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Bakhshayesh M, Gohari LH, Barati M, Safa M. Combination therapy using TGF-β1 and STI-571 can induce apoptosis in BCR-ABL oncogene-expressing cells. Biomol Concepts 2021; 12:144-155. [PMID: 34700368 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR-ABL oncogene is a tyrosine kinase gene that is over-expressed in CML. It inhibits the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Due to resistance of cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, STI-571, the combined effect of STI-571 and TGF-β1 on K562 cells was studied in the present research. Results revealed that the TGF-β1 cell signaling pathway, which is activated in K562 cells treated with TGF-β1, activates collective cell signaling pathways involved in survival and apoptosis. It is noteworthy that treating K562 cells with STI-571 triggered apoptotic pathways, accompanied by a reduction in proteins such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, p-AKT, p-Stat5, p-FOXO3, and Mcl-1 and an increase in the pro-apoptotic proteins PARP cleavage, and p27, leading to an increase in sub-G1 phase-arrested and Annexin-positive cells. Interestingly, the proliferation behavior of TGF-β1-induced cells was changed with the combination therapy, and STI-571-induced apoptosis was also prompted by this combination. Thus, combination treatment appears to promote sub-G1 cell cycle arrest compared to individually treated cells. Furthermore, it strongly triggered apoptotic signaling. In conclusion, TGF-β1 did not negatively impact the effect of STI-571, based on positive annexin cells, and AKT protein phosphorylation remains effective in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoome Bakhshayesh
- Genetics department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Hosseini Gohari
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Medical Laboratory Science Department, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kinnunen PC, Luker KE, Luker GD, Linderman JJ. Computational methods for characterizing and learning from heterogeneous cell signaling data. CURRENT OPINION IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2021; 26:98-108. [PMID: 35647414 DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in cell signaling pathways is increasingly appreciated as a fundamental feature of cell biology and a driver of clinically relevant disease phenotypes. Understanding the causes of heterogeneity, the cellular mechanisms used to control heterogeneity, and the downstream effects of heterogeneity in single cells are all key obstacles for manipulating cellular populations and treating disease. Recent advances in genetic engineering, including multiplexed fluorescent reporters, have provided unprecedented measurements of signaling heterogeneity, but these vast data sets are often difficult to interpret, necessitating the use of computational techniques to extract meaning from the data. Here, we review recent advances in computational methods for extracting meaning from these novel data streams. In particular, we evaluate how machine learning methods related to dimensionality reduction and classification can identify structure in complex, dynamic datasets, simplifying interpretation. We also discuss how mechanistic models can be merged with heterogeneous data to understand the underlying differences between cells in a population. These methods are still being developed, but the work reviewed here offers useful applications of specific analysis techniques that could enable the translation of single-cell signaling data to actionable biological understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Kinnunen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, A526 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, A526 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Jennifer J Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
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3
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Targeting PFKFB3 sensitizes chronic myelogenous leukemia cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Oncogene 2018; 37:2837-2849. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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4
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A new mechanism of resistance to ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a BCR-ABL1-positive cell line. Leuk Res 2017; 61:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Integrating Biological and Mathematical Models to Explain and Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancer. Part 1: Biological Facts and Studies in Drug Resistance. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Winkler JD, Halweg-Edwards AL, Erickson KE, Choudhury A, Pines G, Gill RT. The Resistome: A Comprehensive Database of Escherichia coli Resistance Phenotypes. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1566-1577. [PMID: 27438180 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The microbial ability to resist stressful environmental conditions and chemical inhibitors is of great industrial and medical interest. Much of the data related to mutation-based stress resistance, however, is scattered through the academic literature, making it difficult to apply systematic analyses to this wealth of information. To address this issue, we introduce the Resistome database: a literature-curated collection of Escherichia coli genotypes-phenotypes containing over 5,000 mutants that resist hundreds of compounds and environmental conditions. We use the Resistome to understand our current state of knowledge regarding resistance and to detect potential synergy or antagonism between resistance phenotypes. Our data set represents one of the most comprehensive collections of genomic data related to resistance currently available. Future development will focus on the construction of a combined genomic-transcriptomic-proteomic framework for understanding E. coli's resistance biology. The Resistome can be downloaded at https://bitbucket.org/jdwinkler/resistome_release/overview .
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Winkler
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Andrea L. Halweg-Edwards
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Keesha E. Erickson
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Alaksh Choudhury
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Gur Pines
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Ryan T. Gill
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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Distinct Dasatinib-Induced Mechanisms of Apoptotic Response and Exosome Release in Imatinib-Resistant Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:531. [PMID: 27070592 PMCID: PMC4848987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dasatinib is effective in most imatinib mesylate (IMT)-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, the underlying mechanism of its effectiveness in eliminating imatinib-resistant cells is only partially understood. This study investigated the effects of dasatinib on signaling mechanisms driving-resistance in imatinib-resistant CML cell line K562 (K562RIMT). Compared with K562 control cells, exsomal release, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and autophagic activity were increased significantly in K562RIMT cells and mTOR-independent beclin-1/Vps34 signaling was shown to be involved in exosomal release in these cells. We found that Notch1 activation-mediated reduction of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was responsible for the increased Akt/mTOR activities in K562RIMT cells and treatment with Notch1 γ-secretase inhibitor prevented activation of Akt/mTOR. In addition, suppression of mTOR activity by rapamycin decreased the level of activity of p70S6K, induced upregulation of p53 and caspase 3, and led to increase of apoptosis in K562RIMT cells. Inhibition of autophagy by spautin-1 or beclin-1 knockdown decreased exosomal release, but did not affect apoptosis in K562RIMT cells. In summary, in K562RIMT cells dasatinib promoted apoptosis through downregulation of Akt/mTOR activities, while preventing exosomal release and inhibiting autophagy by downregulating expression of beclin-1 and Vps34. Our findings reveal distinct dasatinib-induced mechanisms of apoptotic response and exosomal release in imatinib-resistant CML cells.
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8
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Fienberg HG, Nolan GP. Mass cytometry to decipher the mechanism of nongenetic drug resistance in cancer. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 377:85-94. [PMID: 24578267 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nongenetic resistance has recently been described as a major impediment to effective cancer therapy. Nongenetic resistance is challenging to study since it occurs nonuniformly, even in cell lines, and can involve the interplay of multiple survival pathways. Until recently, no technology allowed measurement of large-scale alterations in survival pathways with single-cell resolution. Mass cytometry, a flow-based technique in which the activation of up to 50 proteins can be measured simultaneously in single-cell, now provides the ability to examine nongenetic resistance on the functional level on a cell-by-cell basis. The application of mass cytometry, in combination with new bioinformatic techniques, will allow fundamental questions on nongenetic resistance to be addressed: Is resistance caused by selection of cells with a pre-existing survival phenotype or induction of a survival program? Which survival pathways are necessary for nongenetic resistance and how do they interact? Currently, mass cytometry is being used to investigate the mechanism of nongenetic resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The approaches being developed to understand resistance to TRAIL will likely be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of nongenetic resistance broadly and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris G Fienberg
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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9
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Silveira RA, Fachel AA, Moreira YB, De Souza CA, Costa FF, Verjovski-Almeida S, Pagnano KBB. Protein-coding genes and long noncoding RNAs are differentially expressed in dasatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia patients with resistance to imatinib. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:31-41. [PMID: 23676950 DOI: 10.1179/1607845413y.0000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Dasatinib has demonstrated efficacy in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who had resistance or intolerance to imatinib. However, some patients also develop resistance or intolerance to dasatinib. To identify potential molecular pathways involved in primary resistance to dasatinib in CML, we analyzed gene expression profiles of mononuclear cells of 7 imatinib-resistant patients, collected before and after 1-year dasatinib treatment. Large-scale gene expression was measured with Agilent microarrays covering protein-coding genes and long (>200 nt) noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Sets of genes and lncRNAs significantly differentially expressed (>1.5 fold-change; q value ≤10%) were identified. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis pointed to a number of functions, canonical pathways and gene networks that were significantly enriched with differentially expressed genes. In addition to protein-coding genes, lncRNAs have been recently implicated in pathways leading to tumorigenesis. Our data point to new possible regulatory elements involved in dasatinib resistance in CML.
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10
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Simara P, Stejskal S, Koutna I, Potesil D, Tesarova L, Potesilova M, Zdrahal Z, Mayer J. Apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells transiently treated with imatinib or dasatinib is caused by residual BCR-ABL kinase inhibition. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:385-93. [PMID: 23420553 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Transient, potent BCR-ABL inhibition with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was recently demonstrated to be sufficient to commit chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells to apoptosis irreversibly. This mechanism explains the clinical efficacy of once-daily dasatinib treatment, despite the rapid clearance of the drug from the plasma. However, our in vitro data suggest that apoptosis induction after transient TKI treatment, observed in the BCR-ABL-positive cell lines K562, KYO-1, and LAMA-84 and progenitor cells from chronic phase CML patients, is instead caused by a residual kinase inhibition that persists in the cells as a consequence of intracellular drug retention. High intracellular concentrations of imatinib and dasatinib residues were measured in transiently treated cells. Furthermore, the apoptosis induced by residual imatinib or dasatinib from transient treatment could be rescued by washing out the intracellularly retained drugs. The residual kinase inhibition was also undetectable by the phospho-CRKL assay. These findings confirm that continuous target inhibition is required for the optimal efficacy of kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Simara
- CBIA-Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Stejskal
- CBIA-Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Irena Koutna
- CBIA-Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Core Facility-Proteomics; CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Tesarova
- CBIA-Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Potesilova
- CBIA-Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Core Facility-Proteomics; CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC); Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
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11
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Okabe S, Tauchi T, Tanaka Y, Kimura S, Maekawa T, Ohyashiki K. Activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors and an Aurora kinase inhibitor in BCR-ABL-expressing leukemia cells: Combination of HDAC and Aurora inhibitors in BCR-ABL-expressing cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:32. [PMID: 23556431 PMCID: PMC3635933 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of imatinib, an ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has led to a dramatic change in the management of BCR-ABL-positive leukemia patients. However, resistance to imatinib mediated by mutations in the BCR-ABL domain has become a major problem in the treatment of these patients. Methods In the present study, we examined the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in combination with an Aurora kinase inhibitor in BCR-ABL-expressing cells. Results We found the HDAC inhibitors vorinostat and/or pracinostat (SB939) induced apoptosis in BCR-ABL-expressing cells. Additionally, HDAC inhibitors reduced levels of Aurora A and B protein. An Aurora kinase inhibitor, tozasertib (VX-680), inhibited growth, promoted pro-apoptotic activity, reduced the phosphorylation of BCR-ABL and Crk-L, and activated caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in BCR-ABL-positive cells. Moreover, after treatment with tozasertib, HDAC protein expression was decreased. Combination of vorinostat or pracinostat with tozasertib had a synergistic inhibitory effect on the proliferation of T315I cells. Phosphorylation of Crk-L decreased, and PARP activation increased after treatment with vorinostat or pracinostat and tozasertib. Moreover, combination of vorinostat or pracinostat and tozasertib significantly increased the extent of apoptosis in primary chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Conclusions This study demonstrated that combination of HDAC and Aurora inhibitors was highly effective against BCR-ABL-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Okabe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
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12
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Uadkla O, Yodkeeree S, Buayairaksa M, Meepowpan P, Nuntasaen N, Limtrakul P, Pompimon W. Antiproliferative effect of alkaloids via cell cycle arrest from Pseuduvaria rugosa. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:400-404. [PMID: 23406361 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.734314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pseuduvaria rugosa (Blume) Merr. (Annonacaea) grows widely in the south and southeast regions of Thailand. Preliminary screening for biological activities revealed that crude hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone extracts from mixtures of leaves and twigs of P. rugosa showed cytotoxicity. OBJECTIVE Chemical constituents and their antiproliferative activity in K562, U937, and HL-60 human leukemic cell lines from P. rugosa were performed for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The isolated compounds were obtained from chromatographic separation. The structures were established by spectroscopic techniques including IR, UV, NMR together with 2D NMR (HMBC, COSY, and NOE) and MS. The K562, U937, and HL-60 cell lines were treated with isolated aporphine alkaloids (0-100 µg/mL) and cell viability was measured with the MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed using propidium iodide (PI) based staining methods. RESULTS Two known aporphine alkaloids, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-oxonoraporphine (1) and ouregidione (2) were isolated. Treatment of the cells with compounds 1 and 2 at a concentration of 100 µg/mL for 72 h reduced the viability of K562, U937, and HL-60 cell lines to 63 and 64, 38 and 66, and 49 and 64%, respectively. In addition, compounds 1 and 2, at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, exposed to U937 and HL-60 cell lines showed cell cycle arrest. The U937 cell line treated with compounds 1 and 2 increased significantly the proportion of the cell in S phase, whereas the HL-60 cell line-induced G2/M and G1 phase, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results showed that 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-oxonoraporphine and ouregidione-induced cytotoxicity with HL-60, U937, and K562 cells where 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-oxonoraporphine was more active than ouregidione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orathai Uadkla
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, Thailand
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Retnakumari AP, Hanumanthu PL, Malarvizhi GL, Prabhu R, Sidharthan N, Thampi MV, Menon D, Mony U, Menon K, Keechilat P, Nair S, Koyakutty M. Rationally designed aberrant kinase-targeted endogenous protein nanomedicine against oncogene mutated/amplified refractory chronic myeloid leukemia. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3062-78. [PMID: 22971013 DOI: 10.1021/mp300172e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated protein kinases play a very critical role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer. Although molecularly targeted small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMI) are effective against many types of cancer, point mutations in the kinase domain impart drug resistance, a major challenge in the clinic. A classic example is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) caused by BCR-ABL fusion protein, wherein a BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor, imatinib (IM), was highly successful in the early chronic phase of the disease, but failed in the advanced stages due to amplification of oncogene or point mutations in the drug-binding site of kinase domain. Here, by identifying critical molecular pathways responsible for the drug-resistance in refractory CML patient samples and a model cell line, we have rationally designed an endogenous protein nanomedicine targeted to both cell surface receptors and aberrantly activated secondary kinase in the oncogenic network. Molecular diagnosis revealed that, in addition to point mutations and amplification of oncogenic BCR-ABL kinase, relapsed/refractory patients exhibited significant activation of STAT5 signaling with correlative overexpression of transferrin receptors (TfR) on the cell membrane. Accordingly, we have developed a human serum albumin (HSA) based nanomedicine, loaded with STAT5 inhibitor (sorafenib), and surface conjugated the same with holo-transferrin (Tf) ligands for TfR specific delivery. This dual-targeted "transferrin conjugated albumin bound sorafenib" nanomedicine (Tf-nAlb-Soraf), prepared using aqueous nanoprecipitation method, displayed uniform spherical morphology with average size of ∼150 nm and drug encapsulation efficiency of ∼74%. TfR specific uptake and enhanced antileukemic activity of the nanomedicine was found maximum in the most drug resistant patient sample having the highest level of STAT5 and TfR expression, thereby confirming the accuracy of our rational design and potential of dual-targeting approach. The nanomedicine induced downregulation of key survival pathways such as pSTAT5 and antiapoptotic protein MCL-1 was demonstrated using immunoblotting. This study reveals that, by implementing molecular diagnosis, personalized nanomedicines can be rationally designed and nanoengineered by imparting therapeutic functionality to endogenous proteins to overcome clinically important challenges like molecular drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana P Retnakumari
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
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Okabe S, Tauchi T, Tanaka Y, Katagiri S, Ohyashiki K. Effects of the hedgehog inhibitor GDC-0449, alone or in combination with dasatinib, on BCR-ABL-positive leukemia cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2939-48. [PMID: 22642671 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh)-glioma-associated oncogene homolog (Gli) signaling is implicated in a large number of human cancers such as leukemia. In this study, we investigated the effects of the potent Hh antagonist GDC-0449 on the BCR-ABL-positive cell line OM9;22 and primary samples when leukemia cells were protected by a feeder cell line (S9 cells). The numbers of OM9;22 cells significantly increased with S9 cells. Treatment of OM9;22 cells with GDC-0449 caused cell growth inhibition and induced apoptosis. Moreover, GDC-0449 inhibited the colony growth of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive primary samples. We next investigated the effects of a combination of GDC-0449 and dasatinib on these cell lines. The growth inhibition typically promoted by dasatinib was significantly reduced in the presence of S9 cells. Treatment of Ph-positive leukemia cells with GDC-0449 and dasatinib in the presence of S9 caused significantly more cytotoxicity than that caused by each drug alone. Inhibition of Gli1 or Gli2 by siRNA transfection reduced the growth of the Ph-positive cell line K562 and increased cytotoxicity of dasatinib. Moreover, colony formations of Gli1 or Gli2 knockdown cells were also reduced. Data from this study suggest that administration of the Hh inhibitor GDC-0449 inhibits BCR-ABL-positive cell growth and enhances the cytotoxic effects of dasatinib in the presence of feeder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Okabe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Shapira S, Granot G, Mor-Tzuntz R, Raanani P, Uziel O, Lahav M, Shpilberg O. Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce telomerase activity in K562 cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 323:223-31. [PMID: 22554713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study we present the effects of nilotinib and dasatinib on telomerase activity and regulation. Nilotinib and dasatinib strongly reduced telomerase activity in BCR-ABL-positive (K562) and BCR-ABL-negative (HL60) cells, demonstrating that their effect on telomerase activity is uncoupled from their effect on BCR-ABL. Nilotinib and dasatinib caused a substantial decrease in hTERT mRNA expression. Phospho-Sp1 regulates hTERT transcription. We detected a considerable decrease in Sp1 nuclear expression and binding to the hTERT promoter following exposure to the drugs. We also detected a reduction in Map kinase, known to phosphorylate Sp1. Telomerase is also activated and translocated to the nucleus when phosphorylated by AKT. We detected a decrease in phospho-AKT and a reduction in the nuclear expression of hTERT following exposure to nilotinib and dasatinib. In conclusion, we provide evidence for transcriptional and post-translational inhibition of telomerase by nilotinib and dasatinib which is not necessarily mediated via known targets of these tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Shapira
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Hospital, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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16
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The PI3K/PKB signaling module as key regulator of hematopoiesis: implications for therapeutic strategies in leukemia. Blood 2012; 119:911-23. [PMID: 22065598 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-366203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An important mediator of cytokine signaling implicated in regulation of hematopoiesis is the PI3K/protein kinase B (PKB/c-Akt) signaling module. Constitutive activation of this signaling module has been observed in a large group of leukemias. Because activation of this signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be sufficient to induce hematologic malignancies and is thought to correlate with poor prognosis and enhanced drug resistance, it is considered to be a promising target for therapy. A high number of pharmacologic inhibitors directed against either individual or multiple components of this pathway have already been developed to improve therapy. In this review, the safety and efficacy of both single and dual-specificity inhibitors will be discussed as well as the potential of combination therapy with either inhibitors directed against other signal transduction molecules or classic chemotherapy.
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Gromicho M, Dinis J, Magalhães M, Fernandes AR, Tavares P, Laires A, Rueff J, Rodrigues AS. Development of imatinib and dasatinib resistance: dynamics of expression of drug transporters ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCG2, MVP, and SLC22A1. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:1980-90. [PMID: 21663515 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.584005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
About 20% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) do not respond to treatment with imatinib either initially or because of acquired resistance. To study the development of CML drug resistance, an in vitro experimental system comprising cell lines with different resistance levels was established by exposing K562 cells to increasing concentrations of imatinib and dasatinib anticancer agents. The mRNA levels of BCR- ABL1 and of genes involved in drug transport or redistribution (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC3, ABCG2, MVP, and SLC22A1) were measured and the ABL1 kinase domain sequenced. Results excluded BCR- ABL1 overexpression and mutations as relevant resistance mechanisms. Most studied transporters were overexpressed in the majority of resistant cell lines. Their expression pattern was dynamic: varying with resistance level and chronic drug exposure. Studied efflux transporters may have an important role at the initial stages of resistance, but after prolonged exposure and for higher doses of drugs other mechanisms might take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gromicho
- Human Molecular Genetics Research Center (CIGMH), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Zhou G, Yan X, Wu D, Kron SJ. Photocleavable peptide-conjugated magnetic beads for protein kinase assays by MALDI-TOF MS. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 21:1917-24. [PMID: 20860375 DOI: 10.1021/bc1003058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides were immobilized onto superparamagnetic beads via photocleavable linkers. This enabled simple, rapid, and label-free protein kinase assays via MALDI-TOF MS detection of substrate peptide phosphorylation. Abltide, a model substrate for the Abl protein tyrosine kinase model, was coupled onto amine-terminated beads, incubated with ATP and recombinant c-Abl kinase, and released and further detected to determine phosphorylation. Abltide phosphorylation was found to depend significantly on the length and composition of linkers to the bead surface. Inserting a diblock spacer of poly(glycine) and poly(ethylene glycol) segments markedly enhanced phosphorylation. To validate the assay, the activity of two small-molecule kinase inhibitors, imatinib and dasatinib, which target the oncogenic mutant tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), was tested. Examining inhibition of the purified c-Abl or Bcr-Abl in K562 CML cell extracts, IC(50) values were determined to be consistent with the literature. This simple, label-free, MALDI-based protein kinase assay can be readily adapted to allow multiplexed assays of multiple peptide substrates and/or analysis of alternative post-translational modifications as a tool for drug discovery and clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchang Zhou
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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19
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Efficacy of MK-0457 and in combination with vorinostat against Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Ann Hematol 2010; 89:1081-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-010-0998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ma XH, Shi Z, Tan C, Jiang Y, Go ML, Low BC, Chen YZ. In-silico approaches to multi-target drug discovery : computer aided multi-target drug design, multi-target virtual screening. Pharm Res 2010; 27:739-49. [PMID: 20221898 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Multi-target drugs against selective multiple targets improve therapeutic efficacy, safety and resistance profiles by collective regulations of a primary therapeutic target together with compensatory elements and resistance activities. Efforts have been made to employ in-silico methods for facilitating the search and design of selective multi-target agents. These methods have shown promising potential in facilitating drug discovery directed at selective multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hua Ma
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk S16, Level 8, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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21
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Fei F, Stoddart S, Müschen M, Kim YM, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N. Development of resistance to dasatinib in Bcr/Abl-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2010; 24:813-20. [PMID: 20111071 PMCID: PMC3038787 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dasatinib is a potent dual Abl/Src inhibitor approved for treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph-positive) leukemias. At a once-daily dose and a relatively short half-life of 3-5 h, tyrosine kinase inhibition is not sustained. However, transient inhibition of K562 leukemia cells with a high-dose pulse of dasatinib or long-term treatment with a lower dose was reported to irreversibly induce apoptosis. Here, the effect of dasatinib on treatment of Bcr/Abl-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells was evaluated in the presence of stromal support. Dasatinib eradicated Bcr/Abl ALL cells, caused significant apoptosis and eliminated tyrosine phosphorylation on Bcr/Abl, Src, Crkl and Stat-5. However, treatment of mouse ALL cells with lower doses of dasatinib over an extended period of time allowed the emergence of viable drug-resistant cells. Interestingly, dasatinib treatment increased cell-surface expression of CXCR4, which is important for survival of B-lineage cells, but this did not promote survival. Combined treatment of cells with dasatinib and a CXCR4 inhibitor resulted in enhanced cell death. These results do not support the concept that long-term treatment with low-dose dasatinib monotherapy will be effective in causing irreversible apoptosis in Ph-positive ALL, but suggest that combined treatment with dasatinib and drugs such as AMD3100 may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fei
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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22
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Brock A, Chang H, Huang S. Non-genetic heterogeneity--a mutation-independent driving force for the somatic evolution of tumours. Nat Rev Genet 2009; 10:336-42. [PMID: 19337290 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clonal populations of mammalian cells are inherently heterogeneous. They contain cells that display non-genetic variability resulting from gene expression noise and the fact that gene networks have multiple stable states. These stable, heritable variants within one cell type can exhibit different levels of responsiveness to environmental conditions. Hence, they could in principle serve as a temporary substrate for natural selection in the absence of mutations. We suggest that such ubiquitous but non-genetic variability can contribute to the somatic evolution of cancer cells, hence accelerating tumour progression independently of genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Brock
- Children's Hospital, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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