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Favaron C, Gaiaschi L, Casali C, De Luca F, Gola F, Cavallo M, Ramundo V, Aldieri E, Milanesi G, Visonà SD, Ravera M, Bottone MG. Unraveling Novel Strategies in Mesothelioma Treatments Using a Newly Synthetized Platinum(IV) Compound. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1015. [PMID: 39204360 PMCID: PMC11359418 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare tumor associated with asbestos exposure. Mesothelioma carcinogenesis is related to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and iron overload. Despite the recent advances in biomedical sciences, to date the only available treatments include surgery in a small fraction of patients and platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with pemetrexed. In this view, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the newly synthetized platinum prodrug Pt(IV)Ac-POA compared to cisplatin (CDDP) on human biphasic mesothelioma cell line MSTO-211H using different complementary techniques, such as flow-cytometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunocytochemistry. Healthy mesothelial cell lines Met-5A were also employed to assess the cytotoxicity of the above-mentioned compounds. Our in vitro results showed that Pt(IV)Ac-POA significantly interfere with iron metabolisms and more importantly is able to trigger cell death, through different pathways, including ferroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis, in neoplastic cells. On the other hand, CDDP triggers mainly apoptotic and necrotic cell death. In conclusion, Pt(IV)Ac-POA may represent a new promising pharmacological agent in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Favaron
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Ludovica Gaiaschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Claudio Casali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Federica Gola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Margherita Cavallo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Valeria Ramundo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (V.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Aldieri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (V.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Gloria Milanesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”,Via Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
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Laure A, Rigutto A, Kirschner MB, Opitz L, Grob L, Opitz I, Felley-Bosco E, Hiltbrunner S, Curioni-Fontecedro A. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) Samples Reveal Crucial Insights for Preclinical Testing. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2813. [PMID: 37345150 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are extensively used to study cancer biology. However, the use of highly passaged commercial cell lines has to be questioned, as they do not closely resemble the originating tumor. To understand the reliability of preclinical models for Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) studies, we have performed whole transcriptome and whole exome analyses of fresh frozen MPM tumors and compared them to cell lines generated from these tumors, as well as commercial cell lines and a preclinical MPM mouse model. Patient-derived cell lines were generated from digested fresh tumors and whole exome sequencing was performed on DNA isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples, corresponding patient-derived cell lines, and normal tissue. RNA sequencing libraries were prepared from 10 fresh frozen tumor samples, the 10 corresponding patient-derived cell lines, and 7 commercial cell lines. Our results identified alterations in tumor suppressor genes such as FBXW7, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and MTAP, all known to drive MPM tumorigenesis. Patient-derived cell lines correlate to a high degree with their originating tumor. Gene expressions involved in multiple pathways such as EMT, apoptosis, myogenesis, and angiogenesis are upregulated in tumor samples when compared to patient-derived cell lines; however, they are downregulated in commercial cell lines compared to patient-derived cell lines, indicating significant differences between the two model systems. Our results show that the genome and transcriptome of tumors correlate to a higher degree with patient-derived cell lines rather than commercial cell lines. These results are of major relevance for the scientific community in regard to using cell lines as an appropriate model, resembling the pathway of interest to avoid misleading results for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laure
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelica Rigutto
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michaela B Kirschner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Grob
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Hiltbrunner
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, HFR Fribourg-Hôpital Cantonal, CH-1708 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Xu X, Li H, Xie M, Zhou Z, Wang D, Mao W. LncRNAs and related molecular basis in malignant pleural mesothelioma: challenges and potential. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 186:104012. [PMID: 37116816 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but invasive cancer, which mainly arises from mesothelial tissues of pleura, peritoneum and pericardium. Despite significant advances in treatments, the prognosis of MPM patients remains poor, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%. Therefore, it is urgent to explore novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of MPM. Growing evidence has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) potentially could be promising therapeutic targets for numerous cancers. In this regard, lncRNAs might also potentially therapeutic targets for MPM. Recent advances have been made to investigate the molecular basis of MPM. This review first provides a comprehensive overview of roles of lncRNAs in MPM and then discusses the relationship between molecular basis of MPM and MPM-related lncRNAs to implement them as promising therapeutic targets for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xu
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Mingying Xie
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Zichao Zhou
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weimin Mao
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Mumblat H, Martinez-Conde A, Braten O, Munster M, Dor-On E, Schneiderman RS, Porat Y, Voloshin T, Davidi S, Blatt R, Shteingauz A, Tempel-Brami C, Zeevi E, Lajterer C, Shmueli Y, Danilov S, Haber A, Giladi M, Weinberg U, Kinzel A, Palti Y. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) downregulate the Fanconi Anemia-BRCA pathway and increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma preclinical models. Lung Cancer 2021; 160:99-110. [PMID: 34482104 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are low intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating electric fields with antimitotic effects on cancerous cells. TTFields concomitant with pemetrexed and a platinum agent are approved in the US and EU as first line therapy for unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The goal of the current study was to characterize the mechanism of action of TTFields in MPM cell lines and animal models. METHODS Human MPM cell lines MSTO-211H and NCI-H2052 were treated with TTFields to determine the frequency that elicits maximal cytotoxicity. The effect of TTFields on DNA damage and repair, and the cytotoxic effect of TTFields in combination with cisplatin and/or pemetrexed were examined. Efficacy of TTFields concomitant with cisplatin and pemetrexed was evaluated in orthotopic IL-45 and subcutaneous RN5 murine models. RESULTS TTFields at a frequency of 150 kHz demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity to MPM cells. Application of 150 kHz TTFields resulted in increased formation of DNA double strand breaks, elevated expression of DNA damage induced cell cycle arrest proteins, and reduced expression of Fanconi Anemia (FA)-BRCA DNA repair pathway proteins. Co-treatment of TTFields with cisplatin or pemetrexed significantly increased treatment efficacy versus each modality alone, with additivity and synergy exhibited by the TTFields-pemetrexed and TTFields-cisplatin combinations, respectively. In animal models, tumor volume was significantly lower for the TTFields-cisplatin-pemetrexed combination compared to control, accompanied by increased DNA damage within the tumor. CONCLUSION This research demonstrated that the efficacy of TTFields for the treatment of MPM is associated with reduced expression of FA-BRCA pathway proteins and increased DNA damage. This mechanism of action is consistent with the observed synergism for TTFields-cisplatin vs additivity for TTFields-pemetrexed, as cisplatin-induced DNA damage is repaired via the FA-BRCA pathway.
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Lorenzini E, Ciarrocchi A, Torricelli F. Molecular Fingerprints of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Not Just a Matter of Genetic Alterations. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112470. [PMID: 34199544 PMCID: PMC8199660 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a clinical emergency of our time. Being strongly associated with asbestos exposure, incidence of this cancer is ramping up these days in many industrialized countries and it will soon start to increase in many developing areas where the use of this silicate derivate is still largely in use. Deficiency of reliable markers for the early identification of these tumors and the limited efficacy of the currently available therapeutic options are the basis of the impressive mortality rate of MPM. These shortcomings reflect the very poor information available about the molecular basis of this disease. Results of the recently released deep profiling studies point to the epigenome as a central element in MPM development and progression. First, MPM is characterized by a low mutational burden and a highly peculiar set of mutations that hits almost exclusively epigenetic keepers or proteins controlling chromatin organization and function. Furthermore, asbestos does not seem to be associated with a distinctive mutational signature, while the precise mapping of epigenetic changes caused by this carcinogen has been defined, suggesting that alterations in epigenetic features are the driving force in the development of this disease. Last but not least, consistent evidence also indicates that, in the setting of MPM, chromatin rewiring and epigenetic alterations of cancer cells heavily condition the microenvironment, including the immune response. In this review we aim to point to the relevance of the epigenome in MPM and to highlight the dependency of this tumor on chromatin organization and function. We also intend to discuss the opportunity of targeting these mechanisms as potential therapeutic options for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Lorenzini
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.L.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.L.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Ramaiah MJ, Tangutur AD, Manyam RR. Epigenetic modulation and understanding of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2021; 277:119504. [PMID: 33872660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in tumor initiation and progression is well documented. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyl transferases (HMTs), and DNA methyl transferases. (DNMTs) are the main proteins that are involved in regulating the chromatin conformation. Among these, histone deacetylases (HDAC) deacetylate the histone and induce gene repression thereby leading to cancer. In contrast, histone acetyl transferases (HATs) that include GCN5, p300/CBP, PCAF, Tip 60 acetylate the histones. HDAC inhibitors are potent drug molecules that can induce acetylation of histones at lysine residues and induce open chromatin conformation at tumor suppressor gene loci and thus resulting in tumor suppression. The key processes regulated by HDAC inhibitors include cell-cycle arrest, chemo-sensitization, apoptosis induction, upregulation of tumor suppressors. Even though FDA approved drugs are confined mainly to haematological malignancies, the research on HDAC inhibitors in glioblastoma multiforme and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are providing positive results. Thus, several combinations of HDAC inhibitors along with DNA methyl transferase inhibitors and histone methyl transferase inhibitors are in clinical trials. This review focuses on how HDAC inhibitors regulate the expression of coding and non-coding genes with specific emphasis on their anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Laboratory of Functional genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Impact of metallothionein-knockdown on cisplatin resistance in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18677. [PMID: 33122816 PMCID: PMC7596082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, but aggressive tumor with dismal prognosis. Platinum-based chemotherapy is regularly used as part of multimodality therapy. The expression of metallothioneins (MT) has been identified as a reason for cisplatin resistance, which often leads to early therapy failure or relapse. Thus, knockdown of MT expression may improve response to cisplatin treatment. The MT gene- and protein expression of the MPM-cell lines MSTO-211H, NCI-H2052 and NCI-H2452 and the human fibroblast cell line MRC-5, as well as their sensitivity to cisplatin treatment have been evaluated. Knockdown of MT1A, 1B and 2A expression was induced by RNA interference. MT expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. An in vitro Assay based on enzyme activity was used to detect cell viability, necrosis and apoptosis before and after incubation with cisplatin. MT2A gene expression could be detected in all MPM cell lines, showing the highest expression in NCI-H2452 and NCI-H2052, whereas gene expression levels of MT1A and MT1B were low or absent. The immunohistochemically protein expression of MT-I/II reflect MT2A gene expression levels. Especially for MSTO-211H cell presenting low initial MT2A levels, a strong induction of MT2A expression could be observed during cisplatin treatment, indicating a cell line-specific and platin-dependent adaption mechanism. Additionally, a MT2A-dependent cellular evasion of apoptosis during cisplatin could be observed, leading to three different MT based phenotypes. MSTO-211H cells showed lower apoptosis rates at an increased expression level of MT2A after cisplatin treatment (from sixfold to fourfold). NCI-H2052 cells showed no changes in MT2A expression, while apoptosis rate is the highest (8-12-fold). NCI-H2452 cells showed neither changes in alteration rate of MT2A expression nor changes in apoptosis rates, indicating an MT2A-independent resistance mechanism. Knockdown of MT2A expression levels resulted in significantly induced apoptotic rates during cisplatin treatment with strongest induction of apoptosis in each of the MPM cell lines, but in different markedness. A therapeutic meaningful effect of MT2A knockdown and subsequent cisplatin treatment could be observed in MSTO-211H cells. The present study showed MT2A to be part of the underlying mechanism of cisplatin resistance in MPM. Especially in MSTO-211H cells we could demonstrate major effects by knockdown of MT2A expression, verifying our hypothesis of an MT driven resistance mechanism. We could prove the inhibition of MT2A as a powerful tool to boost response rates to cisplatin-based therapy in vitro. These data carry the potential to enhance the clinical outcome and management of MPM in the future.
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Repurposing Quinacrine for Treatment of Malignant Mesothelioma: In-Vitro Therapeutic and Mechanistic Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176306. [PMID: 32878257 PMCID: PMC7503636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare type of cancer primarily affecting mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity. In this study, we propose to repurpose quinacrine (QA), a widely approved anti-malarial drug, for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) treatment. QA demonstrates high degree of cytotoxicity against both immortalized and primary patient-derived cell lines with sub-micromolar 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 1.2 µM (H2452) to 5.03 µM (H28). Further, QA also inhibited cellular migration and colony formation in MPM cells, demonstrated using scratch and clonogenic assays, respectively. A 3D-spheroid cell culture experiment was performed to mimic in-vivo tumor conditions, and QA was reported to be highly effective in this simulated cellular model. Anti-angiogenic properties were also discovered for QA. Autophagy inhibition assay was performed, and results revealed that QA successfully inhibited autophagy process in MPM cells, which has been cited to be one of the survival pathways for MPM. Annexin V real-time apoptosis study revealed significant apoptotic induction in MPM cells following QA treatment. Western blots confirmed inhibition of autophagy and induction of apoptosis. These studies highlight anti-mesothelioma efficacy of QA at low doses, which can be instrumental in developing it as a stand-alone treatment strategy for MPM.
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TGFα Promotes Chemoresistance of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061484. [PMID: 32517259 PMCID: PMC7352199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no standard chemotherapy for refractory or relapsing malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Our previous reports nevertheless indicated that a combination of an anthracycline (doxorubicin) and a lysine deacetylase inhibitor (valproic acid, VPA) synergize to induce the apoptosis of MPM cells and reduce tumor growth in mouse models. A Phase I/II clinical trial indicated that this regimen is a promising therapeutic option for a proportion of MPM patients. Methods: The transcriptomes of mesothelioma cells were compared after Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing. The expression of differentially expressed genes was inhibited by RNA interference. Apoptosis was determined by cell cycle analysis and Annexin V/7-AAD labeling. Protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting. Preclinical efficacy was evaluated in BALB/c and NOD-SCID mice. Results: To understand the mechanisms involved in chemoresistance, the transcriptomes of two MPM cell lines displaying different responses to VPA-doxorubicin were compared. Among the differentially expressed genes, transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) was associated with resistance to this regimen. The silencing of TGFα by RNA interference correlated with a significant increase in apoptosis, whereas the overexpression of TGFα desensitized MPM cells to the apoptosis induced by VPA and doxorubicin. The multi-targeted inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC), HER2 and TGFα receptor (epidermal growth factor receptor/EGFR) improved treatment efficacy in vitro and reduced tumor growth in two MPM mouse models. Finally, TGFα expression but not EGFR correlated with patient survival. Conclusions: Our data show that TGFα but not its receptor EGFR is a key factor in resistance to MPM chemotherapy. This observation may contribute to casting light on the promising but still controversial role of EGFR signaling in MPM therapy.
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Guazzelli A, Meysami P, Bakker E, Bonanni E, Demonacos C, Krstic-Demonacos M, Mutti L. What can independent research for mesothelioma achieve to treat this orphan disease? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:719-732. [PMID: 31262194 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1638363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis, as current therapies are ineffective. Despite the increased understanding of the molecular biology of mesothelioma, there is still a lack of drugs that dramatically enhance patient survival. Area Covered: This review discusses recent and complete clinical trials supported by the NIH, other U.S. Federal agencies, universities and organizations found on clinicaltrials.gov. Firstly, chemotherapy-based trials are described, followed by immunotherapy and multitargeted therapy. Then we introduce drug repositioning and the use of drug docking as tools to find new interesting molecules. Finally, we highlight potential molecular pathways that may play a role in mesothelioma biology and therapy. Expert Opinion: Numerous biases are present in the clinical trials due to a restricted number of cases, inappropriate endpoints and inaccurate stratification of patients which delay the finding of a treatment for MPM. The most crucial issue of independent research for MPM is the lack of more substantive funding to translate these findings to the clinical setting. However, this approach is not necessarily scientific given the low mutational load of mesothelioma relative to other cancers, and therefore patients need a more solid rationale to have a good chance of successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Guazzelli
- a School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford , Salford , UK
| | - Parisa Meysami
- a School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford , Salford , UK
| | - Emyr Bakker
- b School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire , Preston , UK
| | | | - Constantinos Demonacos
- d Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | | | - Luciano Mutti
- e Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:189-205. [PMID: 30796927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is an umbrella term for a subset of heterogeneous diseases that are collectively responsible for the most cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the tremendous progress made in understanding lung tumour biology, advances in early diagnosis, multimodal therapy and deciphering molecular mechanisms of drug resistance, overall curative outcomes remain low, especially in metastatic disease. Nanotechnology, in particular nanoparticles (NPs), continue to progressively impact the way by which tumours are diagnosed and treated. The unique physicochemical properties of materials at the nanoscale grant access to a diverse molecular toolkit that can be manipulated for use in respiratory oncology. This realisation has resulted in several clinically approved NP formulations and many more in clinical trials. However, NPs are not a panacea and have yet to be utilised to maximal effect in lung cancer, and medicine in a wider context. This review serves to: describe the complexity of lung cancer, the current diagnostic and therapeutic environment, and highlight the recent advancements of nanotechnology based approaches in diagnosis and treatment of respiratory malignancies. Finally, a brief outlook on the future directions of nanomedicine is provided; presently the full potential of the field is yet to be realised. By gleaning lessons and integrating advancements from neighbouring disciplines, nanomedicine can be elevated to a position where the current barriers that stymie full clinical impact are lifted.
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Li X, Liu Y, Tian H. Current Developments in Pt(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated with Bioactive Ligands. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:8276139. [PMID: 30402082 PMCID: PMC6191961 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8276139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the side effects of and resistance to cisplatin, a variety of Pt(IV) prodrugs were designed and synthesized via different modifications including combination with lipid chains to increase hydrophobicity, conjugation with short peptide chains or nanoparticles to improve drug delivery, or addition of bioactive ligands to the axial positions of Pt(IV) complexes to exert dual-function effects. This review summarizes the recent progress in the development of Pt(IV) prodrugs conjugated with bioactive-targeting ligands, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, p53 agonists, alkylating agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Although Pt(IV) complexes that conjugated with bioactive ligands show satisfactory anticancer effects, none has been approved for clinical use. Therefore, we hope that this review will contribute to further study and development of Pt(IV) complexes conjugated with bioactive and other ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- Tianjin Binjiang Pharma, Inc., Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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Inhibition of MDM2 via Nutlin-3A: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Pleural Mesotheliomas with MDM2-Induced Inactivation of Wild-Type P53. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2018; 2018:1986982. [PMID: 30112000 PMCID: PMC6077509 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1986982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previously, our group demonstrated that nuclear expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase (MDM2) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is significantly associated with decreased overall survival. A possible explanation may be that overexpression of MDM2 leads to a proteasomal degradation of TP53 that eventually results in a loss of TP53-induced apoptosis and senescence. It is well known from other tumor entities that restoration of TP53 activity, e.g., by MDM2 inhibition, results in an instant TP53-induced stress and/or DNA damage response of cancer cells. Nutlin-3A (a cis-imidazoline analogue) has been described as a potent and selective MDM2 inhibitor preventing MDM2-TP53-interaction by specific binding to the hydrophobic TP53-binding pocket of MDM2. In the present study, the effects of MDM2 inhibition in MPM via Nutlin-3A and standard platinum based chemotherapeutic agents were comparatively tested in three MPM cell lines (NCI-H2052, MSTO-211H, and NCI-H2452) showing different expression profiles of TP53, MDM2, and its physiological inhibitor of MDM2—P14/ARF. Our in vitro experiments on MPM cell lines revealed that Nutlin-3A in combination with cisplatin resulted in up to 9.75 times higher induction of senescence (p=0.0050) and up to 5 times higher apoptosis rate (p=0.0067) compared to the commonly applied cisplatin and pemetrexed regimens. Thus Nutlin-3A, a potent inhibitor of MDM2, is associated with a significant induction of senescence and apoptosis in MPM cell lines, making Nutlin-3A a promising substance for a targeted therapy in the subgroup of MPM showing MDM2 overexpression.
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Abstract
In the last decade, epigenetic drugs (such as inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases) have been intensively used for cancer treatment. Their applications have shown high anticancer effectivity and tolerable side effects. However, they are unfortunately not effective in the treatment of some types and phenotypes of cancers. Nevertheless, several studies have demonstrated that problems of drug efficacy can be overcome through the combined application of therapeutic modulates. Therefore, combined applications of epigenetic agents with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapy and hyperthermia have been presented. This review summarizes and discusses the general principles of this approach, as introduced and supported by numerous examples. In addition, predictions of the future potential applications of this methodology are included.
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Mairinger FD, Schmeller J, Borchert S, Wessolly M, Mairinger E, Kollmeier J, Hager T, Mairinger T, Christoph DC, Walter RFH, Eberhardt WEE, Plönes T, Wohlschlaeger J, Jasani B, Schmid KW, Bankfalvi A. Immunohistochemically detectable metallothionein expression in malignant pleural mesotheliomas is strongly associated with early failure to platin-based chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22254-22268. [PMID: 29854276 PMCID: PMC5976462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a biologically highly aggressive tumor arising from the pleura with a dismal prognosis. Cisplatin is the drug of choice for the treatment of MPM, and carboplatin seems to have comparable efficacy. Nevertheless, cisplatin treatment results in a response rate of merely 14% and a median survival of less than seven months. Due to their role in many cellular processes, methallothioneins (MTs) have been widely studied in various cancers. The known heavy metal detoxifying effect of MT-I and MT-II may be the reason for heavy metal drug resistance of various cancers including MPM. Methods 105 patients were retrospectively analyzed immunohistochemically for their MT expression levels. Survival analysis was done by Cox-regression, and statistical significance determined using likelihood ratio, Wald test and Score (logrank) tests. Results Cox-regression analyses were done in a linear and logarithmic scale revealing a significant association between expression of MT and shortened overall survival (OS) in a linear (p=0.0009) and logarithmic scale (p=0.0003). Reduced progression free survival (PFS) was also observed for MT expressing tumors (linear: p=0.0134, log: p=0.0152). Conclusion Since both, overall survival and progression-free survival are negatively correlated with detectable MT expression in MPM, our results indicate a possible resistance to platin-based chemotherapy associated with MT expression upregulation, found exclusively in progressive MPM samples. Initial cell culture studies suggest promoter DNA hypomethylation and expression of miRNA-566 a direct regulator of copper transporter SLC31A1 and a putative regulator of MT1A and MT2A gene expression, to be responsible for the drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian D Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Schmeller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Borchert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Wessolly
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Department of Pneumology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mairinger
- Department of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel C Christoph
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Internistic Oncology, Kliniken Essen Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert F H Walter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wilfried E E Eberhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Till Plönes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracical Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremias Wohlschlaeger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Diakonissenkrankenhaus Flensburg, Flensburg, Germany
| | - Bharat Jasani
- Department of Pathology, Targos Molecular Pathology GmbH, Kassel, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Satoh T, Tatsuta T, Sugawara S, Hara A, Hosono M. Synergistic anti-tumor effect of bullfrog sialic acid-binding lectin and pemetrexed in malignant mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42466-42477. [PMID: 28476017 PMCID: PMC5522080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with limited therapeutic options. Sialic acid-binding lectin isolated from Rana catesbeiana oocytes (cSBL) is a multifunctional protein with anti-cancer activity. The effects of pemetrexed, cisplatin, and cSBL were evaluated in mesothelioma and normal mesothelial cell lines. We evaluated cytotoxicity, apoptosis, caspase-3 cleavage and activation, cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and levels of cell cycle proteins in H28 cells treated with pemetrexed, cisplatin, and cSBL alone or in combination. Treatment with cSBL alone was cytotoxic to mesothelioma cells. The anti-cancer effect of cSBL was observed in a broader range of cell lines and exhibited greater cancer cell selectivity than pemetrexed or cisplatin. Combination treatment with pemetrexed + cSBL resulted in greater dose-dependent cytotoxicity than pemetrexed + cisplatin, the standard of care in mesothelioma. The synergistic effect of pemetrexed + cSBL was mediated by the cytostatic effect of pemetrexed and the cytotoxic effect of cSBL. It thus appears that cSBL has therapeutic potential for the treatment of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Satoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.,Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takeo Tatsuta
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sugawara
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosono
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
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Boyer A, Pasquier E, Tomasini P, Ciccolini J, Greillier L, Andre N, Barlesi F, Mascaux C. Drug repurposing in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a breath of fresh air? Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:170098. [PMID: 29540495 PMCID: PMC9488560 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0098-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is the use of known drugs for new indications. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. So far, few treatments have been approved in this disease. However, its incidence is expected to increase significantly, particularly in developing countries. Consequently, drug repurposing appears as an attractive strategy for drug development in MPM, since the known pharmacology and safety profile based on previous approvals of repurposed drugs allows for faster time-to-market for patients and lower treatment cost. This is critical in low- and middle-income countries where access to expensive drugs is limited. This review assesses the published preclinical and clinical data about drug repurposing in MPM.In this review, we identified 11 therapeutic classes that could be repositioned in mesothelioma. Most of these treatments have been evaluated in vitro, half have been evaluated in vivo in animal models of MPM and only three (i.e. valproate, thalidomide and zoledronic acid) have been investigated in clinical trials, with limited benefits so far. Efforts could be coordinated to pursue further investigations and test promising drugs identified in preclinical experiments in appropriately designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boyer
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Dept, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM, Marseille Cancer Research Centre), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258 and Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Eddy Pasquier
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Dept of Haematology and Paediatric Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Tomasini
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Dept, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM, Marseille Cancer Research Centre), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258 and Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Joseph Ciccolini
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM, Marseille Cancer Research Centre), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258 and Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Greillier
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Dept, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM, Marseille Cancer Research Centre), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258 and Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Andre
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM, Marseille Cancer Research Centre), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258 and Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Dept, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM, Marseille Cancer Research Centre), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258 and Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Celine Mascaux
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Dept, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM, Marseille Cancer Research Centre), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258 and Aix-Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
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Gene and MicroRNA Perturbations of Cellular Response to Pemetrexed Implicate Biological Networks and Enable Imputation of Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:733. [PMID: 29335598 PMCID: PMC5768793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed is indicated for non-small cell lung carcinoma and mesothelioma, but often has limited efficacy due to drug resistance. To probe the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapeutic response, we performed mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling of pemetrexed treated and untreated lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and applied a hierarchical Bayesian method. We identified genetic variation associated with gene expression in human lung tissue for the most significant differentially expressed genes (Benjamini-Hochberg [BH] adjusted p < 0.05) using the Genotype-Tissue Expression data and found evidence for their clinical relevance using integrated molecular profiling and lung adenocarcinoma survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We identified 39 miRNAs with significant differential expression (BH adjusted p < 0.05) in LCLs. We developed a gene expression based imputation model of drug sensitivity, quantified its prediction performance, and found a significant correlation of the imputed phenotype generated from expression data with survival time in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Differentially expressed genes (MTHFD2 and SUFU) that are putative targets of differentially expressed miRNAs also showed differential perturbation in A549 fusion lung tumor cells with further replication in A549 cells. Our study suggests pemetrexed may be used in combination with agents that target miRNAs to increase its cytotoxicity.
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The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid Exerts a Synergistic Cytotoxicity with the DNA-Damaging Drug Ellipticine in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010164. [PMID: 29304031 PMCID: PMC5796113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) originates from undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Chemotherapy is judged to be suitable for successful treatment of this disease. Here, the influence of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproate (VPA) combined with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic, ellipticine, on UKF-NB-4 and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was investigated. Treatment of these cells with ellipticine in combination with VPA led to the synergism of their anticancer efficacy. The effect is more pronounced in the UKF-NB-4 cell line, the line with N-myc amplification, than in SH-SY5Y cells. This was associated with caspase-3-dependent induction of apoptosis in UKF-NB-4 cells. The increase in cytotoxicity of ellipticine in UKF-NB-4 by VPA is dictated by the sequence of drug administration; the increased cytotoxicity was seen only after either simultaneous exposure to these drugs or after pretreatment of cells with ellipticine before their treatment with VPA. The synergism of treatment of cells with VPA and ellipticine seems to be connected with increased acetylation of histones H3 and H4. Further, co-treatment of cells with ellipticine and VPA increased the formation of ellipticine-derived DNA adducts, which indicates an easier accessibility of ellipticine to DNA in cells by its co-treatment with VPA and also resulted in higher ellipticine cytotoxicity. The results are promising for in vivo studies and perhaps later for clinical studies of combined treatment of children suffering from high-risk NBL.
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Zauderer MG. Standard Chemotherapy Options and Clinical Trials of Novel Agents for Mesothelioma. ASBESTOS AND MESOTHELIOMA 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53560-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Caponigro F, Di Gennaro E, Ionna F, Longo F, Aversa C, Pavone E, Maglione MG, Di Marzo M, Muto P, Cavalcanti E, Petrillo A, Sandomenico F, Maiolino P, D'Aniello R, Botti G, De Cecio R, Losito NS, Scala S, Trotta A, Zotti AI, Bruzzese F, Daponte A, Calogero E, Montano M, Pontone M, De Feo G, Perri F, Budillon A. Phase II clinical study of valproic acid plus cisplatin and cetuximab in recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of Head and Neck-V-CHANCE trial. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:918. [PMID: 27884140 PMCID: PMC5123351 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has a poor prognosis and the combination of cisplatin and cetuximab, with or without 5-fluorouracil, is the gold standard treatment in this stage. Thus, the concomitant use of novel compounds represents a critical strategy to improve treatment results. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) enhance the activity of several anticancer drugs including cisplatin and anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (anti-EGFR) compounds. Preclinical studies in models have shown that vorinostat is able to down regulate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression and to revert epithelial to mesenchimal transition (EMT). Due to its histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibiting activity and its safe use as a chronic therapy for epileptic disorders, valproic acid (VPA) has been considered a good candidate for anticancer therapy. A reasonable option may be to employ the combination of cisplatin, cetuximab and VPA in recurrent/metastatic SCCHN taking advantage of the possible positive interaction between histone deacetylase inhibitors, cisplatin and/or anti-EGFR. METHOD/DESIGN V-CHANCE is a phase 2 clinical trial evaluating, in patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck never treated with first-line chemotherapy, the concomitant standard administration of cisplatin (on day 1, every 3 weeks) and cetuximab (on day 1, weekly), in combination with oral VPA given daily from day -14 with a titration strategy in each patient (target serum level of 50-100 μg/ml). Primary end point is the objective response rate measured according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Sample size, calculated according to Simon 2 stage minimax design will include 21 patients in the first stage with upper limit for rejection being 8 responses, and 39 patients in the second stage, with upper limit for rejection being 18 responses. Secondary endpoints are time to progression, duration of response, overall survival, safety. Objectives of the translational study are the evaluation on tumor samples of markers of treatment efficacy/resistance (i.e. γH2AX, p21/WAF, RAD51, XRCC1, EGFR, p-EGFR, Ki-67) and specific markers of VPA HDAC inhibitory activity (histones and proteins acetylation, Histone deacetylase isoforms) as well as valproate test, histones and proteins acetylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell, tested on blood samples at baseline and at different time points during treatment. DISCUSSION Overall, this study could provide a less toxic and more effective first-line chemotherapy regimen in patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by demonstrating the feasibility and efficacy of cisplatin/cetuximab plus valproic acid. Moreover, correlative studies could help to identify responder patients, and will add insights in the mechanism of the synergistic interaction between these agents. EUDRACT NUMBER 2014-001523-69 TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02624128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caponigro
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Ionna
- Head and neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Head and neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Aversa
- Head and neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Pavone
- Head and neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Maglione
- Head and neck Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Marzo
- Melanoma and soft tissue Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Petrillo
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Sandomenico
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Aniello
- Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella De Cecio
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Simona Losito
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Functional Genomics Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Trotta
- Functional Genomics Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilaria Zotti
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Daponte
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Calogero
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Montano
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Pontone
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco De Feo
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Present Address: Medical Oncology Unit, POC SS Annunziata, Taranto, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale," IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
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Wu L, Allo G, John T, Li M, Tagawa T, Opitz I, Anraku M, Yun Z, Pintilie M, Pitcher B, Liu G, Feld R, Johnston MR, de Perrot M, Tsao MS. Patient-Derived Xenograft Establishment from Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1060-1067. [PMID: 27683181 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but aggressive disease with few therapeutic options. The tumor-stromal interface is important in MPM, but this is lost in cell lines, the main model used for preclinical studies. We sought to characterize MPM patient-derived xenografts (PDX) to determine their suitability as preclinical models and whether tumors that engraft reflect a more aggressive biological phenotype.Experimental Design: Fresh tumors were harvested from extrapleural pneumonectomy, decortication, or biopsy samples of 50 MPM patients and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice and serially passaged for up to five generations. We correlated selected mesothelioma biomarkers between PDX and patient tumors, and PDX establishment with the clinical pathologic features of the patients, including their survival. DNA of nine PDXs was profiled using the OncoScan FFPE Express platform. Ten PDXs were treated with cisplatin and pemetrexed.Results: A PDX was formed in 20 of 50 (40%) tumors implanted. Histologically, PDX models closely resembled the parent tumor. PDX models formed despite preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In multivariable analysis, patients whose tumors formed a PDX had significantly poorer survival when the model was adjusted for preoperative treatment (HR, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.52; P = 0.028). Among 10 models treated with cisplatin, seven demonstrated growth inhibition. Genomic abnormalities seen in nine PDX models were similar to that previously reported.Conclusions: Patients whose tumors form PDX models have poorer clinical outcomes. MPM PDX tumors closely resemble the genotype and phenotype of parent tumors, making them valuable models for preclinical studies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 1060-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licun Wu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ghassan Allo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas John
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,LaTrobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tetsuzo Tagawa
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masaki Anraku
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhihong Yun
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melania Pintilie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bethany Pitcher
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ron Feld
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R Johnston
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Hwang KE, Kim YS, Jung JW, Kwon SJ, Park DS, Cha BK, Oh SH, Yoon KH, Jeong ET, Kim HR. Inhibition of autophagy potentiates pemetrexed and simvastatin-induced apoptotic cell death in malignant mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29482-96. [PMID: 26334320 PMCID: PMC4745741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed, a multitarget antifolate used to treat malignant mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has been shown to stimulate autophagy. In this study, we determined whether autophagy could be induced by pemetrexed and simvastatin cotreatment in malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC cells. Furthermore, we determined whether inhibition of autophagy drives apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC cells. Malignant mesothelioma MSTO-211H and A549 NSCLC cells were treated with pemetrexed and simvastatin alone and in combination to evaluate their effect on autophagy and apoptosis. Cotreatment with pemetrexed and simvastatin induced greater caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagy than either drug alone in malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC cells. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), ATG5 siRNA, bafilomycin A, and E64D/pepstatin A enhanced the apoptotic potential of pemetrexed and simvastatin, whereas rapamycin and LY294002 attenuated their induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Our data indicate that pemetrexed and simvastatin cotreatment augmented apoptosis and autophagy in malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC cells. Inhibition of pemetrexed and simvastatin-induced autophagy was shown to enhance apoptosis, suggesting that this could be a novel therapeutic strategy against malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Do-Sim Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Byong-Ki Cha
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Oh
- Department of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Seosuk-dong, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Taik Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Hak-Ryul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
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24
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Benedetti S, Nuvoli B, Catalani S, Galati R. Reactive oxygen species a double-edged sword for mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16848-65. [PMID: 26078352 PMCID: PMC4627278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation which, in turn, could mediate most chronic diseases including cancer. Oxidants have been implicated in the activity of crocidolite and amosite, the most powerful types of asbestos associated to the occurrence of mesothelioma. Currently rates of mesothelioma are rising and estimates indicate that the incidence of mesothelioma will peak within the next 10-15 years in the western world, while in Japan the peak is predicted not to occur until 40 years from now. Although the use of asbestos has been banned in many countries around the world, production of and the potentially hazardous exposure to asbestos is still present with locally high incidences of mesothelioma. Today a new man-made material, carbon nanotubes, has arisen as a concern; carbon nanotubes may display 'asbestos-like' pathogenicity with mesothelioma induction potential. Carbon nanotubes resulted in the greatest reactive oxygen species generation. How oxidative stress activates inflammatory pathways leading to the transformation of a normal cell to a tumor cell, to tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and radioresistance, is the aim of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Benedetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Nuvoli
- Molecular Medicine Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Catalani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Rossella Galati
- Molecular Medicine Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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25
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Mezzapelle R, Rrapaj E, Gatti E, Ceriotti C, Marchis FD, Preti A, Spinelli AE, Perani L, Venturini M, Valtorta S, Moresco RM, Pecciarini L, Doglioni C, Frenquelli M, Crippa L, Recordati C, Scanziani E, de Vries H, Berns A, Frapolli R, Boldorini R, D'Incalci M, Bianchi ME, Crippa MP. Human malignant mesothelioma is recapitulated in immunocompetent BALB/c mice injected with murine AB cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22850. [PMID: 26961782 PMCID: PMC4785401 DOI: 10.1038/srep22850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant Mesothelioma is a highly aggressive cancer, which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Here we describe the molecular, cellular and morphological characterization of a syngeneic system consisting of murine AB1, AB12 and AB22 mesothelioma cells injected in immunocompetent BALB/c mice, which allows the study of the interplay of tumor cells with the immune system. Murine mesothelioma cells, like human ones, respond to exogenous High Mobility Group Box 1 protein, a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern that acts as a chemoattractant for leukocytes and as a proinflammatory mediator. The tumors derived from AB cells are morphologically and histologically similar to human MM tumors, and respond to treatments used for MM patients. Our system largely recapitulates human mesothelioma, and we advocate its use for the study of MM development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Mezzapelle
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Eltjona Rrapaj
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Ceriotti
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco De Marchis
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonello E Spinelli
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Medical Physics Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Perani
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturini
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Diagnostic Radiology Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,IBFM-CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Health Sciences Dept., Milano Bicocca University, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathological Anatomy Laboratory, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Luca Crippa
- ISTOVET, Besana in Brianza, Monza e Brianza, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Fondazione Filarete, Milano, Italy.,Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Hilda de Vries
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renzo Boldorini
- Division of Pathology "Maggiore Della Carità" Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Marco E Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo P Crippa
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
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26
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Hubaux R, Vandermeers F, Cosse JP, Crisanti C, Kapoor V, Albelda SM, Mascaux C, Delvenne P, Hubert P, Willems L. Valproic acid improves second-line regimen of small cell lung carcinoma in preclinical models. ERJ Open Res 2015; 1:00028-2015. [PMID: 27730151 PMCID: PMC5005116 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00028-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With 5-year survival rates below 5%, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has very poor prognosis and requires improved therapies. Despite an excellent overall response to first-line therapy, relapses are frequent and further treatments are disappointing. The goal of the study was to improve second-line therapy of SCLC. The effect of chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated in cell lines (apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and RNA and protein expression) and in mouse models (tumour development). We demonstrate here that valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, improves the efficacy of a second-line regimen (vindesine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) in SCLC cells and in mouse models. Transcriptomic profiling integrating microRNA and mRNA data identifies key signalling pathways in the response of SCLC cells to valproic acid, opening new prospects for improved therapies. Valproic acid improves second-line regimen of SCLC response in preclinical modelshttp://ow.ly/Rsyd8
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hubaux
- Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liege (ULg), Gembloux, Belgium; Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA), ULg, Liege, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), ULg, Liege, Belgium; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabian Vandermeers
- Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liege (ULg), Gembloux, Belgium; Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA), ULg, Liege, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), ULg, Liege, Belgium; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Cosse
- Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liege (ULg), Gembloux, Belgium; Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA), ULg, Liege, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Crisanti
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Veena Kapoor
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Céline Mascaux
- Department of Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Pascale Hubert
- Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, ULg, Liège, Belgium
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liege (ULg), Gembloux, Belgium; Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA), ULg, Liege, Belgium; Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), ULg, Liege, Belgium
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27
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Chew SH, Toyokuni S. Malignant mesothelioma as an oxidative stress-induced cancer: An update. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:166-78. [PMID: 25975982 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a relatively rare cancer that occurs almost exclusively following respiratory exposure to asbestos in humans. Its pathogenesis is closely associated with iron overload and oxidative stress in mesothelial cells. On fiber exposure, mesothelial cells accumulate fibers simultaneously with iron, which either performs physical scissor function or catalyzes free radical generation, leading to oxidative DNA damage such as strand breaks and base modifications, followed by activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Chrysotile, per se without iron, causes massive hemolysis and further adsorbs hemoglobin. Exposure to indigestible foreign materials also induces chronic inflammation, involving consistent generation of free radicals and subsequent activation of NALP3 inflammasomes in macrophages. All of these contribute to mesothelial carcinogenesis. Genomic alterations most frequently involve homozygous deletion of INK4A/4B, and other pathways such as Hippo and TGF-β pathways are also affected in MM. Recently, analyses of familial MM sorted out BAP1 as a novel responsible tumor suppressor gene, whose function is not fully elucidated. Five-year survival of mesothelioma is still ~8%, and this cancer is increasing worldwide. Connective tissue growth factor, a secretory protein creating a vicious cycle mediated by β-catenin, has been recognized as a hopeful target for therapy, especially in sarcomatoid subtype. Recent research outcomes related to microRNAs and cancer stem cells also offer additional novel targets for the treatment of MM. Iron reduction as chemoprevention of mesothelioma is helpful at least in an animal preclinical study. Integrated approaches to fiber-induced oxidative stress would be necessary to overcome this currently fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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28
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Buikhuisen WA, Hiddinga BI, Baas P, van Meerbeeck JP. Second line therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma: A systematic review. Lung Cancer 2015; 89:223-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Bononi A, Napolitano A, Pass HI, Yang H, Carbone M. Latest developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of mesothelioma and the design of targeted therapies. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:633-54. [PMID: 26308799 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer whose pathogenesis is causally linked to occupational exposure to asbestos. Familial clusters of mesotheliomas have been observed in settings of genetic predisposition. Mesothelioma incidence is anticipated to increase worldwide in the next two decades. Novel treatments are needed, as current treatment modalities may improve the quality of life, but have shown modest effects in improving overall survival. Increasing knowledge on the molecular characteristics of mesothelioma has led to the development of novel potential therapeutic strategies, including: molecular targeted approaches, that is the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor with bevacizumab; immunotherapy with chimeric monoclonal antibody, immunotoxin, antibody drug conjugate, vaccine and viruses; inhibition of asbestos-induced inflammation, that is aspirin inhibition of HMGB1 activity may decrease or delay mesothelioma onset and/or growth. We elaborate on the rationale behind new therapeutic strategies, and summarize available preclinical and clinical results, as well as efforts still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bononi
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.,b 2 Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- c 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
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30
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Groh T, Hrabeta J, Khalil MA, Doktorova H, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M. The synergistic effects of DNA-damaging drugs cisplatin and etoposide with a histone deacetylase inhibitor valproate in high-risk neuroblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:343-52. [PMID: 25963435 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma remains one of the most important therapeutic challenges for pediatric oncologists. New agents or regimens are urgently needed to improve the treatment outcome of this fatal tumor. We examined the effect of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in a combination with other chemotherapeutics on a high-risk neuroblastoma UKF-NB-4 cell line. Treatment of UKF-NB-4 cells with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics cisplatin or etoposide combined with the HDAC inhibitor valproate (VPA) resulted in the synergistic antitumor effect. This was associated with caspase-3-dependent induction of apoptosis. Another HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A and a derivative of VPA that does not exhibit HDAC inhibitory activity, valpromide, lacked this effect. The synergism was only induced when VPA was combined with cytostatics targeted to cellular DNA; VPA does not potentiate the cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug vincristine that acts by a mechanism different from that of DNA damage. The VPA-mediated sensitization of UKF-NB-4 cells to cisplatin or etoposide was dependent on the sequence of drug administration; the potentiating effect was only produced either by simultaneous treatment with these drugs or when the cells were pretreated with cisplatin or etoposide before their exposure to VPA. The synergistic effects of VPA with cisplatin or etoposide were associated with changes in the acetylation status of histones H3 and H4. The results of this study provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of the combination of VPA and cisplatin or etoposide for treating children suffering from high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Groh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hrabeta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammed Ashraf Khalil
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Doktorova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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31
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Krug LM, Kindler HL, Calvert H, Manegold C, Tsao AS, Fennell D, Öhman R, Plummer R, Eberhardt WEE, Fukuoka K, Gaafar RM, Lafitte JJ, Hillerdal G, Chu Q, Buikhuisen WA, Lubiniecki GM, Sun X, Smith M, Baas P. Vorinostat in patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma who have progressed on previous chemotherapy (VANTAGE-014): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:447-56. [PMID: 25800891 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vorinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that changes gene expression and protein activity. On the basis of the clinical benefit reported in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma treated in a phase 1 study of vorinostat, we designed this phase 3 trial to investigate whether vorinostat given as a second-line or third-line therapy improved patients' overall survival. METHODS This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was done in 90 international centres. Patients with measurable advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma and disease progression after one or two previous systemic regimens were eligible. After stratification for Karnofsky performance status, histology, and number of previous chemotherapy regimens, patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by use of an interactive voice response system with a block size of four to either treatment with vorinostat or placebo. Patients received oral vorinostat 300 mg (or matching placebo) twice daily on days 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, and 17 of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoints were overall survival and safety and tolerability of vorinostat. The primary efficacy comparison was done in the intention-to-treat population, and safety and tolerability was assessed in the treated population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00128102. FINDINGS From July 12, 2005, to Feb 14, 2011, 661 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either vorinostat (n=329) or placebo (n=332) and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Median overall survival for vorinostat was 30·7 weeks (95% CI 26·7-36·1) versus 27·1 weeks (23·1-31·9) for placebo (hazard ratio 0·98, 95% CI 0·83-1·17, p=0·86). The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events for patients treated with vorinostat were fatigue or malaise (51 [16%] patients in the vorinostat group vs 25 [8%] in the placebo group]) and dyspnoea (35 [11%] vs 45 [14%]). INTERPRETATION In this randomised trial, vorinostat given as a second-line or third-line therapy did not improve overall survival and cannot be recommended as a therapy for patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma. FUNDING Merck & Co.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Krug
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronny Öhman
- University Hospital of Skåne/Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Rabab M Gaafar
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Quincy Chu
- Cross Cancer Institute/University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wieneke A Buikhuisen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute and the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Xing Sun
- Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA; Sanofi US, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | | | - Paul Baas
- Cross Cancer Institute/University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; The Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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32
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Yamamoto K, Seike M, Takeuchi S, Soeno C, Miyanaga A, Noro R, Minegishi Y, Kubota K, Gemma A. MiR-379/411 cluster regulates IL-18 and contributes to drug resistance in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2365-72. [PMID: 25231602 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rapidly fatal malignancy that is increasing in incidence in Japan. In this study, we performed gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling to identify novel therapeutic targets in MPM cells. Based on relative sensitivities to pemetrexed (PEM) and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, vorinostat (SAHA), 211H cells were determined to be the only sensitive MPM cell line out of the 6 tested. On the same series of cell lines, we performed whole genome transcriptomic profiling via DNA microarrays and pathway analysis of the derived data. Of particular note, IL-18 gene expression levels were significantly higher in the cell lines that were either drug resistant or displayed intermediate sensitivity, compared to the sensitive 211H cell line. Pathway analysis revealed IL-18 as an important gene associated with drug sensitivity of MPM cells. A relationship between IL-18 overexpression and drug resistance was also observed following targeted assessment of 10 cytokine genes using quantitative RT-PCR. miRNA expression profiles were evaluated in the MPM cell line panel in order to discern the mechanism of IL-18 induction in the drug-resistant lines. We found that miR-379 and miR-411 belonged to the same cluster of miRNAs located on chromosome 14q32 that commonly target the IL-18 gene. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-379 and miR-411 directly target the IL-18 gene. Introduction of miR-379 plus miR-411, as well as IL-18 silencing, significantly suppressed the invasive capacity of MESO1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, the use of either PEM or SAHA together with miR-379 plus miR-411 mimics mediated increased sensitivity to these drugs in MESO1 cells. These results suggest that the miR-379/411 cluster may provide new therapeutic opportunities for advanced MPM patients, depending on the nature of IL-18 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Susumu Takeuchi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Chie Soeno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miyanaga
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Rintaro Noro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yuji Minegishi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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Hwang KE, Kim YS, Hwang YR, Kwon SJ, Park DS, Cha BK, Kim BR, Yoon KH, Jeong ET, Kim HR. Enhanced apoptosis by pemetrexed and simvastatin in malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer cells by reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and Bim induction. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1769-77. [PMID: 25096993 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed is a multitarget antifolate currently used for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors used primarily for hyperlidpidemia, have been studied for their antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. However, the effects of simvastatin on pemetrexed-induced apoptosis have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated whether combination treatment with pemetrexed and simvastatin potentiates the apoptotic activity above that is seen with either drug alone in malignant mesothelioma and NSCLC cells. We found that the combination of pemetrexed and simvastatin induced more extensive caspase-dependent apoptosis than either drug alone in malignant mesothelioma cells (MSTO-211) or NSCLC cells (A549). In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in cells treated with both pemetrexed and simvastatin was markedly increased compared to cells treated with either pemetrexed or simvastatin alone. Combination treatment also increased the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and altered expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) families of apoptosis related proteins. On the other hand, pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction by pemetrexed and simvastatin. In addition, Bim siRNA conferred protection against apoptosis induced by pemetrexed and simvastatin. These results suggest that combination of pemetrexed and simvastatin potentiates their apoptotic activity beyond that of either drug alone in malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer cells. This activity is mediated through ROS-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and Bim induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Sim Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Ki Cha
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Ryun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Taik Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Ryul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Gueugnon F, Cartron PF, Charrier C, Bertrand P, Fonteneau JF, Gregoire M, Blanquart C. New histone deacetylase inhibitors improve cisplatin antitumor properties against thoracic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2014; 5:4504-15. [PMID: 24980825 PMCID: PMC4147341 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have shown promising antitumor effects on numerous cancer cells including malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and lung adenocarcinoma (ADCA) cells. However, clinical trials using these compounds alone have shown limited efficacy against solid tumors. Therefore, new molecules are being developed and combinations with classical chemotherapeutic drugs are being tested. Here, we have evaluated on three MPM and three lung ADCA cell lines the antitumor potential of four new HDACi compounds, either alone or in combination with cisplatin. These effects were compared with those of vorinostat, an HDACi approved for cancer treatments. First, we characterized the HDAC mRNA expression profiles of tumor cells and showed an increase of the classI/classII HDAC ratio. We then treated cancer cells with these new HDACi and observed a cell-death induction and an increase of HDACi target genes and proteins expression. This was particularly evident for NODH compound (pan-HDACi) which had similar effects at nanomolar concentrations as micromolar concentrations of vorinostat. Interestingly, we observed that the HDACi/cisplatin combination strongly increased cell-death and limited resistance-phenotype emergence as compared with results obtained when the drugs were used alone. These results could be exploited to develop MPM and lung ADCA treatments combining chemotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Gueugnon
- Inserm, U892, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Université Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-François Cartron
- Inserm, U892, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Université Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Réseau Epigénétique du Canceropôle Grand Ouest
| | - Cedric Charrier
- CNRS, UMR7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Philippe Bertrand
- Réseau Epigénétique du Canceropôle Grand Ouest
- CNRS, UMR7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-François Fonteneau
- Inserm, U892, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Université Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Gregoire
- Inserm, U892, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Université Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Blanquart
- Inserm, U892, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Université Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Réseau Epigénétique du Canceropôle Grand Ouest
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Cortes-Dericks L, Froment L, Boesch R, Schmid RA, Karoubi G. Cisplatin-resistant cells in malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines show ALDH(high)CD44(+) phenotype and sphere-forming capacity. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:304. [PMID: 24884875 PMCID: PMC4021184 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has minimal impact on patient survival due to the supposed chemoresistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). We sought to identify a sub-population of chemoresistant cells by using putative CSC markers, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD44 in three MPM cell lines; H28, H2052 and Meso4. Methods The Aldefluor assay was used to measure ALDH activity and sort ALDHhigh and ALDHlow cells. Drug-resistance was evaluated by cell viability, anchorage-independent sphere formation, flow-cytometry and qRT-PCR analyses. Results The ALDHhigh - and ALDHlow -sorted fractions were able to demonstrate phenotypic heterogeneity and generate spheres, the latter being less efficient, and both showed an association with CD44. Cis- diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) treatment failed to reduce ALDH activity and conferred only a short-term inhibition of sphere generation in both ALDHhigh and ALDHlow fractions of the three MPM cell lines. Induction of drug sensitivity by an ALDH inhibitor, diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) resulted in significant reductions in cell viability but not a complete elimination of the sphere-forming cells, suggestive of the presence of a drug-resistant subpopulation. At the transcript level, the cisplatin + DEAB-resistant cells showed upregulated mRNA expression levels for ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3 isozymes and CD44 indicating the involvement of these markers in conferring chemoresistance in both ALDHhigh and ALDHlow fractions of the three MPM cell lines. Conclusions Our study shows that ALDHhigh CD44+ cells are implicated in conveying tolerance to cisplatin in the three MPM cell lines. The combined use of CD44 and ALDH widens the window for identification and targeting of a drug-resistant population which may improve the current treatment modalities in mesothelioma.
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Alessio M, Zanellato I, Bonarrigo I, Gabano E, Ravera M, Osella D. Antiproliferative activity of Pt(IV)-bis(carboxylato) conjugates on malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 129:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vandermeers F, Neelature Sriramareddy S, Costa C, Hubaux R, Cosse JP, Willems L. The role of epigenetics in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2013; 81:311-318. [PMID: 23790315 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Vandermeers
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA-Cancer) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Sathya Neelature Sriramareddy
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA-Cancer) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Chrisostome Costa
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA-Cancer) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Roland Hubaux
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA-Cancer) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Cosse
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA-Cancer) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA-Cancer) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium.
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38
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Tuerdi G, Ichinomiya S, Sato H, Siddig S, Suwa E, Iwata H, Yano T, Ueno K. Synergistic effect of combined treatment with gamma-tocotrienol and statin on human malignant mesothelioma cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 339:116-27. [PMID: 23879968 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study is the first to demonstrate the synergetic effect of statins (atorvastatin and simvastatin) and gamma-tocotrienol (γ-T3) on human malignant mesothelioma (MM). Statin + γ-T3 combinations induced greater cell growth inhibition more than each single treatment via inhibition of mevalonate pathway, a well-known target of both γ-T3 and statins. γ-T3 was necessary for endoplasmic reticulum stress markers CHOP and GRP78, whereas an intrinsic apoptotic marker, caspase 3 activation was induced only in the presence of statins. Overall, the combination of γ-T3 and statins could be useful for MM therapy and functions in a complementary style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guligena Tuerdi
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Khan S, Jena GB. Effect of sodium valproate on the toxicity of cyclophosphamide in the testes of mice: influence of pre- and post-treatment schedule. Toxicol Int 2013; 20:68-76. [PMID: 23833441 PMCID: PMC3702131 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, sodium valproate (VPA) has been proven as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and potentiates the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs, and also exhibit promising anti-cancer activity. Present study aimed to investigate the influence of pre- and post-treatment of VPA on cyclophosphamide (CP) induced genotoxicity and germ cell toxicity in mice. All the animals were treated with VPA at the dose of 500 mg/kg/day on alternate day thrice/week for a period of two weeks, CP at the dose of 200 mg/kg on 7th and 15th day and sacrificed 24 h after administration (i.p.) of the last dose. End point of evaluation includes sperm count, sperm head morphology, sperm comet assay and histology. VPA treatment significantly decreases CP induced sperm count, testes and epididymis weight; increased sperm head abnormality and sperm DNA damage. Both VPA pre- and post-treatment augmented CP induced DNA damage and the germ cell toxicity; however, pre-treatment induced more cytotoxicity and genotoxicity as compared to post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
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40
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Shukla A, Miller JM, Cason C, Sayan M, MacPherson MB, Beuschel SL, Hillegass J, Vacek PM, Pass HI, Mossman BT. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5: a potential therapeutic target for malignant mesotheliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2071-83. [PMID: 23446998 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant mesothelioma is a devastating disease with a need for new treatment strategies. In the present study, we showed the importance of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in malignant mesothelioma tumor growth and treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ERK5 as a target for malignant mesothelioma therapy was verified using mesothelial and mesothelioma cell lines as well as by xenograft severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse models. RESULTS We first showed that crocidolite asbestos activated ERK5 in LP9 cells and mesothelioma cell lines exhibit constitutive activation of ERK5. Addition of doxorubicin resulted in further activation of ERK5 in malignant mesothelioma cells. ERK5 silencing increased doxorubicin-induced cell death and doxorubicin retention in malignant mesothelioma cells. In addition, shERK5 malignant mesothelioma lines exhibited both attenuated colony formation on soft agar and invasion of malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro that could be related to modulation of gene expression linked to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration/invasion, and drug resistance as shown by microarray analysis. Most importantly, injection of shERK5 malignant mesothelioma cell lines into SCID mice showed significant reduction in tumor growth using both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal models. Assessment of selected human cytokine profiles in peritoneal lavage fluid from intraperitoneal shERK5 and control tumor-bearing mice showed that ERK5 was critical in regulation of various proinflammatory (RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1) and angiogenesis-related (interleukin-8, VEGF) cytokines. Finally, use of doxorubicin and cisplatin in combination with ERK5 inhibition showed further reduction in tumor weight and volume in the intraperitoneal model of tumor growth. CONCLUSION ERK5 inhibition in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs is a beneficial strategy for combination therapy in patients with malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
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Zanellato I, Bonarrigo I, Gabano E, Ravera M, Margiotta N, Betta PG, Osella D. Metallo-drugs in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gillet N, Vandermeers F, de Brogniez A, Florins A, Nigro A, François C, Bouzar AB, Verlaeten O, Stern E, Lambert DM, Wouters J, Willems L. Chemoresistance to Valproate Treatment of Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Sheep; Identification of Improved HDAC Inhibitors. Pathogens 2012; 1:65-82. [PMID: 25436765 PMCID: PMC4235689 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens1020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously proved that a histone deacetylase inhibitor (valproate, VPA) decreases the number of leukemic cells in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected sheep. Here, we characterize the mechanisms initiated upon interruption of treatment. We observed that VPA treatment is followed by a decrease of the B cell counts and proviral loads (copies per blood volume). However, all sheep eventually relapsed after different periods of time and became refractory to further VPA treatment. Sheep remained persistently infected with BLV. B lymphocytes isolated throughout treatment and relapse were responsive to VPA-induced apoptosis in cell culture. B cell proliferation is only marginally affected by VPA ex vivo. Interestingly, in four out of five sheep, ex vivo viral expression was nearly undetectable at the time of relapse. In two sheep, a new tumoral clone arose, most likely revealing a selection process exerted by VPA in vivo. We conclude that the interruption of VPA treatment leads to the resurgence of the leukemia in BLV-infected sheep and hypothesize that resistance to further treatment might be due to the failure of viral expression induction. The development of more potent HDAC inhibitors and/or the combination with other compounds can overcome chemoresistance. These observations in the BLV model may be important for therapies against the related Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gillet
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Fabian Vandermeers
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Alix de Brogniez
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Arnaud Florins
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Annamaria Nigro
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Carole François
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Amel-Baya Bouzar
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Verlaeten
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Eric Stern
- Pharmaceutic Chemistry and Radiopharmacy Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels 1000, Belgium.
| | - Didier M Lambert
- Pharmaceutic Chemistry and Radiopharmacy Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels 1000, Belgium.
| | - Johan Wouters
- Biological Chemistry, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
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Diyabalanage HVK, Granda ML, Hooker JM. Combination therapy: histone deacetylase inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapeutics for cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 329:1-8. [PMID: 23032720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the most promising strategies to increase the efficacy of standard chemotherapy drugs is by combining them with low doses of histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis). Regarded as chemosensitizers, the addition of well-tolerated doses of HDACis to platinum-based chemotherapeutics has been proven in vitro and in vivo in recent studies for many cancer types and stages. In this review, we discuss the most commonly used combinations of histone deacetylase inhibitors and platinum based drugs in the context of their possible mechanisms, efficiency, efficacy, and related drawbacks in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himashinie V K Diyabalanage
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
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Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare, highly aggressive cancer arising from mesothelial cells that line the pleural cavities. Approximately 80% of mesothelioma cases can be directly attributed to asbestos exposure. Additional suspected causes or co-carcinogens include other mineral fibres, simian virus 40 (SV40) and radiation. A mesothelioma epidemic in Turkey has demonstrated a probable genetic predisposition to mineral fibre carcinogenesis and studies of human tissues and animal models of mesothelioma have demonstrated genetic and epigenetic events that contribute to the multistep process of mineral fibre carcinogenesis. Several growth factors and their receptors have a significant role in the oncogenesis, progression and resistance to therapy of mesothelioma. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) have been shown as targets for therapy based on promising preclinical data. However, clinical trials of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in mesothelioma have been disappointing. Bcl-XL is an important antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family and is overexpressed in several solid tumours, including mesothelioma. Reduction of Bcl-XL expression in mesothelioma induces apoptosis and engenders sensitisation to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Pharmacological inhibitors of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members continue to undergo refinement and have shown promise in mesothelioma.
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45
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Favoni RE, Daga A, Malatesta P, Florio T. Preclinical studies identify novel targeted pharmacological strategies for treatment of human malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:532-53. [PMID: 22289125 PMCID: PMC3417486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human malignant pleural mesothelioma (hMPM) is still increasing worldwide. hMPM prognosis is poor even if the median survival time has been slightly improved after the introduction of the up-to-date chemotherapy. Nevertheless, large phase II/III trials support the combination of platinum derivatives and pemetrexed or raltitrexed, as preferred first-line schedule. Better understanding of the molecular machinery of hMPM will lead to the design and synthesis of novel compounds targeted against pathways identified as crucial for hMPM cell proliferation and spreading. Among them, several receptors tyrosine kinase show altered activity in subsets of hMPM. This observation suggests that these kinases might represent novel therapeutic targets in this chemotherapy-resistant disease. Over these foundations, several promising studies are ongoing at preclinical level and novel molecules are currently under evaluation as well. Yet, established tumour cell lines, used for decades to investigate the efficacy of anticancer agents, although still the main source of drug efficacy studies, after long-term cultures tend to biologically diverge from the original tumour, limiting the predictive potential of in vivo efficacy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of malignant cells capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, are believed to play an essential role in cancer initiation, growth, metastasization and relapse, being responsible of chemo- and radiotherapy refractoriness. According to the current carcinogenesis theory, CSCs represent the tumour-initiating cell (TIC) fraction, the only clonogenic subpopulation able to originate a tumour mass. Consequently, the recently described isolation of TICs from hMPM, the proposed main pharmacological target for novel antitumoural drugs, may contribute to better dissect the biology and multidrug resistance pathways controlling hMPM growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto E Favoni
- IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Laboratory of Gene Transfer, Genoa, Italy.
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Kwiecińska P, Taubøll E, Gregoraszczuk EŁ. Comparison of the effects of valproic acid and levetiracetam on apoptosis in the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:603-14. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Quispel-Janssen JMMF, Baas P. Emerging therapies for malignant pleural mesothelioma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-012-0010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Roulois D, Blanquart C, Panterne C, Gueugnon F, Grégoire M, Fonteneau JF. Downregulation of MUC1 expression and its recognition by CD8+ T cells on the surface of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells treated with HDACi. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:783-9. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hurwitz JL, Stasik I, Kerr EM, Holohan C, Redmond KM, McLaughlin KM, Busacca S, Barbone D, Broaddus VC, Gray SG, O'Byrne KJ, Johnston PG, Fennell DA, Longley DB. Vorinostat/SAHA-induced apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma is FLIP/caspase 8-dependent and HR23B-independent. Eur J Cancer 2011; 48:1096-107. [PMID: 22154545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rapidly fatal malignancy that is increasing in incidence. The caspase 8 inhibitor FLIP is an anti-apoptotic protein over-expressed in several cancer types including MPM. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) is currently being evaluated in relapsed mesothelioma. We examined the roles of FLIP and caspase 8 in regulating SAHA-induced apoptosis in MPM. METHODS The mechanism of SAHA-induced apoptosis was assessed in 7 MPM cell lines and in a multicellular spheroid model. SiRNA and overexpression approaches were used, and cell death was assessed by flow cytometry, Western blotting and clonogenic assays. RESULTS RNAi-mediated FLIP silencing resulted in caspase 8-dependent apoptosis in MPM cell line models. SAHA potently down-regulated FLIP protein expression in all 7 MPM cell lines and in a multicellular spheroid model of MPM. In 6/7 MPM cell lines, SAHA treatment resulted in significant levels of apoptosis induction. Moreover, this apoptosis was caspase 8-dependent in all six sensitive cell lines. SAHA-induced apoptosis was also inhibited by stable FLIP overexpression. In contrast, down-regulation of HR23B, a candidate predictive biomarker for HDAC inhibitors, significantly inhibited SAHA-induced apoptosis in only 1/6 SAHA-sensitive MPM cell lines. Analysis of MPM patient samples demonstrated significant inter-patient variations in FLIP and caspase 8 expressions. In addition, SAHA enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in a FLIP-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that FLIP is a major target for SAHA in MPM and identifies FLIP, caspase 8 and associated signalling molecules as candidate biomarkers for SAHA in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Hurwitz
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Abstract
Pleural malignancies, including primary malignant pleural mesothelioma and secondary pleural metastasis of various tumours resulting in malignant pleural effusion, are frequent and lethal diseases that deserve devoted translational research efforts for improvements to be introduced to the clinic. This paper highlights select clinical advances that have been accomplished recently and that are based on preclinical research on pleural malignancies. Examples are the establishment of folate antimetabolites in mesothelioma treatment, the use of PET in mesothelioma management and the discovery of mesothelin as a marker of mesothelioma. In addition to established translational advances, this text focuses on recent research findings that are anticipated to impact clinical pleural oncology in the near future. Such progress has been substantial, including the development of a genetic mouse model of mesothelioma and of transplantable models of pleural malignancies in immunocompetent hosts, the deployment of stereological and imaging methods for integral assessment of pleural tumour burden, as well as the discovery of the therapeutic potential of aminobiphosphonates, histone deacetylase inhibitors and ribonucleases against malignant pleural disease. Finally, key obstacles to overcome towards a more rapid advancement of translational research in pleural malignancies are outlined. These include the dissection of cell-autonomous and paracrine pathways of pleural tumour progression, the study of mesothelioma and malignant pleural effusion separately from other tumours at both the clinical and preclinical levels, and the expansion of tissue banks and consortia of clinical research of pleural malignancies.
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