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Kato S, Tamura K, Masuda Y, Konishi M, Yamanaka K, Oikawa T. A novel type IIb L-asparaginase from Latilactobacillus sakei LK-145: characterization and application. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:266. [PMID: 38761213 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
We succeeded in homogeneously expressing and purifying L-asparaginase from Latilactobacillus sakei LK-145 (Ls-Asn1) and its mutated enzymes C196S, C264S, C290S, C196S/C264S, C196S/C290S, C264S/C290S, and C196S/C264S/C290S-Ls-Asn1. Enzymological studies using purified enzymes revealed that all cysteine residues of Ls-Asn1 were found to affect the catalytic activity of Ls-Asn1 to varying degrees. The mutation of Cys196 did not affect the specific activity, but the mutation of Cys264, even a single mutation, significantly decreased the specific activity. Furthermore, C264S/C290S- and C196S/C264S/C290S-Ls-Asn1 almost completely lost their activity, suggesting that C290 cooperates with C264 to influence the catalytic activity of Ls-Asn1. The detailed enzymatic properties of three single-mutated enzymes (C196S, C264S, and C290S-Ls-Asn1) were investigated for comparison with Ls-Asn1. We found that only C196S-Ls-Asn1 has almost the same enzymatic properties as that of Ls-Asn1 except for its increased stability for thermal, pH, and the metals NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and FeCl2. We measured the growth inhibitory effect of Ls-Asn1 and C196S-Ls-Asn1 on Jurkat cells, a human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, using L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli K-12 as a reference. Only C196S-Ls-Asn1 effectively and selectively inhibited the growth of Jurkat T-cell leukemia, which suggested that it exhibited antileukemic activity. Furthermore, based on alignment, phylogenetic tree analysis, and structural modeling, we also proposed that Ls-Asn1 is a so-called "Type IIb" novel type of asparaginase that is distinct from previously reported type I or type II asparaginases. Based on the above results, Ls-Asn1 is expected to be useful as a new leukemia therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tamura
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka-fu, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yuki Masuda
- Department of Microbiological Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-9-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyougo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Morichika Konishi
- Department of Microbiological Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-9-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyougo, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamanaka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka-fu, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Tadao Oikawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka-fu, 564-8680, Japan.
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Ashkan MF, Younis SA, Elazab NT. Isolation and characterization of Trichoderma harzianum L-methioninase with promising a powerful anticancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103870. [PMID: 38020221 PMCID: PMC10663931 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive components derived from medicinal herbs have recently acquired popularity due to their efficacy in treating various ailments, including cancer and infectious diseases. In this study, the anticancer enzyme, L-methioninase isolated from medicinal plants endophytic fungi, then evaluated its promising therapeutic agents against different types of human cancers. L methionine was purified using column chromatography with the stationary phase of Sephadex G-200 with 6.6-fold purification, which increased the specific activity of 71.3 U/mg of protein with a recovery rate of 48.2 %. On the SDS-PAGE chromatogram, the apparent molecular mass of the isolated enzyme was 48 kDa, and its highest activity was observed at pH 8 and 35 °C. The enzyme was catalytically stable within the pH range of 6.0-9.0 and below 40 °C. This study demonstrates that isolated L-methioninase is particularly efficient against tumour cell lines in vitro. The crude and purified L-methioninase inhibited 60 and 80 % of the growth of the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), respectively, with an estimated IC50 = 12.6 μg/ml (crude) and IC50 = 5.0 μg/ml for purified L-methioninase from isolate 8 with accession no MZ675362. Because of this, pure L-methioninase has better catalytic characteristics and significant thermal stability, which could be used as a cancer-fighting substance than the enzyme purified from other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mada F. Ashkan
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia A. Younis
- Department of Botany, Molecular Microbial Lab, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Nahla T. Elazab
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Blachier J, Cleret A, Guerin N, Gil C, Fanjat JM, Tavernier F, Vidault L, Gallix F, Rama N, Rossignol R, Piedrahita D, Andrivon A, Châlons-Cottavoz M, Aguera K, Gay F, Horand F, Laperrousaz B. L-asparaginase anti-tumor activity in pancreatic cancer is dependent on its glutaminase activity and resistance is mediated by glutamine synthetase. Exp Cell Res 2023; 426:113568. [PMID: 36967104 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase is a cornerstone of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy since lymphoblasts lack asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and rely on extracellular asparagine availability for survival. Resistance mechanisms are associated with increased ASNS expression in ALL. However, the association between ASNS and l-Asparaginase efficacy in solid tumors remains unclear, thus limiting clinical development. Interestingly, l-Asparaginase also has a glutaminase co-activity that is crucial in pancreatic cancer where KRAS mutations activate glutamine metabolism. By developing l-Asparaginase-resistant pancreatic cancer cells and using OMICS approaches, we identified glutamine synthetase (GS) as a marker of resistance to l-Asparaginase. GS is the only enzyme able to synthesize glutamine, and its expression also correlates with l-Asparaginase efficacy in 27 human cell lines from 11 cancer indications. Finally, we further demonstrated that GS inhibition prevents cancer cell adaptation to l-Asparaginase-induced glutamine starvation. These findings could pave the way to the development of promising drug combinations to overcome l-Asparaginase resistance.
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Blazeck J, Karamitros CS, Ford K, Somody C, Qerqez A, Murray K, Burkholder NT, Marshall N, Sivakumar A, Lu WC, Tan B, Lamb C, Tanno Y, Siddiqui MY, Ashoura N, Coma S, Zhang XM, McGovern K, Kumada Y, Zhang YJ, Manfredi M, Johnson KA, D’Arcy S, Stone E, Georgiou G. Bypassing evolutionary dead ends and switching the rate-limiting step of a human immunotherapeutic enzyme. Nat Catal 2022; 5:952-967. [PMID: 36465553 PMCID: PMC9717613 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Trp metabolite kynurenine (KYN) accumulates in numerous solid tumours and mediates potent immunosuppression. Bacterial kynureninases (KYNases), which preferentially degrade kynurenine, can relieve immunosuppression in multiple cancer models, but immunogenicity concerns preclude their clinical use, while the human enzyme (HsKYNase) has very low activity for kynurenine and shows no therapeutic effect. Using fitness selections, we evolved a HsKYNase variant with 27-fold higher activity, beyond which exploration of >30 evolutionary trajectories involving the interrogation of >109 variants led to no further improvements. Introduction of two amino acid substitutions conserved in bacterial KYNases reduced enzyme fitness but potentiated rapid evolution of variants with ~500-fold improved activity and reversed substrate specificity, resulting in an enzyme capable of mediating strong anti-tumour effects in mice. Pre-steady-state kinetics revealed a switch in rate-determining step attributable to changes in both enzyme structure and conformational dynamics. Apart from its clinical significance, our work highlights how rationally designed substitutions can potentiate trajectories that overcome barriers in protein evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Blazeck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Christos S. Karamitros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kyle Ford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Catrina Somody
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ahlam Qerqez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kyle Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel T. Burkholder
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas Marshall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Anirudh Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Cheng Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Bing Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Candice Lamb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Yuri Tanno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Menna Y. Siddiqui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Norah Ashoura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Silvia Coma
- Ikena Oncology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Yoichi Kumada
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kenneth A. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sheena D’Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Everett Stone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Austin, TX, USA
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Alexandrova SS, Gladilina YA, Pokrovskaya MV, Sokolov NN, Zhdanov DD. [Mechanisms of development of side effects and drug resistance to asparaginase and ways to overcome them]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:104-116. [PMID: 35485484 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226802104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Asparaginase is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents against acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common form of blood cancer. To date, both asparaginases from E. coli and Dickeya dadantii (formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi), used in hematology, induce chemoresistance in cancer cells and side effects in the form of hypersensitivity of immune reactions. Leukemic cells may be resistant to asparaginase due to the increased activity of asparagine synthetase and other mechanisms associated with resistance to asparaginase. Therefore, the search for new sources of L-asparaginases with improved pharmacological properties remains a promising and prospective study. This article discusses the mechanisms of development of resistance and drug resistance to L-asparaginase, as well as possible ways to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - N N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - D D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Van Trimpont M, Peeters E, De Visser Y, Schalk AM, Mondelaers V, De Moerloose B, Lavie A, Lammens T, Goossens S, Van Vlierberghe P. Novel Insights on the Use of L-Asparaginase as an Efficient and Safe Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040902. [PMID: 35205650 PMCID: PMC8870365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) therapy is key for achieving the very high cure rate of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yet its use is mostly confined to this indication. One main reason preventing the expansion of today’s FDA-approved L-ASNases to solid cancers is their high toxicity and side effects, which become especially challenging in adult patients. The design of optimized L-ASNase molecules provides opportunities to overcome these unwanted toxicities. An additional challenge to broader application of L-ASNases is how cells can counter the pharmacological effect of this drug and the identification of L-ASNases resistance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss recent insights into L-ASNase adverse effects, resistance mechanisms, and how novel L-ASNase variants and drug combinations can expand its clinical applicability, with a focus on both hematological and solid tumors. Abstract L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme that hydrolyses the amino acid asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. Systemic administration of bacterial L-ASNase is successfully used to lower the bioavailability of this non-essential amino acid and to eradicate rapidly proliferating cancer cells with a high demand for exogenous asparagine. Currently, it is a cornerstone drug in the treatment of the most common pediatric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Since these lymphoblasts lack the expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), these cells depend on the uptake of extracellular asparagine for survival. Interestingly, recent reports have illustrated that L-ASNase may also have clinical potential for the treatment of other aggressive subtypes of hematological or solid cancers. However, immunogenic and other severe adverse side effects limit optimal clinical use and often lead to treatment discontinuation. The design of optimized and novel L-ASNase formulations provides opportunities to overcome these limitations. In addition, identification of multiple L-ASNase resistance mechanisms, including ASNS promoter reactivation and desensitization, has fueled research into promising novel drug combinations to overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we discuss recent insights into L-ASNase adverse effects, resistance both in hematological and solid tumors, and how novel L-ASNase variants and drug combinations can expand its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Van Trimpont
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Peeters
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yanti De Visser
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amanda M. Schalk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Veerle Mondelaers
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnon Lavie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.L.)
- The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.V.T.); (E.P.); (Y.D.V.); (B.D.M.); (T.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Asparaginase-Associated Pancreatitis in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Current Perspectives. Paediatr Drugs 2021; 23:457-463. [PMID: 34351604 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-021-00463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Asparaginase therapy is a vital agent in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), with increasing evidence of its high importance in high-risk ALL populations. However, despite the clear clinical and biological benefits of asparaginase therapy, many patients experience toxicities. A well-known treatment-limiting toxicity is asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP). If severe, it necessitates discontinuation of asparaginase therapy, which can lead to a higher risk of relapse in patients with ALL. New protocols for ALL therapy have increased overall total doses of asparaginase therapy in select high-risk populations and have incorporated longer half-life formulations of pegylated asparaginase. Treatment drug monitoring has also allowed assurance of adequate levels of asparagine depletion throughout treatment. It is currently unknown if these changes will increase rates of AAP. Interestingly, important pharmacogenomics data, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, can identify patients at the highest risk for severe AAP. The incidence of AAP in recent trials, current pharmacogenomic data that could further our understanding of the disease, and the importance of cautiously re-exposing patients to further asparaginase treatment after an initial episode of AAP are discussed.
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McCormick M, Lapinski J, Friehling E, Smith K. Premedication prior to PEG-asparaginase is cost-effective in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29051. [PMID: 33860989 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PEG-asparaginase is critical in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy but is highly immunogenic. Severe allergic reactions lead to substitution of further PEG-asparaginase with Erwinia. Erwinia is associated with more frequent dosing, increased expense, and limited availability. Premedication may reduce rates of allergic reactions. PROCEDURES This Markov model evaluated the cost-effectiveness of three strategies: premedication plus therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), TDM alone, and no premedication or TDM. We modeled two scenarios: a standard-risk (SR) B-ALL patient receiving two asparaginase doses and a high-risk (HR) patient receiving seven asparaginase doses. The model incorporated costs of asparaginase, premedication, TDM and clinic visits, and lost parental wages associated with each additional Erwinia dose. We incorporated a five-year time horizon with a societal perspective. Outcomes were Erwinia substitutions avoided and differences in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Probabilistic and one-way sensitivity analyses evaluated model uncertainty. RESULTS In both scenarios, premedication was the least costly strategy. In SR and HR scenarios, premedication with monitoring resulted in 8% and 7% fewer changes to Erwinia compared with monitoring alone and 3% and 2% fewer changes compared with no premedication/monitoring, respectively. Premedication resulted in the most QALYs gained in the SR patients. Individual variation of model inputs did not change premedication/monitoring favorability for either scenario. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, premedication/monitoring was favored in >87% of iterations in both scenarios. CONCLUSION Compared with other strategies, premedication use and asparaginase level monitoring in children with B-ALL is potentially cost-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jillian Lapinski
- C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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9
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Pharmacodynamics of cerebrospinal fluid asparagine after asparaginase. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:655-664. [PMID: 34170389 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated effects of asparaginase dosage, schedule, and formulation on CSF asparagine in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS We evaluated CSF asparagine (2114 samples) and serum asparaginase (5007 samples) in 482 children with ALL treated on the Total XVI study (NCT00549848). Patients received one or two 3000 IU/m2 IV pegaspargase doses during induction and were then randomized in continuation to receive 2500 IU/m2 or 3500 IU/m2 IV intermittently (four doses) on the low-risk (LR) or continuously (15 doses) on the standard/high risk (SHR) arms. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was used to estimate the duration of CSF asparagine depletion below 1 uM. RESULTS During induction, CSF asparagine depletion after two doses of pegaspargase was twice as long as one dose (median 30.7 vs 15.3 days, p < 0.001). During continuation, the higher dose increased the CSF asparagine depletion duration by only 9% on the LR and 1% in the SHR arm, consistent with the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of serum asparaginase. Pegaspargase caused a longer CSF asparagine depletion duration (1.3-5.3-fold) compared to those who were switched to erwinase (p < 0.001). The median (quartile range) serum asparaginase activity needed to maintain CSF asparagine below 1 µM was 0.44 (0.20, 0.99) IU/mL. Although rare, CNS relapse was higher with decreased CSF asparagine depletion (p = 0.0486); there was no association with relapse at any site (p = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS The number of pegaspargase doses has a stronger influence on CSF asparagine depletion than did dosage, pegaspargase depleted CSF asparagine longer than erwinase, and CSF asparagine depletion may prevent CNS relapses.
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Jiang J, Batra S, Zhang J. Asparagine: A Metabolite to Be Targeted in Cancers. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060402. [PMID: 34205460 PMCID: PMC8234323 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids play central roles in cancer progression beyond their function as building blocks for protein synthesis. Thus, targeting amino acid acquisition and utilization has been proved to be therapeutically beneficial in various pre-clinical models. In this regard, depletion of circulating asparagine, a nonessential amino acid, by L-asparaginase has been used in treating pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) for decades. Of interest, unlike most solid tumor cells, ALL cells lack the ability to synthesize their own asparagine de novo effectively. However, only until recently, growing evidence suggests that solid tumor cells strive to acquire adequate amounts of asparagine to support tumor progression. This process is subjected to the regulation at various levels, including oncogenic signal, tumor-niche interaction, intratumor heterogeneity and dietary accessibility. We will review the literature on L-asparaginase-based therapy as well as recent understanding of asparagine metabolism in solid tumor progression, with the hope of shedding light into a broader cancer therapeutic strategy by perturbing its acquisition and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Sandeep Batra
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ji Zhang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University; Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (J.Z.)
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11
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Kloos RQ, Mathôt R, Pieters R, van der Sluis IM. Individualized dosing guidelines for PEGasparaginase and factors influencing the clearance: a population pharmacokinetic model. Haematologica 2021; 106:1254-1261. [PMID: 32327497 PMCID: PMC8094082 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.242289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable inter- and intra-patient variability exist in serum activity levels of PEGasparaginase, essential for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model was developed, identifying patient characteristics explaining these variabilities. Patients (n=92) were treated according to the DCOG ALL-11 protocol, using therapeutic drug monitoring to individualize the PEGasparaginase doses. Non-linear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM) was used to analyze the popPK evaluating several covariates. The final model was validated using an independent database (n=28). Guidelines for starting doses and dose adjustments were developed. A one-compartment model with time-dependent clearance adequately described the popPK. Normalization of clearance and volume of distribution by body surface are (BSA) reduced inter-individual variability. Clearance was 0.084 L/day/m2 for 12.7 days, increasing with 0.082 L/day/m2/day thereafter. Clearance was 38% higher during an infection, and 11-19% higher during induction treatment than intensification and maintenance (p<0.001). Targeting an asparaginase activity level of 100 IU/L, a loading dose of 800 IU/m2 (induction) and 600 IU/m2 (intensification) is advised. In conclusion, variability of PEGasparaginase activity levels can be explained by BSA, treatment phase and the occurrence of an infection. With this popPK model, PEGasparaginase treatment can be individualized further, taking into account these covariates and the dosing guidelines provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Q.H. Kloos
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Sophia Children’s Hospital – Erasmus MC, Rotterdam
| | - Ron Mathôt
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Rob Pieters
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M. van der Sluis
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Sophia Children’s Hospital – Erasmus MC, Rotterdam
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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12
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Bender C, Maese L, Carter-Febres M, Verma A. Clinical Utility of Pegaspargase in Children, Adolescents and Young Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Review. Blood Lymphat Cancer 2021; 11:25-40. [PMID: 33907490 PMCID: PMC8064615 DOI: 10.2147/blctt.s245210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogenous hematological malignancy representing 25% of all cancers in children less than 15 years of age. Significant improvements in survival and cure rates have been made over the past four decades in pediatric ALL treatment. Asparaginases, derived from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi, have become a critical component of ALL therapy since the 1960s. Asparaginases cause depletion of serum asparagine, leading to deprivation of this critical amino acid for protein synthesis, and hence limit survival of lymphoblasts. Pegaspargase, a conjugate of monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) and L-asparaginase, has become an integral component of pediatric upfront and relapsed ALL protocols due to its longer half-life and improved immunogenicity profile compared to native asparaginase preparations. Over the past two decades great strides have been made in outcomes for pediatric ALL due to risk stratification, incorporation of multiagent chemotherapy protocols, and central nervous system prophylaxis with pegaspargase having played an important role in this success. However, adolescents and young adults (AYA) with ALL when treated on contemporaneous trials using adult ALL regimens, continue to have poor outcomes. There is increasing realization of adapting pediatric trial regimens for treating AYAs, especially those incorporating higher intensity of chemotherapeutic agents with pegaspargase being one such agent. Dose or treatment-limiting toxicity is observed in 25-30% of patients, most notable being hypersensitivity reactions. Other toxicities include asparaginase-associated pancreatitis, thrombosis, liver dysfunction, osteonecrosis, and dyslipidemia. Discontinuation or subtherapeutic levels of asparaginase are associated with inferior disease-free survival leading to higher risk of relapse, and in cases of relapse, a higher risk for remission failure. This article provides an overview of available evidence for use of pegaspargase in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Bender
- Department of Pharmacy, Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Luke Maese
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Maria Carter-Febres
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anupam Verma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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13
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Liu C, Huang B, Wu R, Chen J, Tang Y, Hu W, Li J, Chen X, Cai J, Zhou M, Chen C, Shen S. Adequate asparaginase is important to prevent central nervous system and testicular relapse of pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:158-168. [PMID: 33634856 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Asparaginase (Asp) is one of the most important drugs for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, off-protocol Asp administration (OPAA) or hypersensitivity may disturb its pharmacokinetic profile. In this retrospective study, we sought to determine whether OPAA and hypersensitivity to Escherichia coli asparaginase (E coli Asp) impaired extramedullary relapse prevention in a pediatric ALL cohort treated according to SCMC-ALL-2005 protocol from 2005 to 2014 at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center (SCMC). In total, 676 patients were enrolled in this study, including 369 with OPAA and 60 exhibiting hypersensitivity to E coli Asp. At the end of the most recent follow-up, 58 patients had extramedullary relapse. The 5-year cumulative extramedullary relapse incidence in patients with OPAA was 11.01%, whereas that in patients without OPAA was 5.28% (P = .0036). Moreover, the 5-year cumulative extramedullary relapse incidence in patients that exhibited hypersensitivity to E coli Asp was 16.48%, whereas that in patients without hypersensitivity was 7.59% (P = .0195). Concerning the relapse site, OPAA not only increased central nervous system (CNS) relapse but testicular relapse as well. Based on Fine and Gray multivariate analysis, OPAA and hypersensitivity to Asp were independent risk factors for extramedullary relapse. In conclusion, to prevent extramedullary relapse of ALL, adequate duration to administrate Asp was more important than the total dosage, and more attention should be paid to Asp inadequate due to hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Binxiao Huang
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruichi Wu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjing Tang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Hu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyang Cai
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Changcheng Chen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhong Shen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology of China Ministry of Health, and National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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14
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Dunn KA, Connors J, Bielawski JP, Nearing JT, Langille MGI, Van Limbergen J, Fernandez CV, MacDonald T, Kulkarni K. Investigating the gut microbial community and genes in children with differing levels of change in serum asparaginase activity during pegaspargase treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 62:927-936. [PMID: 33258724 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1850718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asparaginase (ASNase) is an effective treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Changes in ASNase activity may lead to suboptimal treatment and poorer outcomes. The gut microbiome produces metabolites that could impact ASNase therapy, however, remains uninvestigated. We examined gut-microbial community and microbial-ASNase and asparagine synthetase (ASNS) genes using 16SrRNA and metagenomic sequence data from stool samples of pediatric ALL patients. Comparing ASNase activity between consecutive ASNase-doses, we found microbial communities differed between decreased- and increased-activity samples. Escherichia predominated in the decreased-activity community while Bacteroides and Streptococcus predominated in the increased-activity community. In addition microbial ASNS was significantly (p=.004) negatively correlated with change in serum ASNase activity. These preliminary findings suggest microbial communities prior to treatment could affect serum ASNase levels, although the mechanism is unknown. Replication in an independent cohort is needed, and future research on manipulation of these communities and genes could prove useful in optimizing ASNase therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Dunn
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Joseph P Bielawski
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jacob T Nearing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Johan Van Limbergen
- Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Conrad V Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Tamara MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University/IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ketan Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
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15
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Aly N, El-Ahwany A, Ataya FS, Saeed H. Bacillus sonorensis L. Asparaginase: Cloning, Expression in E. coli and Characterization. Protein J 2020; 39:717-729. [PMID: 33106988 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginases (L-ASNases; EC 3.5.1.1) are aminohydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-asparagine (L-Asn) to L-aspartic acid and ammonia, resulting in the death of acute lymphoblastic leukemic cells and other blood cancer cells. In this study, Bacillus sonorensis (accession number MK523484) uncharacterized L-ASNase gene (accession number MN562875) was isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned into pET28a (+) vector, and expressed in Escherichia coli as a cytosolic protein. The recombinant enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography at 23.79-fold and 49.37% recovery. Denaturing polyacrylamide gel (10%) analysis of the purified enzyme resulted in a single protein band at 36 kDa that immunoreacted strongly with 6His-tag monoclonal antibody. The purified enzyme exhibited optimal activity at 45 °C and pH 7.0 and retained 92% and 85% of its initial activity after incubation for 60 min at 37 °C and 45 °C, respectively. The purified enzyme exhibited substrate specificity toward L-asparagine and low glutaminase activity (15.72%) toward L-glutamine at a concentration of 10 mM. The Km and Vmax values were 2.004 mM and 3723 µmol min1-, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Aly
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amani El-Ahwany
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Bld. 5, Lab AA10, P.O. Box: 2454, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hesham Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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16
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Saeed H, Hemida A, El-Nikhely N, Abdel-Fattah M, Shalaby M, Hussein A, Eldoksh A, Ataya F, Aly N, Labrou N, Nematalla H. Highly efficient Pyrococcus furiosus recombinant L-asparaginase with no glutaminase activity: Expression, purification, functional characterization, and cytotoxicity on THP-1, A549 and Caco-2 cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:812-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Nookala Krishnamurthy M, Narula G, Gandhi K, Awase A, Pandit R, Raut S, Singh R, Gota V, Banavali SD. Randomized, Parallel Group, Open-Label Bioequivalence Trial of Intramuscular Pegaspargase in Patients With Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. JCO Glob Oncol 2020; 6:1009-1016. [PMID: 32628582 PMCID: PMC7392740 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pegylated asparaginase is comparatively safer than native asparaginase in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the high price and nonavailability in low- and middle-income countries limits its use. In 2014, the first generic of pegaspargase (Hamsyl) was approved in India for use as a second-line treatment option for ALL. The aim of this study was to assess whether the generic pegaspargase (the test product) was bioequivalent with the reference product (Oncaspar). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was an open-label, parallel-group, comparative pharmacokinetic study in pediatric patients with relapsed ALL receiving their first dose (1,000 IU/m2) of pegaspargase administered intramuscularly. Patients were randomly assigned 1-to-1 to either the test or the reference product. The 2 formulations were considered equivalent if the 90% CIs for area under the plasma asparaginase activity–time curve (AUC0-t) geometric mean test-to-reference ratio was within 75% to 133%. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients (6-18 years of age) were enrolled in this study, of whom 24 completed the study criteria and were considered for safety analysis (5 patients were ineligible for the assessment). Three patients were excluded from analysis, because of presence of anti-asparaginase antibodies, leaving 21 patients who were considered for bioequivalence pharmacokinetics data. The point estimate of AUC0-t for the test-to-reference ratio was 95.05 (90% CI, 75.07% to 120.33%). Maximum plasma concentration, trough concentrations (day 14), half-life, volume of distribution, drug clearance, and changes in the asparagine and glutamine levels were not significantly different between products. Adverse events were comparable in both groups. CONCLUSION Generic and reference pegaspargase had equivalent pharmacokinetics with comparable safety. This could be a safe and cost-effective alternative for patients with ALL, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Nookala Krishnamurthy
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakthi Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Narula
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakthi Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Khushboo Gandhi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankita Awase
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Ruta Pandit
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sunil Raut
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakthi Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shripad Dinanath Banavali
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakthi Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
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18
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L-asparaginase and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine synergistically inhibit the growth of glioblastoma cells. J Neurooncol 2020; 146:469-475. [PMID: 32020477 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma is an aggressive central nervous system tumor with a 5-year survival rate of < 10%. The standard therapy for glioblastoma is maximal safe resection, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. New approaches to treatment of glioblastoma, such as targeting metabolism, have been studied. The object of this study is to evaluate whether asparagine could be a new target for treatment of glioblastoma. METHODS We investigated a potential treatment for glioblastoma that targets the amino acid metabolism. U251, U87, and SF767 glioblastoma cells were treated with L-asparaginase and/or 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON). L-asparaginase hydrolyzes asparagine into aspartate and depletes asparagine. L-asparaginase has been used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. DON is a glutamine analog that inhibits several glutamine-utilizing enzymes, including asparagine synthetase. RESULTS Cell viability was measured after 72 h of treatment. MTS assay showed that L-asparaginase suppressed the proliferation of U251, U87, and SF767 cells in a dose-dependent manner. DON also inhibited the proliferation of these cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Combined treatment with these drugs had a synergistic antiproliferative effect in these cell lines. Exogenous asparagine rescued the effect of inhibition of proliferation by L-asparaginase and DON. The expression of asparagine synthetase mRNA was increased in cells treated with a combination of L-asparaginase and DON. This combined treatment also induced greater apoptosis and autophagy than did single-drug treatment. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the combination of L-asparaginase and DON could be a new therapeutic option for patients with glioblastoma.
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19
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Jeha S, Pei D, Choi J, Cheng C, Sandlund JT, Coustan-Smith E, Campana D, Inaba H, Rubnitz JE, Ribeiro RC, Gruber TA, Raimondi SC, Khan RB, Yang JJ, Mullighan CG, Downing JR, Evans WE, Relling MV, Pui CH. Improved CNS Control of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Without Cranial Irradiation: St Jude Total Therapy Study 16. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:3377-3391. [PMID: 31657981 PMCID: PMC7351342 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite contemporary treatment, up to 10% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia still experience relapse. We evaluated whether a higher dosage of PEG-asparaginase and early intensification of triple intrathecal therapy would improve systemic and CNS control. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2007 and 2017, 598 consecutive patients age 0 to 18 years received risk-directed chemotherapy without prophylactic cranial irradiation in the St Jude Total Therapy Study 16. Patients were randomly assigned to receive PEG-asparaginase 3,500 U/m2 versus the conventional 2,500 U/m2. Patients presenting features that were associated with increased risk of CNS relapse received two extra doses of intrathecal therapy during the first 2 weeks of remission induction. RESULTS The 5-year event-free survival and overall survival rates for the 598 patients were 88.2% (95% CI, 84.9% to 91.5%) and 94.1% (95% CI, 91.7% to 96.5%), respectively. Cumulative risk of any-isolated or combined-CNS relapse was 1.5% (95% CI, 0.5% to 2.5%). Higher doses of PEG-asparaginase did not affect treatment outcome. T-cell phenotype was the only independent risk factor for any CNS relapse (hazard ratio, 5.15; 95% CI, 1.3 to 20.6; P = . 021). Among 359 patients with features that were associated with increased risk for CNS relapse, the 5-year rate of any CNS relapse was significantly lower than that among 248 patients with the same features treated in the previous Total Therapy Study 15 (1.8% [95% CI, 0.4% to 3.3%] v 5.7% [95% CI, 2.8% to 8.6%]; P = .008). There were no significant differences in the cumulative risk of seizure or infection during induction between patients who did or did not receive the two extra doses of intrathecal treatment. CONCLUSION Higher doses of PEG-asparaginase failed to improve outcome, but additional intrathecal therapy during early induction seemed to contribute to improved CNS control without excessive toxicity for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Jeha
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Deqing Pei
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - John Choi
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Cheng Cheng
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - John T. Sandlund
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Hiroto Inaba
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Jeffrey E. Rubnitz
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Raul C. Ribeiro
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Tanja A. Gruber
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Susana C. Raimondi
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Raja B. Khan
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Jun J. Yang
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - James R. Downing
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - William E. Evans
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Mary V. Relling
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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20
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Medawar CV, Mosegui GBG, Vianna CMDM, Costa TMAD. PEG-asparaginase and native Escherichia coli L-asparaginase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2019; 42:54-61. [PMID: 31412986 PMCID: PMC7031090 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the cancer with the highest incidence in childhood and adolescence, and pharmacotherapy is the primary form of treatment. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-asparaginase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy in children and adolescents was conducted to compare it with native Escherichia coli L-asparaginase. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Scopus, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) and EMBASE databases were selected. The following outcomes were analyzed: complete remission of the disease, event-free survival, overall survival, anti-asparaginase antibody level, hypersensitivity reactions, asparaginase and asparagine serum levels, number of postdiagnosis events, and overall mortality. Five randomized controlled trials were included. Analysis of the quality of evidence and risk of bias was performed using the Cochrane recommendation tool and the GRADE system. RESULTS The assessment results suggest that the level of certainty on the technology addressed is relatively weak from a methodological point of view. Evidence is insufficient to assess the effects on health outcomes because of the limited number and power of studies and important flaws in their design or conduct in classifying PEG-asparaginase as a superior drug or not, in the pharmacotherapy of ALL in children and adolescents. PEG-asparaginase can be used as a substitute for native E. coli L-asparaginase, demonstrating similar efficacy and safety. CONCLUSION The study may help decision-makers in the public health system to offer a more in-depth judgment on the therapeutic alternatives used to treat this neoplasm in children and adolescents.
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21
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Rizzari C, Lanvers-Kaminsky C, Valsecchi MG, Ballerini A, Matteo C, Gerss J, Wuerthwein G, Silvestri D, Colombini A, Conter V, Biondi A, Schrappe M, Moericke A, Zimmermann M, von Stackelberg A, Linderkamp C, Frühwald MC, Legien S, Attarbaschi A, Reismüller B, Kasper D, Smisek P, Stary J, Vinti L, Barisone E, Parasole R, Micalizzi C, Zucchetti M, Boos J. Asparagine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with pegylated-asparaginase in the induction phase of the AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009 study. Haematologica 2019; 104:1812-1821. [PMID: 30705097 PMCID: PMC6717578 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.206433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagine levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum asparaginase activity were monitored in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with pegylated-asparaginase. The drug was given intravenously at a dose of 2,500 IU/m2 on days 12 and 26. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained on days 33 and 45 were analyzed centrally. Since physiological levels of asparagine in the cerebrospinal fluid of children and adolescents are 4-10 μmol/L, in this study asparagine depletion was considered complete when the concentration of asparagine was ≤0.2 μmol/L, i.e. below the lower limit of quantification of the assay used. Over 24 months 736 patients (AIEOP n=245, BFM n=491) and 903 cerebrospinal fluid samples (n=686 on day 33 and n=217 on day 45) were available for analysis. Data were analyzed separately for the AIEOP and BFM cohorts and yielded superimposable results. Independently of serum asparaginase activity levels, cerebrospinal fluid asparagine levels were significantly reduced during the investigated study phase but only 28% of analyzed samples showed complete asparagine depletion while relevant levels, ≥1 μmol/L, were still detectable in around 23% of them. Complete cerebrospinal fluid asparagine depletion was found in around 5-6% and 33-37% of samples at serum asparaginase activity levels <100 and ≥ 1,500 IU/L, respectively. In this study cerebrospinal fluid asparagine levels were reduced during pegylated-asparaginase treatment, but complete depletion was only observed in a minority of patients. No clear threshold of serum pegylated-asparaginase activity level resulting in complete cerebrospinal fluid asparagine depletion was identified. The consistency of the results found in the two independent data sets strengthen the observations of this study. Details of the treatment are available in the European Clinical Trials Database at https://www.clin-icaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2007-004270-43/IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Rizzari
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Claudia Lanvers-Kaminsky
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Childrens' Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballerini
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Matteo
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Joachim Gerss
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wuerthwein
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Childrens' Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniela Silvestri
- Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Colombini
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentino Conter
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Martin Schrappe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Moericke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Christin Linderkamp
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Legien
- Pediatrics 5 (Oncology, Hematology, Immunology); Stuttgart Cancer Center; Klinikum Stuttgart - Olgahospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andishe Attarbaschi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Reismüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Kasper
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Smisek
- Czech Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stary
- Czech Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luciana Vinti
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Ospedale Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Barisone
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosanna Parasole
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Ospedale Pausillipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Micalizzi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, IRCCS I.G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Joachim Boos
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Childrens' Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
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22
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Assessment of l-Asparaginase Pharmacodynamics in Mouse Models of Cancer. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9010010. [PMID: 30634463 PMCID: PMC6359345 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
l-asparaginase (ASNase) is a metabolism-targeted anti-neoplastic agent used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ASNase’s anticancer activity results from the enzymatic depletion of asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln), which are converted to aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu), respectively, in the blood. Unfortunately, accurate assessment of the in vivo pharmacodynamics (PD) of ASNase is challenging because of the following reasons: (i) ASNase is resilient to deactivation; (ii) ASNase catalytic efficiency is very high; and (iii) the PD markers Asn and Gln are depleted ex vivo in blood samples containing ASNase. To address those issues and facilitate longitudinal studies in individual mice for ASNase PD studies, we present here a new LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method that incorporates rapid quenching of ASNase for measurement of Asn, Asp, Gln, and Glu in just 10 µL of whole blood, with limits of detection (s:n ≥ 10:1) estimated to be 2.3, 3.5, 0.8, and 0.5 µM, respectively. We tested the suitability of the method in a 5-day, longitudinal PD study in mice and found the method to be simple to perform with sufficient accuracy and precision for whole blood measurements. Overall, the method increases the density of data that can be acquired from a single animal and will facilitate optimization of novel ASNase treatment regimens and/or the development of new ASNase variants with desired kinetic properties.
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23
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Salim N, Santhiagu A, Joji K. Process modeling and optimization of high yielding L-methioninase from a newly isolated Trichoderma harzianum using response surface methodology and artificial neural network coupled genetic algorithm. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Ren S, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Song R. Optimization of a Precolumn OPA Derivatization HPLC Assay for Monitoring of l-Asparagine Depletion in Serum during l-Asparaginase Therapy. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:794-801. [PMID: 29878070 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A method for monitoring l-asparagine (ASN) depletion in patients' serum using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with precolumn o-phthalaldehyde and ethanethiol (ET) derivatization is described. In order to improve the signal and stability of analytes, several important factors including precipitant reagent, derivatization conditions and detection wavelengths were optimized. The recovery of the analytes in biological matrix was the highest when 4% sulfosalicylic acid (1:1, v/v) was used as a precipitant reagent. Optimal fluorescence detection parameters were determined as λex = 340 nm and λem = 444 nm for maximal signal. The signal of analytes was the highest when the reagent ET and borate buffer of pH 9.9 were used in the derivatization solution. And the corresponding derivative products were stable up to 19 h. The validated method had been successfully applied to monitor ASN depletion and l-aspartic acid, l-glutamine, l-glutamic acid levels in pediatric patients during l-asparaginase therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongren Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key laboratory of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Nguyen HA, Su Y, Zhang JY, Antanasijevic A, Caffrey M, Schalk AM, Liu L, Rondelli D, Oh A, Mahmud DL, Bosland MC, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Peirs S, Lammens T, Mondelaers V, De Moerloose B, Goossens S, Schlicht MJ, Kabirov KK, Lyubimov AV, Merrill BJ, Saunthararajah Y, Van Vlierberghe P, Lavie A. A Novel l-Asparaginase with low l-Glutaminase Coactivity Is Highly Efficacious against Both T- and B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias In Vivo. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1549-1560. [PMID: 29343523 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of pediatric cancer, although about 4 of every 10 cases occur in adults. The enzyme drug l-asparaginase serves as a cornerstone of ALL therapy and exploits the asparagine dependency of ALL cells. In addition to hydrolyzing the amino acid l-asparagine, all FDA-approved l-asparaginases also have significant l-glutaminase coactivity. Since several reports suggest that l-glutamine depletion correlates with many of the side effects of these drugs, enzyme variants with reduced l-glutaminase coactivity might be clinically beneficial if their antileukemic activity would be preserved. Here we show that novel low l-glutaminase variants developed on the backbone of the FDA-approved Erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase were highly efficacious against both T- and B-cell ALL, while displaying reduced acute toxicity features. These results support the development of a new generation of safer l-asparaginases without l-glutaminase activity for the treatment of human ALL.Significance: A new l-asparaginase-based therapy is less toxic compared with FDA-approved high l-glutaminase enzymes Cancer Res; 78(6); 1549-60. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Anh Nguyen
- The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Ying Su
- The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Jenny Y Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Amanda M Schalk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Li Liu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Damiano Rondelli
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Annie Oh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dolores L Mahmud
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Sofie Peirs
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Mondelaers
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael J Schlicht
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kasim K Kabirov
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexander V Lyubimov
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bradley J Merrill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnon Lavie
- The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,
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26
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Charbonneau DM, Breault-Turcot J, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M, Leclerc JM, Masson JF, Pelletier JN. Tracking Silent Hypersensitivity Reactions to Asparaginase during Leukemia Therapy Using Single-Chip Indirect Plasmonic and Fluorescence Immunosensing. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1761-1766. [PMID: 29168384 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbial asparaginase is an essential component of chemotherapy for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL). Silent hypersensitivity reactions to this microbial enzyme need to be monitored accurately during treatment to avoid adverse effects of the drug and its silent inactivation. Here, we present a dual-response anti-asparaginase sensor that combines indirect SPR and fluorescence on a single chip to perform ELISA-type immunosensing, and correlate measurements with classical ELISA. Analysis of serum samples from children undergoing cALL therapy revealed a clear correlation between single-chip indirect SPR/fluorescence immunosensing and ELISA used in clinical settings (R2 > 0.9). We also report that the portable SPR/fluorescence system had a better sensitivity than classical ELISA to detect antibodies in clinical samples with low antigenicity. This work demonstrates the reliability of dual sensing for monitoring clinically relevant antibody titers in clinical serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Breault-Turcot
- Centre
Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF), Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Centre
de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Centre
de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Leclerc
- Centre
de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jean-François Masson
- Centre
Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF), Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- PROTEO
Network, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
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27
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Sourani Z, Shirzad H, Shirzad M, Pourgheysari B. Interaction between Gallic acid and Asparaginase to potentiate anti-proliferative effect on lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1045-1054. [PMID: 29217160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) fails in some cases and the side effects cause mortality in certain patients. Gallic acid (GA), a polyhydroxyphenolic compound has biological functions including anti-proliferative properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the growth inhibition effects of GA in combination with asparaginase (ASP), as a component of combination chemotherapy, in a lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. METHODS Jurkat cells were incubated with different concentrations of GA with or without ASP. Proliferation inhibition was investigated using MTS test. The level of apoptosis alterations were evaluated using flow cytometry. The expression of Fas gene level and surface expression were investigated by quantitative real time PCR and flow cytometry respectively. RESULTS GA at 50μM concentration and ASP at 0.5 IU/ml inhibited 50% cell proliferation in 48 hours. GA also increased the inhibitory effect of ASP and some combinations had synergistic results. The increase of cell apoptosis and Fas expression were observed in GA-treated cells compared to control. GA increased the effect of ASP on proliferation inhibition, induction of apoptosis and Fas expression. CONCLUSION GA is an effective component in proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and enhancement of Fas expression level in Jurkat cell line. GA in some combination with ASP increases the effect of the latter on the cells. The study of the mechanism of these effects could be a further step towards target therapy. This study is a preliminary phase to the use of GA and should be carried out by more comprehensive study and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sourani
- Immunology Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Batoul Pourgheysari
- Pathology and Hematology Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Medical Plant Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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28
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Ulu A, Ates B. Immobilization of l-Asparaginase on Carrier Materials: A Comprehensive Review. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1598-1610. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ulu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Arts, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey
| | - Burhan Ates
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Arts, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey
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29
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Panosyan EH, Lin HJ, Koster J, Lasky JL. In search of druggable targets for GBM amino acid metabolism. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:162. [PMID: 28245795 PMCID: PMC5331648 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid (AA) pathways may contain druggable targets for glioblastoma (GBM). Literature reviews and GBM database ( http://r2.amc.nl ) analyses were carried out to screen for such targets among 95 AA related enzymes. METHODS First, we identified the genes that were differentially expressed in GBMs (3 datasets) compared to non-GBM brain tissues (5 datasets), or were associated with survival differences. Further, protein expression for these enzymes was also analyzed in high grade gliomas (HGGs) (proteinatlas.org). Finally, AA enzyme and gene expression were compared among the 4 TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) subtypes of GBMs. RESULTS We detected differences in enzymes involved in glutamate and urea cycle metabolism in GBM. For example, expression levels of BCAT1 (branched chain amino acid transferase 1) and ASL (argininosuccinate lyase) were high, but ASS1 (argininosuccinate synthase 1) was low in GBM. Proneural and neural TCGA subtypes had low expression of all three. High expression of all three correlated with worse outcome. ASL and ASS1 protein levels were mostly undetected in high grade gliomas, whereas BCAT1 was high. GSS (glutathione synthetase) was not differentially expressed, but higher levels were linked to poor progression free survival. ASPA (aspartoacylase) and GOT1 (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1) had lower expression in GBM (associated with poor outcomes). All three GABA related genes -- glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) and 2 (GAD2) and 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) -- were lower in mesenchymal tumors, which in contrast showed higher IDO1 (indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1) and TDO2 (tryptophan 2, 3-diaxygenase). Expression of PRODH (proline dehydrogenase), a putative tumor suppressor, was lower in GBM. Higher levels predicted poor survival. CONCLUSIONS Several AA-metabolizing enzymes that are higher in GBM, are also linked to poor outcome (such as BCAT1), which makes them potential targets for therapeutic inhibition. Moreover, existing drugs that deplete asparagine and arginine may be effective against brain tumors, and should be studied in conjunction with chemotherapy. Last, AA metabolism is heterogeneous in TCGA subtypes of GBM (as well as medulloblastomas and other pediatric tumors), which may translate to variable responses to AA targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard H. Panosyan
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Box 468, 1000 W. Carson Street, N25, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
| | - Henry J. Lin
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Box 468, 1000 W. Carson Street, N25, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph L. Lasky
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Box 468, 1000 W. Carson Street, N25, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
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30
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McNeer JL, Bleyer A, Conter V, Stock W. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. CANCER IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33679-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Erva RR, Goswami AN, Suman P, Vedanabhatla R, Rajulapati SB. Optimization of L-asparaginase production from novel Enterobacter sp., by submerged fermentation using response surface methodology. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:219-228. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1201683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswara Reddy Erva
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Ajgebi Nath Goswami
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Priyanka Suman
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Ravali Vedanabhatla
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Satish Babu Rajulapati
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
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32
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Asselin B. Immunology of infusion reactions in the treatment of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1609-21. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infusion reactions are potentially dose-limiting adverse events associated with intravenous administration of several common agents used to treat patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. True clinical hypersensitivity reactions are antibody-mediated and can occur only after repeated exposure to an antigen. Conversely, anaphylactoid infusion reactions are nonantibody-mediated and often occur on the initial exposure to a drug. Cytokine-release syndrome comprises a subset of nonantibody-mediated infusion reactions associated with the use of monoclonal antibodies and immune therapies. Clinical symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions and nonantibody-mediated infusion reactions heavily overlap and can be difficult to distinguish in practice. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, any infusion reaction can negatively affect treatment efficacy and patient safety. These events require prompt response, and potentially, modification of subsequent therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Asselin
- Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 667, Rochester, NY, USA
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33
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Kumar S, Prabhu AA, Dasu VV, Pakshirajan K. Batch and fed-batch bioreactor studies for the enhanced production of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase from Pectobacterium carotovorum MTCC 1428. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:74-80. [PMID: 27070115 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1168841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) level and pH (controlled/uncontrolled) was first studied to enhance the production of novel glutaminase-free L-asparaginase by Pectobacterium carotovorum MTCC 1428 in a batch bioreactor. The optimum level of DO was found to be 20%. The production of L-asparaginase was found to be maximum when pH of the medium was maintained at 8.5 after 12 h of fermentation. Under these conditions, P. carotovorum produced 17.97 U/mL of L-asparaginase corresponding to the productivity of 1497.50 U/L/h. The production of L-asparaginase was studied in fed-batch bioreactor by feeding L-asparagine (essential substrate for production) and/or glucose (carbon source for growth) at the end of the reaction period of 12 h. The initial medium containing both L-asparagine and glucose in the batch mode and L-asparagine in the feeding stream was found to be the best combination for enhanced production of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase. Under this condition, the L-asparaginase production was increased to 38.8 U/mL, which corresponded to a productivity of 1615.8 U/L/h. The production and productivity were increased by 115.8% and 7.9%, respectively, both of which are higher than those obtained in the batch bioreactor experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Ashish A Prabhu
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - V Venkata Dasu
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- a Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam , India
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Liu C, Janke LJ, Kawedia JD, Ramsey LB, Cai X, Mattano LA, Boyd KL, Funk AJ, Relling MV. Asparaginase Potentiates Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteonecrosis in a Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151433. [PMID: 26967741 PMCID: PMC4788417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis is a common dose-limiting toxicity of glucocorticoids. Data from clinical trials suggest that other medications can increase the risk of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis. Here we utilized a mouse model to study the effect of asparaginase treatment on dexamethasone-induced osteonecrosis. Mice receiving asparaginase along with dexamethasone had a higher rate of osteonecrosis than those receiving only dexamethasone after 6 weeks of treatment (44% vs. 10%, P = 0.006). Similarly, epiphyseal arteriopathy, which we have shown to be an initiating event for osteonecrosis, was observed in 58% of mice receiving asparaginase and dexamethasone compared to 17% of mice receiving dexamethasone only (P = 0.007). As in the clinic, greater exposure to asparaginase was associated with greater plasma exposure to dexamethasone (P = 0.0001). This model also recapitulated other clinical risk factors for osteonecrosis, including age at start of treatment, and association with the systemic exposure to dexamethasone (P = 0.027) and asparaginase (P = 0.036). We conclude that asparaginase can potentiate the osteonecrotic effect of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jitesh D. Kawedia
- Department of Pharmacy Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura B. Ramsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiangjun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Funk
- Animal Resource Center (Veterinary Services), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mary V. Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cloning, expression and characterization of L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas fluorescens for large scale production in E. coli BL21. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:975-981. [PMID: 28324403 PMCID: PMC4624130 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (E.C. 3.5.1.1) is used as an anti-neoplastic drug in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. l-Asparaginase from Pseudomonas fluorescens was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli BL21. The Enzyme was found to be a Fusion protein-asparaginase complex which was given a lysozyme treatment and sonication, and then was purified in a Sepharose 6B column. The enzymatic properties of the recombinant enzyme were studied and the kinetic parameters were determined with kilometre of 109.99 mM and Vmax of 2.88 µM/min. Recombinant enzyme showed pH optima at 6.3 and temperature optima at 34 °C. Asp gene was successfully cloned into E. coli BL21 which produced high level of asparaginase intracellularly with 85.25 % recovery of enzyme with a specific activity of 0.94 IU/mg protein. The enzyme was a tetramer with molecular weight of approximately 141 kDa.
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Kaczkowski B, Tanaka Y, Kawaji H, Sandelin A, Andersson R, Itoh M, Lassmann T, Hayashizaki Y, Carninci P, Forrest AR. Transcriptome Analysis of Recurrently Deregulated Genes across Multiple Cancers Identifies New Pan-Cancer Biomarkers. Cancer Res 2015; 76:216-26. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Optimization of Culture Conditions for Production of the Anti-Leukemic Glutaminase Free L-Asparaginase by Newly Isolated Streptomyces olivaceus NEAE-119 Using Response Surface Methodology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:627031. [PMID: 26180806 PMCID: PMC4477217 DOI: 10.1155/2015/627031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the antitumor drugs, bacterial enzyme L-asparaginase has been employed as the most effective chemotherapeutic agent in pediatric oncotherapy especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Glutaminase free L-asparaginase producing actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples collected from Egypt. Among them, a potential culture, strain NEAE-119, was selected and identified on the basis of morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties together with 16S rRNA sequence as Streptomyces olivaceus NEAE-119 and sequencing product (1509 bp) was deposited in the GenBank database under accession number KJ200342. The optimization of different process parameters for L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces olivaceus NEAE-119 using Plackett-Burman experimental design and response surface methodology was carried out. Fifteen variables (temperature, pH, incubation time, inoculum size, inoculum age, agitation speed, dextrose, starch, L-asparagine, KNO3, yeast extract, K2HPO4, MgSO4·7H2O, NaCl, and FeSO4·7H2O) were screened using Plackett-Burman experimental design. The most positive significant independent variables affecting enzyme production (temperature, inoculum age, and agitation speed) were further optimized by the face-centered central composite design-response surface methodology.
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38
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Yong W. Clinical study of l-asparaginase in the treatment of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Hematol Oncol 2015; 34:61-8. [PMID: 25899032 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, (ENKTL) is a rare distinct entity of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is prevalent in Asia and Latin America but rare in North America and Europe. ENKTL represents an aggressive clinical course and a poor prognosis especially for advanced disease. There is no standard chemotherapeutic regimen for ENKTL. Recently, the efficacy of l-asparaginase in ENKTL has been confirmed. A series of l-asparaginase-containing chemotherapeutic regimens have been studied in clinical trials and have significantly improved the efficacy and prognosis for patients with ENKTL. This review will focus on pharmacology of l-asparaginase, the efficacy of a series of l-asparaginase-containing regimens in the treatment of ENKTL and future clinical study directions of l-asparaginase-containing regimens in ENKTL. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiben Yong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Asparaginase is widely used in chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and has led to a substantial improvement in cure rates, especially in children. Optimal therapeutic effects depend on a complete and sustained depletion of serum asparagine. However, pronounced interpatient variability, differences in pharmacokinetic properties between asparaginases and the formation of asparaginase antibodies make it difficult to predict the degree of asparagine depletion that will result from a given dose of asparaginase. The pharmacological principles underlying asparaginase therapy in the treatment of ALL are summarized in this article. A better understanding of the many factors that influence asparaginase activity and subsequent asparagine depletion may allow physicians to tailor treatment to the individual, maximizing therapeutic effect and minimizing treatment-related toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring provides a means of assessing a patient's current depletion status and can be used to better evaluate the potential benefit of treatment adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Asselin
- a Department of Pediatrics , Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Carmelo Rizzari
- b Department of Pediatrics , Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, MBBM Foundation, San Gerardo Hospital , Monza , Italy
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Ramya LN, Pulicherla KK. Studies on Deimmunization of Antileukaemic L-Asparaginase to have Reduced Clinical Immunogenicity- An in silico Approach. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:909-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Outcomes for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved significantly in recent decades, primarily due to dose-intensified, multi-agent chemotherapy regimens, of which asparaginase has played a prominent role. Despite this success, hypersensitivity remains a significant problem, often requiring the termination of asparaginase. Failure to complete the entire asparaginase therapy course due to clinical hypersensitivity, subclinical hypersensitivity (i.e., silent inactivation), or other treatment-related toxicity is associated with poor ALL outcomes. Thus, it is critical to rapidly identify patients who develop clinical/subclinical hypersensitivity and switch these patients to an alternate asparaginase formulation. This article provides an overview of asparaginase hypersensitivity, identification and management of hypersensitivity and subclinical hypersensitivity, and issues related to switching patients to asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi following hypersensitivity reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Burke
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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42
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Identification of Functional Regions in the Rhodospirillum rubrum l-Asparaginase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 57:251-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Dash C, Mohapatra SB, Maiti PK. Optimization, purification, and characterization of L-asparaginase fromActinomycetales bacteriumBkSoiiA. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 46:1-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.969437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Andrade AF, Borges KS, Silveira VS. Update on the Use of l-Asparaginase in Infants and Adolescent Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2014; 8:95-100. [PMID: 25210485 PMCID: PMC4149393 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s10242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Great improvements have been made in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment in the past decades, especially due to the use of l-asparaginase (l-ASP). Despite the significant success rate, several side effects mainly caused by toxicity, asparaginase silent inactivation, and cellular resistance, encourage an open debate regarding the optimal dosage and formulation of l-ASP. Alternative sources of asparaginases have been constantly investigated in order to overcome hypersensitivity clinical toxicity. Additionally, genomic modulation as gene expression profiling, genetic polymorphisms, and epigenetic changes is also being investigated concerning their role in cellular resistance to l-ASP. Understanding the mechanisms that mediate the resistance to l-ASP treatment may bring new insights into ALL pathobiology and contribute to the development of more effective treatment strategies. In summary, this review presents an overview on l-ASP data and focuses on cellular mechanisms underlying resistance and alternative therapies for the use of asparaginase in childhood ALL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto F Andrade
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kleiton S Borges
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S Silveira
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School/University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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45
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El-Nagga NEA, El-Ewasy SM, El-Shweihy NM. Microbial L-asparaginase as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: The Pros and Cons. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.182.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Masurekar A, Fong C, Hussein A, Revesz T, Hoogerbrugge PM, Love S, Ciria C, Parker C, Krishnan S, Saha V. The optimal use of PEG-asparaginase in relapsed ALL--lessons from the ALLR3 Clinical Trial. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e203. [PMID: 24769644 PMCID: PMC4003420 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Masurekar
- Children's Cancer Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Cancer, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C Fong
- Children's Cancer Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Cancer, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Hussein
- Children's Cancer Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Cancer, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - T Revesz
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P M Hoogerbrugge
- Childrens Hospital, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dutch 17 Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - S Love
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Ciria
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Parker
- Children's Cancer Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Cancer, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Krishnan
- Children's Cancer Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Cancer, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Tata Translational Cancer Research Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - V Saha
- Children's Cancer Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Cancer, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Tata Translational Cancer Research Centre, Kolkata, India
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47
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Panosyan EH, Wang Y, Xia P, Lee WNP, Pak Y, Laks DR, Lin HJ, Moore TB, Cloughesy TF, Kornblum HI, Lasky JL. Asparagine depletion potentiates the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy against brain tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:694-702. [PMID: 24505127 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Targeting amino acid metabolism has therapeutic implications for aggressive brain tumors. Asparagine is an amino acid that is synthesized by normal cells. However, some cancer cells lack asparagine synthetase (ASNS), the key enzyme for asparagine synthesis. Asparaginase (ASNase) contributes to eradication of acute leukemia by decreasing asparagine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. However, leukemic cells may become ASNase-resistant by upregulating ASNS. High expression of ASNS has also been associated with biologic aggressiveness of other cancers, including gliomas. Here, the impact of enzymatic depletion of asparagine on proliferation of brain tumor cells was determined. ASNase was used as monotherapy or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Viability assays for ASNase-treated cells demonstrated significant growth reduction in multiple cell lines. This effect was reversed by glutamine in a dose-dependent manner--as expected, because glutamine is the main amino group donor for asparagine synthesis. ASNase treatment also reduced sphere formation by medulloblastoma and primary glioblastoma cells. ASNase-resistant glioblastoma cells exhibited elevated levels of ASNS mRNA. ASNase cotreatment significantly enhanced gemcitabine or etoposide cytotoxicity against glioblastoma cells. Xenograft tumors in vivo showed no significant response to ASNase monotherapy and little response to temozolomide alone. However, combinatorial therapy with ASNase and temozolomide resulted in significant growth suppression for an extended duration of time. Taken together, these findings indicate that amino acid depletion warrants further investigation as adjunctive therapy for brain tumors. IMPLICATIONS Findings have potential impact for providing adjuvant means to enhance brain tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard H Panosyan
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance; Departments of 2Psychiatry and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and 3Pediatrics; and 4The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
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48
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Roth G, Nunes JES, Rosado LA, Bizarro CV, Volpato G, Nunes CP, Renard G, Basso LA, Santos DS, Chies JM. Recombinant Erwinia carotovora l-asparaginase II production in Escherichia coli fed-batch cultures. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322013000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Roth
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Quatro G Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda., Brazil
| | - J. E. S. Nunes
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Quatro G Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda., Brazil
| | - L. A. Rosado
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C. V. Bizarro
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - G. Volpato
- Quatro G Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda., Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C. P. Nunes
- Quatro G Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda., Brazil
| | - G. Renard
- Quatro G Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda., Brazil
| | - L. A. Basso
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Quatro G Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda., Brazil
| | - D. S. Santos
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Quatro G Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda., Brazil
| | - J. M. Chies
- Quatro G Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda., Brazil
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50
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Huerta-Saquero A, Evangelista-Martínez Z, Moreno-Enriquez A, Perez-Rueda E. Rhizobium etli asparaginase II: an alternative for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. Bioengineered 2012; 4:30-6. [PMID: 22895060 PMCID: PMC3566018 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.21710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial l-asparaginase has been a universal component of therapies for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia since the 1970s. Two principal enzymes derived from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi are the only options clinically approved to date. We recently reported a study of recombinant l-asparaginase (AnsA) from Rhizobium etli and described an increasing type of AnsA family members. Sequence analysis revealed four conserved motifs with notable differences with respect to the conserved regions of amino acid sequences of type I and type II l-asparaginases, particularly in comparison with therapeutic enzymes from E. coli and E. chrysanthemi. These differences suggested a distinct immunological specificity. Here, we report an in silico analysis that revealed immunogenic determinants of AnsA. Also, we used an extensive approach to compare the crystal structures of E. coli and E. chrysantemi asparaginases with a computational model of AnsA and identified immunogenic epitopes. A three-dimensional model of AsnA revealed, as expected based on sequence dissimilarities, completely different folding and different immunogenic epitopes. This approach could be very useful in transcending the problem of immunogenicity in two major ways: by chemical modifications of epitopes to reduce drug immunogenicity, and by site-directed mutagenesis of amino acid residues to diminish immunogenicity without reduction of enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Huerta-Saquero
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular; Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, México.
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