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Qian X, Yang H, Ye Z, Gao B, Qian Z, Ding Y, Mao Z, Du Y, Wang W. Celecoxib Augments Paclitaxel-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15864-15877. [PMID: 38829727 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that lacks effective targeted therapies. Inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells represents a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy by promoting antitumor immunity. Paclitaxel (PTX), a commonly used chemotherapy drug for TNBC, can induce ICD; however, the resulting immunogenicity is limited. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore strategies that improve the effectiveness of ICD in TNBC by incorporating immunoregulatory agents. This study investigated the potential of celecoxib (CXB) to enhance PTX-induced ICD by blocking the biosynthesis of PGE2 in the tumor cells. We observed that the combination of CXB and PTX promoted the maturation of dendritic cells and primed a T cell-dependent immune response, leading to enhanced tumor rejection in a vaccination assay. To further optimize drug delivery in vivo, we developed cRGD-modified liposomes for the targeted codelivery of CXB and PTX. This delivery system significantly improved drug accumulation and triggered robust antitumor immunity in an orthotopic mouse model of TNBC. Moreover, it served as an in situ vaccine to inhibit tumor recurrence and lung metastasis. Overall, our findings provide in-depth insights into the therapeutic mechanism underlying the combination of CXB and PTX, highlighting their potential as effective immune-based therapies for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziqiang Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingqiang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhefeng Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Consolidation Systemic Therapy in Locally Advanced, Inoperable Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer-How to Identify Patients Which Can Benefit from It? Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8316-8329. [PMID: 36354716 PMCID: PMC9689287 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consolidation systemic therapy (ST) given after concurrent radiotherapy (RT) and ST (RT-ST) is frequently practiced in locally advanced inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Little is known, however, about the fate of patients achieving different responses after concurrent phases of the treatment. METHODS we searched the English-language literature to identify full-length articles on phase II and Phase III clinical studies employing consolidation ST after initial concurrent RT-ST. We sought information about response evaluation after the concurrent phase and the outcome of these patient subgroups, the patterns of failure per response achieved after the concurrent phase as well as the outcome of these subgroups after the consolidation phase. RESULTS Eighty-seven articles have been initially identified, of which 20 studies were excluded for various reasons, leaving, therefore, a total of 67 studies for our analysis. Response evaluation after the concurrent phase was performed in 36 (54%) studies but in only 14 (21%) response data were provided, while in 34 (51%) studies patients underwent a consolidation phase regardless of the response. No study provided any outcome (survivals, patterns of failure) as per response achieved after the concurrent phase. CONCLUSIONS Information regarding the outcome of subgroups of patients achieving different responses after the concurrent phase and before the administration of the consolidation phase is still lacking. This may negatively affect the decision-making process as it remains unknown which patients may preferentially benefit from the consolidation of ST.
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Graham GG, Scott KF. Limitations of drug concentrations used in cell culture studies for understanding clinical responses of NSAIDs. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1261-1278. [PMID: 34510275 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the in vitro cellular effects of six nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), salicylate, ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, celecoxib and diclofenac, are examined. Inhibition of prostanoid synthesis in vitro generally occurs within the therapeutic range of plasma concentrations that are observed in vivo, consistent with the major action of NSAIDs being inhibition of prostanoid production. An additional probable cellular action of NSAIDs has been discovered recently, viz. decreased oxidation of the endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and arachidonyl ethanolamide. Many effects of NSAIDs, other than decreased oxidation of arachidonic acid and endocannabinoids, have been put forward but almost all of these additional processes are observed at supratherapeutic concentrations when the concentration of albumin, the major protein that binds NSAIDs, is taken into account. However, one exception is salicylate, a very potent inhibitor of the neutrophilic enzyme, myeloperoxidase, the inhibition of which leads to reduced production of the inflammatory mediator, hypochlorous acid, and inhibition of the inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry G Graham
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Kieran F Scott
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell St, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.
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Monteleone NJ, Lutz CS. miR-708-5p enhances erlotinib/paclitaxel efficacy and overcomes chemoresistance in lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4699-4721. [PMID: 33473256 PMCID: PMC7771713 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a collection of aggressive tumors generally not diagnosed until late-stage, resulting in high mortality rates. The vast majority of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergo combinatory chemotherapeutic treatment, which initially reduces tumor growth, but frequently becomes ineffective due to toxicity and resistance. Researchers have identified multiple signaling pathways involved in lung cancer chemoresistance, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). While COX-2 inhibitors have shown promise in the clinic, their use is limited due to severe side effects. One novel approach to effectively suppress COX-2 signaling is through microRNA (miRNA). MiRNAs are small-noncoding RNAs commonly misexpressed in cancer. One tumor suppressive miRNA, miR-708-5p, has been shown to repress pro-resistant signaling pathways, including COX-2 and mPGES-1. Here, we demonstrate that chemotherapies reduce COX-2 expression, possibly through induction of miR-708-5p. Moreover, combination treatment of erlotinib (ERL) or paclitaxel (PAC) with miR-708-5p enhances COX-2 and mPGES-1 protein suppression. We also show that combination chemotherapeutic and miR-708-5p treatment intensifies the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of ERL and PAC. We also created ERL and PAC resistant lung cancer cell lines, which have increased COX-2 expression and diminished miR-708-5p levels compared to naïve lung cancer cells. While ERL and PAC treatments do not alter resistant cell phenotype alone, combination treatment with miR-708-5p partially restores the chemotherapies' anti-proliferative effects and fully restores their pro-apoptotic qualities. These data suggest miR-708-5p may have potential combinatory therapeutic value to more efficaciously treat lung tumors while overcoming chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Monteleone
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical & Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Carol S Lutz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical & Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Increase Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, and Doxorubicin Efficacy against Human Cervix Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120463. [PMID: 33333716 PMCID: PMC7765098 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) celecoxib and its non-cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) analogue dimethylcelecoxib (DMC) exert a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of human cervix HeLa multi-cellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) when added either at the beginning (“preventive protocol”; IC50 = 1 ± 0.3 nM for celecoxib and 10 ± 2 nM for DMC) or after spheroid formation (“curative protocol”; IC50 = 7.5 ± 2 µM for celecoxib and 32 ± 10 µM for DMC). These NSAID IC50 values were significantly lower than those attained in bidimensional HeLa cells (IC50 = 55 ± 9 µM celecoxib and 48 ± 2 µM DMC) and bidimensional non-cancer cell cultures (3T3 fibroblasts and MCF-10A mammary gland cells with IC50 from 69 to >100 µM, after 24 h). The copper-based drug casiopeina II-gly showed similar potency against HeLa MCTS. Synergism analysis showed that celecoxib, DMC, and casiopeinaII-gly at sub-IC50 doses increased the potency of cisplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin to hinder HeLa cell proliferation through a significant abolishment of oxidative phosphorylation in bidimensional cultures, with no apparent effect on non-cancer cells (therapeutic index >3.6). Similar results were attained with bidimensional human cervix cancer SiHa and human glioblastoma U373 cell cultures. In HeLa MCTS, celecoxib, DMC and casiopeina II-gly increased cisplatin toxicity by 41–85%. These observations indicated that celecoxib and DMC used as adjuvant therapy in combination with canonical anti-cancer drugs may provide more effective alternatives for cancer treatment.
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Kawamoto H, Hara H, Araya J, Ichikawa A, Fujita Y, Utsumi H, Hashimoto M, Wakui H, Minagawa S, Numata T, Arihiro S, Matsuura T, Fujiwara M, Ito S, Kuwano K. Prostaglandin E-Major Urinary Metabolite (PGE-MUM) as a Tumor Marker for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060768. [PMID: 31163629 PMCID: PMC6627988 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is metabolized to prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite (PGE-MUM). Enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression demonstrated in lung adenocarcinoma indicates increased PGE-MUM levels in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Objectives: We aimed to elucidate the clinical usefulness of measuring PGE-MUM as an indicator of tumor burden in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: PGE-MUM was measured by a radioimmunoassay in control healthy volunteers (n = 124) and patients with lung adenocarcinoma (n = 54). Associations between PGE-MUM levels and clinical characteristics of the patients (including lung cancer stage and TNM factors (T: Tumor, N: Node, M: Metastasis) were examined. Results: PGE-MUM levels were significantly elevated in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. A PGE-MUM level of 14.9 μg/g∙Cr showed 70.4% sensitivity and 67.7% specificity for the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. PGE-MUM levels tended to be positively correlated with cancer progression as determined by the TNM staging system. Advanced stage (stage III, stage IV, and recurrence) was significantly associated with high PGE-MUM levels by logistic regression analysis. No apparent correlation was demonstrated between PGE-MUM and carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Conclusions: PGE-MUM can be a promising biomarker reflecting the systemic tumor burden of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Kawamoto
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Hara
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Ichikawa
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Utsumi
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Wakui
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Minagawa
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Takanori Numata
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Seiji Arihiro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Matsuura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
| | - Mutsunori Fujiwara
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo 150-8935, Japan.
| | - Satoru Ito
- IDAC Theranostics, Inc.; Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan.
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Yi L, Zhang W, Zhang H, Shen J, Zou J, Luo P, Zhang J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefit of celecoxib in treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2455-2466. [PMID: 30122902 PMCID: PMC6086108 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s169627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The clinical benefit of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, combined with anticancer therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. A meta-analysis was performed to address the efficacy and safety of celecoxib in patients with advanced NSCLC. Materials and methods Three databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, were systematically searched for available literature until March 1, 2018. Data on tumor response rates, one-year survival, overall survival, progression-free survival, and toxicities were extracted from the included randomized clinical trials. Subgroup analysis was carried out according to the line of treatment. Review Manager 5.3 software was applied to conduct the meta-analysis. Results A total of 7 randomized controlled trials involving 1,559 patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled for analysis. The pooled overall response rate (ORR) of celecoxib added to systemic therapy was not significantly improved (risk ratio [RR] =1.14, 95% CI =0.96–1.35, P=0.13). Additionally, no differences were observed between the celecoxib and placebo groups regarding 1-year survival (RR =0.99, 95% CI =0.88–1.12, P=0.91). Subgroup analysis showed that adding celecoxib to the first-line treatment significantly improved the ORR (RR =1.21, 95% CI =1.01–1.44, P=0.04) and partial response rate (RR =1.26, 95% CI =1.01–1.58, P=0.04). The aggregated Kaplan–Meier analysis found no significant difference between celecoxib and placebo regarding the 5-year overall survival (median, 12.9 vs 12.5 months, P=0.553) and 5-year progression-free survival (median, 7.4 vs 7.2 months, P=0.641). The increased RR of leukopenia (RR =1.25, 95% CI =1.03–1.50) and thrombocytopenia (RR =1.39, 95% CI =1.11–1.75) indicated that celecoxib increased hematologic toxicities (grade ≥III). However, celecoxib did not increase the related risks of thrombosis or embolism (RR =1.26, 95% CI =0.66–2.39) and cardiac ischemia (RR =1.16, 95% CI =0.39–3.44). Conclusion Celecoxib had no benefit on survival indices for advanced NSCLC but improved the ORR of first-line treatment. Additionally, celecoxib increased the rate of hematologic toxicities without increasing the risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Yi
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Hongman Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jingwen Zou
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
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Zhang J, He J, Zhang L. The down-regulation of microRNA-137 contributes to the up-regulation of retinoblastoma cell proliferation and invasion by regulating COX-2/PGE2 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:35-42. [PMID: 29945115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-137 (miR-137) plays an important role in the development and progression of many types of human cancers; however, the role of miR-137 in retinoblastoma (RB) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of miR-137 in RB. We reported that miR-137 was frequently down-regulated in RB tissues and cell lines. The overexpression of miR-137 inhibited RB cell proliferation and invasion, while the suppression of miR-137 promoted RB cell proliferation and invasion. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was a potential target gene of miR-137, which was validated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, our results showed that miR-137 negatively regulated the expression of COX-2 and the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RB cells. The knockdown of COX-2 suppressed the proliferation and invasion of RB cells as well as the production of PGE2. The overexpression of COX-2 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-137 overexpression on RB cell proliferation and invasion. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-137 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of RB cells by targeting COX-2/PGE2. Our study reveals a tumor suppressive role of miR-137 in the progression of RB and suggests miR-137 as a potentially effective therapeutic target for the treatment of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710077, China.
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
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Cha BK, Kim YS, Hwang KE, Cho KH, Oh SH, Kim BR, Jun HY, Yoon KH, Jeong ET, Kim HR. Celecoxib and sulindac inhibit TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppress lung cancer migration and invasion via downregulation of sirtuin 1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57213-57227. [PMID: 27528025 PMCID: PMC5302984 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) celecoxib and sulindac have been reported to suppress lung cancer migration and invasion. The class III deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) possesses both pro- and anticarcinogenic properties. However, its role in inhibition of lung cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by NSAIDs is not clearly known. We attempted to investigate the potential use of NSAIDs as inhibitors of TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells, and the underlying mechanisms of suppression of lung cancer migration and invasion by celecoxib and sulindac. We demonstrated that celecoxib and sulindac were effective in preventing TGF-β1-induced EMT, as indicated by upregulation of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin, and downregulation of mesenchymal markers and transcription factors. Moreover, celecoxib and sulindac could inhibit TGF-β1-enhanced migration and invasion of A549 cells. SIRT1 downregulation enhanced the reversal of TGF-β1-induced EMT by celecoxib or sulindac. In contrast, SIRT1 upregulation promoted TGF-β1-induced EMT. Taken together, these results indicate that celecoxib and sulindac can inhibit TGF-β1-induced EMT and suppress lung cancer cell migration and invasion via downregulation of SIRT1. Our findings implicate overexpressed SIRT1 as a potential therapeutic target to reverse TGF-β1-induced EMT and to prevent lung cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong-Ki Cha
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine 344-2 shinyong-dong Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ki-Eun Hwang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine 344-2 shinyong-dong Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Cho
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine 344-2 shinyong-dong Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Oh
- Department of Premedicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Byoung-Ryun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Hong-Young Jun
- Imaging Science Research Center, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Departments of Radiology, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Taik Jeong
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine 344-2 shinyong-dong Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Hak-Ryul Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine 344-2 shinyong-dong Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
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Zhang B, Jin K, Jiang T, Wang L, Shen S, Luo Z, Tuo Y, Liu X, Hu Y, Pang Z. Celecoxib normalizes the tumor microenvironment and enhances small nanotherapeutics delivery to A549 tumors in nude mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10071. [PMID: 28855534 PMCID: PMC5577220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Barriers presented by the tumor microenvironment including the abnormal tumor vasculature and interstitial matrix invariably lead to heterogeneous distribution of nanotherapeutics. Inspired by the close association between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor-associated angiogenesis, as well as tumor matrix formation, we proposed that tumor microenvironment normalization by COX-2 inhibitors might improve the distribution and efficacy of nanotherapeutics for solid tumors. The present study represents the first time that celecoxib, a special COX-2 inhibitor widely used in clinics, was explored to normalize the tumor microenvironment and to improve tumor nanotherapeutics delivery using a human-derived A549 tumor xenograft as the solid tumor model. Immunofluorescence staining of tumor slices demonstrated that oral celecoxib treatment at a dose of 200 mg/kg for two weeks successfully normalized the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated fibroblast reduction, fibronectin bundle disruption, tumor vessel normalization, and tumor perfusion improvement. Furthermore, it also significantly enhanced the in vivo accumulation and deep penetration of 22-nm micelles rather than 100-nm nanoparticles in tumor tissues by in vivo imaging and distribution experiments and improved the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel-loaded micelles in tumor xenograft-bearing mouse models in the pharmacodynamics experiment. As celecoxib is widely and safely used in clinics, our findings may have great potential in clinics to improve solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China
| | - Kai Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China
| | - Lanting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Shun Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Zimiao Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yanyan Tuo
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Xianping Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, PR China.
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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Takhar H, Singhal N, Mislang A, Kumar R, Kim L, Selva-Nayagam S, Pittman K, Karapetis C, Borg M, Olver IN, Brown MP. Phase II study of celecoxib with docetaxel chemoradiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy docetaxel plus cisplatin with maintenance celecoxib in inoperable stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 14:91-100. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harminder Takhar
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Nimit Singhal
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Anna Mislang
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology; Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Laurence Kim
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Sid Selva-Nayagam
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Ken Pittman
- Department of Medical Oncology; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Woodville South Australia Australia
| | - Chris Karapetis
- Department of Medical Oncology; Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Martin Borg
- Adelaide Radiotherapy Centre; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Ian N. Olver
- Sansom Institute; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Michael P. Brown
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Sansom Institute; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology; SA Pathology and University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Discipline of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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12
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Shimizu K, Okita R, Saisho S, Maeda A, Nojima Y, Nakata M. Urinary levels of prostaglandin E 2 are positively correlated with intratumoral infiltration of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1615-1620. [PMID: 28789387 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune microenvironment of primary tumors has been reported to be one of the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with cancer. The tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cell (Treg) count has previously been revealed to be positively correlated with intratumoral cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression, and was also associated with poor survival among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, the urinary levels of a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolite (PGE-M) were used as a biomarker in clinical trials of the Cox-2 inhibitor celecoxib. In the current prospective study, the association of urinary PGE2 and PGE-M levels with intratumoral Cox-2 expression and Treg count was examined in patients with NSCLC. A total of 21 patients with NSCLC who underwent complete resection of the tumor at Kawasaki Medical School Hospital (Kurashiki, Japan) were enrolled. Urine specimens were obtained prior to surgery in order to examine urinary PGE2 and PGE-M levels. A significant positive association was observed between urinary PGE2 levels and the intratumoral Treg count (P=0.023), but not the intratumoral Cox-2 expression levels. No significant associations were identified between urinary PGE2 levels and any of the other clinicopathological characteristics examined, including age, sex, smoking history, histology, tumor size, nodal status and disease stage. However, no significant association was observed between urinary PGE-M levels and the intratumoral Treg count (P=0.069) or Cox-2 expression. In conclusion, urinary PGE2 levels were positively correlated with intratumoral Treg counts in patients with NSCLC in the current study. This indicates that urinary PGE2 may be an improved biomarker, compared with PGE-M, for the prediction of intratumoral Treg numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Riki Okita
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Saisho
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Ai Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yuji Nojima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Masao Nakata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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Qiu Y, Wu C, Jiang J, Hao Y, Zhao Y, Xu J, Yu T, Ji P. Lipid-coated hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres for co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel: Preparation, sustained release, cellular uptake and pharmacokinetics. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:835-843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zeng SQ, Chen YZ, Chen Y, Liu H. Lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles for synergistic drug delivery to overcome cancer drug resistance. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02819e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Co-delivery of a chemotherapeutic drug and a drug resistance inhibitor by lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles can effectively overcome tumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Hubei Province
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources
- College of Life Sciences
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
| | - Yi-Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Hubei Province
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources
- College of Life Sciences
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Hubei Province
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources
- College of Life Sciences
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Hubei Province
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources
- College of Life Sciences
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
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15
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Zhou YY, Hu ZG, Zeng FJ, Han J. Clinical Profile of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Nine Randomized Clinical Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151939. [PMID: 27007231 PMCID: PMC4805232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence on the benefits of combining cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (COX-2) in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. We investigated the efficacy and safety profile of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in treating NSCLC. Methods The first meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed to assess the effect of COX-2 inhibitors for patients with NSCLC on the overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), one-year survival, and toxicities. The fixed-effects model was used to calculate the pooled RR and HR and between-study heterogeneity was assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the type of COX-2 inhibitors, treatment pattern, and treatment line. Results Nine randomized clinical trials, comprising 1679 patents with NSCLC, were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled ORR of patients who have NSCLC with COX-2 inhibitors was significantly higher than that without COX-2 inhibitors. In subgroup analysis, significantly increased ORR results were found on celecoxib (RR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.51), rofecoxib (RR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.28), chemotherapy (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.63), and first-line treatment (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.63). However, COX-2 inhibitors had no effect on the one-year survival, OS, and PFS. Increased RR of leucopenia (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.45) and thrombocytopenia (RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.76) suggested that COX-2 inhibitors increased hematologic toxicities (grade ≥ 3) of chemotherapy Conclusions COX-2 inhibitors increased ORR of advanced NSCLC and had no impact on survival indices, but it may increase the risk of hematologic toxicities associated with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory medicine, The first College of Clinical Medicine science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Gang Hu
- Department of Respiratory medicine, The first College of Clinical Medicine science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Jun Zeng
- Department of Respiratory medicine, The first College of Clinical Medicine science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiao Han
- Department of Respiratory medicine, The first College of Clinical Medicine science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Liu R, Zheng H, Li W, Guo Q, He S, Hirasaki Y, Hou W, Hua B, Li C, Bao Y, Gao Y, Qi X, Pei Y, Zhang Y. Anti-tumor enhancement of Fei-Liu-Ping ointment in combination with celecoxib via cyclooxygenase-2-mediated lung metastatic inflammatory microenvironment in Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft mouse model. J Transl Med 2015; 13:366. [PMID: 26597177 PMCID: PMC4656184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fei-Liu-Ping (FLP) ointment is an oral prescription medication that has been widely applied to treat lung cancer patients in China. Regulation of the metastatic microenvironment is an important therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of tumor recurrence and metastasis. The advantage of Traditional Chinese Medicine management of lung cancer lies in the prevention of recurrence and metastasis. Our previous study has demonstrated that FLP ointment could regulate lung inflammatory microenvironment in vitro. However, the effects of FLP on the tumor microenvironment in vivo are still poorly understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of FLP alone or in combination with celecoxib in the prevention of lung cancer progression by Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 mediated tumor inflammatory microenvironment in vivo. Methods 120 Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft mice were divided equally into four groups: vehicle, FLP, celecoxib, and FLP plus celecoxib. The dynamic growth of the xenografted tumors was observed using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Mice were sacrificed on day 14, day 21, and day 28, and tumor specimens and lung tissues were harvested to detect the metastasis-associated protein expression. Results Tumor inhibition rate was 15.4, 44.2, 47.4 % at day 14, 37.3, 34.7, 61.5 % at day 21, and 15.5, 10.3, 32.5 % at day 28 after treatment of FLP, celecoxib, and FLP plus celecoxib, respectively. Upon treatment of FLP and celecoxib together, lung metastasis rate was 30 % (8 metastatic nodules) lower than other groups. FLP inhibited Cox-2 expression in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, FLP inhibited N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, and Vimentin expression. Treatment of FLP in combination with celecoxib was more effective than FLP or celecoxib alone in inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor receptors β, microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin expression, but increased E-cadherin expression. Conclusions FLP inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in a Lewis lung xenograft mice model through the Cox-2 pathway. FLP in combination with celecoxib enhanced the antitumor growth and anti-metastasis effects. Traditional Chinese herbs combined with anti-inflammatory drugs might offer a promising strategy to prevent tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shulin He
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yoshiro Hirasaki
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Conghuang Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yebo Gao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yingxia Pei
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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17
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Sobolewski C, Rhim J, Legrand N, Muller F, Cerella C, Mack F, Chateauvieux S, Kim JG, Yoon AY, Kim KW, Dicato M, Diederich M. 2,5-Dimethyl-Celecoxib Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression and Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:308-28. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.225011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Hiller JG, Parat MO, Ben-Eliyahu S. The Role of Perioperative Pharmacological Adjuncts in Cancer Outcomes: Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists, NSAIDs and Anti-fibrinolytics. CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-015-0113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Reckamp KL, Koczywas M, Cristea MC, Dowell JE, Wang HJ, Gardner BK, Milne GL, Figlin RA, Fishbein MC, Elashoff RM, Dubinett SM. Randomized phase 2 trial of erlotinib in combination with high-dose celecoxib or placebo in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 2015; 121:3298-306. [PMID: 26033830 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)-dependent signaling represents a potential mechanism of resistance to therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This is mediated in part through an EGFR-independent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 promotes downregulation of E cadherin and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The current study investigated EGFR and COX-2 inhibition in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and elevated baseline urinary metabolite of PGE2 (PGEM). METHODS Patients with stage IIIB/IV (AJCC 6th edition) NSCLC who progressed after at least 1 line of therapy or refused standard chemotherapy were randomized to receive erlotinib and celecoxib versus erlotinib and placebo. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) with 80% power to detect a 50% improvement with a 1-sided significance level of .2 in the intent-to-treat and elevated baseline PGEM populations. Secondary endpoints included response rate, overall survival, and evaluation of molecular markers to assess targeting COX-2-related pathways and evaluate EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. RESULTS A total of 107 patients were enrolled with comparable baseline characteristics. Among the patients treated with celecoxib, those with wild-type EGFR were found to have an increased PFS (3.2 months vs 1.8 months; P = .03). PFS was numerically improved among patients in the intent-to-treat group who received erlotinib and celecoxib compared with those treated with erlotinib and placebo (5.4 months vs 3.5 months; P = .33) and was increased in patients in the erlotinib and celecoxib arm with elevated baseline PGEM (5.4 months vs 2.2 months; P = .15). Adverse events were similar in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS The combination of erlotinib and celecoxib did not appear to improve outcomes in an unselected population, but selection by elevated baseline PGEM led to an increase in PFS with this combination. Patients with EGFR wild-type status may benefit from the combination of erlotinib and celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Reckamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Marianna Koczywas
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Mihaela C Cristea
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jonathan E Dowell
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - He-Jing Wang
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian K Gardner
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert A Figlin
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Elashoff
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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20
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Chen W, Hu GH. Biomarkers for enhancing the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2015; 12:23-32. [PMID: 25859408 PMCID: PMC4383846 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck malignancy. The incidence of NPC is higher in Southern China and Southeast Asia compared with Western countries. Given its high radiosensitivity, the standard treatment for NPC is radiotherapy. However, radioresistance remains a serious obstacle to successful treatment. Radioresistance can cause local recurrence and distant metastases in some patients after treatment by radiation. Thus, special emphasis has been given to the discovery of effective radiosensitizers. This review aims to discuss the biomarkers, classified according to the main mechanisms of radiosensitization, which can enhance the sensitivity of NPC cells to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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21
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In situ DOX-calcium phosphate mineralized CPT-amphiphilic gelatin nanoparticle for intracellular controlled sequential release of multiple drugs. Acta Biomater 2015; 15:191-9. [PMID: 25542535 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A co-delivery strategy has been developed to achieve the synergistic effect of a hydrophobic drug (camptothecin, CPT) and a hydrophilic drug (doxorubicin, DOX) by utilizing the unique structure of amphiphilic gelatin/camptothecin @calcium phosphate-doxorubicin (AG/CPT@CaP-DOX) nanoparticles as a carriers in order to replace double emulsions while preserving the advantages of inorganic materials. The hydrophobic agent (CPT) was encapsulated via emulsion with an amphiphilic gelatin core, and subsequently mineralized by CaP-hydrophilic drug (DOX) through precipitation to form a CaP shell on the CPT-AG amphiphilic gelatin core so that drug molecules with different characteristics (i.e. hydrophobic and hydrophilic) can be encapsulated in different regions to avoid their interaction. The existence of the CaP shell can protect the DOX against free release and cause an increased transfer of DOX across membranes, overcoming multidrug resistance. Release studies from core-shell carriers showed the possibility of achieving sequential release of more than one type of drug by controlling the pH-sensitive CaP shell and degradable AG core. The highly pH-responsive behavior of the carrier can modulate the dual-drug-release of DOX/CPT, specifically in acidic intracellular pH environments. The AG/CPT@CaP-DOX nanoparticles also exhibited higher drug efficiencies against MCF-7/ADR cells than MCF-7 cells, thanks to a synergistic cell cycle arrest/apoptosis-inducing effect between CPT and DOX. As such, this core-shell system can serve as a general platform for the localized, controlled, sequential delivery of multiple drugs to treat several diseases, especially for multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
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22
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Banno K, Iida M, Yanokura M, Irie H, Masuda K, Kobayashi Y, Tominaga E, Aoki D. Drug repositioning for gynecologic tumors: a new therapeutic strategy for cancer. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:341362. [PMID: 25734181 PMCID: PMC4334926 DOI: 10.1155/2015/341362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The goals of drug repositioning are to find a new pharmacological effect of a drug for which human safety and pharmacokinetics are established and to expand the therapeutic range of the drug to another disease. Such drug discovery can be performed at low cost and in the short term based on the results of previous clinical trials. New drugs for gynecologic tumors may be found by drug repositioning. For example, PPAR ligands may be effective against ovarian cancer, since PPAR activation eliminates COX-2 expression, arrests the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis. Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, is effective for endometrial cancer through inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway by activating LKB1-AMPK and reduction of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 due to AMPK activation. COX-2 inhibitors for cervical cancer may also be examples of drug repositioning. PGE2 is induced in the arachidonate cascade by COX-2. PGE2 maintains high expression of COX-2 and induces angiogenic factors including VEGF and bFGF, causing carcinogenesis. COX-2 inhibitors suppress these actions and inhibit carcinogenesis. Combination therapy using drugs found by drug repositioning and current anticancer drugs may increase efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions. Thus, drug repositioning may become a key approach for gynecologic cancer in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Megumi Yanokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Haruko Irie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Kenta Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tominaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
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A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, biomarker-selected, phase 2 study of apricoxib in combination with erlotinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 9:577-82. [PMID: 24736085 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and may promote resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. This randomized phase 2 trial evaluated apricoxib, a novel COX-2 inhibitor, in combination with erlotinib in biomarker-selected patients. Patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were randomized (2:1) to 400 mg/day apricoxib plus 150 mg/day erlotinib (AP/E) or placebo plus erlotinib (P/E) in 21-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was time to progression (TTP). A decrease of 50% or more from baseline urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite after a 5-day, open-label, run-in period was used to select eligible patients. One hundred twenty patients (median age 64 years) were randomized (78 to AP/E and 42 to P/E). Overall median TTP was 1.8 months in the AP/E group and 2.1 months in the P/E group, with a 12% objective response rate in both groups (intent-to-treat analysis). A subgroup analysis in patients aged 65 years or younger demonstrated a statistically significant TTP benefit for AP/E (hazard ratio 0.5 [95% confidence interval: not applicable-0.9]; p=0.018) and overall survival advantage at minimum 1-year follow-up (median 12.2 versus 4.0 months; hazard ratio=0.5; p=0.021). The most common adverse events were rash, diarrhea, fatigue, and nausea. Toxicity contributed to early discontinuations in patients aged more than 65 years treated with AP/E. This is the first randomized placebo-controlled study of a COX-2 inhibitor in NSCLC to use a prospective patient-selection strategy. Although AP/E seemed to improve TTP and overall survival in a subset of patients aged 65 years or younger, the primary endpoint of the trial was not met.
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Effects of SC-560 in combination with cisplatin or taxol on angiogenesis in human ovarian cancer xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19265-80. [PMID: 25342321 PMCID: PMC4227273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151019265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor, SC-560, combined with cisplatin or taxol, on angiogenesis in human ovarian cancer xenografts. Mice were treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of SC-560 6 mg/kg/day, i.p. injections of cisplatin 3 mg/kg every other day and i.p. injections of taxol 20 mg/kg once a week for 21 days. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); microvessel density (MVD) was determined by immunohistochemistry; and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were determined using ELISA. Expression levels of VEGF mRNA and MVD in treatment groups were inhibited significantly when compared with the control group (p < 0.05 for all), and SC-560 combined with cisplatin displayed a greater reduction in the expression of VEGF and MVD than SC-560 or cisplatin alone (p < 0.05). SC-560 combined with taxol showed a greater inhibition on VEGF mRNA expression than SC-560 or taxol alone (p < 0.05). The level of PGE2 in treatment groups was significantly reduced when compared with the control group (p < 0.01 for all). These findings may indicate that cisplatin or taxol supplemented by SC-560 in human ovarian cancer xenografts enhances the inhibition effect of cisplatin or taxol alone on angiogenesis.
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Wang D, DuBois RN. PPARδ and PGE 2 signaling pathways communicate and connect inflammation to colorectal cancer. INFLAMMATION AND CELL SIGNALING 2014; 1. [PMID: 26290896 DOI: 10.14800/ics.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that is involved in fatty acid metabolism, obesity, wound healing, inflammation, and cancer. Despite decades of research, the role of PPARδ in inflammation and colorectal cancer remains unclear and somewhat controversial. Our recent work presented the first genetic evidence demonstrating that PPARδ is required for chronic colonic inflammation and colitis-associated carcinogenesis. We also found that a PPARδ downstream pathway, namely the COX-2-derived PGE2 signaling, mediated crosstalk between tumor epithelial cells and macrophages to promote chronic inflammation and colitis-associated tumor genesis. In this brief review, we summarize recent studies on the role of PPARδ in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) and highlight recent advances in our understanding of how PPARδ and COX-2-drevided PGE2 signaling coordinately promote chronic colonic inflammation and colitis-associate tumorigenesis. Elucidating the role of PPARδ in inflammation and CRC may provide a rationale for development of PPARδ antagonists as new therapeutic agents in treatment of IBD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Laboratory for Inflammation and Cancer, the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Laboratory for Inflammation and Cancer, the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 ; Department of Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
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Liu L, Zhou F, Ren S, Chen X, Li X, Li W, Zhou C. Prognostic value of cyclooxygenase-2 gene polymorphisms in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2014; 12:e339-46. [PMID: 25131817 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in cell apoptosis, angiogenesis and tumor invasion, and over-expression of COX-2 is associated with tumor development and occurrence. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between COX-2 polymorphisms and clinical outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS A total of 190 patients with IIIB or IV NSCLC who received platinum-based chemotherapy were recruited in this study. Four functional COX-2 polymorphisms, including rs689465, rs689466, rs3218625 and rs20417, were genotyped by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to compare survival by different genotypes. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify independently significant variables. RESULTS The rs689465 AA genotype was significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS) (13.0 months vs 8.8 months, P = 0.019 for log-rank test; hazard ratio [HR] 0.624; 95% confidence internal [CI] 0.418-0.931) and progression-free survival (5.3 months vs 4.0 months, P = 0.018 for log-rank test; HR 0.627; 95% CI 0.421-0.934) compared with AG or GG genotype, especially in patients with adenocarcinoma (P = 0.002), performance status of 1 (P = 0.009) and stage IV disease (P = 0.012), and treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy (P = 0.012). Multivariate regression analysis showed that COX-2 rs689465 polymorphism had a significantly independent prognostic value for OS (P = 0.017, HR = 1.637, 95% CI = 1.093-2.453). CONCLUSION Our study suggested that rs689465 polymorphism could be a prognostic biomarker for advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sadhukha T, Prabha S. Encapsulation in nanoparticles improves anti-cancer efficacy of carboplatin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1029-38. [PMID: 24831091 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor cellular uptake contributes to high dose requirement and limited therapeutic efficacy of the platinum-based anticancer drug carboplatin. Delivery systems that can improve the cellular accumulation of carboplatin will, therefore, likely improve its therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate nanoparticles composed of the biodegradable polymer, poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide), for carboplatin delivery to tumor cells. Carboplatin-loaded nanoparticles were formulated by double emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Nanoparticles demonstrated sustained release of carboplatin over 7 days. Cellular uptake of carboplatin encapsulated in nanoparticles was several fold higher than that with free carboplatin in A549 (lung) and MA148 (ovarian) tumor cells. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that encapsulation of carboplatin in nanoparticles resulted in a remarkable reduction in the IC50 of carboplatin in several cell lines (up to 280-fold in some cells). Confocal microscopic analysis revealed the presence of carboplatin nanoparticles in several cellular compartments including lysosomes, cytoplasm, and the nucleus. These results demonstrate an enhanced cellular uptake of carboplatin through encapsulation in PLGA nanoparticles and suggest that improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity may be achieved with this approach.
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Fujii R, Imanishi Y, Shibata K, Sakai N, Sakamoto K, Shigetomi S, Habu N, Otsuka K, Sato Y, Watanabe Y, Ozawa H, Tomita T, Kameyama K, Fujii M, Ogawa K. Restoration of E-cadherin expression by selective Cox-2 inhibition and the clinical relevance of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:40. [PMID: 24887090 PMCID: PMC4030015 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by the downregulation of E-cadherin has been thought to promote metastasis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is presumed to contribute to cancer progression through its multifaceted function, and recently its inverse relationship with E-cadherin was suggested. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether selective Cox-2 inhibitors restore the expression of E-cadherin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells, and to examine the possible correlations of the expression levels of EMT-related molecules with clinicopathological factors in HNSCC. METHODS We used quantitative real-time PCR to examine the effects of three selective Cox-2 inhibitors, i.e., celecoxib, NS-398, and SC-791 on the gene expressions of E-cadherin (CDH-1) and its transcriptional repressors (SIP1, Snail, Twist) in the human HNSCC cell lines HSC-2 and HSC-4. To evaluate the changes in E-cadherin expression on the cell surface, we used a flowcytometer and immunofluorescent staining in addition to Western blotting. We evaluated and statistically analyzed the clinicopathological factors and mRNA expressions of Cox-2, CDH-1 and its repressors in surgical specimens of 40 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). RESULTS The selective Cox-2 inhibitors upregulated the E-cadherin expression on the cell surface of the HNSCC cells through the downregulation of its transcriptional repressors. The extent of this effect depended on the baseline expression levels of both E-cadherin and Cox-2 in each cell line. A univariate analysis showed that higher Cox-2 mRNA expression (p = 0.037), lower CDH-1 mRNA expression (p = 0.020), and advanced T-classification (p = 0.036) were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in TSCC. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that lower CDH-1 mRNA expression was the independent risk factor affecting lymph node metastasis (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the appropriately selective administration of certain Cox-2 inhibitors may have an anti-metastatic effect through suppression of the EMT by restoring E-cadherin expression. In addition, the downregulation of CDH-1 resulting from the EMT may be closely involved in lymph node metastasis in TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yorihisa Imanishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Searle EJ, Illidge TM, Stratford IJ. Emerging opportunities for the combination of molecularly targeted drugs with radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:266-76. [PMID: 24602563 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent drug discovery developments in the field of small molecule targeted agents have led to much interest in combining these with radiotherapy. There are good preclinical data to suggest this approach worthy of investigation and in this review we discuss how this has translated into recent clinical trials. The outcome of clinical trials investigating radiotherapy/targeted drug combinations published in the last 5 years is discussed, as are trials in progress. The perceived future opportunities and challenges in the development of this exciting area are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Searle
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - T M Illidge
- Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I J Stratford
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Thromboxane synthase expression and correlation with VEGF and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:747-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kim HJ, Yim GW, Nam EJ, Kim YT. Synergistic Effect of COX-2 Inhibitor on Paclitaxel-Induced Apoptosis in the Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line OVCAR-3. Cancer Res Treat 2014; 46:81-92. [PMID: 24520227 PMCID: PMC3918531 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Celecoxib, a highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, regulates apoptosis of several types of human cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether celecoxib in combination with paclitaxel modulates apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and to identify the signal pathway by which celecoxib mediates apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS OVCAR-3 cells were exposed to paclitaxel (20 µM) in the absence or presence of celecoxib (10 µM). Cell viability was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin-V/7-aminoactinomycin D staining and a cellular DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Caspase-3, -9, and cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) were determined by western blotting. Expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Akt activation were assessed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS Celecoxib enhanced paclitaxel-induced growth inhibition of OVCAR-3 cells. Celecoxib significantly increased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of OVCAR-3 cells. Pretreatment with celecoxib also increased activation of caspase-9, -3 and cleaved PARP following paclitaxel-treatment. Exposure of OVCAR-3 cells to celecoxib in combination with paclitaxel resulted in downregulation of NF-κB activation and VEGF expression. Furthermore, combining celecoxib and paclitaxel inhibited phosphorylation of Akt. CONCLUSION OVCAR-3 cells were sensitized to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis by celecoxib through downregulation of NF-κB and Akt activation, suggesting that celecoxib may work synergistically with paclitaxel to inhibit different targets and ultimately produce anticancer effects. Combining celecoxib with paclitaxel may prove beneficial in the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Won Yim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Nam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Approximately one third of patients with non-small cell lung cancer have unresectable stage IIIA or stage IIIB disease; combined cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy delivered concurrently has been established as the standard treatment for such patients. Despite many clinical trials that tested several different radiochemotherapy combinations, it seems that a plateau of efficiencies at the acceptable risk of complications has been reached. Clinical studies indicate that the improved efficacy of radiochemotherapy is associated with the radiosensitizing effects of chemotherapy. Improvement of outcomes of this combined modality by developing novel radiosensitizers is a viable therapeutic strategy. In addition to causing cell death, ionizing radiation also induces a many-faceted signaling response, which activates numerous prosurvival pathways that lead to enhanced proliferation in the endothelial cells and increased vascularization in tumors. Radiation at doses used in the clinic activates cytoplasmic phospholipase A2, leading to increased production of arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine. The former is the initial step in the generation of eicosanoids, while the later is the initial step in the formation of lysophosphatidic acid, leading to the activation of inflammatory pathways. The echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) is member of the insulin superfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases. The EML4-ALK fusion gene appears unique to lung cancer and signals through extracellular signal regulated kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is often overexpressed and present in an activated multichaperone complex in cancer cells, and it is now regarded as essential for malignant transformation and progression. In this review we focus on radiosensitizing strategies involving the targeting of membrane phospholipids, EML4-ALK, and Hsp90 with specific inhibitors and briefly discuss the combination of radiation with antivascular agents.
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Abstract
Cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and targeted therapies are the keys to success in better cancer control and treatment. A big challenge remains to identify biomarkers for predicting who may have higher cancer risk and are able to respond to certain chemopreventive agents as well as for assessing a patient's response during treatment. Although a large body of evidence indicates that chronic inflammation is a risk factor for cancer, it is unclear whether inflammatory biomarkers can be used to predict cancer risk, progression, and death. Considering the importance of the proinflammatory COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in inflammation and cancer, Morris and colleagues found that urinary PGE-M is positively associated with obesity, smoking, and lung metastases in patients with breast cancer (4). Along the same lines, Kim and colleagues showed a potential association between urinary PGE-M and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women (beginning on page 511). In agreement with previous reports, their findings indicate that urinary PGE-M may serve as a promising biomarker for prognosticating cancer risk and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Center of Inflammation and Cancer, Biodesign Institute of Arizona State University, 727 E. Tyler Street, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Sechler M, Cizmic AD, Avasarala S, Van Scoyk M, Brzezinski C, Kelley N, Bikkavilli RK, Winn RA. Non-small-cell lung cancer: molecular targeted therapy and personalized medicine - drug resistance, mechanisms, and strategies. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2013; 6:25-36. [PMID: 23690695 PMCID: PMC3656464 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s26058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapies for cancer bring the hope of specific treatment, providing high efficacy and in some cases lower toxicity than conventional treatment. Although targeted therapeutics have helped immensely in the treatment of several cancers, like chronic myelogenous leukemia, colon cancer, and breast cancer, the benefit of these agents in the treatment of lung cancer remains limited, in part due to the development of drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of drug resistance and the current strategies used to treat lung cancer. A better understanding of these drug-resistance mechanisms could potentially benefit from the development of a more robust personalized medicine approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Sechler
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA ; Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Felgenhauer JL, Nieder ML, Krailo MD, Bernstein ML, Henry DW, Malkin D, Baruchel S, Chuba PJ, Sailer SL, Brown K, Ranganathan S, Marina N. A pilot study of low-dose anti-angiogenic chemotherapy in combination with standard multiagent chemotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: A Children's Oncology Group (COG) Phase II study NCT00061893. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:409-14. [PMID: 23065953 PMCID: PMC4583823 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility of the combination of low dose, anti-angiogenic chemotherapy with standard therapy for patients with metastatic Ewing sarcoma (ES), and to obtain preliminary outcome data. PROCEDURES Patients with metastatic ES were eligible. Therapy consisted of alternating cycles of ifosfamide-etoposide, and vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide. Vinblastine and celecoxib were concomitantly administered. Surgical, radiotherapeutic, or combination local control therapy was given per institutional preference. RESULTS Thirty-five eligible patients were enrolled. Ninety percent received at least 75% of planned vinblastine/celecoxib doses. There was no excess of neurologic, infectious, hemorrhagic, or cardiovascular toxicities. However, 7 of 21 patients who received pulmonary irradiation prior to experiencing pulmonary toxicity did develop grade 2 or greater pulmonary toxicity, including two deaths of apparent radiation pneumonitis. Fourteen of 16 patients with pelvic disease received local irradiation. Hemorrhagic cystitis developed in six patients, five of whom had received pelvic irradiation. The overall 24-month event free survival was 35% (19-51%); 71% (26-92%) for the seven with isolated pulmonary metastases, 26% (10-45%) for all others. CONCLUSION The combination of vinblastine/celecoxib metronomic therapy with standard ES treatment was feasible according to the protocol definitions. However, excess toxicity in irradiated areas was noted and limits the usefulness of this protocol. The 24-month EFS for those with isolated pulmonary metastases is better than historical controls, although the number of patient number is small, follow up short and we are lacking contemporaneous controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Felgenhauer
- Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital, Spokane, Washington 99202, USA.
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Li W, Tang YX, Wan L, Cai JH, Zhang J. Effects of combining Taxol and cyclooxygenase inhibitors on the angiogenesis and apoptosis in human ovarian cancer xenografts. Oncol Lett 2012; 5:923-928. [PMID: 23426648 PMCID: PMC3576189 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the combined effects of Taxol and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors on angiogenesis and cell apoptosis of SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cell xenograft-bearing mice. The experiments were continued for 28 days. Animals were treated with 3 mg/kg SC-560 (a COX-1-selective inhibitor) alone, 100 mg/kg celecoxib (a COX-2-selective inhibitor) alone or SC-560/celecoxib by gavage twice a day, 20 mg/kg Taxol alone intraperitoneally once a week or in combination with SC-560 or celecoxib or SC-560/celecoxib/Taxol for three weeks. The mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The microvessel density (MVD) of ovarian carcinoma was determined by immunohistochemistry with anti-CD34 as the label. The apoptotic index was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The MVD value and apoptotic index in the SC-560/Taxol group were notably inhibited compared with the Taxol group (P<0.001). Moreover, the VEGF mRNA levels, MVD value and apoptotic index in the SC-560/Taxol group were significantly different from the celecoxib/Taxol group (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). The present study demonstrated that SC-560 enhances the anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects of Taxol and these effects are better than with celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing Medical University of Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Abstract
Over the past decade, concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy has become the established treatment for patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, many patients with NSCLC are too old or have multiple comorbidities to withstand such aggressive treatments. Attempts to improve outcomes have included studies of radiotherapy dose escalation and new chemotherapy combinations, as well as adding biological agents and cancer vaccines to existing regimens. Technical radiotherapy modifications, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy and particle beam therapy, have also been investigated. Given the number of potential advances to current models of treatment development, phase III trials of any single new treatment can take years to complete, which is inadequate. To advance research within shorter timescales to improve patient outcomes, we need methods of improving clinical trial accrual, which might require changes in models of research governance, cooperative group activity, trial design and patient consent.
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Sung S, Park Y, Jo JR, Jung NK, Song DK, Bae J, Keum DY, Kim JB, Park GY, Jang BC, Park JW. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in NCI-H292 human alveolar epithelial carcinoma cells: roles of p38 MAPK, ERK-1/2, and PI3K/PKB signaling proteins. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3015-24. [PMID: 21678473 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests overexpression of COX-2 and its role in many human cancers, including lung. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying COX-2 overexpression in lung cancer is not fully understood. We herein investigated whether COX-2 is overexpressed in human airway cancer cell lines, including A549 (lung), Hep-2 (bronchial), and NCI-H292 (alveolar). When grown in cell culture medium containing 10% FBS (serum), of note, there was strong and transient induction of COX-2 protein and mRNA in NCI-H292 cells, but little or low COX-2 expression is seen in A549 or Hep-2 cells. Interestingly, strong and sustained activities of ERK-1/2, JNK-1/2, p38 MAPK, and PKB were also shown in NCI-H292 cells grown in presence of serum. Profoundly, results of pharmacological inhibition studies demonstrated that the serum-dependent COX-2 up-regulation in NCI-H292 cells is attributed to not only the p38 MAPK-, PI3K/PKB-, and ERK-1/2-mediated COX-2 transcriptional up-regulation but also the p38 MAPK- and ERK-1/2-mediated post-transcriptional COX-2 mRNA stabilization. Of further note, it was shown that the ERK-1/2 and PI3K/PKB (but not COX-2, p38 MAPK, and JNK-1/2) activities are necessary for growth of NCI-H292 cells. These findings collectively demonstrate for the first time that COX-2 expression is transiently up-regulated by serum addition in NCI-H292 cells and the serum-induced COX-2 expression is closely linked to the p38 MAPK-, ERK-1/2-, and PI3K/PKB-mediated COX-2 transcriptional and post-transcriptional up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaeng Sung
- Department of Medical Genetic Engineering, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1000 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea
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Komaki R, Wei X, Allen PK, Liao Z, Milas L, Cox JD, O'Reilly MS, Chang JY, McAleer MF, Jeter M, Blumenschein GR, Kies MS. Phase I study of celecoxib with concurrent irinotecan, Cisplatin, and radiation therapy for patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2011; 1:52. [PMID: 22649768 PMCID: PMC3355954 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2011.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Preclinical findings suggest that adding targeted therapies to combination radiation-chemotherapy can enhance treatment efficacy; however, this approach may enhance normal tissue toxicity. We investigated the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities, and response rate when the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib is added to concurrent irinotecan, cisplatin, and radiation therapy for patients with inoperable stage II–III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods and Materials: Eighteen patients were analyzed in a phase I clinical dose-escalation trial. Celecoxib was given daily beginning 5 days before radiation followed by maintenance doses for 12 weeks. Toxicity was graded with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V3.0 and response with the World Health Organization system. Primary endpoints were maximum tolerated dose of celecoxib and treatment toxicity; secondary endpoints were response and survival rates. Results: The maximum tolerated dose of celecoxib was not reached, in part owing to discontinuation of the drug supply. At doses of 200 or 400 mg/day, no patients experienced any dose-limiting toxicity (acute grade ≥4 esophagitis or pneumonitis, neutropenic fever or thrombocytopenia requiring transfusion, or acute grade ≥3 diarrhea). Grade 3 toxicities were leukopenia (five patients), fatigue (3), pneumonitis (2), dyspnea (1), pain (1), and esophageal stricture (1). Interestingly, pulmonary fibrosis (a late toxicity) was no more severe in the higher-dose (400-mg) group and may have been less common than in the lower-dose group. The clinical response rate was 100% (8 complete, 10 partial). Two-year rates were: overall survival 65%; local-regional control 69%; distant metastasis-free survival 71%; and disease-free survival 64%. Conclusion: Although preliminary, our results suggest that adding celecoxib to concurrent chemoradiation for inoperable NSCLC is safe and can improve outcome without increasing normal tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Komaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA
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Preoperative taxane-based chemotherapy and celecoxib for carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction: results of a phase 2 trial. J Thorac Oncol 2011; 6:1121-7. [PMID: 21532508 PMCID: PMC7457227 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31821529a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to determine the rate of pathological response after preoperative celecoxib and concurrent taxane-based chemotherapy in patients with cancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. METHODS Thirty-nine patients were enrolled in this single-arm, phase II clinical trial. Patients were administered daily celecoxib in combination with two to three cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel with preoperative intent. Levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in resected tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical outcome measures. Postoperatively, patients were administered daily celecoxib for 1 year or until documented tumor recurrence. RESULTS All patients received two to three cycles of chemotherapy plus celecoxib 800 mg/d. Toxicities were as expected. A major clinical response (complete response + partial response) was noted in 22 patients (56%); six patients (15%) had a complete clinical response. Thirty-seven patients underwent esophagectomy. Five patients had a major pathological response (12.8%). Four-year overall and disease-free survivals were 40.9% and 30.3%, respectively. Patients with tumors expressing COX-2 demonstrated a higher likelihood of a major clinical response response (62% versus 50%) and an improved overall survival, compared with patients with COX-2-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative celecoxib with concurrent chemotherapy demonstrated sufficient effect on pathologic response to warrant further study. Patients with tumors expressing COX-2 demonstrated trends toward improved response to preoperative therapy and improved overall survival compared with nonexpressors.
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COX-derived prostanoid pathways in gastrointestinal cancer development and progression: novel targets for prevention and intervention. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1825:49-63. [PMID: 22015819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolism through cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways leads to the generation of biologically active eicosanoids. Eicosanoid expression levels vary during development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. COX-2 is the major COX-isoform responsible for G.I. cancer development/progression. COX-2 expression increases during progression from a normal to cancerous state. Evidence from observational studies has demonstrated that chronic NSAID use reduces the risk of cancer development, while both incidence and risk of death due to G.I. cancers were significantly reduced by daily aspirin intake. A number of randomized controlled trials (APC trial, Prevention of Sporadic Adenomatous Polyps trial, APPROVe trial) have also shown a significant protective effect in patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors. However, chronic use of selective COX-2 inhibitors at high doses was associated with increased cardiovascular risk, while NSAIDs have also been associated with increased risk. More recently, downstream effectors of COX-signaling have been investigated in cancer development/progression. PGE(2), which binds to both EP and PPAR receptors, is the major prostanoid implicated in the carcinogenesis of G.I. cancers. The role of TXA(2) in G.I. cancers has also been examined, although further studies are required to uncover its role in carcinogenesis. Other prostanoids investigated include PGD(2) and its metabolite 15d-PGJ2, PGF(1α) and PGI(2). Targeting these prostanoids in G.I. cancers has the promise of avoiding cardiovascular toxicity associated with chronic selective COX-2 inhibition, while maintaining anti-tumor reactivity. A progressive sequence from normal to pre-malignant to a malignant state has been identified in G.I. cancers. In this review, we will discuss the role of the COX-derived prostanoids in G.I. cancer development and progression. Targeting these downstream prostanoids for chemoprevention and/or treatment of G.I. cancers will also be discussed. Finally, we will highlight the latest pre-clinical technologies as well as avenues for future investigation in this highly topical research field.
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Xue WP, Bai SM, Luo M, Bi ZF, Liu YM, Wu SK. Phase I clinical trial of nasopharyngeal radiotherapy and concurrent celecoxib for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:753-7. [PMID: 21708478 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the incidence of acute toxicity of concurrent cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) plus radiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Thirty-four patients received an accumulated radiation dose of 72-76Gy in 36-38 fractions to the primary lesion and 60Gy in 30 fractions to cervical lymph-node lesions. Palpable residual nodes were boosted to 70Gy at the 90% isodose level with an electron field. Celecoxib was administered at escalating doses of 400, 600, and 800mg/day, starting 3days before the first fraction of radiotherapy and continuing throughout the course of radiotherapy. The majority of toxicities were grade 1, with mucositis and weight loss most frequently observed (28 of 34, 82.4%), followed by dermatitis (27 of 34, 79.4%) and otitis (14 of 34, 41.2%). The toxicities were not related to celecoxib dose (all P>0.05). Stomach pain was considered related to celecoxib, which developed in 2 patients at doses of 400mg and 800mg/day. No grade-3 or -4 toxicities or episodes of toxic death occurred. The tumors in 31 patients (31/34, 91.2%) showed a complete response, and 3 patients (3/34, 8.8%) had partial responses. The actuarial local progression-free survival was 96.6% at 1year, and the 2year overall survival rate was 84.6%. Celecoxib can be safely administered concurrently with nasopharyngeal radiotherapy at doses up to 800mg/day. The tumors responded well to treatment warranting further assessment in a phase II trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Xue
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, China.
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Suzuki K, Kachala SS, Kadota K, Shen R, Mo Q, Beer DG, Rusch VW, Travis WD, Adusumilli PS. Prognostic immune markers in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:5247-56. [PMID: 21659461 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated immune responses have polarized effects in regulating tumor growth. Although a clear association has been shown between the tumor immune response and clinical outcome in colorectal and ovarian cancers, the role of immune markers for stratifying prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is less defined. Herein, we review the prognostic significance of published immune markers in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood of NSCLC patients. To identify prognostic immune genes, we reviewed all published gene-profiling studies in NSCLC and delineated the significance of immune genes by doing subanalysis on the microarray database of the NIH Director's Challenge study. This first comprehensive review of prognostic immune markers provides a foundation for further investigating immune responses in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Suzuki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Legge F, Paglia A, D'Asta M, Fuoco G, Scambia G, Ferrandina G. Phase II study of the combination carboplatin plus celecoxib in heavily pre-treated recurrent ovarian cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:214. [PMID: 21627839 PMCID: PMC3123659 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression is associated with poor outcome and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. We evaluated the antitumor activity and safety of the combination carboplatin plus the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in recurrent heavily-treated OC patients. Methods Patients were administered oral celecoxib (400 mg/day) in combination with intravenous carboplatin (AUC5, q28). A Simon's two-stage design was employed. Results 45 patients were enrolled: 23 (51.1%) presented platinum-resistance, and 27 (60%) had received at least 3 prior regimens for recurrence. The response rate was 28.9% with 3 complete and 10 partial responses (median duration of response = 6 months). Only one (0.4%) G4 non-febrile neutropenia was observed; G3 neutropenia, anemia, or thrombocytopenia, were observed in 2.5%, 1.7%, and 1.7% of the cycles, respectively. G3-4 vomiting was reported in only 1.7%, and 0.4% of the cycles were associated with G3 dyspepsia or diarrhea or constipation. Only one patient experienced G3 hypertension associated to G2 hypersensitivity reaction. No differences in baseline versus post-treatment Quality of Life scores were observed. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 5 and 13 months, respectively. Conclusions Celecoxib combined with carboplatin showed promising activity and it is well tolerated in heavily-treated recurrent ovarian cancer patients. Trial registration number NCT01124435 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier) and 935/03 (study ID numbers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Legge
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Catholic University of Campobasso, Italy
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Cathcart MC, Gately K, Cummins R, Kay E, O'Byrne KJ, Pidgeon GP. Examination of thromboxane synthase as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:25. [PMID: 21388528 PMCID: PMC3074522 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thromboxane synthase (TXS) metabolises prostaglandin H2 into thromboxanes, which are biologically active on cancer cells. TXS over-expression has been reported in a range of cancers, and associated with a poor prognosis. TXS inhibition induces cell death in-vitro, providing a rationale for therapeutic intervention. We aimed to determine the expression profile of TXS in NSCLC and if it is prognostic and/or a survival factor in the disease. Methods TXS expression was examined in human NSCLC and matched controls by western analysis and IHC. TXS metabolite (TXB2) levels were measured by EIA. A 204-patient NSCLC TMA was stained for COX-2 and downstream TXS expression. TXS tissue expression was correlated with clinical parameters, including overall survival. Cell proliferation/survival and invasion was examined in NSCLC cells following both selective TXS inhibition and stable TXS over-expression. Results TXS was over-expressed in human NSCLC samples, relative to matched normal controls. TXS and TXB2 levels were increased in protein (p < 0.05) and plasma (p < 0.01) NSCLC samples respectively. TXS tissue expression was higher in adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001) and female patients (p < 0.05). No significant correlation with patient survival was observed. Selective TXS inhibition significantly reduced tumour cell growth and increased apoptosis, while TXS over-expression stimulated cell proliferation and invasiveness, and was protective against apoptosis. Conclusion TXS is over-expressed in NSCLC, particularly in the adenocarcinoma subtype. Inhibition of this enzyme inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis. Targeting thromboxane synthase alone, or in combination with conventional chemotherapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Clare Cathcart
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Health Sciences Centre, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Li F, Liu Y, Chen H, Liao D, Shen Y, Xu F, Wang J. EGFR and COX-2 protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer and the correlation with clinical features. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2011; 30:27. [PMID: 21385353 PMCID: PMC3063193 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the expression of EGFR and COX-2 and their correlation with prognosis in NSCLC Methods The paraffin embedded tumor samples of 50 NSCLC patients receiving radical resection were analyzed immunohistochemically for EGFR and COX-2 expression and their prognostic values were explored. Results The positive rate of EGFR protein in NSCLC tumor cells was 46%, which was significantly higher than its expression in normal lung (p = 0.0234) and paracancerous tissues (p = 0.020). EGFR expression was significantly higher in nodal positive than in nodal negative patients (p = 0.04). The mean survival time for EGFR positive patients (31 months) was significantly lower than that for patients with EGFR negative expression (48 months) (p = 0.008,). In patients receiving post-operation thoracic irradiation, the mean survival time for EGFR positive patients was significantly lower than that for patients without EGFR positive expression (25 vs. 48 months, P = 0.004). The positive rate of COX-2 protein expression in NSCLC tumor cells was 90%, which was significantly higher than that in normal tissue(p = 0.00) and paracancerous tissue (p = 0.00). There was no correlation between COX-2 expression and patient survival, and no correlation between COX-2 and EGFR protein expression (P = 0.555). Conclusions COX-2 and EGFR are over-expressed in NSCLC. EGFR is an independent prognostic factor and a predictive factor for radiotherapy response in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Radiation Oncology, Tumor Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
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Phase I/II Trial of a COX-2 Inhibitor With Limited Field Radiation for Intermediate Prognosis Patients Who Have Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0213. Clin Lung Cancer 2011; 12:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Aziz A, Lessard A, Moore K, Hovington H, Latulippe E, Larue H, Fradet Y, Lacombe L. Improved cancer specific-survival in patients with carcinoma invading bladder muscle expressing cyclo-oxygenase-2. BJU Int 2010; 108:531-7. [PMID: 21166751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Study Type - Prognosis (case series). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 has an influence on survival and on the response to chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A population of 266 patients from a tertiary university centre with carcinoma invading bladder muscle without evidence of metastasis at time of cystectomy was analyzed retrospectively. COX-2 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically with a monoclonal anti-COX-2 antibody. All pertinent clinical and pathological parameters were reviewed and correlated with risk factors influencing outcome, including disease-specific and overall survival, as well as COX-2 expression. Immunoreactivity was categorized as positive if COX-2 staining was present in >5% tumour cells. RESULTS The expression of COX-2 was not influenced by tumour stage, grade or nodal status, nor any other parameters. The risk factors that influenced disease-specific survival in carcinoma invading bladder muscle on multivariate analysis were lymph node status (hazards ratio, HR = 2.46 for N1, P = 0.001, HR = 2.90 for N2, P < 0.001, HR = 5.19 for N3, P = 0.012), use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 3.54; P= 0.004) or adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 0.57, P = 0.014) and COX-2 expression (HR = 0.64 if >5% cells had positive expression; P = 0.025). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed an increased disease-specific survival (P = 0.0063), as well as longer recurrence-free survival (P = 0.003), in patients with muscle-invasive bladder tumours expressing COX-2 in >5% of the cells. A tendency was also observed in a subgroup with positive nodes treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.093). CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of COX-2 is associated with a better recurrence-free and disease-specific survival in a large cohort of 266 patients with carcinoma invading bladder muscle treated by cystectomy. A trend for increased disease-specific survival was also observed for patients with COX-2 overexpression and positive nodes who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Potential of COX-2 as a prognostic marker in bladder cancer should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Aziz
- Urology Service, Surgery Department Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, CHUQ-Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Quebec, Canada
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Ma HI, Chiou SH, Hueng DY, Tai LK, Huang PI, Kao CL, Chen YW, Sytwu HK. Celecoxib and radioresistant glioblastoma-derived CD133+ cells: improvement in radiotherapeutic effects. Laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg 2010; 114:651-62. [PMID: 21054139 DOI: 10.3171/2009.11.jns091396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor, has a poor prognosis, even with aggressive resection and chemoradiotherapy. Recent studies indicate that CD133(+) cells play a key role in radioresistance and recurrence of glioblastoma. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, is over-expressed in a variety of tumors, including CD133(+) glioblastomas. The COX-2-derived prostaglandins promote neovascularization during tumor development, and conventional radiotherapy increases the proportion of CD133(+) cells rather than eradicating them. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in enhancing the therapeutic effects of radiation on CD133(+) glioblastomas. METHODS Cells positive for CD133 were isolated from glioblastoma specimens and characterized by flow cytometry, then treated with celecoxib and/or ionizing radiation (IR). Clonogenic assay, cell irradiation, cell cycle analysis, Western blot, and xenotransplantation were used to assess the effects of celecoxib alone, IR alone, and IR with celecoxib on CD133(+) and CD133(-) glioblastoma cells. Three separate xenotransplantation experiments were carried out using 310 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice: 1) an initial tumorigenicity evaluation in which 3 different quantities of untreated CD133(-) cells or untreated or pretreated CD133(+) cells (5 treatment conditions) from 7 different tumors were injected into the striatum of 2 mice (210 mice total); 2) a tumor growth study (50 mice); and 3) a survival study (50 mice). For these last 2 studies the same 5 categories of cells were used as in the tumorigenicity (untreated CD133(-) cells, untreated or pretreated CD133(+) cells, with pretreatment consisting of celecoxib alone, IR alone, or IR and celecoxib), but only 1 cell source (Case 2) and quantity (5 × 10(4) cells) were used. RESULTS High levels of COX-2 protein were detected in the CD133(+) but not the CD133(-) glioblastoma cells. The authors further demonstrated that 30 μM celecoxib was able to effectively enhance the IR effect in inhibiting colony formation and increasing IR-mediated apoptosis in celecoxib-treated CD133(+) glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, reduction in radioresistance was correlated with the induction of G2/M arrest, which was partially mediated through the increase in the level of phosphorylated-cdc2. In vivo xenotransplant analysis further confirmed that CD133(+)-associated tumorigenicity was significantly suppressed by celecoxib treatment. Importantly, pretreatment of CD133(+) glioblastoma cells with a combination of celecoxib and IR before injection into the striatum of SCID mice resulted in a statistically significant reduction in tumor growth and a statistically significant increase in the mean survival rate of the mice. CONCLUSIONS Celecoxib combined with radiation plays a critical role in the suppression of growth of CD133(+) glioblastoma stemlike cells. Celecoxib is therefore a radiosensitizing drug for clinical application in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Celecoxib enhances radiosensitivity in medulloblastoma-derived CD133-positive cells. Childs Nerv Syst 2010; 26:1605-12. [PMID: 20526717 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-010-1190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, is overexpressed in a variety of tumors, including medulloblastoma (MB). CD133, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been suggested as a marker for cancer stem cells in brain tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in enhancing the effects of ionizing radiotherapy (IR) on medulloblastoma-derived CD133-positive cells (MB-CD133(+)). MATERIALS AND METHODS MB-CD133(+) were isolated from two medulloblastoma cell lines (Daoy and UW228). Then, they were treated with celecoxib in different concentrations, and cell viability was assessed. The assays of cell survival, soft agar, radiosensitivity, colony formation, and apoptotic activity in MB-CD133(+) treated with celecoxib alone, radiation alone, or celecoxib combined with radiation were further evaluated. RESULTS MB-CD133(+) showed the self-renew ability to form sphere bodies in vitro and regenerate tumors in vivo. The levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein in MB-CD133(+) were significantly higher than those in MB-CD133(-). The treatment of 30 μM celecoxib could effectively inhibit the abilities of cell proliferation and colony formation and increase IR-induced apoptosis in treated MB-CD133(+). Furthermore, in vivo study demonstrated that celecoxib significantly enhanced radiosensitivity in MB-CD133(+)-transplanted grafts. Notably, xenotransplantation analysis demonstrated that the treatment of celecoxib could further suppress the expressions of angiogenic and stemness-related genes in treated MB-CD133(+) grafts of SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS Celecoxib presents the potential of radiosensitizing effect in MB-derived cancer stem cells. Therefore, it should be warranted in future trials to enhance the radiotherapeutic effects in MB patients.
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