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Tian MY, Hao DX, Liu Y, He J, Zhao ZH, Guo TY, Li X, Zhang Y. Milk exosomes: an oral drug delivery system with great application potential. Food Funct 2023; 14:1320-1337. [PMID: 36722924 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with the smallest diameter, usually divided into cellular sources and body fluid sources. Due to their special properties different from cell-derived exosomes, the application of milk exosomes as an oral drug delivery system has increased greatly. This article introduces the physical and chemical properties of exosomes, separation technology, dyeing and labeling technology, targeted modification technology, and the application of milk exosomes in drug loading and disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Dong-Xia Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhuo-Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ting-Yu Guo
- The International Department of the High School Affiliated to Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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Amiri A, Bagherifar R, Ansari Dezfouli E, Kiaie SH, Jafari R, Ramezani R. Exosomes as bio-inspired nanocarriers for RNA delivery: preparation and applications. J Transl Med 2022; 20:125. [PMID: 35287692 PMCID: PMC8919142 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers as drug/biomolecule delivery systems have been significantly developed during recent decades. Given the stability, reasonable delivery efficiency, and safety of nanocarriers, there are several barriers in the fulfillment of successful clinical application of these delivery systems. These challenges encouraged drug delivery researchers to establish innovative nanocarriers with longer circulation time, high stability, and high compatibility. Exosomes are extracellular nanometer-sized vesicles released through various cells. These vesicles serve as nanocarriers, possessing great potential to overcome some obstacles encountered in gene and drug delivery due to their natural affinity to recipient cells and the inherent capability to shuttle the genes, lipids, proteins, and RNAs between cells. So far, there has been a lot of valuable research on drug delivery by exosomes, but research on RNA delivery, especially mRNA, is very limited. Since mRNA-based vaccines and therapies have recently gained particular prominence in various diseases, it is essential to find a suitable delivery system due to the large size and destructive nature of these nucleic acids. That's why we're going to take a look at the unique features of exosomes and their isolation and loading methods, to embrace this idea that exosome-mediated mRNA-based therapies would be introduced as a very efficient strategy in disease treatment within the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Amiri
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafieh Bagherifar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ansari Dezfouli
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. Box: 1138, 57147, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Reihaneh Ramezani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, 1993893973, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Yadav N, Dahiya T, Chhillar AK, Rana JS, Mohan H. Promising Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1556-1568. [PMID: 34951360 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666211222165508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by the accumulation of genetic mutations in cells by different types of mutagens such as physical, chemical, and biological. Consequently, normal cell cycles get interrupted. Conventional techniques used for diagnosis include. Various conventional techniques used for cancer diagnosis include immunological assays, histopathogical tests, polymerase chain reaction, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, radiation therapy, and many more. These techniques are expensive, time consuming, tedious, adverse effects to healthy cells and requirement of skilled personnel for their operation. Therefore nanomaterials based biosensors have been used for the sensitive, selective, economic and quick detection of cancer biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors have shown profound impact in efficient diagnosis of cancers that facilitate the effective treatment of patient in acute stage. Nanomaterials including inorganic, organic and polymeric nanomaterials have been used in the treatment of different types of cancers. Nanoapproaches have offered several merits including site-specific, require traces amount of therapeutic molecules, limited toxicity, avoid drug resistance, more efficient, sensitive and reliable than conventional chemotherapeutics and radiation therapies. Therefore, future research should be focussed on development of highly inventive nanotools for the diagnosis and therapeutics of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, -131039, Haryana. India
| | - Twinkle Dahiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, -131039, Haryana. India
| | - Anil Kumar Chhillar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana. India
| | - Jogender Singh Rana
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, -131039, Haryana. India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana. India
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Adriano B, Cotto NM, Chauhan N, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Milk exosomes: Nature's abundant nanoplatform for theranostic applications. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2479-2490. [PMID: 33553829 PMCID: PMC7856328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a unique subpopulation of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles which are smaller intracellular membrane nanoparticle vesicles. Exosomes have proven to be excellent nanocarriers for carrying lipids, proteins, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, and DNAs, and disseminating long-distance intercellular communications in various biological processes. Among various cell-line or biological fluid derived exosomes, milk exosomes are abundant in nature and exhibit many nanocarrier characteristics favorable for theranostic applications. To be an effective delivery carrier for their clinical translation, exosomes must inbuilt loading, release, targeting, and imaging/tracking characteristics. Considering the unmet gaps of milk exosomes in theranostic technology it is essential to focus the current review on drug delivery and imaging applications. This review delineates the efficiency of exosomes to load therapeutic or imaging agents and their successful delivery approaches. It is emphasized on possible modifications of exosomes towards increasing the stability and delivery of agents. This article also summarizes the specific applications and the process of developing milk exosomes as a future pharmaceutical drug delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benilde Adriano
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
| | - Nycol M. Cotto
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
| | - Neeraj Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
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Zhao J, Zhu Y, Fu Q, Zhu Y, Zhao G. HEATR1 promotes proliferation in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1030-1039. [PMID: 32634230 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HEAT repeat-containing protein 1 (HEATR1) is related to the progression of several cancers. However, the role of HEATR1 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to detect the expression of HEATR1 in GC and identify its role. The expressions of HEATR1 in GC tissues were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the HEATR1 expressions in GC cell lines MGC-803 and AGS were knocked down by using lentivirus-mediated HEATR1 shRNA. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and Caspase-Glo® 3/7 assays, respectively. PathScan® Signaling Antibody Array kit and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment were used to study the pathways related to HEATR1. The influence of HEATR1 shRNA on the in vivo growth of GC cells was assessed by establishing a nude mouse xenograft model and conducting bioluminescence imaging. Our results showed that HEATR1 was highly expressed in GC tissues. Higher expression of HEATR1 is related to cancer progression and metastasis. Knocking down HEATR1 significantly suppressed the cell proliferation and colony formation and promoted cell apoptosis. The expression levels of phosphorylated p53, p38 MAPK, Chk2, and IKBa in shHEATR1-transfected MGC-803 cells exceeded those in shCtrl-transfected cells. HEATR1 shRNA treatment also significantly inhibited tumor growth in the mouse model. This study suggested that HEATR1 may be an oncogene and a target for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qingsheng Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Guohai Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
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Talkar SS, Patravale VB. Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:385-396. [PMID: 32473623 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200531141455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer ranks second in terms of mortality and is a front-runner of newly detected cases. Conventional therapies neither eradicated cancer nor increased the life expectancy of patients obviating the need for less toxic as well as efficient therapies to treat cancer. Gene therapy alone, or in combination with conventional therapies, possesses a strong potential to combat cancer. METHODS This review encompasses a brief note on the etiology and conventional therapy of prostate cancer with an emphasis on gene therapy and its suitability for the treatment of prostate cancer. RESULTS A comprehensive range of gene therapy approaches have been successfully explored for prostate cancer treatment in animal models and this has been well translated into early clinical trials. We have also discussed in brief about specific therapeutic genes and suitable vector systems for gene therapy in prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Based on the results of these clinical trials, the application of gene therapy in prostate cancer therapeutics can be satisfactorily established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil S Talkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh, Marg, Matunga - 400 019, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vandana B Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh, Marg, Matunga - 400 019, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Daßler-Plenker J, Küttner V, Egeblad M. Communication in tiny packages: Exosomes as means of tumor-stroma communication. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188340. [PMID: 31926290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes are nano-sized vesicles acting as multi-signal devices influencing tumor growth at local and distant sites. Exosomes are derived from the endolysosomal compartment and can shuttle diverse biomolecules like nucleic acids (microRNAs and DNA fragments), lipids, proteins, and even pharmacological compounds from a donor cell to recipient cells. The transfer of cargo to recipient cells enables tumor-derived exosomes to influence diverse cellular functions like proliferation, cell survival, and migration in recipient cells, highlighting tumor-derived exosomes as important players in communication within the tumor microenvironment and at distant sites. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms associated with exosome biogenesis and cargo sorting. In addition, we highlight the communication of tumor-derived exosomes in the tumor microenvironment during different phases of tumor development, focusing on angiogenesis, immune escape mechanisms, drug resistance, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Küttner
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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8
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Senapati D, Patra BC, Kar A, Chini DS, Ghosh S, Patra S, Bhattacharya M. Promising approaches of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) mediated cancer gene therapy. Gene 2019; 719:144071. [PMID: 31454539 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has extensive potential to revolutionize every aspect of clinical application in biomedical research. One of the promising tools is the Small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules within a cellular component. Principally, siRNA mediated innovative advances are increasing rapidly in support of cancer diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Conversely, it has some delivery challenges to the site of action within the cells of a target organ, due to the progress of nucleic acids engineering and advance material science research contributing to the exceptional organ-specific targeted therapy. This siRNA based therapeutic technique definitely favors a unique and effective prospect to cancer patients. Herein, the significant drive also takes to review and summarize the major organ specific targets of diverse siRNAs based gene silencing mechanism. This machinery promisingly served as the inhibitor components for cancer development in the human model. Furthermore, the focus is also given to current applications on siRNA based quantifiable therapy leading to the silencing of cancer related gene expression in a sequence dependent and selective manner for cancer treatment. That might be a potent tool against the traditional chemotherapy techniques. Therefore, the siRNA mediated cancer gene therapy definitely require sharp attention like future weapons in opposition to cancer by the method of non-invasive siRNA delivery and effective gene silencing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Senapati
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Patra
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Avijit Kar
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Deep Sankar Chini
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumendu Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Shinjan Patra
- Department of General Medicine, Midnapore Medical College and Hospital, Midnapore, West Bengal 721101, India
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India.
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Sun D, Tan S, Xiong Y, Pu W, Li J, Wei W, Huang C, Wei YQ, Peng Y. MicroRNA Biogenesis is Enhanced by Liposome-Encapsulated Pin1 Inhibitor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4704-4716. [PMID: 31367251 PMCID: PMC6643437 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is in an urgent need of new, effective therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality. We have previously demonstrated that peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 is a potential target for HCC therapy, due to its pivotal role in HCC development through regulating miRNA biogenesis, and discovered the small molecule API-1 as a novel and specific Pin1 inhibitor. Despite its significant anti-HCC activity, the low water solubility and in vivo bioavailability of API-1 limit its clinical application. To address these issues, we herein developed a liposomal formulation of API-1 to improve API-1 delivery and enhance its anti-HCC efficacy. Methods: We designed and developed a nanoscale liposomal formulation of API-1, named as API-LP. Subsequently, the mean diameter, polydispersity, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and thermal properties of the optimization API-LP were characterized. The enhanced anti-HCC activity and the molecular mechanism of API-LP were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the safety and pharmacokinetic property of API-LP were evaluated systematically. Results: API-LP had good formulation characteristics and exhibited an enhanced in vitro activity of suppressing proliferation and migration of HCC cells when compared with free API-1. The mechanism study showed that API-LP upregulated miRNA biogenesis via inhibiting Pin1 activity followed by restoring the nucleus-to-cytoplasm export of XPO5. Because of the increased delivery efficiency, API-LP displayed a stronger ability to promote miRNA biogenesis than free API-1. Importantly, API-LP displayed higher systemic exposure than free API-1 in mice without apparent toxicity, resulting in an enhanced tumor inhibition in xenograft mice. Conclusion: The development and assessment of API-LP provide an attractive and safe anti-HCC agent, highlighting the miRNA-based treatment for human cancers.
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Abstract
With the recent explosion of genomic information on the root causes of disease, there is an increased interest in nucleic acid therapeutics, including siRNA and gene therapy, all of which require delivery of highly charged nucleic acids from siRNA with a molecular weight of about 1.4 × 104 to plasmids with an approximate molecular weight of 2.0-3.0 × 106. This chapter describes the delivery of shRNA via plasmid or siRNA with a peptide-based carrier. We focus on the histidine-lysine peptide which serves as an example for other peptides and polymeric carrier systems. When the HK peptide and nucleic acids are mixed together and interact with one another through ionic and nonionic interactions, nanoplexes are formed. These nanoplexes, carrying either shRNA or siRNA that target oncogenes, provide promising options for the treatment of cancer. We describe methods of preparation and characterization of these nanoplexes using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and gel retardation assays. We also provide protocols for transfection in vitro and in vivo for these nanoplexes.
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11
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Progress in gene therapy using oncolytic vaccinia virus as vectors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2433-2440. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Mu X, Li J, Yan S, Zhang H, Zhang W, Zhang F, Jiang J. siRNA Delivery with Stem Cell Membrane-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy and Gene Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3895-3905. [PMID: 33429596 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Mu
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
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13
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Shin H, Park SJ, Yim Y, Kim J, Choi C, Won C, Min DH. Recent Advances in RNA Therapeutics and RNA Delivery Systems Based on Nanoparticles. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojeong Shin
- Center for RNA Research; Institute for Basic Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Park
- Center for RNA Research; Institute for Basic Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeajee Yim
- Center for RNA Research; Institute for Basic Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology; Lemonex Inc.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwon Choi
- Center for RNA Research; Institute for Basic Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Won
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology; Lemonex Inc.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Center for RNA Research; Institute for Basic Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biotherapeutics Convergence Technology; Lemonex Inc.; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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14
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Karim ME, Tha KK, Othman I, Borhan Uddin M, Chowdhury EH. Therapeutic Potency of Nanoformulations of siRNAs and shRNAs in Animal Models of Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E65. [PMID: 29861465 PMCID: PMC6026921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA Interference (RNAi) has brought revolutionary transformations in cancer management in the past two decades. RNAi-based therapeutics including siRNA and shRNA have immense scope to silence the expression of mutant cancer genes specifically in a therapeutic context. Although tremendous progress has been made to establish catalytic RNA as a new class of biologics for cancer management, a lot of extracellular and intracellular barriers still pose a long-lasting challenge on the way to clinical approval. A series of chemically suitable, safe and effective viral and non-viral carriers have emerged to overcome physiological barriers and ensure targeted delivery of RNAi. The newly invented carriers, delivery techniques and gene editing technology made current treatment protocols stronger to fight cancer. This review has provided a platform about the chronicle of siRNA development and challenges of RNAi therapeutics for laboratory to bedside translation focusing on recent advancement in siRNA delivery vehicles with their limitations. Furthermore, an overview of several animal model studies of siRNA- or shRNA-based cancer gene therapy over the past 15 years has been presented, highlighting the roles of genes in multiple cancers, pharmacokinetic parameters and critical evaluation. The review concludes with a future direction for the development of catalytic RNA vehicles and design strategies to make RNAi-based cancer gene therapy more promising to surmount cancer gene delivery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Emranul Karim
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kyi Kyi Tha
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Ramon AL, Bertrand JR, Malvy C. Delivery of Small Interfering RNA. A Review and an Example of Application to a Junction Oncogene. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:254-63. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference strategies using small interfering RNA is one of the most important discoveries in biology in recent years. This technology alongside antisense oligonucleotides is very promising and our group has focused its work on the targeting of junction oncogenes with these molecules. We have taken, as first example, papillary thyroid carcinoma. But there is a great need in delivery methods for these molecules in the treatment of cancers. Indeed, many studies have shown that small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides are made efficient by various innovative delivery methods and, under these conditions, offer a powerful new therapeutic tool in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Ramon
- CNRS UMR 8121, Université Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Rémi Bertrand
- CNRS UMR 8121, Université Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Claude Malvy
- CNRS UMR 8121, Université Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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16
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Resende R, Torres H, Yuahasi K, Majumder P, Ulrich H. Delivery Systems for in Vivo use of Nucleic Acid Drugs. Drug Target Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117739280700200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R.R. Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H.A.M. Torres
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - K.K. Yuahasi
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Present address
| | - P Majumder
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - H Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
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Luan X, Sansanaphongpricha K, Myers I, Chen H, Yuan H, Sun D. Engineering exosomes as refined biological nanoplatforms for drug delivery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:754-763. [PMID: 28392567 PMCID: PMC5520184 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 730] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs), have been recognized as important mediators of long distance intercellular communication and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes. Because of their ideal native structure and characteristics, exosomes are promising nanocarriers for clinical use. Exosomes are engineered at the cellular level under natural conditions, but successful exosome modification requires further exploration. The focus of this paper is to summarize passive and active loading approaches, as well as specific exosome modifications and examples of the delivery of therapeutic and imaging molecules. Examples of exosomes derived from a variety of biological origins are also provided. The biocompatible characteristics of exosomes, with suitable modifications, can increase the stability and efficacy of imaging probes and therapeutics while enhancing cellular uptake. Challenges in clinical translation of exosome-based platforms from different cell sources and the advantages of each are also reviewed and discussed.
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18
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Goyal R, Macri LK, Kaplan HM, Kohn J. Nanoparticles and nanofibers for topical drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 240:77-92. [PMID: 26518723 PMCID: PMC4896846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review provides the first comprehensive overview of the use of both nanoparticles and nanofibers for topical drug delivery. Researchers have explored the use of nanotechnology, specifically nanoparticles and nanofibers, as drug delivery systems for topical and transdermal applications. This approach employs increased drug concentration in the carrier, in order to increase drug flux into and through the skin. Both nanoparticles and nanofibers can be used to deliver hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and are capable of controlled release for a prolonged period of time. The examples presented provide significant evidence that this area of research has - and will continue to have - a profound impact on both clinical outcomes and the development of new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Goyal
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lauren K Macri
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hilton M Kaplan
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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19
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Time depended Bcl-2 inhibition might be useful for a targeted drug therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:105. [PMID: 26535028 PMCID: PMC4630962 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over expression of Bcl-2 is frequently observed in several types of cancers and it is one of the prognostic markers in breast cancer. The importance of the Bcl-2 protein as ideal therapeutic target is the dual role of inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy-mediated cell death. Thus, the bcl-2 targeting may be a strategy of choice to improve treatment efficacy and overcome drug resistance to cancer chemotherapy. For this reason, we designed the siRNA mediated silencing of the Bcl-2 gene in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Objectives The purpose of this research was to investigate the effective Bcl-2 gene silencing by our homemade siRNA, more than previous study. Our data demonstrated that specific inhibition of the Bcl-2 by siRNA induces approximately more than 90 % gene silencing. Methods MCF-7 Cell lines were treated by homemade Bcl-2siRNA for the first time and control siRNA that was transfected with nanoparticle. The cells harvested at 24, 48 and 72 h and transcription level of Bcl-2 was examined by Real Time -PCR analysis. The drug sensitivity was detected by using LDH assay test. Finally Anexin V-FITC test was performed for evaluation of apoptosis. Results In the present study, results showed that targeting the specific sequence of the Bcl-2 by our homemade siRNA in the MCF7 cell line and its effect was more obvious in 24 h in contrast to 48 and 72 h. Conclusions However, we showed here a time dependent blocking of the bcl-2 transcript that might lead to cell dead due autophagy, and not necessarily to apoptosis.
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20
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Badrealam KF, Owais M. Nano-Sized Drug Delivery Systems: Development and Implication in Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis 2015; 33:675-82. [PMID: 26398762 DOI: 10.1159/000438497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer results in enormous human toll worldwide. Over the years, various chemotherapeutic entities have been employed for treatment of advanced HCC; however, as of yet none embody attributes to improve overall survival. Following rapid advancement in nanotechnology, it is envisage that nanoscale systems may emerge as intriguing platforms to improve chemotherapeutic strategies against various cancers including liver cancer; with better insight in the understanding of pathophysiology of liver cancer and material science, the field of nanotechnology may bring newer hope to liver cancer treatment. Reckoning with these, we detailed the arsenal of nanoformulations that are in various stages of clinical development/ preclinical settings for the treatment of liver cancer together with providing a glimpse of the attributes of nanotechnology in revolutionizing the status of chemotherapeutic modalities.
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21
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Hattori Y, Arai S, Kikuchi T, Ozaki KI, Kawano K, Yonemochi E. Therapeutic effect for liver-metastasized tumor by sequential intravenous injection of anionic polymer and cationic lipoplex of siRNA. J Drug Target 2015; 24:309-317. [PMID: 26234899 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1070856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we developed a novel siRNA transfer method to the liver by sequential intravenous injection of anionic polymer and cationic liposome/siRNA complex (cationic lipoplex). In this study, we investigated whether siRNA delivered by this sequential injection could significantly suppress mRNA expression of the targeted gene in liver metastasis and inhibit tumor growth. When cationic lipoplex was intravenously injected into mice bearing liver metastasis of human breast tumor MCF-7 at 1 min after intravenous injection of chondroitin sulfate C (CS) or poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA), siRNA was accumulated in tumor-metastasized liver. In terms of a gene silencing effect, sequential injections of CS or PGA plus cationic lipoplex of luciferase siRNA could reduce luciferase activity in liver MCF-7-Luc metastasis. Regarding the side effects, sequential injections of CS plus cationic lipoplex did not exhibit hepatic damage or induction of inflammatory cytokines in serum after repeated injections, but sequential injections of PGA plus cationic lipoplex did. Finally, sequential injections of CS plus cationic lipoplex of protein kinase N3 siRNA could suppress tumor growth in the mice bearing liver metastasis. From these findings, sequential injection of CS and cationic lipoplex of siRNA might be a novel systemic method of delivering siRNA to liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hattori
- a Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo , Japan and
| | - Shohei Arai
- a Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo , Japan and
| | - Takuto Kikuchi
- a Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo , Japan and
| | - Kei-Ichi Ozaki
- b Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Kumi Kawano
- a Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo , Japan and
| | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- a Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo , Japan and
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22
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Gori M, Trombetta M, Santini D, Rainer A. Tissue engineering and microRNAs: future perspectives in regenerative medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1071349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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miRNA therapy targeting cancer stem cells: a new paradigm for cancer treatment and prevention of tumor recurrence. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:323-37. [PMID: 25853308 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within tumors that retain the properties of self-renewal and tumorigenicity in vivo. Although CSCs have been reported in multiple cancers, the regulation of CSCs has not been described at the molecular level. miRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of their target genes via RNA interference and are involved in almost all cellular processes. Since aberrant miRNA expression occurs in CSCs, such dysregulated miRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding miRNAs that regulate CSC properties and discuss an in vivo delivery system for synthetic miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitors for the development of innovative miRNA therapy against CSCs.
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24
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Habib R, Akhtar J, Taqi M, Yu C, Zhang C. Lentiviral vector-mediated survivin shRNA delivery in gastric cancer cell lines significantly inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:859-67. [PMID: 26043753 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that survivin has multiple functions including cytoprotection, inhibition of cell death, and cell cycle regulation, particularly at the mitotic stage of the cell cycle, all of which favor cancer survival. Its expression in normal tissue is developmentally regulated, and any type of deregulation in survivin expression favors cancer survival. Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The molecular mechanisms involved in the transformation and progression of gastric cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of lentiviral vector-mediated survivin shRNA delivery in gastric cancer cell lines. Lentiviral-mediated survivin shRNA was used to knock down survivin expression in gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901, MGC-803 and MKN-28. The Τranswell chemotaxis and the CCK-8 assays were used to assess the migration and proliferation of the tumor cells, respectively. TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to quantify mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Our results demonstrated that lentiviral-mediated RNAi markedly suppressed the survivin expression in all three gastric cancer cell lines. Significant decrease in survivin mRNA and protein expression were detected in the gastric cancer cell lines stably transfected with the lentiviral survivin shRNA vector, and knockdown of survivin also significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration in the gastric cancer cells and tumorigenicity in a xenograft animal model. Our results indicated that aberrant high cytoplasmic survivin expression in gastric cancer cells is associated with increased proliferation index and tumor growth. In conclusion, our results suggest that lentiviral-mediated gene therapy has the potential to be developed into a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raees Habib
- Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Javed Akhtar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Mohammad Taqi
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Che Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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25
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Chen B, Pan R, Askhatova D, Chen P. Effective small interfering RNA delivery in vitro via a new stearylated cationic peptide. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3303-14. [PMID: 25999710 PMCID: PMC4427069 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A crucial bottleneck in RNA interference-based gene therapy is the lack of safe and efficient delivery systems. Here, a novel small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery peptide, STR-HK, was constructed by conjugating a stearyl end to the N-terminus of the peptide sequence HHHPKPKRKV, where PKPKRKV is an altered sequence of the nucleus localization signal (PKKKRKV) and contributes to the cytosol localization of STR-HK–siRNA complexes. Histidine is a linker and plays an important role in disrupting the endosomal membrane via the proton sponge effect. As expected, STR-HK formed complexes with siRNA with a particle size of 80–160 nm in diameter and efficiently delivered Cy3-labeled glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase siRNA into PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. The transfection efficiency of STR-HK at molar ratio of 60/1 was comparable to that of Lipofectamine 2000, one of the most efficient commercially available transfection reagents. Furthermore, the STR-HK–siRNA complexes exhibited minimal cytotoxicity, which was significantly lower than that of Lipofectamine. Taken together, the strategy of conjugating the stearyl moiety with HHHPKPKRKV as a non-viral siRNA delivery system is advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada ; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ran Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada ; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Diana Askhatova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - P Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada ; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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26
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Futami K, Furuichi Y. RECQL1 and WRN DNA repair helicases: potential therapeutic targets and proliferative markers against cancers. Front Genet 2015; 5:441. [PMID: 25620975 PMCID: PMC4288340 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQL1 and WRN helicases in the human RecQ helicase family participate in maintaining genome stability, DNA repair, replication, and recombination pathways in the cell cycle. They are expressed highly in rapidly proliferating cells and tumor cells, suggesting that they have important roles in the replication of a genome. Although mice deficient in these helicases are indistinguishable from wild-type mice, their embryonic fibroblasts are sensitive to DNA damage. In tumor cells, silencing the expression of RECQL1 or WRN helicase by RNA interference induces mitotic catastrophe that eventually kills tumor cells at the mitosis stage of the cell cycle. By contrast, the same gene silencing by cognate small RNA (siRNA) never kills normal cells, although cell growth is slightly delayed. These findings indicate that RECQL1 and WRN helicases are ideal molecular targets for cancer therapy. The molecular mechanisms underlying these events has been studied extensively, which may help development of anticancer drugs free from adverse effects by targeting DNA repair helicases RECQL1 and WRN. As expected, the anticancer activity of conventional genotoxic drugs is significantly augmented by combined treatment with RECQL1- or WRN-siRNAs that prevents DNA repair in cancer cells. In this review, we focus on studies that clarified the mechanisms that lead to the specific killing of cancer cells and introduce efforts to develop anticancer RecQ-siRNA drugs free from adverse effects.
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27
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Mali SB. RNA interference in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:e2-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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miR-205 acts as a tumour radiosensitizer by targeting ZEB1 and Ubc13. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5671. [PMID: 25476932 PMCID: PMC4377070 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells associated with therapy resistance (radioresistance and drug resistance) are likely to give rise to local recurrence and distant metastatic relapse. Recent studies revealed microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition; however, whether specific miRNAs regulate tumor radioresistance and can be exploited as radiosensitizing agents remains unclear. Here we find that miR-205 promotes radiosensitivity and is downregulated in radioresistant subpopulations of breast cancer cells, and that loss of miR-205 is highly associated with poor distant relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients. Notably, therapeutic delivery of miR-205 mimics via nanoliposomes can sensitize the tumor to radiation in a xenograft model. Mechanistically, radiation suppresses miR-205 expression through ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). Moreover, miR-205 inhibits DNA damage repair by targeting ZEB1 and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13. These findings identify miR-205 as a radiosensitizing miRNA and reveal a new therapeutic strategy for radioresistant tumors.
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29
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Haigh O, Depelsenaire AC, Meliga SC, Yukiko SR, McMillan NA, Frazer IH, Kendall MA. CXCL1 gene silencing in skin using liposome-encapsulated siRNA delivered by microprojection array. J Control Release 2014; 194:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Liao ZX, Peng SF, Chiu YL, Hsiao CW, Liu HY, Lim WH, Lu HM, Sung HW. Enhancement of efficiency of chitosan-based complexes for gene transfection with poly(γ-glutamic acid) by augmenting their cellular uptake and intracellular unpackage. J Control Release 2014; 193:304-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Badu SR, Melnik R, Paliy M, Prabhakar S, Sebetci A, Shapiro BA. Modeling of RNA nanotubes using molecular dynamics simulation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2014; 43:555-64. [PMID: 25208764 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-014-0985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we construct novel RNA nanoclusters, RNA nanotubes made of several nanorings up to the size of 20 nm, utilizing the molecular dynamics simulation, and study their structural properties [i.e., the root mean square deviation, the radius of gyration and the radial distribution function (RDF)] in physiological solutions that can be used for drug delivery into the human body. The patterns of energy and temperature variations of the systems are also discussed. Furthermore, we study the concentration of ions around the tube as a function of time at a particular temperature. We have found that when the temperature increases, the number of ions increases within a certain distance of the tube. We report that the number of ions within this distance around the tubes decreases in quenched runs. This indicates that some ions evaporate with decrease in temperature, as has been observed in the case of the nanoring. RDF plots also demonstrate a similar trend with temperature, as was found in the case of RNA nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Badu
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, M2Net Lab, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N3L 3V6, Canada,
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Nanocarrier mediated delivery of siRNA/miRNA in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy: current progress and advances. J Control Release 2014; 194:238-56. [PMID: 25204288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents have certain limitations when it comes to treating cancer, the most important being severe side effects along with multidrug resistance developed against them. Tumor cells exhibit drug resistance due to activation of various cellular level processes viz. activation of drug efflux pumps, anti-apoptotic defense mechanisms, etc. Currently, RNA interference (RNAi) based therapeutic approaches are under vibrant scrutinization to seek cancer cure. Especially small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA), are able to knock down the carcinogenic genes by targeting the mRNA expression, which underlies the uniqueness of this therapeutic approach. Recent research focus in the regime of cancer therapy involves the engagement of targeted delivery of siRNA/miRNA in combinations with other therapeutic agents (such as gene, DNA or chemotherapeutic drug) for targeting permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistant protein 1 (MRP-1), B-cell lymphoma (BCL-2) and other targets that are mainly responsible for resistance in cancer therapy. RNAi-chemotherapeutic drug combinations have also been found to be effective against different molecular targets as well and can increase the sensitization of cancer cells to therapy several folds. However, due to stability issues associated with siRNA/miRNA suitable protective carrier is needed and nanotechnology based approaches have been widely explored to overcome these drawbacks. Furthermore, it has been univocally advocated that the co-delivery of siRNA/miRNA with other chemodrugs significantly enhances their capability to overcome cancer resistance compared to naked counterparts. The objective of this article is to review recent nanocarrier based approaches adopted for the delivery of siRNA/miRNA combinations with other anticancer agents (siRNA/miRNA/pDNA/chemodrugs) to treat cancer.
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Akhtar J, Wang Z, Yu C, Zhang ZP. Effectiveness of local injection of lentivirus-delivered stathmin1 and stathmin1 shRNA in human gastric cancer xenograft mouse. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1685-91. [PMID: 24720379 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We have reported previously that RNA interference targeting stathmin1 (STMN1) gene in human gastric cancer cells inhibits proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Based on these observations, in the present study, the possibility that local injection of lentivirus-delivered stathmin shRNA would induce regression of the established human gastric cancer xenograft in animal model was investigated. METHODS BALB/c nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously into the right armpit with human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901(2 × 10(6) cells in 200 μL phosphate-buffered saline) to develop a xenograft model of human gastric cancer. When tumor reached suitable size, mice were randomly divided into two groups. STMN1 shRNA group (n = 6) were given local injection of lentivirus-delivered STMN1 shRNA, and the non-silencing shRNA group (n = 6) were administered with local injection of lentivirus-delivered non-silencing shRNA. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to verify the knockdown of the gene expression in dissected tumor at mRNA and protein level, respectively. RESULTS Experimental therapy on the nude mice model bearing subcutaneous tumor of SGC-7901 cells showed that local administration of STMN1 shRNA effectively regressed the pre-established tumors. Stathmin shRNA-treated tumors were significantly regressed as compared with that of the tumor injected with non-silencing shRNA (P < 0.05). Tumor weight was significantly decreased in STMN1-treated group as compared with non-silencing shRNA group (P < 0.05). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed downregulation of STMN1 gene expression in STMN1 shRNA group as compared with non-silencing shRNA group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential use of local injection of lentivirus-delivered shRNA for the treatment of early localized human gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Akhtar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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34
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Therapeutic potential of siRNA and DNAzymes in cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9505-21. [PMID: 25149153 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, invasion, and metastasis and possess threat to humans worldwide. The scientific community is facing numerous challenges despite several efforts to cure cancer. Though a number of studies were done earlier, the molecular mechanism of cancer progression is not completely understood. Currently available treatments like surgery resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are not completely effective in curing all the cancers. Recent advances in the antisense technology provide a powerful tool to investigate various cancer pathways and target them. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) could be effective in downregulating the cancer-associated genes, but their in vivo delivery is the main obstacle. DNA enzymes (DNAzymes) have great potential in the treatment of cancer due to high selectivity and significant catalytic efficiency. In this review, we are focusing on antisense molecules such as siRNA and DNAzymes in cancer therapeutics development. This review also describes the challenges and approaches to overcome obstacles involved in using siRNA and DNAzymes in the treatment of cancers.
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Xu W, Jafari M, Yuan F, Pan R, Chen B, Ding Y, Sheinin T, Chu D, Lu S, Yuan Y, Chen P. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic siRNA delivery induced by a tryptophan-rich endosomolytic peptide. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6010-6019. [PMID: 32261853 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
At the forefront of medicine, gene therapy provides an effective way to treat a range of diseases by regulating defective genes at the root of the disease. Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) hold great promise as therapeutic agents in this domain; however, intracellular delivery remains a major obstacle to clinical applications of therapeutic siRNAs. Here we report a peptide designed to mediate siRNA delivery. This peptide, C6M1, is rationally designed to promote the endosomal escape ability of an existing peptide sequence. Formed C6M1-siRNA nanoscale complexes are able to deliver siRNA into cells and induce specific gene knockdown with low toxicity. The increased membrane disruption ability under acidic conditions of the peptide with tryptophan residue substitution may contribute to the enhanced gene silence efficacy. Intratumoral injection of the complexes results in a marked reduction of tumor growth through downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein in mice. In addition, the C6M1-siRNA complex was proven safe at transfection concentration by cytotoxicity assay. These results demonstrate that the C6M1-siRNA complex is a potent system for efficient gene delivery in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Targeted delivery of miRNA therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases: opportunities and challenges. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:351-65. [PMID: 24895056 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been associated with many cardiovascular diseases in animal models, as well as in patients. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on the role of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases and discuss the opportunities, possibilities and challenges of using miRNAs as future therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we focus on the different approaches that can be used to deliver these newly developed miRNA therapeutics to their sites of action. Since siRNAs are structurally homologous with the miRNA therapeutics, important lessons learned from siRNA delivery strategies are discussed that might be applicable to targeted delivery of miRNA therapeutics, thereby reducing costs and potential side effects, and improving efficacy.
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Liu Y, Zhu YH, Mao CQ, Dou S, Shen S, Tan ZB, Wang J. Triple negative breast cancer therapy with CDK1 siRNA delivered by cationic lipid assisted PEG-PLA nanoparticles. J Control Release 2014; 192:114-21. [PMID: 25016158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is no effective clinical therapy yet for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) without particular human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression. In this study, we report a molecularly targeted and synthetic lethality-based siRNA therapy for TNBC treatment, using cationic lipid assisted poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEG-PLA) nanoparticles as the siRNA carrier. It is demonstrated that only in c-Myc overexpressed TNBC cells, while not in normal mammary epithelial cells, delivery of siRNA targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) with the nanoparticle carrier (NPsiCDK1) induces cell viability decreasing and cell apoptosis through RNAi-mediated CDK1 expression inhibition, indicating the synthetic lethality between c-Myc with CDK1 in TNBC cells. Moreover, systemic delivery of NPsiCDK1 is able to suppress tumor growth in mice bearing SUM149 and BT549 xenograft and cause no systemic toxicity or activate the innate immune response, suggesting the therapeutic promise with such nanoparticles carrying siCDK1 for c-Myc overexpressed triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yan-Hua Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Cheng-Qiong Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Shuang Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Song Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zi-Bin Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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Drug delivery nanoparticles in skin cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:895986. [PMID: 25101298 PMCID: PMC4102061 DOI: 10.1155/2014/895986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology involves the engineering of functional systems at nanoscale, thus being attractive for disciplines ranging from materials science to biomedicine. One of the most active research areas of the nanotechnology is nanomedicine, which applies nanotechnology to highly specific medical interventions for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, including cancer disease. Over the past two decades, the rapid developments in nanotechnology have allowed the incorporation of multiple therapeutic, sensing, and targeting agents into nanoparticles, for detection, prevention, and treatment of cancer diseases. Nanoparticles offer many advantages as drug carrier systems since they can improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, modify pharmacokinetics, increase drug half-life by reducing immunogenicity, improve bioavailability, and diminish drug metabolism. They can also enable a tunable release of therapeutic compounds and the simultaneous delivery of two or more drugs for combination therapy. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the use of different types of nanoparticles for systemic and topical drug delivery in the treatment of skin cancer. In particular, the progress in the treatment with nanocarriers of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma has been reported.
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Silencing sexually transmitted infections: topical siRNA-based interventions for the prevention of HIV and HSV. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2014; 2014:125087. [PMID: 24526828 PMCID: PMC3913465 DOI: 10.1155/2014/125087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The global impact of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is significant. The sexual transmission of viruses such as herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) and the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), has been especially difficult to control. To date, no effective vaccines have been developed to prevent the transmission of these STIs. Although antiretroviral drugs have been remarkably successful in treating the symptoms associated with these viral infections, the feasibility of their widespread use for prevention purposes may be more limited. Microbicides might provide an attractive alternative option to reduce their spread. In particular, topically applied small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) have been shown to not only block transmission of viral STIs to mucosal tissues both in vitro and in vivo, but also confer durable knockdown of target gene expression, thereby circumventing the need to apply a microbicide around the time of sexual encounter, when compliance is mostly difficult. Despite numerous clinical trials currently testing the efficacy of siRNA-based therapeutics, they have yet to be approved for use in the treatment of viral STIs. While several obstacles to their successful implementation in the clinic still exist, promising preclinical studies suggest that siRNAs are a viable modality for the future prevention and treatment of HSV and HIV.
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Nazir S, Hussain T, Ayub A, Rashid U, MacRobert AJ. Nanomaterials in combating cancer: Therapeutic applications and developments. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:19-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Park K, Yang JA, Lee MY, Lee H, Hahn SK. Reducible hyaluronic acid-siRNA conjugate for target specific gene silencing. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1201-9. [PMID: 23731084 DOI: 10.1021/bc4001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite wide applications of polymer-drug conjugates, there are only a few polymer-siRNA conjugates like poly(ethylene glycol) conjugated siRNA. In this work, reducible hyaluronic acid (HA)-siRNA conjugate was successfully developed for target specific systemic delivery of siRNA to the liver. The conjugation of siRNA to HA made it possible to form a compact nanocomplex of siRNA with relatively nontoxic linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI). After characterization of HA-siRNA conjugate by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and gel electrophoresis, its complex formation with LPEI was investigated with a particle analyzer. The HA-siRNA/LPEI complex had a mean particle size of ca. 250 nm and a negative or neutral surface charge at physiological condition. The reducible HA-siRNA/LPEI complex showed a higher in vitro gene silencing efficiency than noncleavable HA-siRNA/LPEI complex. Furthermore, after systemic delivery, apolipoprotein B (ApoB) specific HA-siApoB/LPEI complex was target specifically delivered to the liver, which resulted in statistically significant reduction of ApoB mRNA expression in a dose dependent manner. The HA-siRNA conjugate can be effectively applied as a model system to the treatment of liver diseases using various siRNAs and relatively nontoxic polycations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
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Efficient Biodistribution and Gene Silencing in the Lung epithelium via Intravenous Liposomal Delivery of siRNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e96. [PMID: 23736774 PMCID: PMC3696903 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) may provide a therapeutic solution to many pulmonary epithelium diseases. However, the main barrier to the clinical use of RNAi remains the lack of efficient delivery vectors. Research has mainly concentrated on the intranasal route of delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA) effector molecules for the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, this may be complicated in a diseased state due to the increased fluid production and tissue remodeling. Therefore, we investigated our hydration of a freeze-dried matrix (HFDM) formulated liposomes for systemic delivery to the lung epithelium. Here, we show that 45 ± 2% of epithelial murine lung cells receive siRNA delivery upon intravenous (IV) liposomal administration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that liposomal siRNA delivery resulted in targeted gene and protein knockdown throughout the lung, including lung epithelium. Taken together, this is the first description of lung epithelial delivery via cationic liposomes, and provides a proof of concept for the use of IV liposomal RNAi delivery to specifically knockdown targeted genes in the respiratory system. This approach may provide an attractive alternate therapeutic delivery strategy for the treatment of lung epithelium diseases.
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Uchino K, Ochiya T, Takeshita F. RNAi therapeutics and applications of microRNAs in cancer treatment. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:596-607. [PMID: 23592885 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference-based therapies are proving to be powerful tools for combating various diseases, including cancer. Scientists are researching the development of safe and efficient systems for the delivery of small RNA molecules, which are extremely fragile in serum, to target organs and cells in the human body. A dozen pre-clinical and clinical trials have been under way over the past few years involving biodegradable nanoparticles, lipids, chemical modification and conjugation. On the other hand, microRNAs, which control the balance of cellular biological processes, have been studied as attractive therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of RNA interference-based therapeutics in clinical trials and discuss the latest technology for the systemic delivery of nucleic acid drugs. Furthermore, we focus on dysregulated microRNAs in human cancer, which have progressed in pre-clinical trials as therapeutic targets, and describe a wide range of strategies to control the expression levels of endogenous microRNAs. Further development of RNA interference technologies and progression of clinical trials will contribute to the achievement of practical applications of nucleic acid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Uchino
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1, Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Langer C, Rücker FG, Buske C, Döhner H, Kuchenbauer F. Targeted therapies through microRNAs: pulp or fiction? Ther Adv Hematol 2013; 3:97-104. [PMID: 23556116 DOI: 10.1177/2040620711432582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of post-transcriptional silencing, the idea of targeted therapies became an approachable goal. The widespread involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) was thought to be the magic bullet against multiple diseases. However, several hurdles, ranging from targeted delivery to side effects still have to be resolved. In this review, we discuss recent progress on delivery as well as current applications for miRNAs as therapeutic agents.
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45
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Nakagawa SI, Hirata Y, Kameyama T, Tokunaga Y, Nishito Y, Hirabayashi K, Yano J, Ochiya T, Tateno C, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Inoue K, Yoshiba M, Takaoka A, Kohara M. Targeted induction of interferon-λ in humanized chimeric mouse liver abrogates hepatotropic virus infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59611. [PMID: 23555725 PMCID: PMC3610702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The interferon (IFN) system plays a critical role in innate antiviral response. We presume that targeted induction of IFN in human liver shows robust antiviral effects on hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS This study used chimeric mice harboring humanized livers and infected with HCV or HBV. This mouse model permitted simultaneous analysis of immune responses by human and mouse hepatocytes in the same liver and exploration of the mechanism of antiviral effect against these viruses. Targeted expression of IFN was induced by treating the animals with a complex comprising a hepatotropic cationic liposome and a synthetic double-stranded RNA analog, pIC (LIC-pIC). Viral replication, IFN gene expression, IFN protein production, and IFN antiviral activity were analyzed (for type I, II and III IFNs) in the livers and sera of these humanized chimeric mice. RESULTS Following treatment with LIC-pIC, the humanized livers of chimeric mice exhibited increased expression (at the mRNA and protein level) of human IFN-λs, resulting in strong antiviral effect on HBV and HCV. Similar increases were not seen for human IFN-α or IFN-β in these animals. Strong induction of IFN-λs by LIC-pIC occurred only in human hepatocytes, and not in mouse hepatocytes nor in human cell lines derived from other (non-hepatic) tissues. LIC-pIC-induced IFN-λ production was mediated by the immune sensor adaptor molecules mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor molecule-1 (TICAM-1), suggesting dual recognition of LIC-pIC by both sensor adaptor pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that the expression and function of various IFNs differ depending on the animal species and tissues under investigation. Chimeric mice harboring humanized livers demonstrate that IFN-λs play an important role in the defense against human hepatic virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hirata
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kameyama
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuko Tokunaga
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Microarray Analysis, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hirabayashi
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Yano
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Japanese National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, International Medical Center of Japan Konodai Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshiba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Takaoka
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Polymeric delivery of siRNA for dual silencing of Mcl-1 and P-glycoprotein and apoptosis induction in drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:169-77. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short non-coding RNAs, have been studied intensely and extensively in the past decade in every aspect of biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation and death. These findings pointed out the pivotal role of miRNA in posttranscriptional control of gene expression in animals and established miRNAs as therapeutic targets for different pathophysiological processes, including liver disease. Here we have discussed the recent advances made in identifying the miRNAs deregulated in different liver diseases such as obesity, hepatitis, alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as pathophysiological conditions such as developmental abnormality. We have specifically reviewed the role of miRNAs in these diseases and discussed critically potential impacts of these miRNAs as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in liver pathobiology in the clinical setting. Finally, we have highlighted the latest techniques or preclinical and/or clinical trials that are being developed to replenish or inhibit the deregulated miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 420 West 12th Avenue, 606 TMRF Building, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Lavigne C, Slater K, Gajanayaka N, Duguay C, Arnau Peyrotte E, Fortier G, Simard M, Kell AJ, Barnes ML, Thierry AR. Influence of lipoplex surface charge on siRNA delivery: application to thein vitrodownregulation of CXCR4 HIV-1 co-receptor. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:973-85. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.743526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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49
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Xu L, Yeudall WA, Yang H. Dendrimer-Based RNA Interference Delivery for Cancer Therapy. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2013-1135.ch012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Philips Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - W. Andrew Yeudall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Philips Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
- Philips Institute of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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50
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Jiang N, Zhang X, Zheng X, Chen D, Siu K, Wang H, Ichim TE, Quan D, McAlister V, Chen G, Min WP. A novel in vivo siRNA delivery system specifically targeting liver cells for protection of ConA-induced fulminant hepatitis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44138. [PMID: 22970170 PMCID: PMC3435394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fulminant hepatitis progresses to acute liver failure (ALF) when the extent of hepatocyte death exceeds the liver's regenerative capacity. Although small interfering RNA (siRNA) appears promising in animal models of hepatitis, the approach is limited by drawbacks associated with systemic administration of siRNA. The aim of this study is to develop a hepatocyte-specific delivery system of siRNA for treatment of fulminant hepatitis. Methodology/Principal Findings Galactose-conjugated liposome nano-particles (Gal-LipoNP) bearing siRNA was prepared, and the particle size and zeta potential of Gal-LipoNP/siRNA complexes were measured. The distribution, cytotoxicity and gene silence efficiency were studied in vivo in a concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis model. C57BL/6 mice were treated with Gal-LipoNP Fas siRNA by i.v. injection 72 h before ConA challenge, and hepatocyte injury was evaluated using serum alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, as well as liver histopathology and TUNEL-positive hepatocytes. The galactose-ligated liposomes were capable of encapsulating >96% siRNA and exhibited a higher stability than naked siRNA in plasma. Hepatocyte-specific targeting was confirmed by in vivo delivery experiment, in which the majority of Gal-LipoNP-siRNA evaded nuclease digestion and accumulated in the liver as soon as 6 h after administration. In vivo gene silencing was significant in the liver after treatment of Gal-Lipo-siRNA. In the ConA-induced hepatitis model, serum levels of ALT and AST were significantly reduced in mice treated with Gal-lipoNP-siRNA as compared with control mice. Additionally, tissue histopathology and apoptosis showed an overall reduction of injury in the Gal-LipoNP siRNA-treated mice. Conclusions/Significance This study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate reduction of hepatic injury by liver-specific induction of RNA interference using Gal-LipoNP Fas siRNA, highlighting a novel RNAi-based therapeutic potential in many liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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