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Xie YJ, Huang M, Li D, Hou JC, Liang HH, Nasim AA, Huang JM, Xie C, Leung ELH, Fan XX. Bacteria-based nanodrug for anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106282. [PMID: 35662630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria-based immunotherapy has become a promising strategy to induce innate and adaptive responses for fighting cancer. The advantages of bacteriolytic tumor therapy mainly lie in stimulation of innate immunity and colonization of some bacteria targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME). These bacteria have cytotoxic proteins and immune modulating factors that can effectively restrain tumor growth. However, cancer is a multifactorial disease and single therapy is typically unable to eradicate tumors. Rapid progress has been made in combining bacteria with nanotechnology. Using the nanomolecular properties of bacterial products for tumor treatment preserves many features from the original bacteria while providing some unique advantages. Nano-bacterial therapy can enhance permeability and retention of drugs, increase the tolerability of the targeted drugs, promote the release of immune cell mediators, and induce immunogenic cell death pathways. In addition, combining nano-bacterial mediated antitumor therapeutic systems with modern therapy is an effective strategy for overcoming existing barriers in antitumor treatment and can achieve satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Overall, exploring the immune antitumor characteristics of adjuvant clinical treatment with bacteria can provide potential efficacious treatment strategies for combatting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jia Xie
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Min Huang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Dan Li
- Beijing Wante'er Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 32 Yard, East 2nd Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cai Hou
- Beijing Wante'er Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 32 Yard, East 2nd Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ali Adnan Nasim
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ju-Min Huang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun Xie
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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2
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Kon E, Benhar I. Immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations: Current efforts and important aspects for success. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 45:13-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chandramohan V, Bao X, Yu X, Parker S, McDowall C, Yu YR, Healy P, Desjardins A, Gunn MD, Gromeier M, Nair SK, Pastan IH, Bigner DD. Improved efficacy against malignant brain tumors with EGFRwt/EGFRvIII targeting immunotoxin and checkpoint inhibitor combinations. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:142. [PMID: 31142380 PMCID: PMC6542114 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND D2C7-IT is a novel immunotoxin (IT) targeting wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRwt) and mutant EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) proteins in glioblastoma. In addition to inherent tumoricidal activity, immunotoxins induce secondary immune responses through the activation of T cells. However, glioblastoma-induced immune suppression is a major obstacle to an effective and durable immunotoxin-mediated antitumor response. We hypothesized that D2C7-IT-induced immune response could be effectively augmented in combination with αCTLA-4/αPD-1/αPD-L1 therapies in murine models of glioma. METHODS To study this, we overexpressed the D2C7-IT antigen, murine EGFRvIII (dmEGFRvIII), in established glioma lines, CT-2A and SMA560. The reactivity and therapeutic efficacy of D2C7-IT against CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII and SMA560-dmEGFRvIII cells was determined by flow cytometry and in vitro cytotoxicity assays, respectively. Antitumor efficacy of D2C7-IT was examined in immunocompetent, intracranial murine glioma models and the role of T cells was assessed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell depletion. In vivo efficacy of D2C7-IT/αCTLA-4/αPD-1 monotherapy or D2C7-IT+αCTLA-4/αPD-1 combination therapy was evaluated in subcutaneous unilateral and bilateral CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII glioma-bearing immunocompetent mice. Further, antitumor efficacy of D2C7-IT+αCTLA-4/αPD-1/αPD-L1/αTim-3/αLag-3/αCD73 combination therapy was evaluated in intracranial CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII and SMA560-dmEGFRvIII glioma-bearing mice. Pairwise differences in survival curves were assessed using the generalized Wilcoxon test. RESULTS D2C7-IT effectively killed CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII (IC50 = 0.47 ng/mL) and SMA560-dmEGFRvIII (IC50 = 1.05 ng/mL) cells in vitro. Treatment of intracranial CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII and SMA560-dmEGFRvIII tumors with D2C7-IT prolonged survival (P = 0.0188 and P = 0.0057, respectively), which was significantly reduced by the depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. To augment antitumor immune responses, we combined D2C7-IT with αCTLA-4/αPD-1 in an in vivo subcutaneous CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII model. Tumor-bearing mice exhibited complete tumor regressions (4/10 in D2C7-IT+αCTLA-4 and 5/10 in D2C7-IT+αPD-1 treatment groups), and combination therapy-induced systemic antitumor response was effective against both dmEGFRvIII-positive and dmEGFRvIII-negative CT-2A tumors. In a subcutaneous bilateral CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII model, D2C7-IT+αCTLA-4/αPD-1 combination therapies showed dramatic regression of the treated tumors and measurable regression of untreated tumors. Notably, in CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII and SMA560-dmEGFRvIII intracranial glioma models, D2C7-IT+αPD-1/αPD-L1 combinations improved survival, and in selected cases generated cures and protection against tumor re-challenge. CONCLUSIONS These data support the development of D2C7-IT and immune checkpoint blockade combinations for patients with malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyalakshmi Chandramohan
- Department of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Medical Sciences Research Building, Rm 181c, Box 3156, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Xuhui Bao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Medical Sciences Research Building, Rm 181c, Box 3156, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Scott Parker
- Department of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Medical Sciences Research Building, Rm 181c, Box 3156, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Charlotte McDowall
- Department of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Medical Sciences Research Building, Rm 181c, Box 3156, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yen-Rei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Patrick Healy
- Duke Cancer Institute Biostatistics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Annick Desjardins
- Department of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Medical Sciences Research Building, Rm 181c, Box 3156, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael D Gunn
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Matthias Gromeier
- Department of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Medical Sciences Research Building, Rm 181c, Box 3156, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Smita K Nair
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ira H Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Darell D Bigner
- Department of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Medical Sciences Research Building, Rm 181c, Box 3156, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Leshem Y, Pastan I. Pseudomonas Exotoxin Immunotoxins and Anti-Tumor Immunity: From Observations at the Patient's Bedside to Evaluation in Preclinical Models. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11010020. [PMID: 30621280 PMCID: PMC6356957 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxins are protein drugs composed of a targeting domain genetically fused to a protein toxin. One killing domain being explored is a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE). PE based immunotoxins are designed to kill cells directly by inhibiting their ability to synthesize proteins. However, observations from clinical trials suggest that this alone cannot explain their anti-tumor activity. Here we discuss patterns of clinical responses suggesting that PE immunotoxins can provoke anti-tumor immunity, and review murine models that further support this ability. In addition, we describe our preclinical effort to develop a combination therapy of local PE immunotoxins with a systemic anti-CTLA-4 immune check point blocking antibody. The combination eradicated murine tumors and prolonged the survival of mice. Clinical trials that test the ability of immunotoxins to augment immunotherapy have been recently opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Leshem
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA.
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SS1P Immunotoxin Induces Markers of Immunogenic Cell Death and Enhances the Effect of the CTLA-4 Blockade in AE17M Mouse Mesothelioma Tumors. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110470. [PMID: 30441807 PMCID: PMC6265743 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SS1P is an anti-mesothelin immunotoxin composed of a targeting antibody fragment genetically fused to a truncated fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. Delayed responses reported in mesothelioma patients receiving SS1P suggest that anti-tumor immunity is induced. The goal of this study is to evaluate if SS1P therapy renders mesothelioma tumors more sensitive to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) immune checkpoint blockade. We evaluated the ability of SS1P to induce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion and calreticulin expression on the surface of AE17M mouse mesothelioma cells. Both properties are associated with immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, we treated these tumors with intra-tumoral SS1P and systemic CTLA-4. We found that SS1P increased the release of ATP from AE17M cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. In addition, SS1P induced calreticulin expression on the surface of AE17M cells. These results suggest that SS1P promotes immunogenic cell death and could sensitize tumors to anti-CTLA-4 based therapy. In mouse studies, we found that the combination of anti-CTLA-4 with intra-tumoral SS1P induced complete regressions in most mice and provided a statistically significant survival benefit compared to monotherapy. The surviving mice were protected from tumor re-challenge, indicating the development of anti-tumor immunity. These findings support the use of intra-tumoral SS1P in combination with anti-CTLA-4.
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May RD, Fung M. Strategies targeting the IL-4/IL-13 axes in disease. Cytokine 2016; 75:89-116. [PMID: 26255210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-4 and IL-13 are pleiotropic Th2 cytokines produced by a wide variety of different cell types and responsible for a broad range of biology and functions. Physiologically, Th2 cytokines are known to mediate host defense against parasites but they can also trigger disease if their activities are dysregulated. In this review we discuss the rationale for targeting the IL-4/IL-13 axes in asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, COPD, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disease and fibrotic disease as well as evaluating the associated clinical data derived from blocking IL-4, IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13 together.
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Nand KN, Gupta JC, Panda A, Jain S. Development of a recombinant hCG-specific single chain immunotoxin cytotoxic to hCG expressing cancer cells. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 106:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Cimini A, Mei S, Benedetti E, Laurenti G, Koutris I, Cinque B, Cifone MG, Galzio R, Pitari G, Di Leandro L, Giansanti F, Lombardi A, Fabbrini MS, Ippoliti R. Distinct cellular responses induced by saporin and a transferrin-saporin conjugate in two different human glioblastoma cell lines. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:939-51. [PMID: 21503892 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumour in adults, with a median survival of ~12-18 months post-diagnosis. GBM usually recurs within 12 months post-resection, with poor prognosis. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies to target and kill GBM cells are urgently needed. The marked difference of tumour cells with respect to normal brain cells renders glioblastoma a good candidate for selective targeted therapies. Recent experimental strategies focus on over expressed cell surface receptors. Targeted toxins represent a new class of selective molecules composed by a potent protein toxin and a carrier ligand. Targeted toxins approaches against glioblastoma were under investigation in phase I and II clinical trials with several immunotoxins (IT)/ligand toxins such as IL4-Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (IL4-PE, NBI-3001), tumour growth factor fused to PE38, a shorter PE variant, (TGF)alpha-TP-38, IL13-PE38, and a transferrin-C diphtheriae toxin mutant (Tf-CRM107). In this work, we studied the effects of the plant ribosome-inactivating saporin and of its chimera transferrin-saporin against two different GBM cell lines. The data obtained here indicate that cell proliferation is affected by the toxin treatments but that different mechanisms are used, directly linked to the presence of an active or inactive p53. A model is proposed for these alternative intracellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cimini
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Brown CE, Starr R, Aguilar B, Shami AF, Martinez C, D'Apuzzo M, Barish ME, Forman SJ, Jensen MC. Stem-like tumor-initiating cells isolated from IL13Rα2 expressing gliomas are targeted and killed by IL13-zetakine-redirected T Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2199-209. [PMID: 22407828 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate IL13Rα2 as an immunotherapeutic target for eliminating glioma stem-like cancer initiating cells (GSC) of high-grade gliomas, with particular focus on the potential of genetically engineered IL13Rα2-specific primary human CD8(+) CTLs (IL13-zetakine(+) CTL) to target this therapeutically resistant glioma subpopulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A panel of low-passage GSC tumor sphere (TS) and serum-differentiated glioma lines were expanded from patient glioblastoma specimens. These glioblastoma lines were evaluated for expression of IL13Rα2 and for susceptibility to IL13-zetakine(+) CTL-mediated killing in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We observed that although glioma IL13Rα2 expression varies between patients, for IL13Rα2(pos) cases this antigen was detected on both GSCs and more differentiated tumor cell populations. IL13-zetakine(+) CTL were capable of efficient recognition and killing of both IL13Rα2(pos) GSCs and IL13Rα2(pos) differentiated cells in vitro, as well as eliminating glioma-initiating activity in an orthotopic mouse tumor model. Furthermore, intracranial administration of IL13-zetakine(+) CTL displayed robust antitumor activity against established IL13Rα2(pos) GSC TS-initiated orthotopic tumors in mice. CONCLUSIONS Within IL13Rα2 expressing high-grade gliomas, this receptor is expressed by GSCs and differentiated tumor populations, rendering both targetable by IL13-zetakine(+) CTLs. Thus, our results support the potential usefullness of IL13Rα2-directed immunotherapeutic approaches for eradicating therapeutically resistant GSC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Brown
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy & Tumor Immunology and Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Pathology, and Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.
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Nakashima H, Terabe M, Berzofsky JA, Husain SR, Puri RK. A novel combination immunotherapy for cancer by IL-13Rα2-targeted DNA vaccine and immunotoxin in murine tumor models. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:4935-46. [PMID: 22013118 PMCID: PMC3730529 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Optimum efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines may require combinations that generate effective antitumor immune responses, as well as overcome immune evasion and tolerance mechanisms mediated by progressing tumor. Previous studies showed that IL-13Rα2, a unique tumor-associated Ag, is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. A targeted cytotoxin composed of IL-13 and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin induced specific killing of IL-13Rα2(+) tumor cells. When combined with IL-13Rα2 DNA cancer vaccine, surprisingly, it mediated synergistic antitumor effects on tumor growth and metastasis in established murine breast carcinoma and sarcoma tumor models. The mechanism of synergistic activity involved direct killing of tumor cells and cell-mediated immune responses, as well as elimination of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and, consequently, regulatory T cells. These novel results provide a strong rationale for combining immunotoxins with cancer vaccines for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer.
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MESH Headings
- ADP Ribose Transferases/genetics
- ADP Ribose Transferases/immunology
- ADP Ribose Transferases/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/immunology
- Bacterial Toxins/therapeutic use
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Exotoxins/genetics
- Exotoxins/immunology
- Exotoxins/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Targeting/methods
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit/therapeutic use
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Sarcoma, Experimental/genetics
- Sarcoma, Experimental/immunology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/therapy
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/therapeutic use
- Virulence Factors/genetics
- Virulence Factors/immunology
- Virulence Factors/therapeutic use
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakashima
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Syed R. Husain
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Raj K. Puri
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Fujisawa T, Joshi BH, Puri RK. IL-13 regulates cancer invasion and metastasis through IL-13Rα2 via ERK/AP-1 pathway in mouse model of human ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:344-56. [PMID: 21858811 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that a variety of human cancers including the ovarian cancer express IL-13Rα2, a high affinity receptor for IL-13. Herein, we have examined if IL-13 regulates invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer through IL-13Rα2 in vitro and in vivo in animal models of human ovarian cancer. We tested cell invasion and protease activity in IL-13Rα2-overexpressing and IL-13Rα2-negative ovarian tumor cell lines. IL-13 treatment significantly augmented both cell invasion and enzyme activities in only IL-13Rα2-positive cells but not in IL-13Rα2-negative cells in vitro. Mechanistically, IL-13 enhanced ERK1/2, AP-1 and MMP activities only in IL-13Rα2-positive cells but not in IL-13Rα2-negative cells. In contrast, other signaling pathways such as IRS1/2, PI3K and AKT do not seem to be involved in IL-13 induced signaling in ovarian cancer cell lines. Highly specific inhibitors for MMP and AP-1 efficiently inhibited both invasion and protease activities without impacting the basal level invasion and protease activities in vitro. In orthotopic animal model of human ovarian cancer, IL-13Rα2-positive tumors metastasized to lymph nodes and peritoneum earlier than IL-13Rα2-negative tumors. Interestingly, the IL-13Rα2-positive tumor bearing mice died earlier than mice with IL-13Rα2-negative tumor. Intraperitoneal injection of IL-13 further shortened survival of IL-13Rα2-positive tumor bearing mice compared to IL-13Rα2-negative tumor mice. IL-13Rα2-positive tumors and lymph node metastasis expressed higher levels of MMPs and higher ERK1/2 activation compared to IL-13Rα2-negative tumors. Taken together, IL-13Rα2 is involved in cancer metastasis through activation of ERK/AP-1 and that targeting IL-13Rα2 might not only directly kill primary tumors but also prevent cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fujisawa
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Fillmore HL, Shultz MD, Henderson SC, Cooper P, Broaddus WC, Chen ZJ, Shu CY, Zhang J, Ge J, Dorn HC, Corwin F, Hirsch JI, Wilson J, Fatouros PP. Conjugation of functionalized gadolinium metallofullerenes with IL-13 peptides for targeting and imaging glial tumors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:449-58. [PMID: 21542684 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor in humans, with median survival of approximately 1 year. Owing to the ability of glioma cells to aggressively infiltrate normal brain tissue and survive exposure to current adjuvant therapies, there is a great need for specific targeted nanoplatforms capable of delivering both therapeutic and imaging agents directly to invasive tumor cells. Method: Gadolinium-containing endohedral fullerenes, highly efficient contrast agents for MRI, were functionalized and conjugated with a tumor-specific peptide and assessed for their ability to bind to glioma cells in vitro. Results: We report the successful conjugation of the carboxyl functionalized metallofullerene Gd3N@C80(OH)-26(CH2CH2COOH)-16 to IL-13 peptides and the successful targeting ability towards brain tumor cells that overexpress the IL-13 receptor (IL-13Rα2). Conclusion: These studies demonstrate that IL-13 peptide-conjugated gadolinium metallofullerenes could serve as a platform to deliver imaging and therapeutic agents to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott C Henderson
- Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patricia Cooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; 4111 Monarch Way, Suite 203, Office of Research, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - William C Broaddus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; 4111 Monarch Way, Suite 203, Office of Research, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Zhi Jian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; 4111 Monarch Way, Suite 203, Office of Research, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Chun-Ying Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jiechao Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Frank Corwin
- Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jerry I Hirsch
- Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John Wilson
- Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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13
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Joshi BH, Puri RK. IL-13 receptor-alpha2: a novel target for cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 2011; 1:321-7. [PMID: 20635949 DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Horibe T, Kohno M, Haramoto M, Ohara K, Kawakami K. Designed hybrid TPR peptide targeting Hsp90 as a novel anticancer agent. J Transl Med 2011; 9:8. [PMID: 21235734 PMCID: PMC3032679 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite an ever-improving understanding of the molecular biology of cancer, the treatment of most cancers has not changed dramatically in the past three decades and drugs that do not discriminate between tumor cells and normal tissues remain the mainstays of anticancer therapy. Since Hsp90 is typically involved in cell proliferation and survival, this is thought to play a key role in cancer, and Hsp90 has attracted considerable interest in recent years as a potential therapeutic target. Methods We focused on the interaction of Hsp90 with its cofactor protein p60/Hop, and engineered a cell-permeable peptidomimetic, termed "hybrid Antp-TPR peptide", modeled on the binding interface between the molecular chaperone Hsp90 and the TPR2A domain of Hop. Results It was demonstrated that this designed hybrid Antp-TPR peptide inhibited the interaction of Hsp90 with the TPR2A domain, inducing cell death of breast, pancreatic, renal, lung, prostate, and gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. In contrast, Antp-TPR peptide did not affect the viability of normal cells. Moreover, analysis in vivo revealed that Antp-TPR peptide displayed a significant antitumor activity in a xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer in mice. Conclusion These results indicate that Antp-TPR peptide would provide a potent and selective anticancer therapy to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Horibe
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Shimamura T, Fujisawa T, Husain SR, Joshi B, Puri RK. Interleukin 13 mediates signal transduction through interleukin 13 receptor alpha2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: role of IL-13 Pseudomonas exotoxin in pancreatic cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:577-86. [PMID: 20068108 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2) is a tumor antigen that is overexpressed in certain human tumors. However, its significance and expression in pancreatic cancer is not known. It is also not known whether IL-13 can signal through IL-13Ralpha2 in cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of IL-13Ralpha2 was assessed in pancreatic cancer samples by immunohistochemistry and in cell lines by flow cytometry and reverse transcription-PCR. The role of IL-13Ralpha2 was examined by IL-13-induced signaling in pancreatic cancer cell lines. IL-13Ralpha2-positive tumors were targeted by IL-13PE cytotoxin in vitro and in vivo in an orthotopic murine model of human pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Of the pancreatic tumor samples 71% overexpressed moderate to high-density IL-13Ralpha2 chain compared with normal pancreatic samples. IL-13 induced transforming growth factor-beta1 promoter activity in IL-13Ralpha2-positive tumor cells and in cells engineered to express IL-13Ralpha2 but not in IL-13Ralpha2-negative or RNA interference knockdown cells. c-Jun and c-Fos of the AP-1 family of nuclear factors were activated by IL-13 only in IL-13Ralpha2-positive cells. In the orthotopic mouse model, IL13-PE significantly decreased tumor growth when assessed by whole-body imaging and prolonged the mean survival time. Similar results were observed in mice xenografted with a surgically resected human pancreatic tumor sample. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that IL-13Ralpha2 is a functional receptor as IL-13 mediates signaling in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. IL-13 causes transforming growth factor-beta activation via AP-1 pathway, which may cause tumor induced immunosuppression in the host. In addition, IL13-PE cytotoxin may be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shimamura
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Madhankumar AB, Slagle-Webb B, Wang X, Yang QX, Antonetti DA, Miller PA, Sheehan JM, Connor JR. Efficacy of interleukin-13 receptor-targeted liposomal doxorubicin in the intracranial brain tumor model. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:648-54. [PMID: 19276162 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human glioblastoma tumors selectively express receptors for interleukin 13 (IL-13). In a previous study, we showed that liposomes, when conjugated with IL-13, will deliver chemotherapeutics to a subcutaneous glioma tumor model in mice much more effectively than conventional unconjugated liposomes. Based on this observation, we developed an intracranial brain tumor model in nude mice using human U87 glioma cells. Mice receiving weekly i.p. injections of 15 mg/kg of doxorubicin encapsulated in IL-13-conjugated liposomes had a 5-fold reduction in the intracranial tumor volume over 6 weeks and four of seven animals survived >200 days after tumor implantation. In contrast, the animals receiving unconjugated liposomes with the same doxorubicin concentration did not survive beyond 35 days and there was no evidence of tumor size reduction. The presence of liposomes with doxorubicin in the tumor was shown by taking advantage of the selective expression of IL-13 receptors on the tumor cells and the endogenous fluorescence of doxorubicin. There was no increase in the indices of toxicity in animals receiving the doxorubicin-containing liposomes. Finally, a model of the blood-brain barrier was used to show that the nanovesicles do not harm the endothelial cells yet maintain their toxicity to astrocytoma cells. This approach is necessary to show the efficacy of this targeting platform for tumors in which the blood-brain barrier is not compromised and as a potential use of the nanovesicle system as a surveillance mechanism to prevent recurrence. These data show that IL-13 targeted nanovesicles are a viable option for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achuthamangalam B Madhankumar
- Department of Neurosurgery (H110), G.M. Leader Family Laboratory, Penn State University, College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
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Vogelbaum MA, Sampson JH, Kunwar S, Chang SM, Shaffrey M, Asher AL, Lang FF, Croteau D, Parker K, Grahn AY, Sherman JW, Husain SR, Puri RK. CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF CINTREDEKIN BESUDOTOX (INTERLEUKIN-13-PE38QQR) FOLLOWED BY RADIATION THERAPY WITH AND WITHOUT TEMOZOLOMIDE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED MALIGNANT GLIOMAS. Neurosurgery 2007; 61:1031-7; discussion 1037-8. [DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000303199.77370.9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Cintredekin besudotox (CB), a recombinant cytotoxin consisting of interleukin-13 and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin, binds selectively to interleukin-13Rα2 receptors overexpressed by malignant gliomas. This study assessed the safety of CB administered by convection-enhanced delivery followed by standard external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with or without temozolomide (Temodar; Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ) in patients with newly diagnosed malignant gliomas.
METHODS
After gross total resection of the tumor, two to four intraparenchymal catheters were stereotactically placed and CB (0.25 or 0.5 μg/mL) was infused for 96 hours. This was followed, 10 to 14 days later, by EBRT (5940–6100 cGy, 5 d/wk for 6–7 wk) with or without temozolomide (75 mg/m2/d, 7 d/wk during EBRT). Safety was assessed during an 11-week observation period after catheter placement
RESULTS
Twenty-two patients (12 men, 10 women; median age, 55 yr; 21 with glioblastoma multiforme and one with an anaplastic mixed oligoastrocytoma) were enrolled. None of the patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities in the first two cohorts (0.25 μg/mL CB + EBRT [n = 3] and 0.25 μg/mL CB + EBRT + temozolomide [n = 3]). One patient experienced a dose-limiting toxicity (Grade 4 seizure) in the third cohort (0.5 μg/mL CB + EBRT [n = 6]). Six patients in the final cohort (0.5 μg/mL CB + EBRT + temozolomide [n = 10]) completed treatment, and one patient experienced a dose-limiting toxicity (Grade 3 aphasia and confusion). Four patients were not considered evaluable for a dose decision and were replaced. CB related adverse events occurring in more than one patient were fatigue, gait disturbance, nystagmus, and confusion. No Grade 3 to 4 hematological toxicities were observed.
CONCLUSION
CB (0.5 μg/mL) administered via convection-enhanced delivery before standard radiochemotherapy seems to be well tolerated in adults with newly diagnosed malignant gliomas. Further clinical study assessment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Vogelbaum
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John H. Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandeep Kunwar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Susan M. Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Shaffrey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anthony L. Asher
- Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Frederick F. Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Rafat Husain
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Raj K. Puri
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland
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