Transformed Follicular Lymphoma (TFL) Predicts Outcome in Advanced Endometrial Cancer

The role of ZC3H12D-regulated TLR4-NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory microglial activation

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important neurotoxin that can cause inflammatory activation of microglia. ZC3H12D is a novel immunomodulator, which plays a remarkable role in neurological pathologies. It has not been characterized whether ZC3H12D is involved in the regulation of microglial activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ZC3H12D in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory microglial activation and its potential mechanism. To elucidate this, we established animal models of inflammatory injury by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg). The results of the open-field test showed that LPS caused impaired motor function in mice. Meanwhile, LPS caused pro-inflammatory activation of microglia in the mice cerebral cortex and inhibited the expression of ZC3H12D. We also constructed in vitro inflammatory injury models by treating BV-2 microglia with LPS (0.5 μg/mL). The results showed that down-regulated ZC3H12D expression was associated with LPS-induced pro-inflammatory microglial activation, and further intervention of ZC3H12D expression could inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory activation of microglia. In addition, LPS activated the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway, and this process can also be reversed by promoting ZC3H12D expression. At the same time, the addition of resveratrol, a nutrient previously proven to inhibit pro-inflammatory microglial activation, can also reverse this process by increasing the expression of ZC3H12D. Summarized, our data elucidated that ZC3H12D in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory activation of brain microglia via restraining the TLR4-NF-κB pathway. This study may provide a valuable clue for potential therapeutic targets for neuroinflammation-related injuries.

Tfl deletion induces extraordinary Cxcl13 secretion and cachexia in VavP-Bcl2 transgenic mice

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Loss of TFL, found in several types of lymphoma, induces excessive CXCL13 secretion through RNA dysregulation contributing to body weight loss and early death in lymphoma model mice. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is associated with overexpressed BCL-2 and other genetic aberrations, including 6q-. We identified a novel gene on 6q25, "Transformed follicular lymphoma (TFL)," from a transformed FL. TFL regulates several cytokines via mRNA degradation, which has been suggested to underlie resolving inflammation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a deletion of TFL occurred in 13.6% of various B-cell lymphoma samples. We developed VavP-bcl2 transgenic, TFL deficit mice (Bcl2-Tg/Tfl -/-) to seek how TFL affects disease progression in this lymphoma model. While Bcl2-Tg mice developed lymphadenopathy and died around 50 weeks, Bcl2-Tg/Tfl -/- mice lost body weight around 30 weeks and died about 20 weeks earlier than Bcl2-Tg mice. Furthermore, we found a unique B220-IgM+ cell population in the bone marrow of Bcl2-Tg mice. cDNA array in this population revealed that Cxcl13 mRNA in Bcl2-Tg/Tfl -/- mice expressed significantly higher than Bcl2-Tg mice. In addition, bone marrow extracellular fluid and serum showed an extremely high Cxcl13 concentration in Bcl2-Tg/Tfl -/- mice. Among bone marrow cells, the B220-IgM+ fraction was the main producer of Cxcl13 in culture. A reporter assay demonstrated TFL regulates CXCL-13 via induction of 3'UTR mRNA degradation in B lineage cells. These data suggest Tfl regulates Cxcl13 in B220-IgM+ cells in the bone marrow, and a very high concentration of serum Cxcl13 arising from these cells may contribute to early death in lymphoma-bearing mice. Since several reports have suggested the association of CXCL13 expression with lymphoma, these findings provide new insights into cytokine regulation via TFL in lymphoma.

Zc3h12d, a Novel of Hypomethylated and Immune-Related for Prognostic Marker of Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background

Zc3h12d is a negative regulator which plays a crucial role in immune modulation. However, the role of zc3h12d in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. We aim to explore the prognostic of zc3h12d and investigate the relationship between zc3h12d expression and immune infiltration in LUAD.

Methods

TIMER site was used to analyze the expression of zc3h12d in LUAD. The zc3h12d protein levels in patient tissue samples were detected by immunohistochemistry staining assays. Meanwhile, based on UALCAN database and samples' data from our cohort, we explored the relationship of clinicopathological features and zc3h12d expression to determine the clinical effect of zc3h12d in LUAD. Several databases including GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter and our samples' data were used to explore the prognostic value of zc3h12d in LUAD. Cox regression analysis was established to further evaluate the prognostic value of zc3h12d in LUAD. In addition, zc3h12d promoter methylation was analyzed by UALCAN database. Genetic alteration analysis was observed in the cBioPortal web. GO and KEGG analyses were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Finally, the correlation between zc3h12d and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in LUAD was investigated by TIMER database. The B cells level was investigated by flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood from our LUAD cohort.

Results

Zc3h12d expression was significantly higher in LUAD, compared with adjacent normal tissues. The clinical data from the UALCAN database demonstrated that zc3h12d expression was closely related with cancer stage and nodal metastasis. However, patient sample detection revealed that zc3h12d expression was closely related to pathological N (p = 0.0431) and grade (p = 0.004). Moreover, low zc3h12d expression was associated with poorer overall survival in LUAD. We analyzed the methylation level of zc3h12d in LUAD and found that the methylation levels of zc3h12d promoter in LUAD were significantly reduced. In addition, zc3h12d genetic alterations, including deep deletion, could be found in LUAD. GO and KEGG pathway analysis results indicated that zc3h12d has a certain value in immune infiltration. We investigated the expression of zc3h12d in tumor-immune interactions. It was found that zc3h12d might be associated with the immune infiltration and markers of infiltrating immune cells of LUAD. The results of patient sample detection confirmed that B cells level was significantly lower in the patients with low zc3h12d expression than those in the patients with high zc3h12d expression.

Conclusion

zc3h12d might be considered as a potential biomarker for determining prognosis and immune-related therapeutic target in LUAD.

miR-128-3p serves as an oncogenic microRNA in osteosarcoma cells by downregulating ZC3H12D

Osteosarcoma is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide in children and adolescents. ZC3H12D has been shown to negatively regulate Toll-like receptor signaling and serves as a possible tumor suppressor gene. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are known to play an important role in the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells. However, whether miRNAs can affect tumor development by regulating the expression of ZC3H12D has not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR128-3p in regulating ZC3H12D expression, as well as its function in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to analyze the regulation of ZC3H12D expression by miR-128-3p. MTT, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were also used to analyze the effect of miR-128-3p on cell proliferation and apoptosis. A wound healing assay was performed to investigate the cell migration ability. The results demonstrated that miR-128-3p directly targeted ZC3H12D and downregulated its expression, thereby promoting cell proliferation and migration. miR-128-3p overexpression also improved resistance to cisplatin in MG-63 and 143B cell lines, supporting the hypothesis that miR-128-3p may function as an oncogene in osteosarcoma cells. The potential clinical significance of miR-128-3p as a biomarker and therapeutic target provides rationale for further investigation into the miR-128-3p-mediated molecular pathway and how it is associated with osteosarcoma development.