1
|
Doukas SG, Martinez B, Rosenthal ME, Vageli DP. Controlled ovarian stimulation therapy as a potential risk for the development and progression of renal cell carcinomas: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:140. [PMID: 34094538 PMCID: PMC8165689 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of cancer in the kidney and is mostly asymptomatic. Previous studies have supported the important role of sex hormones in RCC pathophysiology and that targeted hormone receptor therapy, such as estrogen receptor targeting, is a promising treatment strategy. However, to the best of our knowledge, it remains unknown whether hormonal therapy, such as controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization, serves a role in the development and progression of RCC. The present report describes a case of RCC developed after a fertility stimulation therapy and provides a summary of the known literature on the role of hormone receptors in the development and progression of RCC. A 35-year-old woman received fertility stimulation treatment with follitropin alfa 900 units, human chorionic gonadotropic hormone 5,000 units, injectable leuprolide 1 mg/0.2 ml and cetrotide 0.25 mg. The patient presented to the hospital with shortness of breath and weight loss. The patient had no known genetic predisposition or family history of malignancies and no exposure to chemicals. The patient never used tobacco, alcohol or recreational drugs. Imaging revealed a 17x19 mm, heterogeneously enhancing, and partially exophytic mass in the right kidney. After partial nephrectomy, the pathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of clear cell RCC. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that a case of ovarian stimulation therapy was associated with the development of RCC. This case raises concerns about the potential oncogenic effect of controlled ovarian stimulation therapy in RCC promotion, suggesting a need for systematic research to clarify the clinical significance of existing pre-clinical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios G. Doukas
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers/Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Boris Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers/Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Marnie E. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers/Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Dimitra P. Vageli
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Szabó Z, Dezső B, Fodor K, Szegedi K, Flaskó T, Szabó E, Oláh G, Sipos É, Dobos N, Gardi J, Schally AV, Halmos G. Expression of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) and Type-I LHRH Receptor in Transitional Cell Carcinoma Type of Human Bladder Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051253. [PMID: 33652606 PMCID: PMC7956722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most frequently detected cancer in both sexes. Type-I luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor (LHRH-R-I) is expressed not only in the pituitary, but also in several types of cancer disease. There are few data about LHRH-R-I expression in human BC. This study aimed to investigate the expression of LHRH and LHRH-R-I in the transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) type of human BC. RNA was extracted from 24 human bladder tumor specimens and three BC cell lines. RT-PCR was performed to detect mRNA for LHRH and LHRH-R-I. The protein of LHRH-R-I was further studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC), ligand competition assay, and Western Blot. PCR products of LHRH were found in 19 of 24 (79%) specimens and mRNA of LHRH-R-I was detected in 20 of 24 specimens (83%). Positive immunostaining for LHRH-R-I with different expression intensity was found in all samples examined, showing negative correlation with TCC grade. Radioligand binding studies also showed the presence of specific LHRH-R-I and high affinity binding of LHRH analogs. The high incidence of LHRH-R in BC suggests that it could serve as a molecular target for therapy of human BC with cytotoxic LHRH analogs or modern powerful antagonistic analogs of LHRH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Szabó
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (K.F.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (É.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Balázs Dezső
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Center and Section of Dental Microbiology and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Klára Fodor
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (K.F.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (É.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Krisztián Szegedi
- Department of Urology, Clinical Center, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (T.F.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Flaskó
- Department of Urology, Clinical Center, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Erzsébet Szabó
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (K.F.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (É.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Gábor Oláh
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (K.F.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (É.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Éva Sipos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (K.F.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (É.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Nikoletta Dobos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (K.F.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (É.S.); (N.D.)
| | - János Gardi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Andrew V. Schally
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Miami, FL 33101, USA;
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Divisions of Hematology Oncology and Endocrinology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (K.F.); (E.S.); (G.O.); (É.S.); (N.D.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Miami, FL 33101, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0036-52-411-717 (ext. 55292)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chelariu-Raicu A, Nick A, Urban R, Gordinier M, Leuschner C, Bavisotto L, Molin GZD, Whisnant JK, Coleman RL. A multicenter open-label randomized phase II trial of paclitaxel plus EP-100, a novel LHRH receptor-targeted, membrane-disrupting peptide, versus paclitaxel alone for refractory or recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 160:418-426. [PMID: 33243443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized open-label phase II study evaluated the safety and clinical activity of EP-100 plus weekly paclitaxel in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer expressing positive LHRH receptor. METHODS In a limited "run-in" dose escalation phase for EP-100, six patients were treated with ascending dose levels (13 mg/m2, 20 mg/m2, 30 mg/m2). In the randomized phase, patients received weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 intravenously) plus twice weekly EP-100 (30 mg/m2 intravenously; combination arm) or weekly paclitaxel alone (80 mg/m2 intravenously; paclitaxel arm). The primary study endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). RESULTS Forty-four patients were then randomized to either the experimental combination arm (n = 23) or the standard of care paclitaxel monotherapy arm (n = 21). The ORR was 35% (95%CI 16%-57%) for the combination arm and 33% (95% CI 15%-57%) for the paclitaxel arm. An interesting observation from an unplanned analysis was that a subset of patients with target liver lesions showed a greater overall response rate to the combination (69%) compared to paclitaxel alone (16%). The frequency of treatment-related grade 3-4 adverse events was similar between treatment arms: 48% vs 43% for the combination and paclitaxel arms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ORR in the EP-100 combination arm was similar to that in the group treated with paclitaxel alone; however, a subset of patients with liver metastases appeared to benefit from the combination. The addition of EP-100 did not appear to augment the adverse event profile of paclitaxel and was well tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Chelariu-Raicu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alpa Nick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Renata Urban
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Gordinier
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Immunohistochemical expression of receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRHR) in muscle-invasive Urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder: a potential predictive marker for targeted cytotoxic LHRH hybrid analogs. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-020-00072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recurrent disease following failed chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) has no universally accepted treatment guidelines. Receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRHR) have recently been identified in urothelial cancer cell lines as well as tissue samples. These receptors can be used as target for cytotoxic hybrid analogs of LHRH. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of LHRHR expression in muscle invasive UC by immunohistochemistry.
Methods
Fifty-two cases, including TURBTs (31) and cystectomies (21), with at least muscle invasive UC were retrieved. Of 52 patients, 41 (78.8%) were male and 11 (21.1%) were female, with age ranging from 50 to 84 years. Immunohistochemical staining for LHRHR antibody (N-20, Santa Cruz, 1:50) was performed using the LSAB method. Membranous and/or granular cytoplasmic staining was considered as a positive reaction. Scoring was based on the percentage of positive tumor cells; negative (no staining), 1+ (1–25%), 2+ (26–50%), 3+ (51–75%), 4+ (> 75%).
Results
Of 52 UC cases, 32 (61%) were AJCC stage T2, 17 (33%) were T3, and 3 (6%) were T4. Of 52 cases, 30 (58%) were positive and 22 (42%) were negative for LHRHR. Of the 30 positive cases, 16 (53%) were scored 1+, 7 (23%) 2+, 5 (17%) 3+ and 2 (7%) 4 + .
Conclusions
More than half of the cases expressed LHRHR. Two-thirds of cases demonstrated focal (< 50%) immunoreactivity, which may cause false negative results in limited tissue samples. Immunohistochemical expression of LHRHR in UC can be a predictive marker for potential efficacy of LHRH cytotoxic hybrid analogs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim MS, Ma S, Chelariu-Raicu A, Leuschner C, Alila HW, Lee S, Coleman RL, Sood AK. Enhanced Immunotherapy with LHRH-R Targeted Lytic Peptide in Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2396-2406. [PMID: 32943548 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we examined the role of EP-100 [luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) ligand joined to a lytic peptide], improving the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. LHRH-R-positive murine ovarian cancer cells (ID8, IG10, IF5, and 2C12) were sensitive to EP-100 and were specifically killed at low micromolar levels through LHRH-R. EP-100 increased PD-L1 levels on murine ovarian cancer cells. In vivo syngeneic mouse models (ID8 and IG10) demonstrated that single-agent EP-100 reduced tumor volume, tumor weight, and ascites volume. The greatest reductions in tumor and ascites volume were observed with the combination of EP-100 with an anti-PD-L1 antibody. Immune profiling analysis showed that the population of CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages were significantly increased in tumor and ascitic fluid samples treated with anti-PD-L1, EP-100, and the combination. However, monocytic myeloid suppressor cells, B cells, and regulatory T cells were decreased in tumors treated with anti-PD-L1, EP-100, or the combination. In vitro cytokine arrays revealed that EP-100 induced IL1α, IL33, CCL20, VEGF, and Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) secretion. Of these, we validated increasing IL33 levels following EP-100 treatment in vitro and in vivo; we determined the specific biological role of CD8+ T-cell activation with IL33 gene silencing using siRNA and Cas9-CRISPR approaches. In addition, we found that CD8+ T cells expressed very low level of LHRH-R and were not affected by EP-100. Taken together, EP-100 treatment had a substantial antitumor efficacy, particularly in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody. These results warrant further clinical development of this combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Seungwook Kim
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Shaolin Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Reproductive Medicine Research Center, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anca Chelariu-Raicu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of System Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nian D, Shi P, Sun J, Ren L, Hao X, Han J. Application of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-ferrosoferric oxide nanoparticles in targeted imaging of breast tumors. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1749-1757. [PMID: 30880516 PMCID: PMC6460613 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519834457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferrosoferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are a commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reagent. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is highly expressed on the surfaces of tumors, but its expression is low or absent in the corresponding normal tissues, allowing it to be used for targeted imaging and treatment. Methods We prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles using a chemical co-precipitation method, performed coupling with chitosan to prepare LHRH-Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and explored the application value of LHRH-Fe3O4 nanoparticles in targeted imaging and treatment of breast tumors through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results The particle size of the LHRH-Fe3O4 nanoparticles was 10 nm, and they could be taken in by human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The nanomaterial had low cytotoxicity. In vivo MRI experiments showed that LHRH-Fe3O4 could effectively concentrate on the tumor under the action of a magnetic field. It also had a good negative enhancement effect that significantly reduced the signal intensity of the T2 field, allowing it to be used as a contrast agent of the T2 field. Conclusion LHRH-Fe3O4 nanoparticles serve the purpose of targeting contrast agents to target sites and are expected to be used for targeted imaging and treatment of cancers with high LHRH expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Nian
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Peng Shi
- 2 Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Li Ren
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaona Hao
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Junwei Han
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deivaraju C, Temple HT, Block N, Robinson P, Schally AV. LHRH receptor expression in sarcomas of bone and soft tissue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 28:105-111. [PMID: 27639272 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) is a neurohormone, secreted by the hypothalamus, which regulates the secretion of gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary. LHRH acts by binding to receptors located in the pituitary gland. These receptors (LHRH receptors) have also been found in the cytoplasm of many tumor cells that involve both the reproductive and non-reproductive organs. These receptors have been demonstrated in prostate and breast cancers, endometrial carcinomas, renal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoma of liver, pancreas and skin. So far, the expression of LHRH receptors on sarcomas (i.e. malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin) has not been studied, except for endometrial sarcomas. It has also been demonstrated that both LHRH agonists and antagonists can down-regulate these receptors and thus inhibit these tumor cells. Another major therapeutic implication is that these receptors can be targeted specifically by peptides conjugated to anti-cancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine if LHRH receptors are expressed in primary and/or metastatic sarcomas of human origin. METHODS We looked at LHRH receptor expression in 38 consecutive sarcoma specimens, using immunohistochemistry. The specimens were either from office biopsy or from resected tumor; these were confirmed as sarcomas by histopathological examination. The receptor staining characteristics and the staining intensity were also documented. The pattern of staining was classified either as "focal or diffuse staining of the cytoplasm" and the intensity of staining was graded on a scale from 1+ to 4+. RESULTS Positive receptor staining was seen in 25 of the 38 (66%) specimens. Twelve of the specimens stained diffusely and 13 had focally positive staining. Three tumors had 1+ staining, 10 had 2+ staining, six had 3+ staining, and six tumors had 4+ staining. The tumors included undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, myofibroblastic sarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, metastatic chondrosarcoma and chordoma. CONCLUSION Sarcomas express LHRH receptors with a varying incidence and degree. Our study suggests that those sarcomas that are LHRH receptor positive could potentially be treated with targeted chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
CZARNECKA ANNAM, NIEDZWIEDZKA MAGDALENA, PORTA CAMILLO, SZCZYLIK CEZARY. Hormone signaling pathways as treatment targets in renal cell cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2221-35. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
9
|
Mangel L, Bíró K, Battyáni I, Göcze P, Tornóczky T, Kálmán E. A case study on the potential angiogenic effect of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in rapid progression and spontaneous regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy and after surgical abortion. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:1013. [PMID: 26704433 PMCID: PMC4691015 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-2031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment possibilities of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have recently changed dramatically prolonging the overall survival of the patients. This kind of development brings new challenges for the care of mRCC. CASE PRESENTATION A 22 year-old female patient with translocation type mRCC, who previously had been treated for nearly 5 years, became pregnant during the treatment break period. Follow-up examinations revealed a dramatic clinical and radiological progression of mRCC in a few weeks therefore the pregnancy was terminated. A few days after surgical abortion, CT examination showed a significant spontaneous regression of the pulmonary metastases, and the volume of the largest manifestation decreased from ca. 30 to 3.5 cm(3) in a week. To understand the possible mechanism of this spectacular regression, estrogen, progesterone and luteinizing hormone receptors (ER, PGR and LHR, respectively) immuno-histochemistry assays were performed on the original surgery samples. Immuno-histochemistry showed negative ER, PGR and positive LHR status suggesting the possible angiogenic effect of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) in the background. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that pregnancy may play a causal role in the progression of mRCC via the excess amount of hCG, however, more data are necessary to validate the present notions and the predictive role of LHR overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Mangel
- Institute of Oncotherapy, University of Pécs, H-7624, Édesanyák útja 17, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Bíró
- Department of Chemotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Péter Göcze
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | | | - Endre Kálmán
- Institute of Pathology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Narayanan S, Patel PH, Fan A, Srinivas S. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17903-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
11
|
Curtis KK, Sarantopoulos J, Northfelt DW, Weiss GJ, Barnhart KM, Whisnant JK, Leuschner C, Alila H, Borad MJ, Ramanathan RK. Novel LHRH-receptor-targeted cytolytic peptide, EP-100: first-in-human phase I study in patients with advanced LHRH-receptor-expressing solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:931-41. [PMID: 24610297 PMCID: PMC4000412 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To conduct a phase I study determining the safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of EP-100, a novel anticancer drug consisting of natural luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) ligand linked to a cationic membrane-disrupting peptide. Methods Patients with advanced, solid tumors, positive for LHRH receptor by immunohistochemistry (IHC), received EP-100 weekly or twice weekly for 3 of 4 weeks in a 28 day cycle. A modified Fibonacci 3 + 3 dose-escalation schema was used. Initial cohorts received EP-100 once weekly (cohorts 1–7, 0.6–7.8 mg/m2, n = 21). Later cohorts received doses twice weekly (cohorts 7–11, 7.8–40 mg/m2, n = 16). Results LHRH-receptor expression was confirmed by IHC in 52 of 89 consented patients; 37 patients received at least 1 dose. Cohorts receiving doses of 5.2 mg/m2 and above achieved therapeutic levels from in vitro studies Clearance was rapid (mean half-life 7.1 ± 3.8 to 15.9 ± 3.6 min). The maximum-tolerated dose was not reached at the highest dose evaluated (40 mg/m2 twice weekly). Grade 2 increase in alanine aminotransferase/serum aspartate aminotransferase in one patient resolved, did not recur upon re-treatment, and was not observed in other patients. The only drug-related adverse event was transient infusion-related dermatologic reactions (10 patients). No complete or partial tumor responses were observed; seven patients had stable disease of 16 weeks. Conclusions EP-100 was well tolerated in patients with advanced, LHRH-receptor-expressing solid tumors. The recommended phase 2 dose is 40 mg/m2 twice weekly for 3 of 4 weeks per cycle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00280-014-2424-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K Curtis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szepeshazi K, Schally AV, Keller G, Block NL, Benten D, Halmos G, Szalontay L, Vidaurre I, Jaszberenyi M, Rick FG. Receptor-targeted therapy of human experimental urinary bladder cancers with cytotoxic LH-RH analog AN-152 [AEZS- 108]. Oncotarget 2012; 3:686-99. [PMID: 22824624 PMCID: PMC3443252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bladder cancers progress to invasion with poor prognosis; new therapeutic methods are needed. We developed a cytotoxic LH-RH analog, AN-152 (AEZS-108) containing doxorubicin (DOX), for targeted therapy of cancers expressing LHRH receptors. We investigated the expression of LH-RH receptors in clinical bladder cancers and in HT-1376, J82, RT-4 and HT-1197 human bladder cancer lines. The effect of analog, AN-152, on growth of these tumor lines xenografted into nude mice was analyzed. Using molecular and functional assays, we also evaluated the differences between the effects of AN-152, and DOX alone. We demonstrated the expression of LH-RH receptors on 18 clinical bladder cancers by immunohistochemistry and on four human urinary bladder cancer lines HT-1376, J82, RT-4 and HT-1197 by Western blotting and binding assays. AN-152 powerfully inhibited growth of these bladder cancers in nude mice. AN-152 exerted greater effects than DOX and was less toxic. DOX activated strong multidrug resistance mechanisms in RT-4 and HT-1197 cancers, while AN-152 had no or less such effect. PCR assays and in vitro studies revealed differences in the action of AN-152 and DOX on the expression of genes involved in apoptosis. These results suggest that targeted cytotoxic LH-RH analog, AN-152 (AEZS- 108), should be examined for treatment of patients with LH-RH receptor positive invasive bladder cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoly Szepeshazi
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL
- South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL
| | - Andrew V. Schally
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL
- South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Gunhild Keller
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University Clinic, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norman L. Block
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL
- South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Daniel Benten
- Department of Gastroenterology University Clinic, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabor Halmos
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL
- South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Luca Szalontay
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL
- South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL
| | - Irving Vidaurre
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL
- South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL
| | - Miklos Jaszberenyi
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL
- South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Ferenc G. Rick
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Miami, FL
- South Florida VA Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patel PH, Srinivas S. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21858-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Bolignano D, Medici MA, Coppolino G, Sciortino MT, Merlo FM, Campo S, Donato V, Venuti A, Sturiale A, Zaccaria D, Buemi A, Lacquaniti A, Buemi M. Aquaretic inhibits renal cancer proliferation: Role of vasopressin receptor-2 (V2-R). Urol Oncol 2010; 28:642-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Revised: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Tumor targeting with peptides is based on the discovery that receptors for many regulatory peptides are overexpressed in tumor cells, compared with their expression in normal tissues. Consequently, these peptides and their analogues can be used as carriers/targeting moieties for the preparation of diagnostic and therapeutic agents that have increased selectivity and decreased peripheral toxicity. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Here an overview is given of the most relevant gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and somatostatin derivatives, as well as of their applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. For this purpose, recently published data in these areas (mostly articles published from 2000 to 2009) were reviewed. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN In contrast to other regulatory peptides that stimulate the tumor growth, GnRH and somatostatin derivatives have inhibitory effect; therefore, they were used primarily for the preparation of various conjugates to be used in targeted chemotherapy, targeted radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy and cancer diagnosis. Some of these conjugates have already found clinical applications, whereas others are now in preclinical and clinical trials. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Tumor targeting with hormone peptides provides a basis for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Mezo
- Eötvös Loránd University, Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Smith RA, Giorgio TD. Quantitative measurement of multifunctional quantum dot binding to cellular targets using flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2009; 75:465-74. [PMID: 19034921 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals such as quantum dots (QDs) are a potentially powerful resource in the fields of flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. QD size and fluorescence characteristics offer attractive features for use in targeted delivery systems and detection by flow cytometry. While quantitative measurements of a variety of fluorescent molecules are routinely performed, fluorophores for which no calibration standards exist, such as QDs, pose a problem for quantitation in flow cytometry. Our goal was to develop a targeted nanoparticle delivery platform as well as a corresponding method to accurately and quantitatively assess the performance of this system. We synthesized surface-modified QD probes targeted to cellular surface receptors and measured the MFI of the resulting cell-probe conjugates by flow cytometry. MFI was converted to mean equivalent R-PE intensity (MEPE) using standard calibration microspheres. Known concentrations of both R-PE and QD probes were measured by fluorometry to relate R-PE and QD fluorescence. Fluorometry results were then used to translate MEPE measurements to the number of bound QD probes. The targeted probes exhibited superior binding characteristics over unmodified and untargeted particles. This binding interaction was shown to be specific and mediated by the NGR targeting peptide tethered to the QD surface. The calibration method developed to assess this system proved successful at converting raw fluorescence data to quantitative probe binding values. We demonstrate the synthesis and performance of a highly modular nanoparticle system capable of targeted binding and fluorescent imaging. The calibration method implemented to quantify the performance of this system represents a potentially powerful tool to utilize truly quantitative flow cytometry measurements with an array of fluorescent molecules, including QDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gavrilyuk JI, Wuellner U, Salahuddin S, Goswami RK, Sinha SC, Barbas CF. An efficient chemical approach to bispecific antibodies and antibodies of high valency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3716-20. [PMID: 19497743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible chemical programming of monoclonal aldolase antibody (mAb) 38C2 has been accomplished with beta-lactam equipped mono- and bifunctional targeting modules, including a cyclic-RGD peptide linked to either the peptide (D-Lys(6))-LHRH or another cyclic RGD unit and a small-molecule integrin inhibitor SCS-873 conjugated to (D-Lys(6))LHRH. We also prepared monofunctional targeting modules containing either cyclic RGD or (D-Lys(6))-LHRH peptides. Binding of the chemically programmed antibodies to integrin receptors alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) and to the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor were evaluated. The bifunctional and bivalent c-RGD/LHRH and SCS-783/LHRH, the monofunctional and tetravalent c-RGD/c-RGD, and the monofunctional bivalent c-RGD chemically programmed antibodies bound specifically to the isolated integrin receptor proteins as well as to integrins expressed on human melanoma M-21 cells. c-RGD/LHRH, SCS-783/LHRH, and LHRH chemically programmed antibodies bound specifically to the LHRH receptors expressed on human ovarian cancer cells. This approach provides an efficient, versatile, and economically viable route to high-valency therapeutic antibodies that target defined combinations of specific receptors. Additionally, this approach should be applicable to chemically programmed vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia I Gavrilyuk
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Skinner DC, Albertson AJ, Navratil A, Smith A, Mignot M, Talbott H, Scanlan-Blake N. Effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone outside the hypothalamic-pituitary-reproductive axis. J Neuroendocrinol 2009; 21:282-92. [PMID: 19187469 PMCID: PMC2669307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a hypothalamic decapeptide with an undisputed role as a primary regulator of gonadal function. It exerts this regulation by controlling the release of gonadotrophins. However, it is becoming apparent that GnRH may have a variety of other vital roles in normal physiology. A reconsideration of the potential widespread action that this traditional reproductive hormone exerts may lead to the generation of novel therapies and provide insight into seemingly incongruent outcomes from current treatments using GnRH analogues to combat diseases such as prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Skinner
- Neurobiology Program and Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
We analyzed renal cell cancer incidence patterns in the United States and reviewed recent epidemiologic evidence with regard to environmental and host genetic determinants of renal cell cancer risk. Renal cell cancer incidence rates continued to rise among all racial/ethnic groups in the United States, across all age groups, and for all tumor sizes, with the most rapid increases for localized stage disease and small tumors. Recent cohort studies confirmed the association of smoking, excess body weight, and hypertension with an elevated risk of renal cell cancer, and suggested that these factors can be modified to reduce the risk. There is increasing evidence for an inverse association between renal cell cancer risk and physical activity and moderate intake of alcohol. Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene has been positively associated with renal cell cancer risk in several recent studies, but its link with somatic mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau gene has not been confirmed. Studies of genetic polymorphisms in relation to renal cell cancer risk have produced mixed results, but genome-wide association studies with larger sample size and a more comprehensive approach are underway. Few epidemiologic studies have evaluated risk factors by subtypes of renal cell cancer defined by somatic mutations and other tumor markers.
Collapse
|
20
|
Schottelius M, Berger S, Poethko T, Schwaiger M, Wester HJ. Development of Novel68Ga- and18F-Labeled GnRH-I Analogues with High GnRHR-Targeting Efficiency. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1256-68. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margret Schottelius
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Berger
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Thorsten Poethko
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik and Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bi X, Shi X, Baker JR. Synthesis, characterization and stability of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-functionalized poly(amidoamine) dendrimer conjugate. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2008; 19:131-42. [PMID: 18177559 DOI: 10.1163/156856208783227686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer targeting is crucial for cancer detection, therapy and targeted drug delivery. A dendrimer-peptide conjugate has been synthesized based on poly(amidoamine) dendrimer generation 5 (PAMAM G5) as a platform and a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) peptide as a targeting moiety. The synthesized conjugate was fully characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV-Vis spectrometry, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Further stability experiments showed that the synthesized conjugate was stable after 72-h incubation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C. The synthesized conjugate may find applications in biomedical targeting, gene delivery and imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Bi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Charleston Southern University, Charleston, SC 29406, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Florent JC, Monneret C. Doxorubicin Conjugates for Selective Delivery to Tumors. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2007; 283:99-140. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
23
|
Slaton JW. Targeted chemotherapy with cytotoxic bombesin analogue AN-215 can overcome chemoresistance in experimental renal cell carcinomas. Urol Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|