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Zhang X, Li M, Gai Y, Chen J, Tao J, Yang L, Hu F, Song W, Yen TC, Lan X. 18F-PFPN PET: A New and Attractive Imaging Modality for Patients with Malignant Melanoma. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1537-1543. [PMID: 35115367 PMCID: PMC9536710 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-FDG PET has limited diagnostic applications in malignant melanoma (MM). 18F-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-5-(2-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)picolinamide (18F-PFPN) is a novel PET probe with high affinity and selectivity for melanin. We conducted a clinical study with 2 aims, first to investigate the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 18F-PFPN in healthy volunteers, and second, to examine the diagnostic utility of 18F-PFPN PET imaging in patients with MM. Methods: 18F-PFPN was synthesized through a fluoro-for-tosyl exchange reaction. Five healthy volunteers were enrolled to investigate the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, radiation dosimetry, and safety of the tracer. Subsequently, a total of 21 patients with clinically suspected or confirmed MM underwent both 18F-PFPN PET/MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. The normalized SUVmax of selected lesions was determined for both tracers and compared in patient- and lesion-based analyses. Results: 18F-PFPN has an elevated radiochemical yield and was highly stable in vivo. In healthy volunteers, 18F-PFPN was safe and well tolerated, and its effective absorbed dose was comparable to that of 18F-FDG. In patient-based analysis, 18F-PFPN uptake was higher than 18F-FDG for both primary tumors and nodal metastases. In lesion-based analysis,18F-PFPN PET imaging could detect 365 metastases that were missed on 18F-FDG PET. Additionally, 18F-PFPN PET imaging had clinical value in distinguishing false-positive lesions on 18F-FDG PET. Conclusion: 18F-PFPN is a safe and well-tolerated melanin PET tracer. In a pilot clinical study, 18F-PFPN PET imaging outperformed traditional 18F-FDG PET in identifying both primary MM and its distant spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyu Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; and
- Aprinoia Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
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2
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Rouanet J, Quintana M, Auzeloux P, Cachin F, Degoul F. Benzamide derivative radiotracers targeting melanin for melanoma imaging and therapy: Preclinical/clinical development and combination with other treatments. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107829. [PMID: 33662452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma arises from proliferating melanocytes, cells specialized in the production of melanin. This property means melanin can be considered as a target for monitoring melanoma patients using nuclear imaging or targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Since the 1970s, many researchers have shown that specific molecules can interfere with melanin. This paper reviews some such molecules: benzamide structures improved to increase their pharmacokinetics for imaging or TRT. We first describe the characteristics and biosynthesis of melanin, and the main features of melanin tracers. The second part summarizes the preclinical and corresponding clinical studies on imaging. The last section presents TRT results from ongoing protocols and discusses combinations with other therapies as an opportunity for melanoma non-responders or patients resistant to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Rouanet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France; Department of Dermatology and Oncodermatology, CHU Estaing, 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand F-63011, France.
| | - Mercedes Quintana
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Auzeloux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France.
| | - Florent Cachin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand F-63011, France.
| | - Françoise Degoul
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France.
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Galeb HA, Wilkinson EL, Stowell AF, Lin H, Murphy ST, Martin‐Hirsch PL, Mort RL, Taylor AM, Hardy JG. Melanins as Sustainable Resources for Advanced Biotechnological Applications. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2000102. [PMID: 33552556 PMCID: PMC7857133 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are a class of biopolymers that are widespread in nature and have diverse origins, chemical compositions, and functions. Their chemical, electrical, optical, and paramagnetic properties offer opportunities for applications in materials science, particularly for medical and technical uses. This review focuses on the application of analytical techniques to study melanins in multidisciplinary contexts with a view to their use as sustainable resources for advanced biotechnological applications, and how these may facilitate the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A. Galeb
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- Department of ChemistryScience and Arts CollegeRabigh CampusKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21577Saudi Arabia
| | - Emma L. Wilkinson
- Department of Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YGUK
| | - Alison F. Stowell
- Department of Organisation, Work and TechnologyLancaster University Management SchoolLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YXUK
| | - Hungyen Lin
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - Samuel T. Murphy
- Department of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
- Materials Science InstituteLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
| | - Pierre L. Martin‐Hirsch
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustRoyal Preston HospitalSharoe Green LanePrestonPR2 9HTUK
| | - Richard L. Mort
- Department of Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YGUK
| | - Adam M. Taylor
- Lancaster Medical SchoolLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YWUK
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
- Materials Science InstituteLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YBUK
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4
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Almeida-Silva F, Gonçalves DDS, de Abreu Almeida M, Guimarães AJ. Current Aspects of Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Histoplasmosis and Future Trends: Moving onto a New Immune (Diagnosis and Therapeutic) Era? CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-019-00118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Wei W, Jiang D, Ehlerding EB, Barnhart TE, Yang Y, Engle JW, Luo Q, Huang P, Cai W. CD146-Targeted Multimodal Image-Guided Photoimmunotherapy of Melanoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801237. [PMID: 31065511 PMCID: PMC6498137 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
For melanoma resistant to molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. A molecularly targeted theranostic pair may thus be of importance, where the diagnostic probe facilitates patient stratification and the therapeutic companion treats the selected cases. For this purpose, flow cytometry is used to assess the CD146 level in melanoma cells. Based on YY146, a CD146-specific monoclonal antibody, an imaging probe 89Zr-Df-YY146 is synthesized and its diagnostic performance is evaluated by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Furthermore, a photoimmunotherapy (PIT) agent IR700-YY146 is developed and the therapeutic effect of IR700-YY146 PIT is assessed comprehensively. CD146 is highly expressed in A375 and SK-MEL-5 cells. 89Zr-Df-YY146 PET readily detects CD146-positive A375 melanomas. Tumor accumulation of 89Zr-Df-YY146 peaks at 72 h with an uptake value of 26.48 ± 3.28%ID g-1, whereas the highest uptake of the nonspecific 89Zr-Df-IgG is 4.80 ± 1.75%ID g-1. More importantly, IR700-YY146 PIT effectively inhibits the growth of A375 tumors, owing to production of reactive oxygen species, decreased glucose metabolism, and reduced expression of CD146. To conclude, 89Zr-Df-YY146 and IR700-YY146 are a promising theranostic pair with the former revealing CD146 expression in melanoma as a PET probe and the latter specifically treating CD146-positive melanoma as an effective PIT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound ImagingCarson International Cancer CenterLaboratory of Evolutionary TheranosticsSchool of Biomedical EngineeringHealth Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Department of Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Department of Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Yunan Yang
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
| | - Quan‐Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound ImagingCarson International Cancer CenterLaboratory of Evolutionary TheranosticsSchool of Biomedical EngineeringHealth Science CenterShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
- Department of Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53705USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWI53705USA
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6
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Wei W, Ehlerding EB, Lan X, Luo Q, Cai W. PET and SPECT imaging of melanoma: the state of the art. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:132-150. [PMID: 29085965 PMCID: PMC5700861 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma represents the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and its incidence continues to rise worldwide. 18F-FDG PET imaging has transformed diagnostic nuclear medicine and has become an essential component in the management of melanoma, but still has its drawbacks. With the rapid growth in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, a variety of promising probes that enable early diagnosis and detection of melanoma have been developed. The substantial preclinical success of melanin- and peptide-based probes has recently resulted in the translation of several radiotracers to clinical settings for noninvasive imaging and treatment of melanoma in humans. In this review, we focus on the latest developments in radiolabeled molecular imaging probes for melanoma in preclinical and clinical settings, and discuss the challenges and opportunities for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600# Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Emily B Ehlerding
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Quanyong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600# Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room 7137, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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7
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Viallard C, Chezal JM, Mishellany F, Ranchon-Cole I, Pereira B, Herbette A, Besse S, Boudhraa Z, Jacquemot N, Cayre A, Miot-Noirault E, Sun JS, Dutreix M, Degoul F. Targeting DNA repair by coDbait enhances melanoma targeted radionuclide therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12927-36. [PMID: 26887045 PMCID: PMC4914332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiolabelled melanin ligands offer an interesting strategy for the treatment of disseminated pigmented melanoma. One of these molecules, ICF01012 labelled with iodine 131, induced a significant slowing of melanoma growth. Here, we have explored the combination of [131I]ICF01012 with coDbait, a DNA repair inhibitor, to overcome melanoma radioresistance and increase targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) efficacy. In human SK-Mel 3 melanoma xenograft, the addition of coDbait had a synergistic effect on tumor growth and median survival. The anti-tumor effect was additive in murine syngeneic B16Bl6 model whereas coDbait combination with [131I]ICF01012 did not increase TRT side effects in secondary pigmented tissues (e.g. hair follicles, eyes). Our results confirm that DNA lesions induced by TRT were not enhanced with coDbait association but, the presence of micronuclei and cell cycle blockade in tumor shows that coDbait acts by interrupting or delaying DNA repair. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time, the usefulness of DNA repair traps in the context of targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Viallard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inserm, U 990, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inserm, U 990, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Mishellany
- Anatomopathology Department, Centre Jean Perrin, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Ranchon-Cole
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Inserm U 1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Aurélie Herbette
- CNRS-UMR3347, INSERMU1021, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sud, Bat 110, Centre Universitaire 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Besse
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inserm, U 990, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Zied Boudhraa
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inserm, U 990, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Jacquemot
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Inserm U 1107, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne Cayre
- Anatomopathology Department, Centre Jean Perrin, Comprehensive Cancer Center, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inserm, U 990, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Marie Dutreix
- CNRS-UMR3347, INSERMU1021, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sud, Bat 110, Centre Universitaire 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Degoul
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inserm, U 990, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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8
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Characterization of the antifungal functions of a WGA-Fc (IgG2a) fusion protein binding to cell wall chitin oligomers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12187. [PMID: 28939893 PMCID: PMC5610272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of therapeutic strategies for mycosis require the protracted administration of antifungals, which can result in significant toxicities and have unacceptable failure rates. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of improved therapeutic approaches, and monoclonal antibody-based drugs are potentially a powerful alternative to standard antifungals. To develop a broad antibody-like reagent against mycosis, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was linked to the effector Fc region of murine IgG2a. The resultant WGA-Fc displayed high affinity to purified chitin and bound efficiently to fungal cell walls, co-localizing with chitin, in patterns ranging from circular (Histoplasma capsulatum) to punctate (Cryptococcus neoformans) to labeling at the bud sites (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). WGA-Fc directly inhibited fungal growth in standard cultures. WGA-Fc opsonization increased fungal phagocytosis, as well augmented the antifungal functions by macrophages. Prophylactic administration of WGA-Fc fully protected mice against H. capsulatum, correlating with a reduction in lung, spleen and liver fungal burdens. Administration of WGA-Fc also dramatically diminished pulmonary inflammation. Hence, the opsonic activity of WGA-Fc effectively modulates fungal cell recognition and promotes the elimination of fungal pathogens. Therefore, we propose WGA-Fc as a potential “pan-fungal” therapeutic that should be further developed for use against invasive mycoses.
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Abstract
An estimated 60,000 individuals in the United States and 132,000 worldwide are yearly diagnosed with melanoma. Until recently, treatment options for patients with stages III-IV metastatic disease were limited and offered marginal, if any, improvement in overall survival. The situation changed with the introduction of B-RAF inhibitors and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapies into the clinical practice. With only some patients responding well to the immune therapies and with very serious side effects and high costs of immunotherapy, there is still room for other approaches for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Targeted radionuclide therapy of melanoma could be divided into the domains of radioimmunotherapy (RIT), radiolabeled peptides, and radiolabeled small molecules. RIT of melanoma is currently experiencing a renaissance with the clinical trials of alpha-emitter (213)Bi-labeled and beta-emitter (188)Rhenium-labeled monoclonal antibodies in patients with metastatic melanoma producing encouraging results. The investigation of the mechanism of efficacy of melanoma RIT points at killing of melanoma stem cells by RIT and involvement of immune system such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The domain of radiolabeled peptides for targeted melanoma therapy has been preclinical so far, with work concentrated on radiolabeled peptide analogues of melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor and on melanin-binding peptides. The field of radiolabeled small molecule produced radioiodinated benzamides that cross the cellular membrane and bind to the intracellular melanin. The recent clinical trial demonstrated measurable antitumor effects and no acute or midterm toxicities. We are hopeful that the targeted radionuclide therapy of metastatic melanoma would become a clinical reality as a stand-alone therapy or in combination with the immunotherapies such as anti-PD1 programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibodies within the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Norain
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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10
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Targeted therapy of osteosarcoma with radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to an insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (IGF2R). Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:812-817. [PMID: 27744117 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteosarcoma overall survival has plateaued around 70%, without meaningful improvements in over 30years. Outcomes for patients with overt metastatic disease at presentation or who relapse are dismal. In this study we investigated a novel osteosarcoma therapy utilizing radioimmunotherapy (RIT) targeted to IGF2R, which is widely expressed in OS. METHODS Binding efficiency of the Rhenium-188(188Re)-labeled IGF2R-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) to IGF2R on OS17 OS cells was assessed with Scatchard plot analysis. Biodistribution studies were performed in heterotopic murine osteosarcoma xenografts. Tumor growth was compared over a 24-day period post-treatment between mice randomized to receive 188Re-labeled IGF2R-specific murine mAb MEM-238 (188Re-MEM-238) or one of three controls: 188Re-labeled isotype control mAb, unlabeled MEM-238, or no treatment. RESULTS Results demonstrate that the radioimmunoconjugate had a high binding constant to IGF2R. Both 188Re-MEM-238 and the isotype control had similar initial distribution in normal tissue. After 48h 188Re-MEM-238 exhibited a 1.8 fold selective uptake within tumor compared to the isotype control (p=0.057). Over 24days, the tumor growth ratio was suppressed in animals treated with RIT compared to unlabeled and untreated controls (p=0.005) as demonstrated by a 38% reduction of IGF2R expressing osteosarcoma cells in the RIT group (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, given the lack of new effective therapies in osteosarcoma, additional investigation into this target is warranted. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE High expression of IGF2R on osteosarcoma tumors, paired with the specificity and in vivo anti-cancer activity of 188Re-labeled IGF2R-specific mAb suggests that IGF2R may represent a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of osteosarcoma. IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE This targeted approach offers the benefits of being independent of a specific pathway, a resistance mechanism, and/or an inherent biologic tumor trait and therefore is relevant to all OS tumors that express IGF2R.
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11
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Nosanchuk JD, Nosanchuk MD, Rodrigues ML, Nimrichter L, de Carvalho ACC, Weiss LM, Spray DC, Tanowitz HB. The Einstein-Brazil Fogarty: A decade of synergy. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:945-55. [PMID: 26691452 PMCID: PMC4704644 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246420140975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A rich, collaborative program funded by the US NIH Fogarty program in 2004 has provided for a decade of remarkable opportunities for scientific advancement through the training of Brazilian undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students from the Federal University and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation systems at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The focus of the program has been on the development of trainees in the broad field of Infectious Diseases, with a particular focus on diseases of importance to the Brazilian population. Talented trainees from various regions in Brazil came to Einstein to learn techniques and study fungal, parasitic and bacterial pathogens. In total, 43 trainees enthusiastically participated in the program. In addition to laboratory work, these students took a variety of courses at Einstein, presented their results at local, national and international meetings, and productively published their findings. This program has led to a remarkable synergy of scientific discovery for the participants during a time of rapid acceleration of the scientific growth in Brazil. This collaboration between Brazilian and US scientists has benefitted both countries and serves as a model for future training programs between these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
- Send correspondence to J.D. Nosanchuk. Departments of Medicine,
Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA.
E-mail:
| | - Murphy D. Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Louis M. Weiss
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
| | - David C. Spray
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
| | - Herbert B. Tanowitz
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) has emerged in the last decade as a dominant imaging modality used for staging, monitoring response and surveillance of various cancers, including melanoma. Using 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) as the radiopharmaceutical, PET/CT has demonstrated its efficacy and its utility in the management of patients with advanced melanoma. Nonetheless, challenges remain in the early stage evaluation of melanoma and in the development of novel radiotracers to better characterize lesions found on PET/CT. This chapter focuses on the advantages and limitations of this imaging modality in melanoma. We also detail and describe the approach to perform (18)F-FDG PET/CT, the methods to accurately quantify lesions, as well as the pearls/pitfalls of image interpretation. Finally, an overview of preclinical and investigational clinical radiopharmaceuticals is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khun Visith Keu
- Département de Radiobiologie et de Médecine Nucléaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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13
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Effect of naive and radiolabeled rhTRAIL on the cervical cancer xenografts in mice. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:139-47. [PMID: 24483193 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for novel treatments of advanced cervical cancer. We investigated the utility of recombinant human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rhTRAIL), a molecule capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, for the therapy of CasKi cervical cancer xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS CasKi cells proved to be sensitive in vitro to rhTRAIL with an IC50 of 120 ng/ml. (125)I-tagged rhTRAIL specifically accumulated in CasKi tumors in mice with the highest uptake of 9.4% ID/g at 2 h post-injection. Both naive and 200 µCi (188)Re-tagged rhTRAIL administered in the amount of 0.35 mg/kg body weight significantly retarded CasKi tumor growth to the same extent in mice without the side effects of cisplatin chemotherapeutic control. CONCLUSION rhTRAIL is a promising novel agent for treatment of advanced cervical cancer.
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Mier W, Kratochwil C, Hassel JC, Giesel FL, Beijer B, Babich JW, Friebe M, Eisenhut M, Enk A, Haberkorn U. Radiopharmaceutical therapy of patients with metastasized melanoma with the melanin-binding benzamide 131I-BA52. J Nucl Med 2013; 55:9-14. [PMID: 24277756 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The performance of cytotoxic drugs is defined by their selectivity of uptake and action in tumor tissue. Recent clinical responses achieved by treating metastatic malignant melanoma with therapeutic modalities based on gene expression profiling showed that malignant melanoma is amenable to systemic treatment. However, these responses are not persistent, and complementary targeted treatment strategies are required for malignant melanoma. METHODS Here we provide our experience with different labeling procedures for the radioiodination of benzamides and report on initial dosimetry data and the first therapeutic application of (131)I-BA52, a novel melanin-binding benzamide in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Twenty-six adults with histologically documented metastasized malignant melanoma received a single dose of 235 ± 62 MBq of (123)I-BA52 for planar and SPECT/CT imaging. Nine patients were selected for radionuclide therapy and received a median of 4 GBq (minimum, 0.51 GBq; maximum, 6.60 GBq) of the β-emitting radiopharmaceutical (131)I-BA52. RESULTS A trimethyltin precursor-based synthesis demonstrated high radiochemical yields in the large-scale production of radioiodinated benzamides required for clinical application. (123)I-BA52 showed specific uptake and long-term retention in tumor tissue with low transient uptake in the excretory organs. In tumor tissue, a maximum dose of 12.2 Gy per GBq of (131)I-BA52 was calculated. The highest estimated dose to a normal organ was found for the lung (mean, 3.1 Gy/GBq). No relevant acute or mid-term toxicity was observed with the doses administered until now. Even though dosimetric calculations reveal that the doses applied in this early phase of clinical application can be significantly increased, we observed antitumor effects with follow-up imaging, and single patients of the benzamide-positive cohort of patients (3/5 of the patients receiving a dose > 4.3 GBq) demonstrated a surprisingly long survival of more than 2 y. CONCLUSION These data indicate that systemic radionuclide therapy using (131)I-BA52 as a novel approach for the therapy of malignant melanoma is of considerable potential. Future trials should be done to enhance the precision of dosimetry, validate the maximum tolerable dose, and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment in a prospective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Liu H, Liu S, Miao Z, Jiang H, Deng Z, Hong X, Cheng Z. A novel aliphatic 18F-labeled probe for PET imaging of melanoma. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3384-91. [PMID: 23927458 DOI: 10.1021/mp400225s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiofluorinated benzamide and nicotinamide analogues are promising molecular probes for the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of melanoma. Compounds containing aromatic (benzene or pyridine) and N,N-diethylethylenediamine groups have been successfully used for development of melanin targeted PET and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging agents for melanoma. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using aliphatic compounds as a molecular platform for the development of a new generation of PET probes for melanoma detection. An aliphatic N,N-diethylethylenediamine precursor was directly coupled to a radiofluorination synthon, p-nitrophenyl 2-(18)F-fluoropropionate ((18)F-NFP), to produce the probe N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2-(18)F-fluoropropanamide ((18)F-FPDA). The melanoma-targeting ability of (18)F-FPDA was further evaluated both in vitro and in vivo through cell uptake assays, biodistribution studies, and small animal PET imaging in C57BL/6 mice bearing B16F10 murine melanoma tumors. Beginning with the precursor (18)F-NFP, the total preparation time for (18)F-FPDA, including the final high-performance liquid chromatography purification step, was approximately 30 min, with a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 79.8%. The melanin-targeting specificity of (18)F-FPDA was demonstrated by significantly different uptake rates in tyrosine-treated and untreated B16F10 cells in vitro. The tumor uptake of (18)F-FPDA in vivo reached 2.65 ± 0.48 %ID/g at 2 h postinjection (p.i.) in pigment-enriched B16F10 xenografts, whereas the tumor uptake of (18)F-FPDA was close to the background levels, with rates of only 0.37 ± 0.07 %ID/g at 2 h p.i. in the nonpigmented U87MG tumor mouse model. Furthermore, small animal PET imaging studies revealed that (18)F-FPDA specifically targeted the melanotic B16F10 tumor, yielding a tumor-to-muscle ratio of approximately 4:1 at 1 h p.i. and 7:1 at 2 h p.i. In summary, we report the development of a novel (18)F-labeled aliphatic compound for melanoma imaging that can be easily synthesized in high yields using the radiosynthon (18)F-NFP. The PET probe (18)F-FPDA exhibits high B16F10 tumor-targeting efficacy and favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics. Our study demonstrates that aliphatic compounds can be used as a new generation molecular platform for the development of novel melanoma targeting agents. Further evaluation and optimization of (18)F-FPDA for melanin targeted molecular imaging are therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University , California, 94305-5344, United States
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16
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Jandl T, Revskaya E, Jiang Z, Bryan RA, Casadevall A, Dadachova E. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity of an antibody to melanin in radioimmunotherapy of metastatic melanoma. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:357-64. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Novel treatments for metastatic melanoma are urgently needed. Materials & methods: We developed radioimmunotherapy of metastatic melanoma using 6D2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to melanin with encouraging therapeutic results, preclinically and in patients. Results: We observed tumor suppression with the unlabeled 6D2 mAb and investigated its tumoricidal mechanisms. In melanoma tumor-bearing mice, we detected more complement-C3 deposition in the tumors from 188-rhenium-labeled 6D2 mAb-treated mice when compared with untreated controls. 6D2 and isotype-control mAb TEPC caused suppression of tumor growth in A2058 melanoma tumor-bearing mice. Tumors of mice treated with the unlabeled 6D2 mAb were infiltrated with more lymphocytes compared with controls. In vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity did not contribute to the tumor-suppressive effect of 6D2 mAb, while 6D2 mAb demonstrated a strong effect on initiating complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Conclusion: We concluded that 6D2 mAb mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity, resulting in killing of the tumor cells and suppression of tumor growth. These observations will help to improve the treatment protocols of radioimmunotherapy, as well as immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jandl
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ekaterina Revskaya
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Zewei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ruth A Bryan
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Morlieras J, Chezal JM, Miot-Noirault E, Roux A, Heinrich-Balard L, Cohen R, Tarrit S, Truillet C, Mignot A, Hachani R, Kryza D, Antoine R, Dugourd P, Perriat P, Janier M, Sancey L, Lux F, Tillement O. Development of gadolinium based nanoparticles having an affinity towards melanin. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1603-1615. [PMID: 23334308 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33457g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Small Rigid Platforms (SRPs) are sub-5 nanometre gadolinium based nanoparticles that have been developed for multimodal imaging and theranostic applications. They are composed of a polysiloxane network surrounded by gadolinium chelates. A covalent coupling with quinoxaline derivatives has been performed. Such derivatives have proven their affinity for melanin frequently expressed in primary melanoma cases. Three different quinoxaline derivatives have been synthesised and coupled to the nanoparticles. The affinity of the grafted nanoparticles for melanin has then been shown in vitro by surface plasmon resonance on a homemade melanin grafted gold chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Morlieras
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents, UMR 5620 CNRS - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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18
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Harris M, Wang XG, Jiang Z, Phaeton R, Koba W, Goldberg GL, Casadevall A, Dadachova E. Combined treatment of the experimental human papilloma virus-16-positive cervical and head and neck cancers with cisplatin and radioimmunotherapy targeting viral E6 oncoprotein. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:859-65. [PMID: 23385729 PMCID: PMC3590678 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV) is implicated in >99% of cervical cancers and ∼40% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We previously targeted E6 oncogene with (188)Rhenium-labelled monoclonal antibody (mAb) C1P5 to HPV16 E6 in cervical cancer and HNSCC. Intranuclear E6 can be accessed by mAbs in non-viable cells with leaky membranes. As radioimmunotherapy (RIT) efficacy depends on the availability of target protein-we hypothesised that pretreatment with cisplatin will kill some tumour cells and increase E6 availability for RIT. METHODS Mice with subcutaneous HPV16+ cervical (CasKi) and HNSCC (2A3) tumours were pretreated with 0-7.5 mg kg(-1) per day cisplatin for 3 days followed by (188)Re-C1P5 and biodistribution was performed 24 h later. For RIT, the animals were treated with: 5 mg kg(-1) per day cisplatin for 3 days; or 5 mg kg(-1) per day cisplatin for 3 days followed 200 or 400μCi (188)Re-C1P5 mAb; or 200 or 400μCi (188)Re-C1P5 mAb; or left untreated, and observed for tumour growth for 24 days. RESULTS Pretreatment with cisplatin increased the uptake of (188)Re-C1P5 in the tumours 2.5 to 3.5-fold and caused significant retardation in tumour growth for CasKi and 2A3 tumours in both RIT alone and cisplatin, and RIT groups in comparison with the untreated control and cisplatin alone groups (P<0.05). The combined treatment was more effective than either modality alone (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that preceding RIT targeting E6 oncogene with chemotherapy is effective in suppressing tumour growth in mouse models of HPV16+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harris
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Jandl T, Revskaya E, Jiang Z, Harris M, Dorokhova O, Tsukrov D, Casadevall A, Dadachova E. Melanoma stem cells in experimental melanoma are killed by radioimmunotherapy. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 40:177-81. [PMID: 23146306 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In spite of recently approved B-RAF inhibitors and immunomodulating antibodies, metastatic melanoma has poor prognosis and novel treatments are needed. Melanoma stem cells (MSC) have been implicated in the resistance of this tumor to chemotherapy. Recently we demonstrated in a Phase I clinical trial in patients with metastatic melanoma that radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with 188-Rhenium((188)Re)-6D2 antibody to melanin was a safe and effective modality. Here we investigated the interaction of MSC with RIT as a possible mechanism for RIT efficacy. METHODS Mice bearing A2058 melanoma xenografts were treated with either 1.5 mCi (188)Re-6D2 antibody, saline, unlabeled 6D2 antibody or (188)Re-labeled non-specific IgM. RESULTS On Day 28 post-treatment the tumor size in the RIT group was 4-times less than in controls (P<0.001). The tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and FACS for two MSC markers--chemoresistance mediator ABCB5 and H3K4 demethylase JARID1B. There were no significant differences between RIT and control groups in percentage of ABCB5 or JARID1B-positive cells in the tumor population. Our results demonstrate that unlike chemotherapy, which kills tumor cells but leaves behind MSC leading to recurrence, RIT kills MSC at the same rate as the rest of tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS These results have two main implications for melanoma treatment and possibly other cancers. First, the susceptibility of ABCB5+ and JARID1B+cells to RIT in melanoma might be indicative of their susceptibility to antibody-targeted radiation in other cancers where they are present as well. Second, specifically targeting cancer stem cells with radiolabeled antibodies to ABCB5 or JARID1B might help to completely eradicate cancer stem cells in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jandl
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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20
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Đorđić M, Matić IZ, Filipović-Lješković I, Džodić R, Šašić M, Erić-Nikolić A, Vuletić A, Kolundžija B, Damjanović A, Grozdanić N, Nikolić S, Pralica J, Dobrosavljević D, Rašković S, Andrejević S, Juranić Z. Immunity to melanin and to tyrosinase in melanoma patients, and in people with vitiligo. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:109. [PMID: 22834951 PMCID: PMC3457868 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the presence and the intensity of humoral immunity to melanoma-associated antigens: tyrosinase and melanin, in patients with melanoma, in persons with vitiligo and in control healthy people. Methods The study involved 63 patients with melanoma and 19 persons with vitiligo. Control group consisted up to 41 healthy volunteers. Mushroom tyrosinase and synthetic melanin were used as the antigens. Results ELISA test showed significantly (p < 0.0000004 and p < 0.04) lower levels of IgM anti-tyrosinase autoantibodies, in melanoma and vitiligo patients respectively, compared to controls. Although there was no significant difference between the levels of IgA anti-melanin autoantibodies in melanoma or vitiligo patients in comparison with controls, the enhanced concentrations of anti-melanin IgA autoantibodies were preferentially found in melanoma patients with metastatic disease. Significantly high percentage in the Fc alphaRI (CD89) positive cells was determined in melanoma patients (p < 0.002 and p < 0.008) in comparison to that found in healthy people or in patients with vitiligo, in the already mentioned order, pointing that IgA dependent cellular cytotoxicity is not important for the immune action against melanoma, even more that it is included in some immune suppression. Levels of IgG autoantibodies to mentioned antigens in melanoma patients although low were not significantly lower from controls. These findings analyzed together with the statistically significant low percentage of FcgammaRIII, (CD16) positive immunocompetent cells (p < 0.0007 and p < 0.003), which was found in patients with melanoma compared with healthy or vitiligo people respectively, and statistically significant low percentage of (CD16 + CD56+) natural killer (NK) cells (p < 0.005) found in melanoma patients in comparison to healthy controls pointed to the low probability for anti-melanoma IgG mediated, antibody mediated cellular cytotoxicity, (ADCC) and NK cytotoxicity. Moreover the ratio of the percentages of granulocytes and percentage of lymphocytes was statistically higher in patients with melanoma in relation to healthy people as well as to people with vitiligo (p < 0.0007 and p < 0.05 respectively). Conclusion Autoantibodies to tyrosinase and to melanin which are found even in healthy people, point that consummation of edible mushrooms that carry the antigen tyrosinase and melanin, could influence the humoral anti-melanoma immune response. Levels of different immunoglobulin classes of anti-melanin and anti-tyrosinase antibodies varied depending on the presence and the stage of studied diseases. Besides, the statistically enhanced ratio of the percentages of granulocytes and percentage of lymphocytes, together with statistically decreased percentage of NK cells is found in analyzed melanoma patients.
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Bryan RA, Guimaraes AJ, Hopcraft S, Jiang Z, Bonilla K, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Del Poeta M, Torosantucci A, Cassone A, Nosanchuk JD, Casadevall A, Dadachova E. Toward developing a universal treatment for fungal disease using radioimmunotherapy targeting common fungal antigens. Mycopathologia 2012; 173:463-71. [PMID: 22048869 PMCID: PMC4397502 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we demonstrated the ability of radiolabeled antibodies recognizing the cryptococcal polysaccharide capsule to kill Cryptococcus neoformans both in vitro and in infected mice. This approach, known as radioimmunotherapy (RIT), uses the exquisite ability of antibodies to bind antigens to deliver microbicidal radiation. To create RIT reagents which would be efficacious against all major medically important fungi, we have selected monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to common surface fungal antigens such as heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), which is found on the surface of diverse fungi; beta (1,3)-glucan, which is a major constituent of fungal cell walls; ceramide which is found at the cell surface, and melanin, a polymer present in the fungal cell wall. METHODS MAbs 4E12, an IgG2a to fungal HSP60; 2G8, an IgG2b to beta-(1,3)-glucan; and 6D2, an IgM to melanin, were labeled with the alpha particle emitting radionuclide 213-Bismuth ((213)Bi) using the chelator CHXA". B11, an IgM antibody to glucosylceramide, was labeled with the beta emitter 188-Rhenium ((188)Re). Model organisms Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans were used to assess the cytotoxicity of these compounds after exposure to either radiolabeled mAbs or controls. RESULTS (213)Bi-mAbs to HSP60 and to the beta-(1,3)-glucan each reduced the viability of both fungi by 80-100%. The (213)Bi-6D2 mAb to melanin killed 22% of C. neoformans, but did not kill C. albicans. B11 mAb against fungal ceramide was effective against wild-type C. neoformans, but was unable to kill a mutant lacking the ceramide target. Unlabeled mAbs and radiolabeled irrelevant control mAbs caused no killing. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that it is feasible to develop RIT against fungal pathogens by targeting common antigens and such an approach could be developed against fungal diseases for which existing therapy is unsatisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Bryan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Rd., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - A. J. Guimaraes
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Rd., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - S. Hopcraft
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Rd., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Z. Jiang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Rd., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - K. Bonilla
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Rd., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | - M. Del Poeta
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - A. Cassone
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - J. D. Nosanchuk
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Rd., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - A. Casadevall
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Rd., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - E. Dadachova
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Rd., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Ballard B, Jiang Z, Soll CE, Revskaya E, Cutler CS, Dadachova E, Francesconi LC. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of melanin-binding decapeptide 4B4 radiolabeled with 177Lu, 166Ho, and 153Sm radiolanthanides for the purpose of targeted radionuclide therapy of melanoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 26:547-56. [PMID: 21970319 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignancy with increasing incidence. Although primary tumors that are localized to the skin can be successfully treated by surgical removal, there is no satisfactory treatment for metastatic melanoma, a condition that has currently an estimated 5-year survival of just 6%. During the last decade, β- or α-emitter-radiolabeled peptides that bind to different receptors on a variety of tumors have been investigated as potential therapeutic agents in both the preclinical and clinical settings with encouraging results. A recent study demonstrated that 188-Rhenium ((188)Re)-labeled, via HYNIC ligand, fungal melanin-binding decapeptide 4B4 was effective against experimental MNT1 human melanoma and was safe to normal melanized tissues. The availability of radiolanthanides with diverse nuclear emission schemes and half-lives provides an opportunity to expand the repertoire of peptides for radionuclide therapy of melanoma. The melanin-binding decapeptide 4B4 was radiolabeled with (177)Lu, (166)Ho, and (153)Sm via a DO3A chelate. The stability studies of Ln*-DO3A-4B4 in phosphate-buffered saline, serum, and a hydroxyapatite assay demonstrated that (177)Lu-labeled peptide was more stable than (166)Ho- and (153)Sm-labeled peptides, most likely because of the smallest ionic radius of the former allowing for better complexation with DO3A. Binding of Ln*-DO3A-4B4 to the lysed highly melanized MNT1 melanoma cells demonstrated the specificity of peptides binding to melanin. In vivo biodistribution data for (177)Lu-DO3A-4B4 given by intraperitoneal administration to lightly pigmented human metastatic A2058 melanoma-bearing mice demonstrated very high uptake in the kidneys and low tumor uptake. Intravenous administration did not improve the tumor uptake. The plausible explanation of low tumor uptake of (177)Lu-DO3A-4B4 could be its decreased ability to bind to melanin during in vitro binding studies in comparison with (188)Re-HYNIC-4B4, exacerbated by the very fast clearance from the blood and the kidneys "sink" effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau Ballard
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Song H, Sgouros G. Radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors: searching for the right target. Curr Drug Deliv 2011; 8:26-44. [PMID: 21034423 PMCID: PMC4337879 DOI: 10.2174/156720111793663651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors remains a challenge despite the tremendous success of ⁹⁰Y ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) and ¹³¹I Tositumomab (Bexxar) in treating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. For a variety of reasons, clinical trials of radiolabeled antibodies against solid tumors have not led to responses equivalent to those seen against lymphoma. In contrast, promising responses have been observed with unlabeled antibodies that target solid tumor receptors associated with cellular signaling pathways. These observations suggest that anti-tumor efficacy of the carrier antibody might be critical to achieving clinical responses. Here, we review and compare tumor antigens targeted by radiolabeled antibodies and unlabeled antibodies used in immunotherapy. The review shows that the trend for radiolabeled antibodies under pre-clinical development is to also target antigens associated with signaling pathways that are essential for the growth and survival of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Song
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. hsong6jhmi.edu
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Phaeton R, Harris M, Jiang Z, Wang XG, Einstein MH, Goldberg GL, Casadevall A, Dadachova E. Radioimmunotherapy with an antibody to the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein is effective in an experimental cervical tumor expressing low levels of E6. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:1041-7. [PMID: 20861673 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.10.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE HPV16 is associated with ~50% of all cervical cancers worldwide. The E6 and E7 genes of oncogenic HPV types, such as HPV16, are necessary for the HPV transforming function and tumorogenesis making them ideal targets for novel treatments. Radioimmunotherapy employs systemically administered radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to tumor-associated antigens. Previously we demonstrated in mice that radioimmunotherapy targeting viral antigens with mAb to HPV16 E6 suppressed CasKi cervical tumors expressing high levels of E6 (~600 copies of HPV per cell). However, that study opened the question whether radioimmunotherapy can suppress the growth of cervical tumors with low E6 and E7 expression, such as may be seen in patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated the expression of E6 in patients' tumors and in the SiHa cell line expressing low levels of E6 and E7 (1-2 copies of HPV per cell) and found them comparable. We initiated SiHa tumors in nude mice, radiolabeled C1P5 mAb to E6 with a beta-emitter 188-Rhenium (¹⁸⁸Re) and treated tumor-bearing mice with: (1) 200 μCi ¹⁸⁸Re-C1P5 alone; (2) proteasome inhibitor MG132 alone; (3) MG132 followed by 200 μCi ¹⁸⁸Re-C1P5; (4) unlabeled C1P5; (5) 200 μCi ¹⁸⁸Re-18B7 (isotype-matching control mAb); (6) no treatment. ¹⁸⁸Re-C1P5 alone and in combination with MG-132 significantly retarded tumor growth compared to all control groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the possibility to suppress tumor growth by targeting viral antigens even in cervical tumors with low E6 expression and provide additional evidence for the potential usefulness of radioimmunotherapy targeting HPV-related antigens in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rébécca Phaeton
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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25
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Differential Antitumor Effects of IgG and IgM Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Synthetic Complementarity-Determining Regions Directed to New Targets of B16F10-Nex2 Melanoma Cells. Transl Oncol 2010; 3:204-17. [PMID: 20689762 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has increased incidence worldwide and causes most skin cancer-related deaths. A few cell surface antigens that can be targets of antitumor immunotherapy have been characterized in melanoma. This is an expanding field because of the ineffectiveness of conventional cancer therapy for the metastatic form of melanoma. In the present work, antimelanoma monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised against B16F10 cells (subclone Nex4, grown in murine serum), with novel specificities and antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. MAb A4 (IgG2ak) recognizes a surface antigen on B16F10-Nex2 cells identified as protocadherin beta(13). It is cytotoxic in vitro and in vivo to B16F10-Nex2 cells as well as in vitro to human melanoma cell lines. MAb A4M (IgM) strongly reacted with nuclei of permeabilized murine tumor cells, recognizing histone 1. Although it is not cytotoxic in vitro, similarly with mAb A4, mAb A4M significantly reduced the number of lung nodules in mice challenged intravenously with B16F10-Nex2 cells. The V(H) CDR3 peptide from mAb A4 and V(L) CDR1 and CDR2 from mAb A4M showed significant cytotoxic activities in vitro, leading tumor cells to apoptosis. A cyclic peptide representing A4 CDR H3 competed with mAb A4 for binding to melanoma cells. MAb A4M CDRs L1 and L2 in addition to the antitumor effect also inhibited angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. As shown in the present work, mAbs A4 and A4M and selected CDR peptides are strong candidates to be developed as drugs for antitumor therapy for invasive melanoma.
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26
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Bonnet M, Mishellany F, Papon J, Cayre A, Penault-Llorca F, Madelmont JC, Miot-Noirault E, Chezal JM, Moins N. Anti-melanoma efficacy of internal radionuclide therapy in relation to melanin target distribution. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2010; 23:e1-11. [PMID: 20444199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2010.00716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeted internal radionuclide therapy (TRT) could be an efficient, specific way to treat disseminated melanoma. Based on a previous pharmacomodulation study, we selected a quinoxaline-derived molecule (ICF01012) for its melanin specificity and kinetic properties suitable for TRT. Here, we determined the efficacy of [(131)I]ICF01012 radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo in relation to melanogenesis using human melanoma models. [(125)I]ICF01012 uptake was first assessed in relation to melanin content. We found that melanin distribution in different models was representative of pathology seen in human tumours: melanin content was high in the extracellular space of SKMel3 tumours, and accumulated primarily in melanophages in M4Beu tumours. Targeted [(131)I]ICF01012 radiotherapy had a strong anti-tumoural efficacy in pigmented versus unpigmented tumours, regardless of target distribution and content. This study supports the use of melanin targeting with (131)I-labelled iodoquinoxaline for effective treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonnet
- UMR 990 INSERM/UdA-Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie vectorisée, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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27
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Phaeton R, Wang XG, Einstein MH, Goldberg GL, Casadevall A, Dadachova E. The influence of proteasome inhibitor MG132, external radiation, and unlabeled antibody on the tumor uptake and biodistribution of (188)re-labeled anti-E6 C1P5 antibody in cervical cancer in mice. Cancer 2010; 116:1067-74. [PMID: 20127955 PMCID: PMC2820134 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered a necessary step for the development of cervical cancer, and >95% of all cervical cancers have detectable HPV sequences. The authors of this report recently demonstrated the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) targeting viral oncoprotein E6 in the treatment of experimental cervical cancer. They hypothesized that the pretreatment of tumor cells with various agents that cause cell death and/or elevation of E6 levels would increase the accumulation of radiolabeled antibodies to E6 in cervical tumors. METHODS HPV type 16 (HPV-16)-positive CasKi cells were treated in vitro with up to 6 grays of external radiation, or with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132, or with unlabeled anti-E6 antibody C1P5; and cell death was assessed. The biodistribution of (188)Re-labeled C1P5 antibody was determined in both control and radiation MG-132-treated CasKi tumor-bearing nude mice. RESULTS (188)Re-C1P5 antibody demonstrated tumor specificity, very low uptake, and fast clearance from the major organs. The amount of tumor uptake was enhanced by MG-132 but was unaffected by pretreatment with radiation. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrated an unanticipated effect of unlabeled antibody on the amount of cell death, a finding that was suggested by the authors' previous in vivo studies in a CasKi tumor model. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that pretreatment of cervical tumors with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 and with unlabeled antibody to E6 can serve as a means to generate nonviable cancer cells and to elevate the levels of target oncoproteins in the cells for increasing the accumulation of targeted radiolabeled antibodies in tumors. These results favor the further development of RIT for cervical cancers targeting viral antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rébécca Phaeton
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Xing Guo Wang
- The Faculty of Life sciences, Hubei University, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark H. Einstein
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary L. Goldberg
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women’s Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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28
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Ren G, Miao Z, Liu H, Jiang L, Limpa-Amara N, Mahmood A, Gambhir SS, Cheng Z. Melanin-targeted preclinical PET imaging of melanoma metastasis. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:1692-9. [PMID: 19759116 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.066175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dialkylamino-alkyl-benzamides possess an affinity for melanin, suggesting that labeling of such benzamides with (18)F could potentially produce melanin-targeted PET probes able to identify melanotic melanoma metastases in vivo with high sensitivity and specificity. METHODS In this study, N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-4-(18)F-fluorobenzamide ((18)F-FBZA) was synthesized via a 1-step conjugation reaction. The sigma-receptor binding affinity of (19)F-FBZA was determined along with the in vitro cellular uptake of radiofluorinated (18)F-FBZA in B16F10 cells. In vivo distribution and small-animal PET studies were conducted on mice bearing B16F10 melanoma, A375M amelanotic melanoma, and U87MG tumors, and comparative studies were performed with (18)F-FDG PET in the melanoma models. RESULTS In vitro, uptake of (18)F-FBZA was significantly higher in B16F10 cells treated with l-tyrosine (P < 0.001). In vivo, (18)F-FBZA displayed significant tumor uptake; at 2 h, 5.94 +/- 1.83 percentage injected dose (%ID) per gram was observed in B16F10 tumors and only 0.75 +/- 0.09 %ID/g and 0.56 +/- 0.13 %ID/g was observed in amelanotic A375M and U87MG tumors, respectively. Lung uptake was significantly higher in murine lungs bearing melanotic B16F10 pulmonary metastases than in normal murine lungs (P < 0.01). Small-animal PET clearly identified melanotic lesions in both primary and pulmonary metastasis B16F10 tumor models. Coregistered micro-CT with small-animal PET along with biopsies further confirmed the presence of tumor lesions in the mouse lungs. CONCLUSION (18)F-FBZA specifically targets primary and metastatic melanotic melanoma lesions with high tumor uptake and may have translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ren
- Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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