (P = .14). Sunburn was independently associated with log nevi (P = .02), even though sun sensitivity explained 29% (95% confidence interval: 2%-56%, P = .04) of its effect. Children with high sun sensitivity and sunburn had more nevi, regardless of sun exposure. CONCLUSIONS A program of increasing sun protection in early childhood as a strategy for reducing nevi, when applied to the general population, may not equally benefit everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya M Satagopan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
| | - Susan A Oliveria
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Arshi Arora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael A Marchetti
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Stephen W Dusza
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Martin A Weinstock
- Dermatoepidemiology Unit, VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Department of Dermatology, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Alon Scope
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alan C Geller
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ashfaq A Marghoob
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Allan C Halpern
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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