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Clusters of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts, CASMERs: membrane platforms for protein assembly in Fas/CD95 signaling and targets in cancer therapy. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1105-1118. [PMID: 35587168 PMCID: PMC9246327 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells show the ability to commit suicide through the activation of death receptors at the cell surface. Death receptors, among which Fas/CD95 is one of their most representative members, lack enzymatic activity, and depend on protein-protein interactions to signal apoptosis. Fas/CD95 death receptor-mediated apoptosis requires the formation of the so-called death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), bringing together Fas/CD95, Fas-associated death domain-containing protein and procaspase-8. In the last two decades, cholesterol-rich lipid raft platforms have emerged as scaffolds where Fas/CD95 can be recruited and clustered. The co-clustering of Fas/CD95 and rafts facilitates DISC formation, bringing procaspase-8 molecules to be bunched together in a limited membrane region, and leading to their autoproteolytic activation by oligomerization. Lipid raft platforms serve as a specific region for the clustering of Fas/CD95 and DISC, as well as for the recruitment of additional downstream signaling molecules, thus forming the so-called cluster of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts, or CASMER. These raft/CASMER structures float in the membrane like icebergs, in which the larger portion lies inside the cell and communicates with other subcellular structures to facilitate apoptotic signal transmission. This allows an efficient spatiotemporal compartmentalization of apoptosis signaling machinery during the triggering of cell death. This concept of proapoptotic raft platforms as a basic chemical-biological structure in the regulation of cell death has wide-ranging implications in human biology and disease, as well as in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss how these raft-centered proapoptotic hubs operate as a major linchpin for apoptosis signaling and as a promising target in cancer therapy.
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Gong B, Zhang J, Hua Z, Liu Z, Thiele CJ, Li Z. Downregulation of ATXN3 Enhances the Sensitivity to AKT Inhibitors (Perifosine or MK-2206), but Decreases the Sensitivity to Chemotherapeutic Drugs (Etoposide or Cisplatin) in Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:686898. [PMID: 34322387 PMCID: PMC8311598 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy resistance is the major cause of failure in neuroblastoma (NB) treatment. ATXN3 has been linked to various types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its roles in NB have not been established. The aim of our study was to explore the role of ATXN3 in the cell death induced by AKT inhibitor (perifosine or MK-2206) or chemotherapy drugs (etoposide or cisplatin) in NB cells. Methods The expressions of ATXN3 and BCL-2 family members were detected by Western blot. Cell survival was evaluated by CCK8, cell confluence was measured by IncuCyte, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. AS and BE2 were treated with AKT inhibitors or chemotherapeutics, respectively. Results Downregulation of ATXN3 did not block, but significantly increased the perifosine/MK-2206-induced cell death. Among the BCL-2 family members, the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BIM and anti-proapoptotic protein Bcl-xl expression increased significantly when ATXN3 was down-regulated. Downregulation of BIM protected NB cells from the combination of perifosine/MK-2206 and ATXN3 downregulation. Downregulation of ATXN3 did not increase, but decrease the sensitivity of NB cells to etoposide/cisplatin, and knockdown of Bcl-xl attenuated this decrease in sensitivity. Conclusion Downregulation of ATXN3 enhanced AKT inhibitors (perifosine or MK-2206) induced cell death by BIM, but decreased the cell death induced by chemotherapeutic drugs (etoposide or cisplatin) via Bcl-xl. The expression of ATXN3 may be an indicator in selecting different treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Richardson PG, Nagler A, Ben‐Yehuda D, Badros A, Hari PN, Hajek R, Spicka I, Kaya H, LeBlanc R, Yoon S, Kim K, Martinez‐Lopez J, Mittelman M, Shpilberg O, Blake P, Hideshima T, Colson K, Laubach JP, Ghobrial IM, Leiba M, Gatt ME, Sportelli P, Chen M, Anderson KC. Randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of perifosine combined with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma previously treated with bortezomib. EJHAEM 2020; 1:94-102. [PMID: 35847734 PMCID: PMC9175725 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Perifosine, an investigational, oral, synthetic alkylphospholipid, inhibits signal transduction pathways of relevance in multiple myeloma (MM) including PI3K/Akt. Perifosine demonstrated anti-MM activity in preclinical studies and encouraging early-phase clinical activity in combination with bortezomib. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study was conducted to evaluate addition of perifosine to bortezomib-dexamethasone in MM patients with one to four prior therapies who had relapsed following previous bortezomib-based therapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The study was discontinued at planned interim analysis, with 135 patients enrolled. Median PFS was 22.7 weeks (95% confidence interval 16·0-45·4) in the perifosine arm and 39.0 weeks (18.3-50.1) in the placebo arm (hazard ratio 1.269 [0.817-1.969]; P = .287); overall response rates were 20% and 27%, respectively. Conversely, median overall survival (OS) was 141.9 weeks and 83.3 weeks (hazard ratio 0.734 [0.380-1.419]; P = .356). Overall, 61% and 55% of patients in the perifosine and placebo arms reported grade 3/4 adverse events, including thrombocytopenia (26% vs 14%), anemia (7% vs 8%), hyponatremia (6% vs 8%), and pneumonia (9% vs 3%). These findings demonstrate no PFS benefit from the addition of perifosine to bortezomib-dexamethasone in this study of relapsed/refractory MM, but comparable safety and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Richardson
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma ResearchDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Ashraf Badros
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Parameswaran N. Hari
- Department of Hematology/OncologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of HematooncologyUniversity Hospital, Ostrava, and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Ivan Spicka
- First Department of Medicine, Department of HematologyFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General Hospital in PraguePragueCzech Republic
| | - Hakan Kaya
- Cancer Care NorthwestSpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Richard LeBlanc
- CIUSSS de l'est de l’île de MontréalUniversity of MontrealMontrealCanada
| | - Sung‐Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | | | | | - Ofer Shpilberg
- Institute of HematologyAssuta Medical CentersTel Aviv and Ariel UniversityArielIsrael
| | | | - Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma ResearchDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathleen Colson
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma ResearchDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jacob P. Laubach
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma ResearchDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma ResearchDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Merav Leiba
- Assuta Ashdod University HospitalFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShebaIsrael
| | | | | | | | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma ResearchDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Gu X, Hua Z, Dong Y, Zhan Y, Zhang X, Tian W, Liu Z, Thiele CJ, Li Z. Proteome and Acetylome Analysis Identifies Novel Pathways and Targets Regulated by Perifosine in Neuroblastoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42062. [PMID: 28165023 PMCID: PMC5292702 DOI: 10.1038/srep42062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perifosine, an Akt inhibitor, has been shown to be effective in controlling neuroblastoma tumor growth. However, studies indicate that in addition to the ability to inhibit Akt, other mechanisms contribute to perifosine’s anti-tumor activity. To gain insight into perifosine anti-tumor activity in neuroblastoma we have studied changes in the proteome and acetylome after perifosine treatment in SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells using SILAC labeling, affinity enrichment, high-resolution and LC-MS/MS analysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that, a total of 5,880 proteins and 3,415 lysine acetylation sites were quantified in SK-N-AS cells and 216 differentially expressed proteins and 115 differentially expressed lysine acetylation sites were obtained. These differentially expressed proteins and lysine acetylated proteins were involved in a number of different biological functions, metabolic pathways and pathophysiological processes. This study details the impact of perifosine on proteome and lysine acetylome in SK-N-AS cells and expands our understanding of the mechanisms of perifosine action in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gu
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhongyan Hua
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yudi Dong
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yue Zhan
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cellular &Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cellular &Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Zhijie Li
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Tong Y, Zhu W, Huang X, You L, Han X, Yang C, Qian W. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 inhibits activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway induced by an oncolytic adenovirus expressing TRAIL and sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to the oncolytic virus. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1581-8. [PMID: 24535016 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, much progress has been achieved in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). However, the major challenge of chemotherapeutic drugs is acquired resistance. Oncolytic virotherapies offer promising alternatives; with the possibility of their integration with current therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we assessed the potential of ZD55-TRAIL (an oncolytic adenovirus expressing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) as an oncolytic agent for MM. Our results clearly indicated that ZD55 armed with TRAIL was more cytotoxic to drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant MM cell lines, than the virus alone. Furthermore, it was also observed that ZD55-TRAIL induced apoptosis through the activation of the caspase pathway. In particular, ZD55-TRAIL significantly inhibited insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and NFκB. However, IGF did not abrogate ZD55‑TRAIL-induced cell death. Combination of ZD55-TRAIL with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 in RPMI‑8226 cells inhibited the virus‑mediated activation of mTOR and AKT, thus, promoting cell death. Combined treatment of ZD55-TRAIL and MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) robustly increased the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5), which enhanced the apoptosis response without significant toxicity to normal liver cells. Collectively, our results suggest that combined treatment of TRAIL-armed oncolytic adenovirus and a PI3K inhibitor or a proteosome inhibitor may serve as a promising therapy for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tong
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Liangshun You
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Han
- Women's Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
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Abstract
The incorporation of novel agents such as bortezomib and lenalidomide into initial therapy for multiple myeloma has improved the response rate of induction regimens. Also, these drugs are being increasingly used in the peri-transplant setting for transplant-eligible patients, and as part of consolidation and/or maintenance after front-line treatment, including in transplant-ineligible patients. Together, these and other strategies have contributed to a prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in myeloma patients, and an increasing proportion are able to sustain a remission for many years. Despite these improvements, however, the vast majority of patients continue to suffer relapses, which suggests a prominent role for either primary, innate drug resistance, or secondary, acquired drug resistance. As a result, there remains a strong need to develop new proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents, as well as new drug classes, which would be effective in the relapsed and/or refractory setting, and overcome drug resistance. This review will focus on novel drugs that have reached phase III trials, including carfilzomib and pomalidomide, which have recently garnered regulatory approvals. In addition, agents that are in phase II or III, potentially registration-enabling trials will be described as well, to provide an overview of the possible landscape in the relapsed and/or refractory arena over the next 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, and Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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Friedman DR, Lanasa MC, Davis PH, Allgood SD, Matta KM, Brander DM, Chen Y, Davis ED, Volkheimer AD, Moore JO, Gockerman JP, Sportelli P, Weinberg JB. Perifosine treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a phase II clinical trial and in vitro studies. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:1067-75. [PMID: 23863122 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.824080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Because of the importance of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we evaluated in vitro cytotoxicity induced by perifosine, an AKT inhibitor, in CLL lymphocytes and found that the mean 50% effective dose (ED50) was 313 nM. We then performed a phase II trial of perifosine in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL to assess response, outcomes, toxicity and ex vivo correlative measures. After 3 months of treatment, six of eight patients showed stable disease, one achieved a partial response and one had progressive disease. Median event-free survival and overall survival in all patients treated were 3.9 and 9.7 months. Adverse events included hematologic, infectious/fever, pain, gastrointestinal and constitutional toxicities. Unexpectedly, AKT phosphorylation in CLL lymphocytes from treated patients was not correlated with response. Additionally, perifosine did not inhibit AKT phosphorylation in cultured CLL lymphocytes. Perifosine is cytotoxic to CLL cells in vitro, and largely induces stabilized disease in vivo, with an AKT-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne R Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC , USA
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Micheau O, Shirley S, Dufour F. Death receptors as targets in cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169:1723-44. [PMID: 23638798 PMCID: PMC3753832 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Anti-tumour therapies based on the use pro-apoptotic receptor agonists, including TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or monoclonal antibodies targeting TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2, have been disappointing so far, despite clear evidence of clinical activity and lack of adverse events for the vast majority of these compounds, whether combined or not with conventional or targeted anti-cancer therapies. This brief review aims at discussing the possible reasons for the lack of apparent success of these therapeutic approaches and at providing hints in order to rationally design optimal protocols based on our current understanding of TRAIL signalling regulation or resistance for future clinical trials. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue-8.
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Gentile M, Recchia AG, Mazzone C, Lucia E, Vigna E, Morabito F. Perspectives in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13 Suppl 1:S1-22. [PMID: 23692500 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.799132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of proteasome inhibitor (PI) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and advances in supportive care have considerably changed the treatment paradigm of multiple myeloma (MM) and significantly improved survival. Nevertheless, almost all patients show disease relapse and develop drug resistance. AREAS COVERED We review the prognostic stratification and therapeutic strategy for newly diagnosed MM patients. Furthermore, mechanisms of drug resistance are discussed. Data regarding newer drugs, currently undergoing examination, such as PI (carfilzomib, ONX0912, MLN9708, and marizomib), IMiDs (pomalidomide), histone deacetylase inhibitors (vorinostat and panobinostat), kinase inhibitors (temsirolimus, everolimus, and tanespimycin), and immune-based therapies (elotuzumab, siltuximab, MOR03087, and MMBT062) are reported. EXPERT OPINION The use of three to four drug combination therapies including PI and IMiDs has significantly impacted on MM patient outcome. Moreover, new insights into MM biology from high-throughput technologies and availability of newer and more efficacious drugs will continue to influence our approach to MM treatment. In the immediate future molecular subgroup-specific trials using targeted agents may represent a very important step toward evaluating impact of interfering with relevant signaling pathways in MM. With the continued rapid evolution of progress in this field, MM will become a chronic illness having sustained complete response in a significant number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gentile
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Dipartimento Oncoematologico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Viale della Repubblica, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
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Giacomini A, Righi M, Cleris L, Locatelli SL, Mitola S, Daidone MG, Gianni AM, Carlo-Stella C. Induction of death receptor 5 expression in tumor vasculature by perifosine restores the vascular disruption activity of TRAIL-expressing CD34(+) cells. Angiogenesis 2013; 16:707-22. [PMID: 23605004 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The proapoptotic death receptor 5 (DR5) expressed by tumor associated endothelial cells (TECs) mediates vascular disrupting effects of human CD34(+) cells engineered to express membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (CD34-TRAIL (+) cells) in mice. Indeed, lack of DR5 on TECs causes resistance to CD34-TRAIL (+) cells. By xenografting in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice the TRAIL-resistant lymphoma cell line SU-DHL-4V, which generates tumors lacking endothelial DR5 expression, here we demonstrate for the first time that the Akt inhibitor perifosine induces in vivo DR5 expression on TECs, thereby overcoming tumor resistance to the vascular disruption activity of CD34-TRAIL (+) cells. In fact, CD34-TRAIL (+) cells combined with perifosine, but not CD34-TRAIL (+) cells alone, exerted marked antivascular effects and caused a threefold increase of hemorrhagic necrosis in SU-DHL-4V tumors. Consistent with lack of DR5 expression, CD34-TRAIL (+) cells failed to affect the growth of SU-DHL-4V tumors, but CD34-TRAIL (+) cells plus perifosine reduced tumor volumes by 60 % compared with controls. In view of future clinical studies using membrane-bound TRAIL, our results highlight a strategy to rescue patients with primary or acquired resistance due to the lack of DR5 expression in tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Cives M, Simone V, Brunetti O, Longo V, Silvestris F. Novel lenalidomide-based combinations for treatment of multiple myeloma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 85:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perifosine is an oral alkylphospholipid which has recently been assessed clinically in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Perifosine acts primarily by attenuating the activation of Akt by preventing its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-dependent localization to the cell membrane. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the therapeutic landscape of RCC including the proposed role of perifosine in patients with advanced RCC. The mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy in RCC and safety of perifosine are all addressed as well. EXPERT OPINION Although perifosine has clear clinical activity in RCC, it is not superior to currently available agents and therefore does not appear worthy of further clinical development in RCC as a single agent. Given the observed efficacy and mild toxicity, however, perifosine may have a role in RCC therapy given in combination with other molecularly targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeharika Srivastava
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, 330 Brookline Avenue, MASCO 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Moreau P. The future of therapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: emerging agents and novel treatment strategies. Semin Hematol 2012; 49 Suppl 1:S33-46. [PMID: 22727391 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) continues to present a therapeutic challenge. The immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) thalidomide and lenalidomide, and the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib, have dramatically improved clinical outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM. However, nearly all patients will eventually relapse or become refractory to these drugs. Numerous agents are currently in development for the treatment of relapsed/refractory MM. Those farthest along in clinical development include new IMiDs (pomalidomide), new PIs (eg, carfilzomib, MLN9708, and marizomib), histone deacetylase inhibitors (eg, panobinostat and vorinostat), monoclonal antibodies (eg, elotuzumab, siltuximab, and BT062), and signal transduction modulators (eg, perifosine). These emerging agents with diverse mechanisms of action have demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity in patients with relapsed/refractory MM, and rationally designed combinations with established agents are being investigated in the clinic. These new agents are creating opportunities to target multiple pathways, overcome resistance, and improve clinical outcomes, particularly for those patients who are refractory to approved novel agents. This article describes emerging antimyeloma agents in mid-stage to late-stage clinical development, and highlights the novel treatment approaches and combination strategies being evaluated in the relapsed/refractory setting.
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Gills JJ, Zhang C, Abu-Asab MS, Castillo SS, Marceau C, LoPiccolo J, Kozikowski AP, Tsokos M, Goldkorn T, Dennis PA. Ceramide mediates nanovesicle shedding and cell death in response to phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogs and perifosine. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e340. [PMID: 22764099 PMCID: PMC3406576 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer phospholipids that inhibit Akt such as the alkylphospholipid perifosine (Per) and phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogs (PIAs) promote cellular detachment and apoptosis and have a similar cytotoxicity profile against cancer cell lines in the NCI60 panel. While investigating the mechanism of Akt inhibition, we found that short-term incubation with these compounds induced rapid shedding of cellular nanovesicles containing EGFR, IGFR and p-Akt that occurred in vitro and in vivo, while prolonged incubation led to cell detachment and death that depended on sphingomyelinase-mediated generation of ceramide. Pretreatment with sphingomyelinase inhibitors blocked ceramide generation, decreases in phospho-Akt, nanovesicle release and cell detachment in response to alkylphospholipids and PIAs in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Similarly, exogenous ceramide also decreased active Akt and induced nanovesicle release. Knockdown of neutral sphingomyelinase decreased, whereas overexpression of neutral or acid sphingomyelinase increased cell detachment and death in response to the compounds. When transferred in vitro, PIA or Per-induced nanovesicles increased ceramide levels and death in recipient cells. These results indicate ceramide generation underlies the Akt inhibition and cytotoxicity of this group of agents, and suggests nanovesicle shedding and uptake might potentially propagate their cytotoxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Gills
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4254, USA
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Cho DC, Hutson TE, Samlowski W, Sportelli P, Somer B, Richards P, Sosman JA, Puzanov I, Michaelson MD, Flaherty KT, Figlin RA, Vogelzang NJ. Two phase 2 trials of the novel Akt inhibitor perifosine in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma after progression on vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy. Cancer 2012; 118:6055-62. [PMID: 22674198 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical activity of allosteric inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may be limited by upstream activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase/Akt resulting from mTOR1 inhibition. On the basis of this rationale, 2 independent phase 2 trials (Perifosine 228 and 231) were conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of the novel Akt inhibitor perifosine in patients with advanced RCC who had failed on previous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy. METHODS In the Perifosine 228 trial, 24 patients with advanced RCC received oral perifosine (100 mg daily). Perifosine 231 enrolled 2 groups that received daily oral perifosine (100 mg daily): Group A comprised 32 patients who had received no prior mTOR inhibitor, and Group B comprised 18 patients who had received 1 prior mTOR inhibitor. RESULTS In the Perifosine 228 trial, 1 patient achieved a partial response (objective response rate, 4%; 95% confidence interval, 0.7%-20%), and 11 patients (46%) had stable disease as their best response. The median progression-free survival was 14.2 weeks (95% confidence interval, 7.7-21.6 weeks). In the Perifosine 231 trial, 5 patients achieved a partial response (objective response rate, 10%; 95% confidence interval, 4.5%-22.2%) and 16 patients (32%) had stable disease as their best response. The median progression-free survival was 14 weeks (95% confidence interval, 12.9, 20.7 weeks). Overall, perifosine was well tolerated, and there were very few grade 3 and 4 events. The most common toxicities included nausea, diarrhea, musculoskeletal pain, and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Although perifosine demonstrated activity in patients with advanced RCC after failure on VEGF-targeted therapy, its activity was not superior to currently available second-line agents. Nonetheless, perifosine may be worthy of further study in RCC in combination with other currently available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Cho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Sun W, Modak S. Emerging treatment options for the treatment of neuroblastoma: potential role of perifosine. Onco Targets Ther 2012; 5:21-9. [PMID: 22419878 PMCID: PMC3299554 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving a cure for high-risk neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, remains a formidable task despite the recent addition of antibody-mediated anti-GD2 immunotherapy to established multimodality therapy. The PI3K/Akt pathway is a pivotal signaling pathway utilized by a plethora of receptor tyrosine kinases that contribute to the aggressive phenotype of high-risk neuroblastoma. Akt is aberrantly activated in high-risk neuroblastoma and is therefore an attractive therapeutic target. Perifosine is the best-characterized Akt inhibitor in preclinical studies and in clinical trials in adults, although safety in children is not yet confirmed. It is a synthetic third-generation alkylphospholipid with good oral bioavailability and modest side effects. Perifosine targets the lipid-binding PH domain of Akt and inhibits the translocation of Akt to the cell membrane, an essential step for Akt activation. It decreases Akt phosphorylation and increases caspase-dependent apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell lines, inhibits growth of neuroblastoma xenografts, and overcomes RTK/ligand-mediated chemoresistance. It is currently being studied in two Phase I clinical trials in children with recurrent or refractory solid tumors including neuroblastoma. In the single agent trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00776867), maximum tolerated dose has not yet been reached and pharmacokinetic data has been accrued. In the second study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01049841), patients are treated with a combination of perifosine and the mTOR-inhibitor temsirolimus based on preclinical data showing synergy of the two agents, and the premise that direct Akt inhibition may overcome Akt activation secondary to mTOR inhibition. Based on results from adult trials, it is unlikely that perifosine alone will produce dramatic therapeutic effects against high-risk neuroblastoma. However, given the recent encouraging early-phase combination therapy results in adults with multiple myeloma and colorectal carcinoma, rational perifosine-containing combination regimens hold promise for neuroblastoma therapy. These will be explored after safety in children is established in Phase I studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kagawa K, Nakano A, Miki H, Oda A, Amou H, Takeuchi K, Nakamura S, Harada T, Fujii S, Yata K, Ozaki S, Matsumoto T, Abe M. Inhibition of TACE activity enhances the susceptibility of myeloma cells to TRAIL. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31594. [PMID: 22389670 PMCID: PMC3289627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/Apo2 ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) selectively induces apoptosis in various cancer cells including myeloma (MM) cells. However, the susceptibility of MM cells to TRAIL is largely low in most of MM cells by yet largely unknown mechanisms. Because TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) can cleave some TNF receptor family members, in the present study we explored the roles of proteolytic modulation by TACE in TRAIL receptor expression and TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity in MM cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS MM cells preferentially expressed death receptor 4 (DR4) but not DR5 on their surface along with TACE. Conditioned media from RPMI8226 and U266 cells contained a soluble form of DR4. The DR4 levels in these conditioned media were reduced by TACE inhibition by the TACE inhibitor TAPI-0 as well as TACE siRNA. Conversely, the TACE inhibition restored surface levels of DR4 but not DR5 in these cells without affecting DR4 mRNA levels. The TACE inhibition was able to restore cell surface DR4 expression in MM cells even in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells or osteoclasts, and enhanced the cytotoxic effects of recombinant TRAIL and an agonistic antibody against DR4 on MM cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that MM cells post-translationally down-modulate the cell surface expression of DR4 through ectodomain shedding by endogenous TACE, and that TACE inhibition is able to restore cell surface DR4 levels and the susceptibility of MM cells to TRAIL or an agonistic antibody against DR4. Thus, TACE may protect MM cells from TRAIL-mediated death through down-modulation of cell-surface DR4. It can be envisaged that TACE inhibition augments clinical efficacy of TRAIL-based immunotherapy against MM, which eventually becomes resistant to the present therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Oda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroe Amou
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takeuchi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yata
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuji Ozaki
- Division of Internal Medicine, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kaya H, Peressini B, Jawed I, Martincic D, Elaimy AL, Lamoreaux WT, Fairbanks RK, Weeks KA, Lee CM. Impact of age, race and decade of treatment on overall survival in a critical population analysis of 40,000 multiple myeloma patients. Int J Hematol 2011; 95:64-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Richardson PG, Wolf J, Jakubowiak A, Zonder J, Lonial S, Irwin D, Densmore J, Krishnan A, Raje N, Bar M, Martin T, Schlossman R, Ghobrial IM, Munshi N, Laubach J, Allerton J, Hideshima T, Colson K, Poradosu E, Gardner L, Sportelli P, Anderson KC. Perifosine plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma previously treated with bortezomib: results of a multicenter phase I/II trial. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:4243-9. [PMID: 21990396 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.33.9788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel agents have improved patient outcome in relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Preclinical data show that the novel signal transduction modulator, perifosine, enhances the cytotoxicity of dexamethasone and bortezomib. Clinical data suggest that perifosine in combination with dexamethasone has activity in relapsed or relapsed/refractory MM. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a phase I/II study, perifosine in combination with bortezomib with or without dexamethasone was prospectively evaluated in 84 patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory MM. All were heavily pretreated and bortezomib exposed; 73% were refractory to bortezomib, and 51% were refractory to bortezomib and dexamethasone. The dose selected for the phase II study was perifosine 50 mg/d plus bortezomib 1.3 mg/m(2), with the addition of low-dose dexamethasone at 20 mg if progression occurred on perifosine plus bortezomib alone. RESULTS An overall response rate (ORR; defined as minimal response or better) of 41% was demonstrated with this combination in 73 evaluable patients, including an ORR of 65% in bortezomib-relapsed patients and 32% in bortezomib-refractory patients. Therapy was generally well tolerated; toxicities, including gastrointestinal adverse effects and fatigue, proved manageable. No treatment-related mortality was seen. Median progression-free survival was 6.4 months, with a median overall survival of 25 months (22.5 months in bortezomib-refractory patients). CONCLUSION Perifosine-bortezomib ± dexamethasone demonstrated encouraging activity in heavily pretreated bortezomib-exposed patients with advanced MM. A phase III trial is underway comparing perifosine-bortezomib plus dexamethasone with bortezomib-dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory MM previously treated with bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Richardson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney St, Dana 1B02, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Zauli G, Bosco R, Secchiero P. Molecular targets for selective killing of TRAIL-resistant leukemic cells. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:931-42. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.580278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Manohar SM, Rathos MJ, Sonawane V, Rao SV, Joshi KS. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, P276-00 induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells by inhibition of Cdk9-T1 and RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. Leuk Res 2011; 35:821-30. [PMID: 21216463 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
P276-00 is a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor especially potent for Cdk9-T1, Cdk4-D1 and Cdk1-B. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells. Treatment of MM cell lines with P276-00 resulted in apoptosis that correlated with transcription inhibition and a significant decline in Mcl-1 protein levels with the appearance of cleaved PARP in these cells. In vivo studies of P276-00 confirmed antitumor activity in RPMI-8226 xenograft. These results suggest that P276-00 causes multiple myeloma cell death by disrupting the balance between cell survival and apoptosis through inhibition of transcription and downregulation of Mcl-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal M Manohar
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Maginn EN, Browne PV, Hayden P, Vandenberghe E, MacDonagh B, Evans P, Goodyer M, Tewari P, Campiani G, Butini S, Williams DC, Zisterer DM, Lawler MP, McElligott AM. PBOX-15, a novel microtubule targeting agent, induces apoptosis, upregulates death receptors, and potentiates TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Br J Cancer 2010; 104:281-9. [PMID: 21179037 PMCID: PMC3031893 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, much progress has been made in the treatment of multiple myeloma. However, a major limitation of existing chemotherapeutic drugs is the eventual emergence of resistance; hence, the development of novel agents with new mechanisms of action is pertinent. Here, we describe the activity and mechanism of action of pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepine-15 (PBOX-15), a novel microtubule-targeting agent, in multiple myeloma cells. Methods: The anti-myeloma activity of PBOX-15 was assessed using NCI-H929, KMS11, RPMI8226, and U266 cell lines, and primary myeloma cells. Cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, cytochrome c release, and mitochondrial inner membrane depolarisation were analysed by flow cytometry; gene expression analysis was carried out using TaqMan Low Density Arrays; and expression of caspase-8 and Bcl-2 family of proteins was assessed by western blot analysis. Results: Pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepine-15 induced apoptosis in ex vivo myeloma cells and in myeloma cell lines. Death receptor genes were upregulated in both NCI-H929 and U266 cell lines, which displayed the highest and lowest apoptotic responses, respectively, following treatment with PBOX-15. The largest increase was detected for the death receptor 5 (DR5) gene, and cotreatment of both cell lines with tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the DR5 ligand, potentiated the apoptotic response. In NCI-H929 cells, PBOX-15-induced apoptosis was shown to be caspase-8 dependent, with independent activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. A caspase-8-dependent decrease in expression of BimEL preceded downregulation of other Bcl-2 proteins (Bid, Bcl-2, Mcl-1) in PBOX-15-treated NCI-H929 cells. Conclusion: PBOX-15 induces apoptosis and potentiates TRAIL-induced cell death in multiple myeloma cells. Thus, PBOX-15 represents a promising agent, with a distinct mechanism of action, for the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Maginn
- John Durkan Leukaemia Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Fu L, Lin YD, Elrod HA, Yue P, Oh Y, Li B, Tao H, Chen GZ, Shin DM, Khuri FR, Sun SY. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-dependent upregulation of DR5 mediates cooperative induction of apoptosis by perifosine and TRAIL. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:315. [PMID: 21172010 PMCID: PMC3018404 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perifosine, an alkylphospholipid tested in phase II clinical trials, modulates the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and cooperates with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to augment apoptosis. The current study focuses on revealing the mechanisms by which perifosine enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis. RESULTS The combination of perifosine and TRAIL was more active than each single agent alone in inducing apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells and inhibiting the growth of xenografts. Interestingly, perifosine primarily increased cell surface levels of DR5 although it elevated the expression of both DR4 and DR5. Blockade of DR5, but not DR4 upregulation, via small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited perifosine/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Perifosine increased phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun levels, which were paralleled with DR4 and DR5 induction. However, only DR5 upregulaiton induced by perifosine could be abrogated by both the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and JNK siRNA. The antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine and glutathione, but not vitamin C or tiron, inhibited perifosine-induced elevation of p-c-Jun, DR4 and DR5. Moreover, no increased production of reactive oxygen species was detected in perifosine-treated cells although reduced levels of intracellular GSH were measured. CONCLUSIONS DR5 induction plays a critical role in mediating perifosine/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Perifosine induces DR5 expression through a JNK-dependent mechanism independent of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Tipifarnib sensitizes cells to proteasome inhibition by blocking degradation of bortezomib-induced aggresomes. Blood 2010; 116:5285-8. [PMID: 20844234 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-03-272393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we investigated the mechanism responsible for synergistic induction of myeloma cell apoptosis induced by the combination of tipifarnib and bortezomib. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that bortezomib alone resulted in an accumulation of puncta of ubiquitinated proteins that was further enhanced by the addition of tipifarnib. These data suggest inhibition of the degradation of bortezomib-induced aggresomes; and consistent with this possibility, we also observed an increase in p62SQSTM1 in cells treated with the combination. However, autophagy in these cells appears to be normal as LC3BII is present, and autophagic flux appears to be unaffected as demonstrated by the addition of bafilomycin A₁. Together, these data demonstrate that tipifarnib synergizes with bortezomib by inducing protein accumulation as a result of the uncoupling of the aggresome and autophagy pathways.
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Seo SB, Hur JG, Kim MJ, Lee JW, Kim HB, Bae JH, Kim DW, Kang CD, Kim SH. TRAIL sensitize MDR cells to MDR-related drugs by down-regulation of P-glycoprotein through inhibition of DNA-PKcs/Akt/GSK-3beta pathway and activation of caspases. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:199. [PMID: 20663232 PMCID: PMC2918570 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of new modulator possessing high efficacy, low toxicity and high selectivity is a pivotal approach to overcome P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer treatment. In this study, we suggest a new molecular mechanism that TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) down-regulates P-glycoprotein (P-gp) through inhibition of DNA-PKcs/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and activation of caspases and thereby sensitize MDR cells to MDR-related drugs. Results MDR variants, CEM/VLB10-2, CEM/VLB55-8 and CEM/VLB100 cells, with gradually increased levels of P-gp derived from human lymphoblastic leukemia CEM cells, were gradually more susceptible to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity than parental CEM cells. The P-gp level of MDR variants was positively correlated with the levels of DNA-PKcs, pAkt, pGSK-3β and c-Myc as well as DR5 and negatively correlated with the level of c-FLIPs. Hypersensitivity of CEM/VLB100 cells to TRAIL was accompanied by the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as well as the activation of initiator caspases. In addition, TRAIL-induced down-regulation of DNA-PKcs/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and c-FLIP and up-regulation of cell surface expression of death receptors were associated with the increased susceptibility to TRAIL of MDR cells. Moreover, TRAIL inhibited P-gp efflux function via caspase-3-dependent degradation of P-gp as well as DNA-PKcs and subsequently sensitized MDR cells to MDR-related drugs such as vinblastine and doxorubicin. We also found that suppression of DNA-PKcs by siRNA enhanced the susceptibility of MDR cells to vincristine as well as TRAIL via down-regulation of c-FLIP and P-gp expression and up-regulation of DR5. Conclusion This study showed for the first time that the MDR variant of CEM cells was hypersensitive to TRAIL due to up-regulation of DR5 and concomitant down-regulation of c-FLIP, and degradation of P-gp and DNA-PKcs by activation of caspase-3 might be important determinants of TRAIL-induced sensitization of MDR cells to MDR-related drugs. Therefore, combination of TRAIL and chemotherapeutic drugs may be a good strategy for treatment of cancer with multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Bin Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Lipid rafts and clusters of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts in cancer therapy. Future Oncol 2010; 6:811-21. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an imperative need to overcome the rather poor outcomes of current cancer chemotherapy with further development of novel targets and drugs. Direct activation of the cancer cell apoptotic machinery constitutes an appealing approach. Recent findings have shown that apoptosis can be triggered by co-aggregation of lipid rafts with death receptors and downstream signaling molecules, thus facilitating their interactions to convey apoptotic signals. We postulate this cluster of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts (CASMER) as a novel supramolecular entity that modulates apoptosis, representing a new target in cancer therapy. The development of drugs that target lipid rafts leading to the formation of clusters of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts offers new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Cancer Biology, Centre for Cancer Research, CSIC – University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Research Unit, University Hospital of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Lipid rafts, death receptors and CASMERs: new insights for cancer therapy. Future Oncol 2010; 6:491-4. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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TRAIL receptor targeting therapies for non-small cell lung cancer: Current status and perspectives. Drug Resist Updat 2010; 13:2-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Martín V, García-Santos G, Rodriguez-Blanco J, Casado-Zapico S, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Antolín I, Medina M, Rodriguez C. Melatonin sensitizes human malignant glioma cells against TRAIL-induced cell death. Cancer Lett 2009; 287:216-23. [PMID: 19632770 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the common expression of death receptors, many types of cancer including gliomas are resistant to the death receptor ligand (TRAIL). Melatonin antitumoral actions have been extensively described, including oncostatic properties on several tumor types and improvement of chemotherapeutic regimens. Here, we found that melatonin effectively increase cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell apoptosis in A172 and U87 human glioma cells. The effect seems to be related to a modulation of PKC activity which in turns decreases Akt activation leading to an increase in death receptor 5 (DR5) levels and a decrease in the antiapoptotic proteins survivin and bcl-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Martín
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Spain.
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Transglutaminase 2 expression levels regulate sensitivity to cystamine plus TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2009; 287:224-30. [PMID: 19632032 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that cystamine, an inhibitor of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), enhanced tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis in Caki cells, but not in normal human mesangial cells. Cystamine plus TRAIL-induced down-regulation of c-FLIP was recovered to basal levels by addition of the pancaspase inhibitor, z-VAD. The forced expression of c-FLIP attenuated cystamine plus TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in Caki cells. Although, cells expressing high levels of TG2 were more sensitive to cystamine plus TRAIL-mediated apoptosis than were cells expressing low levels of TG2, cystamine plus TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in the cell line expressing high levels of TG2 was reduced when TG2 levels were knocked down with siRNA. These results indicate that the level of TG2 modulates cystamine plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the present findings suggest that cystamine may be an effective sensitizer of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells expressing high levels of TG2.
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Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is aberrantly active in most human cancers and contributes to cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Akt is a nodal regulator of cellular survival pathways and an attractive target in cancer therapy. Many inhibitors of Akt are being developed. Perifosine is an oral Akt inhibitor currently being tested in phase 2 clinical trials. Unlike most kinase inhibitors, which target the adenosine triphosphate-binding region, perifosine targets the pleckstrin homology domain of Akt, thereby preventing its translocation to the plasma membrane. Single-agent activity with perifosine has been observed in sarcoma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients. However, the disappointing response rates of common solid tumors to perifosine as a single agent have diminished expectations and prompted further investigation into its mechanism of action. Perifosine exerts Akt-dependent and Akt-independent effects, and although many preclinical studies have documented Akt inhibition by perifosine, clinical validation of these findings is lacking. In this article, we review the clinical history of perifosine and discuss its many biologic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joell J Gills
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NNMC Building 8, Room 5101, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
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