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Beasley MB. Immunohistochemistry of Lung Cancer Biomarkers. Adv Anat Pathol 2024; 31:333-343. [PMID: 38666761 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining represents a comparatively inexpensive testing method that is attractive as a potential alternative to molecular sequencing methods or fluorescence in situ hybridization for pulmonary biomarker testing. While a variety of IHC tests directed at actionable genetic alterations have been developed and evaluated since the advent of targeted therapy, specific antibody clones for anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ROS-1, and potentially neurotrophic tropmyosin receptor kinase have been the primary antibodies that provide sufficiently robust results to be utilized as either a primary testing or screening method to direct targeted therapy. Antibodies for a variety of other targets such as epidermal growth factor receptors, for example, have lacked sufficient sensitivity and specificity to cover the range of mutations that may occur and are generally not recommended in lieu of molecular testing with the exception of limited resource settings. IHC is also used as a predictive marker for response to immunotherapy through evaluation of programmed death ligand 1 expression. In addition, multiple antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are under investigation, designed to deliver drugs directly to tumor cells through binding to specific target antigens. Some ADCs have already received accelerated FDA approval, and IHC was incorporated in many clinical trials evaluating ADC efficacy. As such, it is anticipated that ADCs may have a companion diagnostic IHC to guide patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Beasley
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY
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2
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Tóth LJ, Mokánszki A, Méhes G. The rapidly changing field of predictive biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 30:1611733. [PMID: 38953007 PMCID: PMC11215025 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in both men and women, however mortality in the US and EU are recently declining in parallel with the gradual cut of smoking prevalence. Consequently, the relative frequency of adenocarcinoma increased while that of squamous and small cell carcinomas declined. During the last two decades a plethora of targeted drug therapies have appeared for the treatment of metastasizing non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Personalized oncology aims to precisely match patients to treatments with the highest potential of success. Extensive research is done to introduce biomarkers which can predict the effectiveness of a specific targeted therapeutic approach. The EGFR signaling pathway includes several sufficient targets for the treatment of human cancers including NSCLC. Lung adenocarcinoma may harbor both activating and resistance mutations of the EGFR gene, and further, mutations of KRAS and BRAF oncogenes. Less frequent but targetable genetic alterations include ALK, ROS1, RET gene rearrangements, and various alterations of MET proto-oncogene. In addition, the importance of anti-tumor immunity and of tumor microenvironment has become evident recently. Accumulation of mutations generally trigger tumor specific immune defense, but immune protection may be upregulated as an aggressive feature. The blockade of immune checkpoints results in potential reactivation of tumor cell killing and induces significant tumor regression in various tumor types, such as lung carcinoma. Therapeutic responses to anti PD1-PD-L1 treatment may correlate with the expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells. Due to the wide range of diagnostic and predictive features in lung cancer a plenty of tests are required from a single small biopsy or cytology specimen, which is challenged by major issues of sample quantity and quality. Thus, the efficacy of biomarker testing should be warranted by standardized policy and optimal material usage. In this review we aim to discuss major targeted therapy-related biomarkers in NSCLC and testing possibilities comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- László József Tóth
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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3
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Ma XK, Liu TL, Ren YN, Ma XP, Yao Y, Hou XG, Ding J, Wang F, Huang HF, Zhu H, Yang Z. 124I-labeled anti-CD147 antibody for noninvasive detection of CD147-positive pan-cancers: construction and preclinical studies. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:436-448. [PMID: 37749238 PMCID: PMC10789738 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer CD147 is a glycoprotein on the cell surface. There is minimal expression of CD147 in normal epithelial and fetal tissues, but it is highly expressed in a number of aggressive tumors. CD147 has been implicated in pan-cancer immunity and progression. With the development of CD147-targeting therapeutic strategy, accurate detection of CD147 expression in tumors and its changes during the therapy is necessary. In this study we constructed a novel radiotracer by labeling the anti-CD147 mAb with radionuclide 124/125I (124/125I-anti-CD147) for noninvasive detection of CD147 expression in pan-cancers, and characterized its physicochemical properties, affinity, metabolic characteristics, biodistribution and immunoPET imaging with 124I-IgG and 18F-FDG as controls. By examining the expression of CD147 in cancer cell lines, we found high CD147 expression in colon cancer cells LS174T, FADU human pharyngeal squamous cancer cells and 22RV1 human prostate cancer cells, and low expression of CD147 in human pancreatic cancer cells ASPC1 and human gastric cancer cells BGC823. 124/125I-anti-CD147 was prepared using N-bromine succinimide (NBS) as oxidant and purified by PD-10 column. Its radiochemical purity (RCP) was over 99% and maintained over 85% in saline or 5% human serum albumin (HSA) for more than 7 d; the RCP of 125I-anti-CD147 in blood was over 90% at 3 h post injection (p.i.) in healthy mice. The Kd value of 125I-anti-CD147 to CD147 protein was 6.344 nM, while that of 125I-IgG was over 100 nM. 125I-anti-CD147 showed much greater uptake in CD147 high-expression cancer cells compared to CD147 low-expression cancer cells. After intravenous injection in healthy mice, 125I-anti-CD147 showed high initial uptake in blood pool and liver, the uptake was decreased with time. The biological half-life of distribution and clearance phases in healthy mice were 0.63 h and 19.60 h, respectively. The effective dose of 124I-anti-CD147 was estimated as 0.104 mSv/MBq. We conducted immunoPET imaging in tumor-bearing mice, and demonstrated a significantly higher tumor-to-muscle ratio of 124I-anti-CD147 compared to that of 124I-IgG and 18F-FDG in CD147 (+) tumors. The expression levels of CD147 in cells and tumors were positively correlated with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (P < 0.01). In conclusion, 124/125I-anti-CD147 displays high affinity to CD147, and represents potential for the imaging of CD147-positive tumors. The development of 124I-anti-CD147 may provide new insights into the regulation of tumor microenvironment and formulation of precision diagnosis and treatment programs for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Te-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Pan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xing-Guo Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hai-Feng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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4
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Zhang H, Sun J, Feng Y, Li J, Wang N, Zhao X, Li Y, Hu J, Sun L, Xu C. A murine monoclonal antibody against H5N1 avian influenza virus cross-reacts with human kidney cortex cells. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:373. [PMID: 37934248 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the biological characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against avian influenza virus (AIV) and the possible mechanism of AIV-related kidney injury. BALB/c mice were immunized with inactivated H5N1 AIV to prepare monoclonal antibody H5-32, and its subtype, titer and cross-reactivity with other influenza viruses were identified. The reactivity of monoclonal antibody with normal human tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning technique were used to detect the binding sites between mAb and human renal cortical cells, and Western blotting was used to detect the size of binding fragments. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that monoclonal antibody H5-32 cross-reacted with normal human kidney tissue. In human kidney, mAb H5-32 was localized in the cytoplasm of human renal tubular epithelial cells, and its binding fragment size was about 43 kDa. H5N1 AIV appears to bind to human renal tubular epithelial cells, which may be one of the mechanisms of kidney injury caused by AIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangmeng Feng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingli Li
- Pharmacy Department, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Zhao
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cuixiang Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No. 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Wright KM, DiNapoli SR, Miller MS, Aitana Azurmendi P, Zhao X, Yu Z, Chakrabarti M, Shi W, Douglass J, Hwang MS, Hsiue EHC, Mog BJ, Pearlman AH, Paul S, Konig MF, Pardoll DM, Bettegowda C, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Zhou S, Gabelli SB. Hydrophobic interactions dominate the recognition of a KRAS G12V neoantigen. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5063. [PMID: 37604828 PMCID: PMC10442379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Specificity remains a major challenge to current therapeutic strategies for cancer. Mutation associated neoantigens (MANAs) are products of genetic alterations, making them highly specific therapeutic targets. MANAs are HLA-presented (pHLA) peptides derived from intracellular mutant proteins that are otherwise inaccessible to antibody-based therapeutics. Here, we describe the cryo-EM structure of an antibody-MANA pHLA complex. Specifically, we determine a TCR mimic (TCRm) antibody bound to its MANA target, the KRASG12V peptide presented by HLA-A*03:01. Hydrophobic residues appear to account for the specificity of the mutant G12V residue. We also determine the structure of the wild-type G12 peptide bound to HLA-A*03:01, using X-ray crystallography. Based on these structures, we perform screens to validate the key residues required for peptide specificity. These experiments led us to a model for discrimination between the mutant and the wild-type peptides presented on HLA-A*03:01 based exclusively on hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Wright
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Discovery Chemistry, Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA, 19846, USA
| | - Sarah R DiNapoli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Michelle S Miller
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - P Aitana Azurmendi
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Janelia Research Campus, HHMI,19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Zhiheng Yu
- Janelia Research Campus, HHMI,19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Mayukh Chakrabarti
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - WuXian Shi
- Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Case Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jacqueline Douglass
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Michael S Hwang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Emily Han-Chung Hsiue
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Brian J Mog
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Alexander H Pearlman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Suman Paul
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Maximilian F Konig
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Discovery Chemistry, Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA, 19846, USA.
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6
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Wang J, Pan T, Zhang S. Highly Selective, Single-Tube Colorimetric Assay for Detection of Multiple Mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene. J Mol Diagn 2023; 25:313-319. [PMID: 37125988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many closed-tube methods are designed to detect DNA biomarkers. However, the utility of biomarkers such as a DNA mutation related to personalized medicine is limited as the operation of expensive detection instruments requires well-trained technicians. Therefore, we developed a simple and cheap colorimetric assay based on aggregation of silica-gold nanoparticle-modified probes, with linking probes, to detect mutations. This method consists of target amplification, sequence identification, and aggregation of the silica-gold nanoparticle-modified probes. All reactions are controlled by one individual and proceed sequentially, in a single tube, with no manual intervention. Approximately 10 copies of target DNA were detected with this assay, using 12 hot-spot mutations in exon 19 of EGFR gene as the example. In artificial samples, 0.1% mutant DNA can be distinguished from wild-type genomic DNA. The technology was tested on 104 clinical samples, which included 29 samples that were positive for an exon 19 deletion. The data were consistent with amplification refractory mutation system PCR, with the exception of one weakly positive sample, which was confirmed to be positive by digital PCR. The limit of detection of this colorimetric assay was verified to be better than that of amplification refractory mutation system PCR, and it provides a tool to discriminate multiple mutations in EGFR gene in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou Biotron Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tengfei Pan
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou Biotron Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou Biotron Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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7
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A fluorogenic probe for predicting treatment response in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR-activating mutations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6944. [PMID: 36376325 PMCID: PMC9663578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic responses of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) - tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are known to be associated with EGFR mutations. However, a proportion of NSCLCs carrying EGFR mutations still progress on EGFR-TKI underlining the imperfect correlation. Structure-function-based approaches have recently been reported to perform better in retrospectively predicting patient outcomes following EGFR-TKI treatment than exon-based method. Here, we develop a multicolor fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with an EGFR-TKI-based fluorogenic probe (HX103) to profile active-EGFR in tumors. HX103-based FACS shows an overall agreement with gene mutations of 82.6%, sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 83.3% for discriminating EGFR-activating mutations from wild-type in surgical specimens from NSCLC patients. We then translate HX103 to the clinical studies for prediction of EGFR-TKI sensitivity. When integrating computed tomography imaging with HX103-based FACS, we find a high correlation between EGFR-TKI therapy response and probe labeling. These studies demonstrate HX103-based FACS provides a high predictive performance for response to EGFR-TKI, suggesting the potential utility of an EGFR-TKI-based probe in precision medicine trials to stratify NSCLC patients for EGFR-TKI treatment.
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8
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Shan L, Zhang L, Zhu X, Wang Z, Fang S, Lin J, Wang J, Li N, Liu H, Zhang X, Feng Y, Liu J, Pan J, Ye G, Yu X, Tufman A, Katalinic A, Goldmann T, Petersen F, Jiang J, Geng G, Yu X. Chinese never smokers with adenocarcinoma of the lung are younger and have fewer lymph node metastases than smokers. Respir Res 2022; 23:293. [PMID: 36309662 PMCID: PMC9617301 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancers arising in never smokers have been suggested to be substantially different from lung cancers in smokers at an epidemiological, genetic and molecular level. Focusing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we characterized lung cancer patients in China looking for demographic and clinical differences between the smoking and never-smoking subgroups. Methods In total, 891 patients with NSCLC, including 841 with adenocarcinoma and 50 with squamous cell carcinoma, were recruited in this study. Association of smoking status with demographic and clinical features of NSCLC was determined, and risk factors for lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were evaluated using Multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In patients with adenocarcinoma, never smokers showed a younger age at diagnosis (54.2 ± 12.7vs. 59.3 ± 9.4, padjusted<0.001), a lower risk for lymph node metastasis than smokers (7,6% vs. 19.5%, padjusted<0.001) and less severe disease as indicated by lower percentages of patients with TNM stage of III or IV (5.5% vs. 14.7%, padjusted<0.001 ). By contrast, these associations were not observed in 50 patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking status was a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.39–5.31, p = 0.004) but not for TNM stage (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.09–14.43, p = 0.896) in adenocarcinoma. Conclusion This study demonstrates that lung adenocarcinoma in never smokers significantly differ from those in smokers regarding both age at diagnosis and risk of lymph node metastasis, supporting the notion that they are distinct entries with different etiology and pathogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02199-z.
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9
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Pham M, Pham Q, Nguyen U, Nguyen L, Nguyen H, Vu T, Nguyen B, Stenman J, Tho H. Highly sensitive detection of EGFR L858R mutation at the mRNA level. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114799. [PMID: 35780814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The missense mutation EGFR L858R implies increased sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) therapy, despite a significant non-response rate. Currently, detection of EGFR L858R mutation is mostly DNA based, therefore, the allele-specific expression level of the mutated gene and its clinical relevance is hidden. Based on the extendable blocking probes and hot-start protocol for reverse transcription, we have developed and validated a novel one-step realtime RT-PCR assay that enables detection of EGFR L858R mutation at the mRNA level. This RNA-based assay was able to detect the EGFR L858R mutation in a 10,000-fold excess of its wildtype counterpart, indicating an analytical sensitivity of 0.01%. In comparison to the reference DNA-based assay, the RNA-based assay further detected the EGFR L858R mutation in significantly additional formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples (19.2% vs 15.0%). Interestingly, our data showed that the relative mRNA levels of EGFR L858R mutation varied greatly in tumor tissues (∼4 logs); and the circulating mRNA of EGFR L858R mutation was detectable in plasma of NSCLC patients. This novel RNA-based PCR assay provides a simple and ultrasensitive tool for detection of EGFR L858R mutation at the mRNA level as a new class of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Pham
- Department of Oncology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Oncology, Hanoi Medical University, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Quynh Pham
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung Street, Ha Dong District, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ung Nguyen
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung Street, Ha Dong District, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Lanh Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Viet Duc Hospital, 40 Trang Thi, Hoan Kiem, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoa Nguyen
- Medical Department 2, National Cancer Hospital, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thang Vu
- Medical Department 4, National Cancer Hospital, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ba Nguyen
- Department of Oncology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jakob Stenman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ho Tho
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung Street, Ha Dong District, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Medical Microbiology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Medical University, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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10
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Abstract
This overview of the molecular pathology of lung cancer includes a review of the most salient molecular alterations of the genome, transcriptome, and the epigenome. The insights provided by the growing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in lung cancer will be discussed, and interrelated concepts such as intertumor heterogeneity, intratumor heterogeneity, tumor mutational burden, and the advent of liquid biopsy will be explored. Moreover, this work describes how the evolving field of molecular pathology refines the understanding of different histologic phenotypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying biology of small-cell lung cancer. This review will provide an appreciation for how ongoing scientific findings and technologic advances in molecular pathology are crucial for development of biomarkers, therapeutic agents, clinical trials, and ultimately improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Saller
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Theresa A Boyle
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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11
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Tsuchiya K, Yoshimura K, Inoue Y, Iwashita Y, Yamada H, Kawase A, Watanabe T, Tanahashi M, Ogawa H, Funai K, Shinmura K, Suda T, Sugimura H. YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 are associated with better patient survival and an inflamed tumor-immune microenvironment in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1962656. [PMID: 34408926 PMCID: PMC8366544 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1962656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human YTH domain family (YTHDF) proteins are RNA-binding proteins that recognize N6-methyladenosine (m6A), facilitating various biological processes via m6A RNA modification. How these molecules associate with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The protein expression levels of YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 in 603 cases of resected NSCLC were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the associations of these attributes with patient characteristics and survival. We also assessed four subsets of lymphocytes (PD-1+, CD8+, Foxp3+, and CD45RO+) as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor nest and in the surrounding stroma separately. In addition, we investigated differentially expressed genes and the expression of PD-L1 in YTHDF1– and YTHDF2-deprived lung cancer cells. The expressions of both YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 were less in the advanced-stage tumors than in the early-stage tumors. The expressions of both YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 were also independent favorable prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival (HR, 0.745; 95% CI, 0.562–0.984 for YTHDF1; HR, 0.683; 95% CI, 0.503–0.928 for YTHDF2). The TIL densities of almost all four lymphocyte subsets in the stroma were significantly higher in the tumors with high YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 expression. In vitro, YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 knockdown in cells upregulated tumor PD-L1 expression and altered multiple immune-related genes. High expressions of both YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 are associated with a favorable prognostic outcome of NSCLC patients, a greater amount of TILs, and downregulation of PD-L1. YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 could be novel prognostic and druggable targets related to the tumor-immune microenvironment in lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tsuchiya
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwashita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamada
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akikazu Kawase
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanahashi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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12
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Landegren U, Hammond M. Cancer diagnostics based on plasma protein biomarkers: hard times but great expectations. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1715-1726. [PMID: 33012111 PMCID: PMC8169444 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer diagnostics based on the detection of protein biomarkers in blood has promising potential for early detection and continuous monitoring of disease. However, the currently available protein biomarkers and assay formats largely fail to live up to expectations, mainly due to insufficient diagnostic specificity. Here, we discuss what kinds of plasma proteins might prove useful as biomarkers of malignant processes in specific organs. We consider the need to search for biomarkers deep down in the lowest reaches of the proteome, below current detection levels. In this regard, we comment on the poor molecular detection sensitivity of current protein assays compared to nucleic acid detection reactions, and we discuss requirements for achieving detection of vanishingly small amounts of proteins, to ensure detection of early stages of malignant growth through liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Landegren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsala University and SciLifeLabUppsalaSweden
| | - Maria Hammond
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsala University and SciLifeLabUppsalaSweden
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13
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Obradovic J, Todosijevic J, Jurisic V. Application of the conventional and novel methods in testing EGFR variants for NSCLC patients in the last 10 years through different regions: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3593-3604. [PMID: 33973139 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Variants in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are recognized as predictors of therapy response and are correlated with progression-free and overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Molecularly guided therapy needs precise and cost-effective molecular tests. This review focused primarily on screening or target methods for the EGFR variants detection with diagnostic and prognostic potential in the clinical research published papers. Concerning the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the search interval comprised available articles published from 2010 until 2020 in three electronic databases, ISI Web of Science, Pub Med, and Scopus. The analysis of eligible studies started with 5647 and obtained the final 987 full-text articles analyzed as clinical research. The regions comprised were Africa, America, Australia, Asia, Euro-Asia, Europe, or a consortium of different countries. All of the tested methods were applied prevalently in Asia. In clinical research, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing methods have been involved mostly over the years. The identified high-through output approaches evolved to improve the survival and quality of the NSCLC patient's life becoming more sensitive, specific, and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Obradovic
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Todosijevic
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jurisic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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14
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Point Mutation Specific Antibodies in B-Cell and T-Cell Lymphomas and Leukemias: Targeting IDH2, KRAS, BRAF and Other Biomarkers RHOA, IRF8, MYD88, ID3, NRAS, SF3B1 and EZH2. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040600. [PMID: 33801781 PMCID: PMC8065453 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell and T-cell lymphomas and leukemias often have distinct genetic mutations that are diagnostically defining or prognostically significant. A subset of these mutations consists of specific point mutations, which can be evaluated using genetic sequencing approaches or point mutation specific antibodies. Here, we describe genes harboring point mutations relevant to B-cell and T-cell malignancies and discuss the current availability of these targeted point mutation specific antibodies. We also evaluate the possibility of generating novel antibodies against known point mutations by computationally assessing for chemical and structural features as well as epitope antigenicity of these targets. Our results not only summarize several genetic mutations and identify existing point mutation specific antibodies relevant to hematologic malignancies, but also reveal potential underdeveloped targets which merit further study.
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15
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Wang Y, Tang N, Mao M, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Li J, Zhang W, Peng C, Chen X, Li J. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) promotes IgE-mediated mast cell activation through ROS/Gadd45b/JNK axis. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 102:47-57. [PMID: 33676788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells play an important role in allergic responses and persistently exposure to environmental fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exacerbates allergic diseases,but the details remained elucidative. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of PM2.5 on IgE-mediated mast cell responses through an IgE-mediated mouse model and mast cell activation. METHODS The β-hexosaminidase release and a BALB/c model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) was used to test IgE-mediated mast cells activation in vitro and in vivo. RNA-Seq technique was conducted to study the gene expression profile. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by flow-cytometry. RT-PCR,WB and ELISA were performed to examine targeting molecules expression. RESULTS PM2.5 facilitated IgE-mediated degranulation and increased cytokines expression in mast cells. Meanwhile, the Evan's blue extravasation as well as serum cytokines in mice was increased after treatment with PM2.5. Furthermore, PM2.5 treatment dramatically increased the expression of Gadd45b which is an oxidative stress molecule that directly activates down-stream pathway, such as MEKK4/JNK. PM2.5 treatment activated MEKK4, JNK1/2 but not ERK1/2 and p38. Meanwhile, Knockdown of Gadd45b significantly attenuated PM2.5-mediated JNK1/2 activation and expression of cytokines. In addition, a JNK1/2-specific inhibitor SP600125 blocked IgE-mediated mast cell activation and cytokine release in PCA model mice. Moreover, PM2.5 treatment increased the ROS level and ROS inhibitor dramatically blocked the PM2.5-induced ROS production and reversed the PM2.5-mediated gene expression in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 regulates ROS production through Gadd45b/MEKK4/JNK pathway, facilitating IgE-mediated mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Manyun Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Youyou Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Yingfang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China.
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16
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Yogo N, Hase T, Kasama T, Nishiyama K, Ozawa N, Hatta T, Shibata H, Sato M, Komeda K, Kawabe N, Matsuoka K, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Kaji N, Tokeshi M, Baba Y, Hasegawa Y. Development of an immuno-wall device for the rapid and sensitive detection of EGFR mutations in tumor tissues resected from lung cancer patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241422. [PMID: 33196648 PMCID: PMC7668601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting molecular targets in specimens from patients with lung cancer is essential for targeted therapy. Recently, we developed a highly sensitive, rapid-detection device (an immuno-wall device) that utilizes photoreactive polyvinyl alcohol immobilized with antibodies against a target protein via a streptavidin–biotin interaction. To evaluate its performance, we assayed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, such as E746_A750 deletion in exon 19 or L858R substitution in exon 21, both of which are common in non-small cell lung cancer and important predictors of the treatment efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The results showed that in 20-min assays, the devices detected as few as 1% (E746_A750 deletion) and 0.1% (L858R substitution) of mutant cells. Subsequent evaluation of detection of the mutations in surgically resected lung cancer specimens from patients with or without EGFR mutations and previously diagnosed using commercially available, clinically approved genotyping assays revealed diagnostic sensitivities of the immuno-wall device for E746_A750 deletion and L858R substitution of 85.7% and 87.5%, respectively, with specificities of 100% for both mutations. These results suggest that the immuno-wall device represents a good candidate next-generation diagnostic tool, especially for screening of EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Yogo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Hase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshihiro Kasama
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keine Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Ozawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hatta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Komeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kawabe
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsuoka
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Noritada Kaji
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
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17
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Kapeleris J, Kulasinghe A, Warkiani ME, Oleary C, Vela I, Leo P, Sternes P, O'Byrne K, Punyadeera C. Ex vivo culture of circulating tumour cells derived from non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:1795-1809. [PMID: 33209602 PMCID: PMC7653113 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumour tissue-based information is limited. Liquid biopsy can provide valuable real-time information through circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Profiling and expanding CTCs may provide avenues to study transient metastatic disease. Methods Seventy non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were recruited. CTCs were enriched using the spiral microfluidic chip and a RosetteSep™ using bloods from NSCLC patients. CTC cultures were carried out using the Clevers media under hypoxic conditions. CTCs were characterized using immunofluorescence and mutation-specific antibodies for samples with known mutation profiles. Exome sequencing was used to characterized CTC cultures. Results CTCs (>2 cells) were detected in 38/70 (54.3%) of patients ranging from 0 to 385 CTCs per 7.5 mL blood. In 4/5 patients where primary tumours harboured an EGFR exon 19 deletion, this EGFR mutation was also captured in CTCs. ALK translocation was confirmed on CTCs from a patient harbouring an ALK-rearrangement in the primary tumour. Short term CTC cultures were successfully generated in 9/70 NSCLC patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) confirmed the presence of somatic mutations in the CTC cultures with mutational signatures consistent with NSCLC. Conclusions We were able to detect CTCs in >50% of NSCLC patients. NSCLC patients with >2 CTCs had a poor prognosis. The short-term CTC culture success rate was 12.9%. Further optimization of this culture methodology may provide a means by which to expand CTCs derived from NSCLC patient’s bloods. CTC cultures allow for expansion of cells to a critical mass, allowing for functional characterization of CTCs with the goal of drug sensitivity testing and the creation of CTC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapeleris
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Ultimo NSW, Australia
| | - Connor Oleary
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Leo
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Sternes
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Sakai A, Tagami M, Kakehashi A, Katsuyama-Yoshikawa A, Misawa N, Wanibuchi H, Azumi A, Honda S. Expression, intracellular localization, and mutation of EGFR in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and the association with prognosis and treatment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238120. [PMID: 32833992 PMCID: PMC7444806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is primarily treated with surgical resection. SCC has various stages, and local recurrence is common. The purpose of this study was to determine molecular localization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the possibility of EGFR as a biomarker for the management of conjunctival SCC. Methods In this retrospective study, we performed immunohistochemistry to evaluate EGFR expression and localization in tumor cells, EGFR mutation-specific expression (E746-A750del and L858R), and human papillomavirus expression in a series of 29 conjunctival SCCs. Results All 29 tumors in our cohort were EGFR positive (100%). Twenty-one of 29 tumors (72%) showed focal EGFR staining, and seven (28%) showed diffuse EGFR staining. In addition, we calculated the percentages of the two most important mutations in EGFR (exon 19 746-A750del (8/29, 27.5%), exon 21 (L858R mutant (2/29, 6.8%)) in conjunctival SCCs. We observed that the translocation of EGFR from the membrane into the cytoplasm was related to clinical prognosis, as we detected correlations between EGFR cytoplasmic staining and final orbital exenteration and between decreased EGFR membrane staining and progression-free survival. Conclusions EGFR is important in the pathology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia including SCC and is a prognostic factor. Increased understanding of EGFR mutations may have important implications for future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tagami
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Ophthalmology Department and Eye Center, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Katsuyama-Yoshikawa
- Ophthalmology Department and Eye Center, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Azumi
- Ophthalmology Department and Eye Center, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Honda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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19
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Myung Y, Pires DEV, Ascher DB. mmCSM-AB: guiding rational antibody engineering through multiple point mutations. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:W125-W131. [PMID: 32432715 PMCID: PMC7319589 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While antibodies are becoming an increasingly important therapeutic class, especially in personalized medicine, their development and optimization has been largely through experimental exploration. While there have been many efforts to develop computational tools to guide rational antibody engineering, most approaches are of limited accuracy when applied to antibody design, and have largely been limited to analysing a single point mutation at a time. To overcome this gap, we have curated a dataset of 242 experimentally determined changes in binding affinity upon multiple point mutations in antibody-target complexes (89 increasing and 153 decreasing binding affinity). Here, we have shown that by using our graph-based signatures and atomic interaction information, we can accurately analyse the consequence of multi-point mutations on antigen binding affinity. Our approach outperformed other available tools across cross-validation and two independent blind tests, achieving Pearson's correlations of up to 0.95. We have implemented our new approach, mmCSM-AB, as a web-server that can help guide the process of affinity maturation in antibody design. mmCSM-AB is freely available at http://biosig.unimelb.edu.au/mmcsm_ab/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoochan Myung
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Douglas E V Pires
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David B Ascher
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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20
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Yoshimura K, Inoue Y, Tsuchiya K, Karayama M, Yamada H, Iwashita Y, Kawase A, Tanahashi M, Ogawa H, Inui N, Funai K, Shinmura K, Niwa H, Suda T, Sugimura H. Elucidation of the relationships of MET protein expression and gene copy number status with PD-L1 expression and the immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2020; 141:21-31. [PMID: 31931443 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in the MET gene, such as mutations and high-level amplification, are important drivers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in lung cancer with MET abnormalities is unclear. We evaluate the potential relationship between MET alterations and the tumor immune microenvironment and PD-1/PD-L1 axis. MATERIAL AND METHODS MET and phospho-MET protein expression were assessed in 622 resected NSCLC specimens. MET amplification was assessed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization in 272 tumors. PD-L1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. CD8+, Foxp3+, CD45RO, and PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor nest and surrounding stroma were profiled. Associations with MET alterations were explored. RESULTS The cohort comprised 425 male patients (68.3 %), 184 never-smokers (29.6 %), and 408 adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients (65.6 %). Median age was 68 years. MET alteration was observed mainly in ADCs (18.9 % MET-positive, 3.9 % phospho-MET-positive, and 15.1 % with MET amplification). PD-L1 expression was significantly increased in MET-altered ADCs (P < 0.001 for MET; P = 0.002 for phospho-MET; P = 0.019 for MET amplification). Most TIL subset numbers in the tumor nest were significantly increased in MET-altered tumors. Only MET amplification was independently associated with tumoral CD8 + TILs. Three of the six patients responded to ICI treatment; two of them showed MET overexpression and an increase in MET copy number. CONCLUSION MET-altered tumors showed significantly stronger PD-L1 expression and more abundant tumoral TILs than non-MET-altered tumors. Among the MET alterations assessed, MET amplification was particularly implicated in the inflamed microenvironment, suggesting that MET-amplified tumors might respond to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yoshimura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsuchiya
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masato Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamada
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwashita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akikazu Kawase
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanahashi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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21
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Fan X, Wang X, Zhang M, Deng H, Liu Y. Comparison detection methods for EGFR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of patients with NSCLC. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152783. [PMID: 31859115 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important gene in the development of lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer. In the present study, the expression of EGFR in 717 patients with NSCLC was detected by Ventana automatic immunohistochemical technique, and the samples was verified by Real-time PCR, and then the results were compared with the data acquired by next-generation sequencing technology (NGS), which is the high throughput, multiple sites for EGFR gene mutation testing. The expression of Ventana EGFR in 717 cases of NSCLC was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the positive rate was 60.70 % (435 / 717). The mutation rate of EGFR was 57.60 % (413/717). The coincidence rate of Ventana EGFR immunohistochemical assay and Real-time PCR assay reached 94.94 %, and the two had high consistency. The coincidence rate of Ventana EGFR immunohistochemical assay and NGS were high correlation. Based on these results, Ventana EGFR automatic immunohistochemical detection has high accuracy, simple operation process, low price and easy interpretation. It can be used as the preferred method for EGFR detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Huiyan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China.
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22
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Nong L, Zhang Z, Xiong Y, Zheng Y, Li X, Li D, He Q, Li T. Comparison of next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry analysis for targeted therapy-related genomic status in lung cancer patients. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:4992-5003. [PMID: 32030215 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.12.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Some drugs that target molecular pathways are available for the targeted treatment of lung cancer. Multiple tests are needed to detect the status of the known molecular targets to determine whether the patients can respond to the drugs. An integrated platform for various gene alteration detection including both mutations and rearrangements is necessary for patients, especially those without enough tissue. Methods In our study, detections of EGFR mutations, ALK rearrangement, ROS1 rearrangement, and alterations of other nine important lung cancer-related genes were integrated into a single next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform. The NGS analysis was performed in 107 cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Meanwhile, hot spots such as EGFR L858R, EGFR E746-A750Del mutations and gene rearrangement of ALK and ROS1 were detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results NGS could explore various gene mutations and gene rearrangements with a reduced experiment time and lower amounts of tumor tissues than multiple IHC staining experiments. NGS results were more informative and reliable than IHC staining for EGFR gene alterations, especially for the exon 19 region. NGS could also increase the positive rate of ALK rearrangement and decrease the false positive results of ROS1 rearrangements detected by IHC staining. Conclusions NGS is effective for confirmation the status of various important lung cancer-related gene alterations. Furthermore, NGS is necessary for the confirmation of the IHC results of ALK and ROS1 rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Nong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | | | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yalin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qiye He
- Singlera Genomics Inc., Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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23
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van Keulen S, Nishio N, Fakurnejad S, van den Berg NS, Lu G, Birkeland A, Martin BA, Forouzanfar T, Colevas AD, Rosenthal EL. Intraoperative Tumor Assessment Using Real-Time Molecular Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. J Am Coll Surg 2019; 229:560-567.e1. [PMID: 31568855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In head and neck cancer, surgical resection using primarily visual and tactile feedback is considered the gold standard for solid tumors. Due to high numbers of tumor-involved surgical margins, which are directly correlated to poor clinical outcomes, intraoperative optical imaging trials have rapidly proliferated over the past 5 years. However, few studies report on intraoperative in situ imaging data that could support surgical resection. To demonstrate the clinical application of in situ surgical imaging, we report on the imaging data that are directly (ie in real-time) available to the surgeon. STUDY DESIGN Fluorescence intensities and tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) were determined from the intraoperative imaging data-the view as seen by the surgeon during tumor resection-of 20 patients, and correlated to patient and tumor characteristics including age, sex, tumor site, tumor size, histologic differentiation, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. Furthermore, different lighting conditions in regard to surgical workflow were evaluated. RESULTS Under these circumstances, intraoperative TBRs of the primary tumors averaged 2.2 ± 0.4 (range 1.5 to 2.9). Age, sex, tumor site, and tumor size did not have a significant effect on open-field intraoperative molecular imaging of the primary tumors (p > 0.05). In addition, variation in EGFR expression levels or the presence of ambient light did not seem to alter TBRs. CONCLUSIONS We present the results of successful in situ intraoperative imaging of primary tumors alongside the optimal conditions with respect to both molecular image acquisition and surgical workflow. This study illuminates the potentials of open-field molecular imaging to assist the surgeon in achieving successful cancer removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan van Keulen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naoki Nishio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Shayan Fakurnejad
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nynke S van den Berg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Guolan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Andrew Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Brock A Martin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center/Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Dimitrios Colevas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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24
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Liu YR, Tang ZS, Duan JA, Chen L, Sun J, Zhou R, Song ZX, Shi XB, Zhu HY. ER-depletion lowering the 'hypothalamus-uterus-kidney' axis functions by perturbing the renal ERβ/Ptgds signalling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9500-9529. [PMID: 31708494 PMCID: PMC6874469 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have long assumed that systematic estrogen fading might contribute to the sustained progression of menopausal degenerate syndromes, although definitive evidence has not been presented. Whether such findings represent a causal contribution or are the result of opportunistic messengers sent from the reproductive system to the brain is also a vital question. We constructed a multiscale network of the ovariectomy (OVX) induced estrogen receptors depletion (ER-depletion) model and integrated targeted proteomic, targeted lipidomic, cytochemical, and histopathological data across three tissues from the ovariectomy rodent model. We found that compared to control rats, OVX rats showed increased renal and uterine prostaglandin D2 synthase (Ptgds) expression and decreased hypothalamic Ptgds expression, abnormal Ptgds metabolites, the degenerate renal function profiles and decreased cognitive ability (learning and memory) in Morris water maze test. Importantly, we observed a regulatory relationship among ER (particularly ERβ), the degree of the pathological phenotype, learning behavior test and the ‘hypothalamus-uterus-kidney (HUK) axis functions. Collectively, this study elucidates that ER depletion promoted HUK aging is mostly attributed to a renal ERβ/Ptgds signalling imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Liu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Xing Song
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Bo Shi
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yuan Zhu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, P.R. China
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25
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Precise definition of PTEN C-terminal epitopes and its implications in clinical oncology. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:11. [PMID: 30993208 PMCID: PMC6465295 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-PTEN monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are arising as important tools for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and protein quantification routine analysis in clinical oncology. Although an effort has been made to document the reliability of tumor tissue section immunostaining by anti-PTEN mAb, and to standardize their IHC use in research and in the clinical practice, the precise topological and biochemical definition of the epitope recognized by each mAb has been conventionally overlooked. In this study, six commercial anti-PTEN mAb have been validated and characterized for sensitivity and specificity by IHC and FISH, using a set of prostate and urothelial bladder tumor specimens, and by immunoblot, using PTEN positive and PTEN negative human cell lines. Immunoblot precise epitope mapping, performed using recombinant PTEN variants and mutations, revealed that all mAb recognized linear epitopes of 6–11 amino acid length at the PTEN C-terminus. Tumor-associated or disease-associated mutations at the PTEN C-terminus did not affect subcellular localization or PIP3 phosphatase activity of PTEN in cells, although resulted in specific loss of reactivity for some mAb. Furthermore, specific mimicking-phosphorylation mutations at the PTEN C-terminal region also abolished binding of specific mAb. Our study adds new evidence on the relevance of a precise epitope mapping in the validation of anti-PTEN mAb for their use in the clinics. This will be substantial to provide a more accurate diagnosis in clinical oncology based on PTEN protein expression in tumors and biological fluids.
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Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages and managed increasingly with targeted therapies and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss diagnostic and predictive immunohistochemical markers in NSCLC, one of the most common tumors encountered in surgical pathology. We highlight 2 emerging diagnostic markers: nuclear protein in testis (NUT) for NUT carcinoma; SMARCA4 for SMARCA4-deficient thoracic tumors. Given their highly aggressive behavior, proper recognition facilitates optimal management. For patients with advanced NSCLCs, we discuss the utility and limitations of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the "must-test" predictive biomarkers: anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ROS1, programmed cell death protein 1, and epidermal growth factor receptor. IHC using mutant-specific BRAF V600E, RET, pan-TRK, and LKB1 antibodies can be orthogonal tools for screening or confirmation of molecular events. ERBB2 and MET alterations include both activating mutations and gene amplifications, detection of which relies on molecular methods with a minimal role for IHC in NSCLC. IHC sits at the intersection of an integrated surgical pathology and molecular diagnostic practice, serves as a powerful functional surrogate for molecular testing, and is an indispensable tool of precision medicine in the care of lung cancer patients.
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27
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Coudray N, Ocampo PS, Sakellaropoulos T, Narula N, Snuderl M, Fenyö D, Moreira AL, Razavian N, Tsirigos A. Classification and mutation prediction from non-small cell lung cancer histopathology images using deep learning. Nat Med 2018; 24:1559-1567. [PMID: 30224757 PMCID: PMC9847512 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1314] [Impact Index Per Article: 219.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visual inspection of histopathology slides is one of the main methods used by pathologists to assess the stage, type and subtype of lung tumors. Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are the most prevalent subtypes of lung cancer, and their distinction requires visual inspection by an experienced pathologist. In this study, we trained a deep convolutional neural network (inception v3) on whole-slide images obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas to accurately and automatically classify them into LUAD, LUSC or normal lung tissue. The performance of our method is comparable to that of pathologists, with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97. Our model was validated on independent datasets of frozen tissues, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and biopsies. Furthermore, we trained the network to predict the ten most commonly mutated genes in LUAD. We found that six of them-STK11, EGFR, FAT1, SETBP1, KRAS and TP53-can be predicted from pathology images, with AUCs from 0.733 to 0.856 as measured on a held-out population. These findings suggest that deep-learning models can assist pathologists in the detection of cancer subtype or gene mutations. Our approach can be applied to any cancer type, and the code is available at https://github.com/ncoudray/DeepPATH .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Coudray
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA,Skirball Institute, Dept. of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Theodore Sakellaropoulos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Greece
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA,Department of Biochemistry and molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andre L. Moreira
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA,Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, New York University, NY 10016, USA
| | - Narges Razavian
- Department of Population Health and the Center for Healthcare Innovation and Delivery Science, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 646 501 2693; ; Correspondence may also be addressed to Narges Razavian. Tel: +1 212 263 2234,
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA,Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 646 501 2693; ; Correspondence may also be addressed to Narges Razavian. Tel: +1 212 263 2234,
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28
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Mraihi Z, Ben Amar J, Bouacha H, Rammeh S, Hila L. EGFR mutation status in Tunisian non-small-cell lung cancer patients evaluated by mutation-specific immunohistochemistry. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:132. [PMID: 30092812 PMCID: PMC6085720 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Screening mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to analyze non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) profile is the criterion to choose the best therapeutic strategy. New Oncology guidelines recommend EGFR mutation analysis before prescribing tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment. Majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and generally only small biopsies materials are available for diagnostic and molecular characterization. The aim of this first work is to screen EGFR mutation status in Tunisian NSCLC by mutation-specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular biology, to estimate the relevance of proposing TKIs as a new therapeutic line. Methods E746-A750 deletion and L858R mutations were screened in 50 unselected NSCLC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Mutation expression by IHC was evaluated by intensity and percentage of staining and correlated to patients’ data. DNA was extracted and EGFR mutations were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Positive and negative controls were included for EGFR mutations in order to support the results. Results Among our patients (48 men and 2 women) all adenocarcinoma (confirmed by histology and IHC with TTF1/Napsin A), 94% were smokers exceeding the tobacco risk threshold (at least 25 pack-years) and the women were none. 44% had EGFR mutation by IHC: 26% had simple mutation and 18% had concurrent mutation. All mutated cases were smokers except a woman who was none. Concurrent mutations patients exceeded 40 pack-years. 91.4% of IHC results were validated by molecular analysis (100% of negative and 85% of positive cases) showing either T > G (exon 21) or 2235–2249 del (exon 19). Conclusions These preliminary results confirm the usefulness of IHC to detect EGFR mutations but the frequency of concurrent mutations doesn’t appear in favor of EGFR TKIs treatment. In fact, literature reports a significantly worse response compared to those with single mutation when treated by TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Mraihi
- Genetic Department, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Jihen Ben Amar
- Pulmonary Department, EPS Charles Nicolle, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hend Bouacha
- Pulmonary Department, EPS Charles Nicolle, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Rammeh
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Department, EPS Charles Nicolle, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Hila
- Genetic Department, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Abstract
Immunohistochemistry is a widely available technique that is less challenging and can provide clinically meaningful results quickly and cost-efficiently in comparison with other techniques. In addition, immunohistochemistry allows for the evaluation of cellular localization of proteins in the context of tumor structure. In an era of precision medicine, pathologists are required to classify lung cancer into specific subtypes and assess biomarkers relevant to molecular-targeted therapies. This review summarizes the hot topics of immunohistochemistry in lung cancer, including (i) adenocarcinoma vs squamous cell carcinoma; (ii) neuroendocrine markers; (iii) ALK, ROS1, and EGFR; (iv) PD-L1 (CD274); (v) lung carcinoma vs malignant mesothelioma; and (vi) NUT carcinoma. Major pitfalls in evaluating immunohistochemical results are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
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30
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Mellert H, Foreman T, Jackson L, Maar D, Thurston S, Koch K, Weaver A, Cooper S, Dupuis N, Sathyanarayana UG, Greer J, Hahn W, Shelton D, Stonemetz P, Pestano GA. Development and Clinical Utility of a Blood-Based Test Service for the Rapid Identification of Actionable Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. J Mol Diagn 2018; 19:404-416. [PMID: 28433077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 80% of cancer patients do not have genetic mutation results available at initial oncology consultation; up to 25% of patients begin treatment before receiving their results. These factors hinder the ability to pursue optimal treatment strategies. This study validates a blood-based genome-testing service that provides accurate results within 72 hours. We focused on targetable variants in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma-epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) variant L858R, exon 19 deletion (ΔE746-A750), and T790M; GTPase Kirsten ras gene (KRAS) variants G12C/D/V; and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like and 4 anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase fusion (EML4-ALK) transcripts 1/2/3. Test development included method and clinical validation using samples from donors with (n = 219) or without (n = 30) cancer. Clinical sensitivity and specificity for each variant ranged from 78.6% to 100% and 94.2% to 100%, respectively. We also report on 1643 non-small cell lung carcinoma samples processed in our CLIA-certified laboratory. Mutation results were available within 72 hours for 94% of the tests evaluated. We detected 10.5% mutations for EGFR sensitizing (n = 2801 samples tested), 13.8% mutations for EGFR resistance (n = 1055), 13.2% mutations in KRAS (n = 3477), and 2% mutations for EML4-ALK fusion (n = 304). This rapid, highly sensitive, and actionable blood-based assay service expands testing options and supports faster treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dianna Maar
- Bio-Rad Digital Biology Center, Pleasanton, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dawne Shelton
- Bio-Rad Digital Biology Center, Pleasanton, California
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31
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Ling Y, Yang X, Li W, Li Z, Yang L, Qiu T, Guo L, Dong L, Li L, Ying J, Lin D. Overexpression of mutant EGFR protein indicates a better survival benefit from EGFR-TKI therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52862-52869. [PMID: 27418143 PMCID: PMC5288154 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a novel target for therapy in a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumors with EGFR mutations showed good response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We aimed to identify the discriminating capacity of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect EGFR L858R and del E746-A750 mutations in NSCLC patients and predict EGFR TKIs response. METHODS We collected specimens from 200 patients with NSCLC whose EGFR mutation status had been validated by direct DNA sequencing. IHC analyses using EGFR mutation-specific antibodies were employed for all samples. After staining and scoring, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of IHC using EGFR del E746-A750 and L858R mutation antibodies were 95.0%/95.1%, 85.7%/94.1%, 74.0%/91.8%, and 97.6%/96.5%, respectively. When score 2+ and 3+ were considered as positive, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 53.3%/36.6%, 99.3%/100%, 97.0%/100%, and 83.2%/65.3%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) after the start of gefitinib treatment was significantly longer in patients with a high score for mutant EGFR expression than in those with a low score (31.0 versus 13.0 months, p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS IHC with EGFR mutation-specific antibodies is a promising screening method for detecting EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients. Otherwise, quantitative analysis of mutant EGFR expression might also predict the efficacy of TKIs treatment for NSCLC patients harboring sensitive EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ling
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Inoue Y, Yoshimura K, Mori K, Kurabe N, Kahyo T, Mori H, Kawase A, Tanahashi M, Ogawa H, Inui N, Funai K, Shinmura K, Niwa H, Suda T, Sugimura H. Clinical significance of PD-L1 and PD-L2 copy number gains in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32113-28. [PMID: 27050074 PMCID: PMC5078001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
New reliable biomarkers are needed to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors against programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), because PD-L1 expression on tumor cells has limited power for selecting patients who may benefit from such therapy. Here we investigated the significance of PD-L1 and PD-L2 gene copy number gains using fluorescence in situ hybridization as well as PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in 654 patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer. The prevalence of PD-L1 amplification and polysomy was 3.1% and 13.2%, respectively. The PD-L1 gene copy number status was in agreement with both the PD-L2 and Janus kinase 2 gene copy number statuses. PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression was observed in 30.7% and 13.1%, respectively. Both PD-L1 copy number gains and expression were associated with smoking-related tumors. Tumor cells with PD-L1 genomic gains exhibited significantly higher levels of PD-L1 expression than those without, but PD-L2 copy number gains were not related to PD-L2 augmentation. PD-L1 gene amplification and polysomy were independently associated with PD-L1 expression, with high immune infiltrates and EGFR expression in a multivariate logistic regression model. Comparative analysis between primary tumors and synchronous regional lymph node metastases revealed that the PD-L1 gene copy number alterations were highly consistent and reproducible compared with the PD-L1 expression. Both PD-L1 amplification and level of protein expression were predictors of poor survival using Cox univariate analyses. Therefore, we conclude that an increase in PD-L1 gene copy number can be a feasible alternative biomarker for predicting response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mori
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kurabe
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mori
- Department of Pathology, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akikazu Kawase
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanahashi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Yoshida M, Nagatomo T, Ohnishi T, Kawashima M, Naitoh A, Morii E. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung adenocarcinoma cytological specimens by immunocytochemistry. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:981-987. [PMID: 29285360 PMCID: PMC5740838 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) improve the survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and determine the EGFR mutation status before treatment is necessary. In contrast to biopsy samples, cytological specimens are obtained less invasively and are useful for EGFR mutation analyses. Recently, novel antibodies against two major EGFR mutations were developed: SP111, which is specific for the E746-A750 deletion in exon 19; and SP125, which is specific for the L858R mutation. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated cytological specimens using the two novel antibodies, thus their specificity and sensitivity were examined in surgical resection, and cytological lung adenocarcinoma samples in the present study. Previous screening for EGFR mutation status by molecular testing identified delE746-A750 in 3 cases and the L858R mutation in 7 cases; the other cases did not have the L858R or the delE746-A750 mutation. Using a four-grade scoring system (score 0 to 3+), the immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) results were compared with those of molecular testing. Using a score of ≥2 as positive, IHC and ICC using SP111 demonstrated sensitivities of 100 and 33.3%, and specificities of 100 and 100%, respectively. IHC and ICC using SP125 revealed sensitivities of 100 and 71.4%, and specificities of 100 and 100%, respectively. Therefore, screening for EGFR mutations by ICC may facilitate therapeutic decision-making, particularly in medical centers that are unable to perform molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Nagatomo
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ohnishi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kawashima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Naitoh
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Liao HD, Mao Y, Ying YG. The involvement of the laminin-integrin α7β1 signaling pathway in mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:3961-3972. [PMID: 29268407 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.09.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The central objective of the study was to determine the possibility and potential mechanism by which the laminin-integrin α7β1 signaling pathway acts on mechanical ventilation (MV)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model. Methods Fibrosis rat models were established via the mechanical injury method. Ninety rats were recruited and divided into the normal, low tidal volume (LVT), huge VT (HVT), Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS), LVT + RGDS and HVT + RGDS groups. On day 0, 3, and 7 after model establishment, the pulmonary hydroxyproline content was measured using alkaline hydrolysis and the pulmonary index was also calculated. All rats in each group were executed on day 0, 3 and 7. The histopathological changes detected in the left pulmonary tissues were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining methods. Discussion The mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt-5A, β-catenin, E-cadherin and Collagen I in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were detected using both reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting methods. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the fibronectin (FN) expression in the pulmonary tissues on the 7th day. All indexes in the RGDS and LVT + RGDS groups indicated no explicit differences compared with the normal group. In the LVT, HVT, HVT + RGDS groups, the respective weights of the rats and the expression of E-cadherin on the 7th day exhibited decreases, however the pulmonary index, hydroxyproline, pulmonary alveolar inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, FN expression, and protein expressions of Wnt-5A, β-catenin, and Collagen I all displayed increased levels (all P<0.05). The index changes detected in the HVT group were the most blatant results observed in the study. The rat pulmonary index on the 7th day, hydroxyproline (HYP), pulmonary alveolar inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, FN expression, and protein expressions of Wnt-5A, β-catenin, and type I-collagen were all down-regulated, in contrast the expression of E-cadherin was up-regulated in the LVT + RGDS and HVT + RGDS groups in comparison with the LVT and HVT groups, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusions The findings of the study suggested that RGDS could act to block the laminin-integrin α7β1-signaling pathway, ultimately contributing to the inhibition of the progression of MV-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Di Liao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - You-Guo Ying
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
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Shao Y, Zhong D. [Detection and Clinical Significance of Abundance of EGFR Mutation]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 20:578-583. [PMID: 28855040 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.08.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, with sensitive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations react well to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, the efficacy of TKIs on patients with the same mutant types differs dramatically. It is implied that the different quantities of mutant alleles could be one of the reasons underlying. Patients with high abundance of EGFR mutation might benefit more from TKIs. There are no universal standards for the definition of EGFR mutant abundance. Abundance could be semi-quantified according to the different sensitivities of detection methods, quantified with quantifying detection techniques such as digital PCR or next generation sequencing, or quantified based on the expression of mutant proteins. The different abundances of primary and metastatic diseases could reflect the heterogeneity of the tumors. The pre-treatment level or the dynamic change of EGFR mutant abundance could help observe the course of the diseases and predict the efficacy of TKIs. TKIs resistance could be detected by change of abundance prior to image manifestations. Besides, the abundance of T790M could also predict drug efficacy and resistance of the first and third generation TKIs. Thus the detection of EGFR mutant abundance has important clinical significance. The standardization and correction of abundance needs more exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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He Y, Rozeboom L, Rivard CJ, Ellison K, Dziadziuszko R, Yu H, Zhou C, Hirsch FR. MHC class II expression in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2017; 112:75-80. [PMID: 29191604 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy is an exciting development in lung cancer research. In this study we described major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II protein expression in lung cancer cell lines and patient tissues. METHODS We studied MHC Class II (DP, DQ, DR) (CR3/43, Abcam) protein expression in 55 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, 42 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines and 278 lung cancer patient tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Seven (12.7%) NSCLC cell lines were positive for MHC Class II. No SCLC cell lines were found to be MHC Class II positive. We assessed 139 lung cancer samples available in the Hirsch Lab for MHC Class II. There was no positive MHC Class II staining on SCLC tumor cells. MHC Class II expression on TILs in SCLC was significantly lower than that on TILs in NSCLC (P<0.001). MHC Class II was also assessed in an additional 139 NSCLC tumor tissues from Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. Patients with positive staining of MHC Class II on TILs had longer regression-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than those whose TILs were MHC Class II negative (2.980 years, 95% CI 1.628-4.332 vs. 1.050 years, 95% CI 0.556-1.554, P=0.028) (3.230 years, 95% CI 2.617-3.843 vs. 1.390 years, 95% CI 0.629-2.151, P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS MHC Class II was expressed both in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. However, MHC Class II was not detected in SCLC cell lines or tissue tumor cells. MHC Class II expression was lower on SCLC TILs than on NSCLC TILs. Loss of expression of MHC Class II on SCLC tumor cells and reduced expression on SCLC TILs may be a means of escaping anti-cancer immunity. Higher MHC Class II expression on TILs was correlated with better prognosis in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Leslie Rozeboom
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Christopher J Rivard
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Kim Ellison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Rafal Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hui Yu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
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Al-Saad S, Richardsen E, Kilvaer TK, Donnem T, Andersen S, Khanehkenari M, Bremnes RM, Busund LT. The impact of MET, IGF-1, IGF1R expression and EGFR mutations on survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181527. [PMID: 28742836 PMCID: PMC5526580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To compare the efficacy of silver in situ hybridization (SISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in detecting MET and IGF1R alterations and to investigate their prevalence and prognostic significance. A possible correlation between MET receptor expression, MET gene alterations and the two most frequent occurring EGFR gene mutations was also investigated. Materials and methods Stage I to IIIA tumors from 326 patients with NSCLC were immunohistochemically tested for protein expression of MET and IGF-1. Their cytoplasmic expression was compared with the gene copy number of the MET and IGF1Rgenes by SISH in paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed material. Correlations were made with the immunohistochemical expression of two frequent EGFR mutations and clinicopathological variables. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses was used to evaluate the prognostic efficacy of the tested markers. Results In univariate analyses, high cytoplasmic MET expression showed a significant negative prognostic effect in adenocarcinoma patients (p = 0.026). MET gene to chromosome 7 ratio was a significant positive prognostic marker (p = 0.005), probably only due to the highly negative prognostic significance of chromosome 7 polysomy (p = 0.002). High IGF1R gene copy number was a negative prognostic marker for all NSCLC patients (p = 0.037). In the multivariate analysis, polysomy of chromosome 7 in tumor cells correlated significantly and independently with a poor prognosis (p = 0.011). In patients with adenocarcinoma, a high cytoplasmic MET expression was an independent negative prognostic marker (p = 0.013). In males a high IGF1R gene copy number to chromosome 15 count ratio was significantly and independently correlated to a poor prognosis (p = 0.018). Conclusion MET protein expression provides superior prognostic information compared with SISH. Polysomy of chromosome 7 is an independent negative prognostic factor in NSCLC patients. This finding has an important implication while examining genes located on chromosome 7 by means of SISH. High IGF1R gene copy number to chromosome 15 count ratio is an independent predictor of inferior survival in male patients with primary NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Al-Saad
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Thomas K. Kilvaer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Tom Donnem
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Sigve Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Mehrdad Khanehkenari
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Roy M. Bremnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Busund
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Thunnissen E, Allen TC, Adam J, Aisner DL, Beasley MB, Borczuk AC, Cagle PT, Capelozzi VL, Cooper W, Hariri LP, Kern I, Lantuejoul S, Miller R, Mino-Kenudson M, Radonic T, Raparia K, Rekhtman N, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Russell P, Schneider F, Sholl LM, Tsao MS, Vivero M, Yatabe Y. Immunohistochemistry of Pulmonary Biomarkers: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 142:408-419. [PMID: 28686497 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0106-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The use of immunohistochemistry for the determination of pulmonary carcinoma biomarkers is a well-established and powerful technique. Immunohistochemisty is readily available in pathology laboratories, is relatively easy to perform and assess, can provide clinically meaningful results very quickly, and is relatively inexpensive. Pulmonary predictive biomarkers provide results essential for timely and accurate therapeutic decision making; for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, predictive immunohistochemistry includes ALK and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) (ROS1, EGFR in Europe) testing. Handling along proper methodologic lines is needed to ensure patients receive the most accurate and representative test outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasushi Yatabe
- From the Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Drs Thunnissen and Radonic); the Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (Dr Allen); the Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (Dr Adam); the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora (Dr Aisner); the Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York (Dr Beasley); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York (Dr Borczuk); the Department of Pathology & Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Drs Cagle and Miller); the Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Dr Capelozzi); the Department of Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Dr Cooper); the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Drs Hariri and Mino-Kenudson); the Department of Pathology, University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia (Dr Kern); the Department of Pathology, INSERM U578, CHU A Michallon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Université Joseph Fourier INSERM U 823, Institut A. Bonniot, Grenoble, France (Dr Lantuejoul); the Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Raparia); the Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Dr Rekhtman); the Department of Pathology, The University Of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Dr Roy-Chowdhuri); the Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Pathology, Fitzroy, Australia (Ms Russell); the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Schneider); the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Drs Sholl and Vivero); the Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Tsao); and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan (Dr Yatabe)
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Woo JS, Reddy OL, Koo M, Xiong Y, Li F, Xu H. Application of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Pleural Neoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017. [PMID: 28644685 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0550-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - A vast majority of neoplasms arising from lung or pleura are initially diagnosed based on the histologic evaluation of small transbronchial, endobronchial, or needle core biopsies. Although most diagnoses can be determined by morphology alone, immunohistochemistry can be a valuable diagnostic tool in the workup of problematic cases. OBJECTIVE - To provide a practical approach in the interpretation and immunohistochemical selection of lung/pleura-based neoplasms obtained from small biopsy samples. DATA SOURCES - A literature review of previously published articles and the personal experience of the authors were used in this review article. CONCLUSION - Immunohistochemistry is a useful diagnostic tool in the workup of small biopsies from the lung and pleura sampled by small biopsy techniques.
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Jain D, Iqbal S, Walia R, Malik P, Cyriac S, Mathur SR, Sharma MC, Madan K, Mohan A, Bhalla A, Pathy S, Kumar L, Guleria R. Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations based on mutation specific immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer: A preliminary study. Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:308-14. [PMID: 27241644 PMCID: PMC4892077 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.182621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Studies have shown that immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation specific antibodies, is an easy and cost-effective, screening method compared with molecular techniques. The purpose of present study was to assess the percentage positivity of IHC using EGFR mutation specific antibodies in lung biopsy samples from patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). METHODS Two hundred and six biopsies of primary lung ADC were subjected to EGFR mutation specific antibodies against del E746-A750 and L858R. Detection of EGFR mutation done by high resolution melting analysis (HRM) was used as gold standard. A concordance was established between molecular and IHC results. Frequency of IHC positivity was assessed. RESULTS Of the 206 patients, 129 were male and 77 were female patients, with a mean age of 54.1 yr. Fifty five (26.6%) patients (36 men; 19 women) showed positivity for IHC of del E746-A750 (33) and L858R (22). HRM results were available in 14 patients which showed EGFR mutations in correspondence with del E746-750 or L858R in 64.2 per cent cases. Positive cases on HRM were further confirmed by DNA sequencing and fragment analysis. Three patients showed exon[20] variation. Two cases were negative for mutation. The genotype of del E746-750 mutation was more common than L858R. A concordance was established between molecular mutation and IHC in 85.7 per cent cases. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary study from India mutation specific IHC was used for assessment of mutation status of EGFR. Although the number tested was small, a good concordance was observed between molecular EGFR mutation and IHC expression. IHC methodology is a potentially useful tool to guide clinicians for personalized treatment in lung ADC, especially where facilities for molecular analysis are not readily available and for use in small biopsies where material is scant for molecular tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sobuhi Iqbal
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritika Walia
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Malik
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunu Cyriac
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep R Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karan Madan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashu Bhalla
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushmita Pathy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Yoshimura K, Inoue Y, Mori K, Iwashita Y, Kahyo T, Kawase A, Tanahashi M, Ogawa H, Inui N, Funai K, Shinmura K, Niwa H, Suda T, Sugimura H. Distinct prognostic roles and heterogeneity ofTTF1copy number and TTF1 protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:570-581. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Tumor Pathology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital; Shizuoka Japan
| | - Yuji Iwashita
- Department of Tumor Pathology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Tumor Pathology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Akikazu Kawase
- First Department of Surgery; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanahashi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center; Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology; Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- First Department of Surgery; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center; Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
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Single palindromic molecular beacon-based amplification for genetic analysis of cancers. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:692-698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhou Z, Lyu X, Wu J, Yang X, Wu S, Zhou J, Gu X, Su Z, Chen S. TSNAD: an integrated software for cancer somatic mutation and tumour-specific neoantigen detection. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170050. [PMID: 28484631 PMCID: PMC5414268 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumour antigens have attracted much attention because of their importance to cancer diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. With the development of cancer genomics, the identification of tumour-specific neoantigens became possible, which is a crucial step for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we developed software called the tumour-specific neoantigen detector for detecting cancer somatic mutations following the best practices of the genome analysis toolkit and predicting potential tumour-specific neoantigens, which could be either extracellular mutations of membrane proteins or mutated peptides presented by class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. This pipeline was beneficial to the biologist with little programmatic background. We also applied the software to the somatic mutations from the International Cancer Genome Consortium database to predict numerous potential tumour-specific neoantigens. This software is freely available from https://github.com/jiujiezz/tsnad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzheng Lyu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcheng Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Gu
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Program of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Zhixi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Weber J, Peng H, Rader C. From rabbit antibody repertoires to rabbit monoclonal antibodies. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e305. [PMID: 28336958 PMCID: PMC5382564 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explain why and how rabbit monoclonal antibodies have become outstanding reagents for laboratory research and increasingly for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Starting with the unique ontogeny of rabbit B cells that affords highly distinctive antibody repertoires rich in in vivo pruned binders of high diversity, affinity and specificity, we describe the generation of rabbit monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology, phage display and alternative methods, along with an account of successful humanization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Weber
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Haiyong Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
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Hitij NT, Kern I, Sadikov A, Knez L, Stanič K, Zwitter M, Cufer T. Immunohistochemistry for EGFR Mutation Detection in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 18:e187-e196. [PMID: 28089159 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry (IHC) was compared with the standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for detecting common activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, we evaluated predictive value of IHC EGFR mutation-positive status for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment outcome and estimated cost-effectiveness for the upfront IHC testing. METHODS The trial included 79 consecutive EGFR mutation-positive and 29 EGFR mutation-negative NSCLC cases diagnosed with reflex PCR-based testing. Two mutation-specific antibodies against the most common exon 19 deletion, namely E746-A750del (clone SP111) and L858R mutation (clone SP125) were tested by using automated immunostainer. Sixty of 79 EGFR mutation-positive cases were treated with EGFR TKIs for advanced disease and included in treatment outcome analysis. A decision tree was used for the cost-effectiveness analysis. RESULTS The overall sensitivity and specificity of the IHC-based method compared with the PCR-based method were 84.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 74.6-91.6) and 100% (95% CI 85.4-100), respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with IHC-positive EGFR mutation status were highly comparable to the total cohort (PFS: 14.3 vs. 14.0 months; OS: 34.4 vs. 34.4 months). The PCR and IHC cost ratio needs to be approximately 8-to-1 and 4-to-1 in White and Asian populations, respectively, to economically justify upfront use of IHC. CONCLUSION The trial confirmed an excellent specificity with fairly good sensitivity of IHC with mutation-specific antibodies for common EGFR mutations and the accuracy of IHC testing for predicting response to EGFR TKIs. The use of upfront IHC depends mainly on the population EGFR mutation positivity probability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksander Sadikov
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Knez
- University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Tanja Cufer
- University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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EGFR Testing in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer, A Mini-Review. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 17:483-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Feng X, Liu C, Zhong D, Xu D, Ning C, Wang J. [Influence of Immunohistochemistry Scoring Criteria in Detecting EGFR Mutations]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2016; 18:740-4. [PMID: 26706950 PMCID: PMC6015181 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 恰当的免疫组化染色评分可确保突变检测结果的可靠性,目前大多数研究认为“四分法”是所有评分系统中最佳的方法。本研究旨在探讨不同四分法染色评分对检测结果的影响。 方法 用三种不同的四分法免疫组化染色评分标准评价83例非小细胞肺癌标本表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)突变情况,并以液相芯片法作为金标准进行比较,计算每种方法的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值(positive predictive value, PPV)、阴性预测值(negative predictive value, NPV)、与金标准间一致度及三种标准间是否存在统计学差异。 结果 三种标准在检测EGFR突变方面不存在统计学差异,每种标准检测结果的特异度均明显优于灵敏度。染色为“3+”的标本,PPV均可高达100%。 结论 不同的四分法评分没有绝对的最佳标准,但无论用何种标准,免疫组化法(immunohistochemistry, IHC)检测EGFR突变的特异度均明显优于灵敏度。评分为“3+”的标本,可认为实际确实存在突变,直接接受EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor, TKI)治疗。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Dongbo Xu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chao Ning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Immunohistochemical Localization of Wild-type EGFR, E746-A750 Frame Deletion in Exon 19, and L858R Point Mutation in Exon 21 in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 23:653-60. [PMID: 25789532 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated wild-type EGFR, E746-A750 frame deletion in exon 19, and L858R point mutation in exon 21 by immunohistochemistry in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS A retrospective study included 99 untreated early-stage and advanced-stage TNBC patients. Immunohistochemical localization of wild-type EGFR, EGFR E746-A750 deletion in exon 19, and EGFR L858R mutation in exon 21 was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks using mutation-specific primary antibodies. RESULTS EGFR protein expression was noted in 27% (27/99) of patients with 2+ or 3+ staining intensity in 7% (7/99) of patients. Significant correlation of EGFR protein expression with subgroups of clinicopathologic parameters was not found. In univariate and multivariate survival analysis, high EGFR expression (2+ or 3+) emerged as a significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival. With respect to mutation status, exon 19 deletion was observed in 3% (3/99) of patients. One patient with exon 19 deletion having high EGFR protein (2+) expression developed lung metastasis, whereas the other 2 patients with exon 19 deletion had low EGFR protein (1+) expression and remained disease free during the study period. CONCLUSIONS EGFR protein overexpression was observed in one fourth of TNBCs with very low incidence of EGFR-activating mutations in patients of western India.
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Nakamura H, Koizumi H, Kimura H, Marushima H, Saji H, Takagi M. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma detected using mutation-specific monoclonal antibodies. Lung Cancer 2016; 99:143-7. [PMID: 27565930 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation rates in adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) were studied using both DNA analysis and mutation-specific immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The peptide nucleic acid-locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction clamp method was used to detect mutations in exons 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the EGFR gene in DNA samples extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Simultaneously, immunohistochemical analysis with two EGFR mutation-specific monoclonal antibodies was used to identify proteins resulting from an in-frame deletion in exon 19 (E746_A750del) and a point mutation replacing leucine with arginine at codon 858 of exon 21 (L858R). RESULTS Forty-three tumors (22 AIS and 21 MIA) were examined. The EGFR mutation rate in AIS detected by DNA analysis was 27.3% (L858R, 5/22; exon 19 deletion,1/22), whereas that detected in MIA was 42.9% (L858R,4/21; exon 19 deletion,5/21). Mutations detected by immunohistochemical analysis included 22.7% (L858R, 4/22; exon 19 deletion, 1/22) in AIS and 42.9% (L858R, 4/21; exon 19 deletion, 5/21) in MIA. Although some results were contradictory, concordant results were obtained using both assays in 38 of 43 cases (88.4%). CONCLUSION DNA and immunohistochemical analyses revealed similar EGFR mutation rates in both MIA and AIS, suggesting that mutation-specific monoclonal antibodies are useful to confirm DNA assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Nakamura
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Koizumi
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Marushima
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Saji
- Department of Chest Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takagi
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Use of monoclonal antibodies to detect specific mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Hum Pathol 2016; 53:168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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