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Arora M, Kumari S, Kadian L, Anupa G, Singh J, Kumar A, Verma D, Pramanik R, Kumar S, Yadav R, Chopra A, Chauhan S. Involvement of DPP3 in modulating oncological features and oxidative stress response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222472. [PMID: 37531267 PMCID: PMC10500228 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a critical clinical problem and identification of novel therapeutic targets is highly warranted. Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP3) is a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase and functions in the terminal stages of the protein turnover. Several studies have reported overexpression and oncogenic functions of DPP3 in numerous malignancies. The present study aimed to determine the expression pattern and functional role of DPP3 in ESCC. DPP3 expression was assessed in normal and tumor tissues using quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR and corroborated with ESCC gene expression datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The cancer genome atlas (TCGA). DPP3 stable knockdown was performed in ESCC cells by shRNA and its effect on cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway was assessed. The results suggested that DPP3 is overexpressed in ESCC and its knockdown leads to reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and inhibited migration of ESCC cells. Additionally, DPP3 knockdown leads to down-regulation of the NRF2 pathway proteins, such as NRF2, G6PD, and NQO1 along with increased sensitivity toward oxidative stress-induced cell death and chemotherapy. Conclusively, these results demonstrate critical role of DPP3 in ESCC and DPP3/NRF2 axis may serve as an attractive therapeutic target against chemoresistance in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Kadian
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Geethadevi Anupa
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Pramanik
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S. Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Agić D, Karnaš M, Tomić S, Komar M, Karačić Z, Rastija V, Bešlo D, Šubarić D, Molnar M. Experimental and computational evaluation of dipeptidyl peptidase III inhibitors based on quinazolinone-Schiff's bases. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7567-7581. [PMID: 36106968 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is a zinc-dependent enzyme that sequentially hydrolyzes biologically active peptides by cleaving dipeptides from their N-termini. Although its fundamental role is not been fully elucidated, human DPP III (hDPP III) has been recognized in several pathophysiological processes of interest for drug development. In this article 27 quinazolinone-Schiff's bases were studied for their inhibitory activity against hDPP III combining an in vitro experiment with a computational approach. The biochemical assay showed that most compounds exhibited inhibitory activity at the 100 μM concentration. The best QSAR model included descriptors from the following 2D descriptor groups: information content indices, 2D autocorrelations, and edge adjacency indices. Five compounds were found to be the most potent inhibitors with IC50 values below 10 µM, while molecular docking predicted that these compounds bind to the central enzyme cleft and interact with residues of the substrate binding subsites. Molecular dynamics simulations of the most potent inhibitor (IC50=0.96 µM) provided valuable information explaining the role of PHE109, ARG319, GLU327, GLU329, and ILE386 in the mechanism of the inhibitor binding and stabilization. This is the first study that gives insight into quinazolinone-Schiff's bases binding to this metalloenzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Agić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Karnaš
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Divison of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Komar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Karačić
- Divison of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Drago Bešlo
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šubarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Karačić Z, Šupljika F, Tomić A, Brkljačić L, Paić AT, Ćehić M, Tomić S. Neuropeptides, substrates and inhibitors of human dipeptidyl peptidase III, experimental and computational study - A new substrate identified. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1390-1401. [PMID: 36116590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is a cytosolic, two-domain zinc-exopeptidase. It is widely distributed in mammalian tissues, where it's involved in the final steps of normal intracellular protein degradation. However, its pronounced affinity for some bioactive peptides (angiotensins, enkephalins, and endomorphins) suggests more specific functions such as blood pressure regulation and involvement in pain regulation. We have investigated several different neuropeptides as potential substrates and inhibitors of human DPP III. The binding affinities and kinetic data determined by isothermal titration calorimetry, in combination with measurements of enzyme inhibition identified the hemorphin-related valorphin, tynorphin, S-tynorphin, and I-tynorphin as the most potent inhibitors of DPP III (actually slow substrates), whereas hemorphin-4 proved to be the best substrate of all neuropeptides examined. In addition, we have shown that the neuropeptides valorphin, Leu-valorphin-Arg, and the opioid peptide β-casomorphin, are DPP III substrates. The molecular modelling of selected peptides shows uniform binding to the lower domain β-strand residues of DPP III via peptide backbone atoms, but also previously unrecognized stabilizing interactions with conserved residues of the metal-binding site and catalytic machinery in the upper domain. The computational data helped explain the differences between substrates that are hydrolyzed effectively and those hydrolysed slowly by DPP III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Karačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Filip Šupljika
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Antonija Tomić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lidija Brkljačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ana Tomašić Paić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirsada Ćehić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Tomić A, Tomić S. Demystifying DPP III Catalyzed Peptide Hydrolysis—Computational Study of the Complete Catalytic Cycle of Human DPP III Catalyzed Tynorphin Hydrolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031858. [PMID: 35163780 PMCID: PMC8836397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptides III (DPP III) is a dual-domain zinc exopeptidase that hydrolyzes peptides of varying sequence and size. Despite attempts to elucidate and narrow down the broad substrate-specificity of DPP III, there is no explanation as to why some of them, such as tynorphin (VVYPW), the truncated form of the endogenous heptapeptide spinorphin, are the slow-reacting substrates of DPP III compared to others, such as Leu-enkephalin. Using quantum molecular mechanics calculations followed by various molecular dynamics techniques, we describe for the first time the entire catalytic cycle of human DPP III, providing theoretical insight into the inhibitory mechanism of tynorphin. The chemical step of peptide bond hydrolysis and the substrate binding to the active site of the enzyme and release of the product were described for DPP III in complex with tynorphin and Leu-enkephalin and their products. We found that tynorphin is cleaved by the same reaction mechanism determined for Leu-enkephalin. More importantly, we showed that the product stabilization and regeneration of the enzyme, but not the nucleophilic attack of the catalytic water molecule and inversion at the nitrogen atom of the cleavable peptide bond, correspond to the rate-determining steps of the overall catalytic cycle of the enzyme.
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Kaufmann P, Muenzner M, Kästorf M, Santos K, Hartmann T, Dienelt A, Rehfeld L, Bergmann A. A novel and highly efficient purification procedure for native human dipeptidyl peptidase 3 from human blood cell lysate. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220866. [PMID: 31390378 PMCID: PMC6685676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl amino-peptidase 3 (DPP3) is an aminopeptidase involved in peptide degradation, including hormone peptides as angiotensin II and enkephalins. DPP3 plasma activity increases in septic patients and correlates with mortality risk. However, the exact physiological role of DPP3 remains unclear and animal studies are necessary to reveal the function of DPP3 in vivo. To this demand, we developed a two-step purification procedure for isolation of native human DPP3 from blood cell lysate (BCL) that is suitable for in vivo applications. With the use of monoclonal antibodies coupled to beads in combination with an ion-exchange chromatography, we recovered 68% of human DPP3 activity from BCL with a purity of ≥ 95%. Purified human DPP3 was assayed for activity and protein concentration using recently published DPP3-activity- and immunoassays. Additionally, protein stability and storage in relevant buffers were tested. Our results provide a promising strategy for fast and efficient isolation of human DPP3. The purified human DPP3 represents the native state of DPP3, suitable for future in vivo applications to investigate the physiological role of DPP3 and its involvement in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anke Dienelt
- Sphingotec Therapeutics GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
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6
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Tomić A, Kovačević B, Tomić S. Concerted nitrogen inversion and hydrogen bonding to Glu451 are responsible for protein-controlled suppression of the reverse reaction in human DPP III. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:27245-27256. [PMID: 27711538 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04580d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human dipeptidyl-peptidase III (h.DPP III) is a zinc-exopeptidase that hydrolyses dipeptides from the N-terminus of its substrates. Its mechanism of action was assumed to be similar to that of thermolysin, but was never thoroughly investigated. This study presents the first insight into the reaction mechanism of h.DPP III, determined on the model and real (hydrated enzyme with Leu-enkephalin bound in the active site) systems. The Glu451-assisted water addition on amide carbon atoms and nitrogen inversion (i.e. change of pyramidalization on the leaving nitrogen) are shown to be the rate-determining steps with the activation energies in a good agreement with the experimental results for the Leu-enkephalin hydrolysis. The energy barrier for nucleophilic attack is about 28 kJ mol-1, while barriers for the N-inversion differ as a consequence of the number of hydrogen bonds that have to be changed, which is smaller in the model active site than in the solvated enzyme. Although precisely defined geometry of the enzyme binding site puts an additional restraint on the hydrogen bonding interactions, at the same time it stimulates the forward reaction towards the final hydrolytic product. Namely, different from the model, the N-inversion is in a concerted fashion followed by favourable hydrogen bonding with Glu451 that immediately "locks" the system into the configuration where reversion to the enzyme-substrate complex is hardly achievable. Therefore we propose that the functional significance of DPP III is dual: to lower the energy barrier of the peptide hydrolysis and to suppress the reverse reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tomić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - B Kovačević
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - S Tomić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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7
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Prajapati SC, Singh R, Chauhan SS. Human dipeptidyl peptidase III regulates G-protein coupled receptor-dependent Ca2+ concentration in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Biol Chem 2017; 397:563-9. [PMID: 26887037 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The precise biological function of human dipeptidyl peptidase III (hDPP III) is poorly understood. Using luciferase reporter constructs responsive to change in Ca2+ and/or cAMP and Fura 2-AM fluorometric assay, we show a significant decrease in intracellular Ca2+ following hDPP III overexpression and angiotensin II stimulation in angiotensin II type 1 receptor (G-protein coupled receptor, GPCR) expressing HEK293T cells. Silencing the expression of hDPP III by siRNA reversed the effect of hDPP III overexpression with a concomitant increase in Ca2+. These results, for the first time, show involvement of hDPP III in GPCR dependent Ca2+ regulation in HEK293T cells.
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8
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Matovina M, Agić D, Abramić M, Matić S, Karačić Z, Tomić S. New findings about human dipeptidyl peptidase III based on mutations found in cancer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02642k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we investigated the role of two highly conserved residues in the peptidase family M49, whose mutations G313W and R510W were detected in human cancer, using combined experimental and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Matovina
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - D. Agić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
- Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek
- Osijek
- Croatia
| | - M. Abramić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - S. Matić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Z. Karačić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - S. Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
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9
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Cvitešić A, Sabljić I, Makarević J, Abramić M. Novel dipeptidyl hydroxamic acids that inhibit human and bacterial dipeptidyl peptidase III. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:40-45. [PMID: 27226411 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1186021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dipeptidyl peptidase III (hDPP III), a zinc-metallopeptidase of the family M49, is an activator of the Keap1-Nrf2 cytoprotective pathway involved in defense against oxidative stress. Pathophysiological roles of DPP III have not been elucidated yet, partly due to the lack of specific inhibitors. We showed that substrate analog H-Tyr-Phe-NHOH is a strong competitive inhibitor of hDPP III, while H-Tyr-Gly-NHOH expresses much weaker inhibition. To investigate the effects of amino acid substitutions in inhibitor P1 position, we synthesized three new dipeptidyl hydroxamates and examined their influence on the activity of hDPP III and DPP III from the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The extent of inhibition of hDPP III, but not of bacterial enzyme, was dependent on the amino acid in P1. H-Phe-Phe-NHOH is recognized as one of the strongest inhibitors of hDPP III (Ki = 0.028 μM), and H-Phe-Leu-NHOH discriminated between human and bacterial ortholog of the M49 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cvitešić
- a Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , and
| | - Igor Sabljić
- b Division of Physical Chemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54 , Zagreb , Croatia
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10
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Human dipeptidyl peptidase III mRNA variant I and II are expressed concurrently in multiple tumor derived cell lines and translated at comparable efficiency in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:457-62. [PMID: 27153830 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is an emerging biomarker of human cancers. Expression, specificity, and function of human DPP III (hDPP III) mRNA variant I (V-I), II (V-II), and III (V-III) are poorly understood. Here, we investigated expression of these variants in multiple human tumor derived cell lines. DNA sequencing revealed concurrent expression of hDPP III V-I and V-II in U87MG (glioblastoma), SCC4 (squamous cell carcinoma), SiHa (carcinoma of uterus) cells. In SKOV1 cells, a cell line derived from ovarian carcinoma where a positive correlation between histological aggressiveness of the malignancy and hDPP III expression has previously been established, only V-II could be detected. Human DPP III V-III, which lacks an in-frame coding sequence, could not be detected in any of these cell lines. 5' untranslated region (UTR) of hDPP III V-II contains nucleotides GCA (-12 to -10 bp) upstream to the translation initiator codon (AUG). These nucleotides are absent from V-I and V-III, however, both V-I and V-II encode for the same hDPP III protein isoform-I. In vitro transcription coupled translation assay using hDPP III V-I and V-II expression vectors which contained full length V-I and V-II cDNA including the variable 5' UTR cloned under T7 promoter, respectively revealed a comparable translational efficiency for both the variants, abrogating involvement of nucleotides GCA (-12 to -10 bp) in translation of the variants. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate concurrent expression in multiple tumor derived cell lines and a comparable in vitro translational efficiency for hDPP III V-I and II.
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11
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Ween MP, Armstrong MA, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. The role of ABC transporters in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:220-56. [PMID: 26100653 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 80% of ovarian cancer patients develop chemoresistance which results in a lethal course of the disease. A well-established cause of chemoresistance involves the family of ATP-binding cassette transporters, or ABC transporters that transport a wide range of substrates including metabolic products, nutrients, lipids, and drugs across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. Expressions of various ABC transporters, shown to reduce the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapy drugs, are increased following chemotherapy and impact on ovarian cancer survival. Although clinical trials to date using ABC transporter inhibitors have been disappointing, ABC transporter inhibition remains an attractive potential adjuvant to chemotherapy. A greater understanding of their physiological functions and role in ovarian cancer chemoresistance will be important for the development of more effective targeted therapies. This article will review the role of the ABC transporter family in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance as well as the clinical attempts used to date to reverse chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ween
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide
| | - M A Armstrong
- Data Management and Analysis Centre, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - M K Oehler
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Ricciardelli
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Mačak Šafranko Ž, Sobočanec S, Šarić A, Jajčanin-Jozić N, Krsnik Ž, Aralica G, Balog T, Abramić M. The effect of 17β-estradiol on the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase III and heme oxygenase 1 in liver of CBA/H mice. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:471-9. [PMID: 25432329 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17β-estradiol (E₂) has well-established cardioprotective, antioxidant and neuroprotective role, and exerts a vast range of biological effects in both sexes. Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is protease involved as activator in Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway, which is important in cellular defense to oxidative and electrophilic stress. It is generally accepted that oxidative stress is crucial in promoting liver diseases. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of E₂ on the expression of DPP III and haeme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in liver of adult CBA/H mice of both sexes. METHODS Gene and protein expressions of studied enzymes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyse the localization of both proteins in different liver cell types. RESULTS Ovariectomy diminished expression of DPP III and HO-1 proteins. E₂ administration abolished this effect, and even increased these proteins above the control. A significant enhancement in DPP III protein was found in E₂-treated males, as well. A decrease in the expression of HO-1, but not of the DPP III gene, was detected in the liver of ovariectomized females. HO-1 protein was found localized in the pericentral areas of hepatic lobules (Kupffer cells and hepatocytes), whilst DPP III showed a uniform distribution within hepatic tissue. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that E₂ influences the protein level of DPP III in vivo, and confirm earlier finding on HO-1 gene upregulation by 17β-estradiol. These results additionally confer new insights into complexity of protective action of E₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ž Mačak Šafranko
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Sobočanec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Šarić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Jajčanin-Jozić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ž Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G Aralica
- Department of Pathology, Medical School University of Zagreb and University Hospital, Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T Balog
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Abramić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Zhang Y, Yan Q, Ahn SH, Fowler VG. Host gene expression profiling and in vivo cytokine studies to characterize the role of linezolid and vancomycin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) murine sepsis model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60463. [PMID: 23565251 PMCID: PMC3614971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Linezolid (L), a potent antibiotic for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. By contrast, vancomycin (V) is a cell wall active agent. Here, we used a murine sepsis model to test the hypothesis that L treatment is associated with differences in bacterial and host characteristics as compared to V. Mice were injected with S. aureus USA300, and then intravenously treated with 25 mg/kg of either L or V at 2 hours post infection (hpi). In vivo alpha-hemolysin production was reduced in both L and V-treated mice compared to untreated mice but the reduction did not reach the statistical significance [P = 0.12 for L; P = 0.70 for V). PVL was significantly reduced in L-treated mice compared to untreated mice (P = 0.02). However the reduction of in vivo PVL did not reach the statistical significance in V- treated mice compared to untreated mice (P = 0.27). Both antibiotics significantly reduced IL-1β production [P = 0.001 for L; P = 0.006 for V]. IL-6 was significantly reduced with L but not V antibiotic treatment [P<0.001 for L; P = 0.11 for V]. Neither treatment significantly reduced production of TNF-α. Whole-blood gene expression profiling showed no significant effect of L and V on uninfected mice. In S. aureus-infected mice, L altered the expression of a greater number of genes than V (95 vs. 42; P = 0.001). Pathway analysis for the differentially expressed genes identified toll-like receptor signaling pathway to be common to each S. aureus-infected comparison. Expression of immunomodulatory genes like Cxcl9, Cxcl10, Il1r2, Cd14 and Nfkbia was different among the treatment groups. Glycerolipid metabolism pathway was uniquely associated with L treatment in S. aureus infection. This study demonstrates that, as compared to V, treatment with L is associated with reduced levels of toxin production, differences in host inflammatory response, and distinct host gene expression characteristics in MRSA sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BKSK); (SHA)
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Qin Yan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sun Hee Ahn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BKSK); (SHA)
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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14
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Ahn SH, Tsalik EL, Cyr DD, Zhang Y, van Velkinburgh JC, Langley RJ, Glickman SW, Cairns CB, Zaas AK, Rivers EP, Otero RM, Veldman T, Kingsmore SF, Lucas J, Woods CW, Ginsburg GS, Fowler VG. Gene expression-based classifiers identify Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice and humans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e48979. [PMID: 23326304 PMCID: PMC3541361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes a spectrum of human infection. Diagnostic delays and uncertainty lead to treatment delays and inappropriate antibiotic use. A growing literature suggests the host’s inflammatory response to the pathogen represents a potential tool to improve upon current diagnostics. The hypothesis of this study is that the host responds differently to S. aureus than to E. coli infection in a quantifiable way, providing a new diagnostic avenue. This study uses Bayesian sparse factor modeling and penalized binary regression to define peripheral blood gene-expression classifiers of murine and human S. aureus infection. The murine-derived classifier distinguished S. aureus infection from healthy controls and Escherichia coli-infected mice across a range of conditions (mouse and bacterial strain, time post infection) and was validated in outbred mice (AUC>0.97). A S. aureus classifier derived from a cohort of 94 human subjects distinguished S. aureus blood stream infection (BSI) from healthy subjects (AUC 0.99) and E. coli BSI (AUC 0.84). Murine and human responses to S. aureus infection share common biological pathways, allowing the murine model to classify S. aureus BSI in humans (AUC 0.84). Both murine and human S. aureus classifiers were validated in an independent human cohort (AUC 0.95 and 0.92, respectively). The approach described here lends insight into the conserved and disparate pathways utilized by mice and humans in response to these infections. Furthermore, this study advances our understanding of S. aureus infection; the host response to it; and identifies new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Ahn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Section on Infectious Diseases, Durham Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Derek D. Cyr
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer C. van Velkinburgh
- van Velkinburgh Initiative for Collaborative BioMedical Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Raymond J. Langley
- Immunology Division, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Seth W. Glickman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles B. Cairns
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aimee K. Zaas
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emanuel P. Rivers
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ronny M. Otero
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tim Veldman
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen F. Kingsmore
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joseph Lucas
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Section on Infectious Diseases, Durham Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GSG); (VGF)
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GSG); (VGF)
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15
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Sun J, Zhou W, Kaliappan K, Nawaz Z, Slingerland JM. ERα phosphorylation at Y537 by Src triggers E6-AP-ERα binding, ERα ubiquitylation, promoter occupancy, and target gene expression. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1567-77. [PMID: 22865929 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many transcription factors undergo transcription-coupled proteolysis. Although ligand binding activates ubiquitin proteolysis of estrogen receptor α (ERα), mechanisms governing this and its relationship to transcriptional activation were unclear. Data presented link cross talk between the Src kinase and liganded ERα with ERα activation and its ubiquitylation. Liganded ERα rapidly activates and recruits Src, which phosphorylates ERα at tyrosine 537 (Y537). This enhances ERα binding to the ubiquitin ligase/ERα coactivator, E6-associated protein (E6-AP), stimulating ERα ubiquitylation, target gene activation, and ultimately ERα loss. ERα phosphorylation by Src promotes ERα ubiquitylation by E6-AP and proteasomal degradation in vitro. Src inhibition impairs estrogen (E2)-activated ERα:E6-AP binding, reducing ERα degradation. ERα-Y537F shows little E2-stimulated degradation and activates native ERα target genes poorly. Src activation enhances ERα and E6-AP binding and their occupancy at ERα target gene promoters to enhance transcription. Thus, ERαY537 phosphorylation drives ERα:E6-AP binding to at least a subset of target promoters, linking transcriptional activation to ERα degradation and providing a novel mechanism to fine tune ERα action. The observation that ERα transcriptional activity can be briskly maintained in a context of reduced ERα levels raises the possibility that hormonally sensitive tissues may not always show robust ERα protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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