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Deshmukh A, Rao KN, Arora RD, Nagarkar NM, Singh A, Shetty OS. Molecular Insights into Oral Malignancy. Indian J Surg Oncol 2021; 13:267-280. [DOI: 10.1007/s13193-021-01431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Cai X, Zhang H, Li T. The role of SPP1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:732-741. [PMID: 34489157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies and has a low 5-year survival rate. Mounting evidence suggests that oral potentially malignant disorders, such as oral leukoplakia (OLK), may progress to HNSCC. Given that OLK and HNSCC are often insidious and asymptomatic, the identification of markers of OLK malignant transformation and therapeutic targets in HNSCC is critical. Using various online tools and publicly available gene expression datasets, the secreted phosphoprotein 1 gene (SPP1) was identified as a significant differentially expressed gene among OLK, HNSCC, and non-cancerous tissues. SPP1 mRNA levels were elevated in HNSCC tissues and were associated with cancer stage, tumor grade, and human papillomavirus infection status. High SPP1 mRNA levels were correlated with poor overall survival of HNSCC patients. In contrast, SPP1 mutations were not significantly associated with overall survival, although their frequency in HNSCC was very low (0.6%). Furthermore, SPP1 expression levels in HNSCC were positively correlated with the infiltration of CD4+ cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. The study results suggest that SPP1 may represent a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential therapeutic target in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Research Unit of Precision Pathological Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Research Unit of Precision Pathological Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, People's Republic of China; Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - T Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Research Unit of Precision Pathological Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17-epidermal growth factor receptor signaling contributes to oral cancer pain. Pain 2020; 161:2330-2343. [PMID: 32453136 PMCID: PMC9244849 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells secrete pronociceptive mediators that sensitize adjacent sensory neurons and cause pain. Identification and characterization of these mediators could pinpoint novel targets for cancer pain treatment. In this study, we identified candidate genes in cancer cell lines that encode for secreted or cell surface proteins that may drive nociception. To undertake this work, we used an acute cancer pain mouse model, transcriptomic analysis of publicly available human tumor-derived cell line data, and a literature review. Cancer cell line supernatants were assigned a phenotype based on evoked nociceptive behavior in an acute cancer pain mouse model. We compared gene expression data from nociceptive and nonnociceptive cell lines. Our analyses revealed differentially expressed genes and pathways; many of the identified genes were not previously associated with cancer pain signaling. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and disintegrin metalloprotease domain 17 (ADAM17) were identified as potential targets among the differentially expressed genes. We found that the nociceptive cell lines contained significantly more ADAM17 protein in the cell culture supernatant compared to nonnociceptive cell lines. Cytoplasmic EGFR was present in almost all (>90%) tongue primary afferent neurons in mice. Monoclonal antibody against EGFR, cetuximab, inhibited cell line supernatant-induced nociceptive behavior in an acute oral cancer pain mouse model. We infer from these data that ADAM17-EGFR signaling is involved in cancer mediator-induced nociception. The differentially expressed genes and their secreted protein products may serve as candidate therapeutic targets for oral cancer pain and warrant further evaluation.
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Sathasivam HP, Casement J, Bates T, Sloan P, Thomson P, Robinson M, Kist R. Gene expression changes associated with malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:60-67. [PMID: 32740996 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are believed to be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) that have an increased likelihood of malignant transformation compared to clinically normal mucosa. This study was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between OPMDs that underwent malignant transformation (MT) and those that did not, termed "non-transforming" (NT) cases. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies of 20 OPMD cases with known clinical outcomes (10 MT vs. 10 NT). Samples were assessed for quantity, quality and integrity of RNA prior to sequencing. Analysis for differential gene expression between MT and NT was performed using statistical packages in R. Genes were considered to be significantly differentially expressed if the False Discovery Rate corrected P-value was < 0.05. RESULTS RNA yield was variable but RNA purity was good (A260/A280 > 1.90). Analysis of RNA-Sequencing outputs revealed 41 genes (34 protein-coding; 7 non-coding) that were significantly differentially expressed between MT and NT cases. The log2 fold change for the statistically significant differentially expressed genes ranged from -2.63 to 2.48, with 23 protein-coding genes being downregulated and 11 protein-coding genes being upregulated in MT cases compared to NT cases. CONCLUSION Several candidate genes that may play a role in malignant transformation of OPMD have been identified. Experiments to validate these candidates are underway. It is anticipated that this work will contribute to better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of OPMD and development of novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans P Sathasivam
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - John Casement
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Philip Sloan
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Thomson
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Max Robinson
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ralf Kist
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Budach V, Tinhofer I. Novel prognostic clinical factors and biomarkers for outcome prediction in head and neck cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:e313-e326. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Farah CS, Shearston K, Nguyen AP, Kujan O. Oral Carcinogenesis and Malignant Transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2931-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Martinez RCP, Sathasivam HP, Cosway B, Paleri V, Fellows S, Adams J, Kennedy M, Pearson R, Long A, Sloan P, Robinson M. Clinicopathological features of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx in young patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56:332-337. [PMID: 29628167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to examine the clinicopathological features of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and oropharynx in a group of young patients who were dignosed during a 15-year period (2000-2014). Patients' clinical details, risk factors, and survival were obtained from medical records. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, tissue was tested for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). The results were compared with those of a matching group of older patients. We identified 91 patients who were younger than 45 years old, and the 50 youngest patients were studied in detail. The male:female ratio was 2:1, with more tumours located in the oral cavity than in the oropharynx (35 compared with 15). HPV-related SCC was restricted to the oropharynx. When matched for site, stage and HPV status, five-year overall survival was similar in young and matched older patients (log-rank test, p=0.515). Our findings suggest that young patients with oral SCC have a disease profile similar to that of older patients with the condition. It is plausible that prognostic information generally available for oral cancers is applicable to young patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C-P Martinez
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - H P Sathasivam
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK; Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B Cosway
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - V Paleri
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - S Fellows
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - J Adams
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - M Kennedy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - R Pearson
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - A Long
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - P Sloan
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - M Robinson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
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Hirshberg A, Allon I, Novikov I, Ankri R, Ashkenazy A, Fixler D. Gold nanorods reflectance discriminate benign from malignant oral lesions. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1333-1339. [PMID: 28115253 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based contrast agents have been used as an imaging tool for selectively detecting cancerous processes. We aimed to evaluate the detection sensitivity of reflection measurements of gold nanorods (GNRs) bio-conjugated to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (GNRs-EGFR) monoclonal antibodies in discriminating benign from premalignant and malignant human oral lesions. Tissue sections incubated with GNRs-EGFR and the reflectance spectrum was measured using hyperspectral microscopy. Reflectance intensity increased with the progression of the disease, lowest in the control group and increasing as the dysplastic changes increase (P<0.001 for linear trend of grade). Intensity was significantly higher in the moderate and severe dysplasias and cancer patients than in the controls and mild dysplasia (t test P=0.0003, Mann-Whitney P<0.0001). The GNRs reflection measurements can discriminate benign and mild dysplastic lesions from the more severe dysplasia and invasive cancer, suggesting an objective, not dependent on the qualification of a technician and with less interpretation errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Hirshberg
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Irit Allon
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilya Novikov
- Biostatistical Unit, Gertner institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rinat Ankri
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Ashkenazy
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Somarriva C, Fernández A, Candia J, Campos J, Albers D, Briceño J. Dysregulation and detection methods of EGFR in oral cancer. A narrative review. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2016.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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