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Duan J, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Liang D, Liu Z, Chen X, Li Z. Imaging-proteomic analysis for prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy responses in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21256-21269. [PMID: 37962087 PMCID: PMC10726892 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimizing patient selection for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer remains an unmet clinical need. Quantitative features from medical imaging were reported to be predictive of treatment responses. However, the biologic meaning of these latent features is poorly understood, preventing the clinical use of such noninvasive imaging markers. The study aimed to develop a deep learning signature (DLS) from pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer and to further investigate the biologic meaning of the DLS by identifying its underlying pathways using paired MRI and proteomic sequencing data. METHODS MRI-based DLS was constructed (radiogenomic training dataset, n = 105) and validated (radiogenomic validation dataset, n = 26) for the prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Proteomic sequencing revealed biological functions facilitating pCR (n = 139). Their associations with DLS were uncovered by radiogenomic analysis. RESULTS The DLS achieved a prediction accuracy of 0.923 with an AUC of 0.958, higher than the performance of the model trained by transfer learning. Cellular membrane formation, endocytosis, insulin-like growth factor binding, protein localization to membranes, and cytoskeleton-dependent trafficking were differentially regulated in patients showing pCR. Oncogenic signaling pathways, features correlated with human phenotypes, and features correlated with general biological processes were significantly correlated with DLS in both training and validation dataset (p.adj < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study offers a biologically interpretable DLS for the prediction of pCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer, which may guide personalized medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Duan
- Institute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yuanshen Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Qiuchang Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical DevicesShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen United Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical EquipmentShenzhenChina
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Department of RadiologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and ApplicationGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Cheng Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical DevicesShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen United Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical EquipmentShenzhenChina
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2
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Steffens Reinhardt L, Groen K, Zhang X, Morten BC, Wawruszak A, Avery-Kiejda KA. p53 isoform expression promotes a stemness phenotype and inhibits doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:509. [PMID: 37553320 PMCID: PMC10409720 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In breast cancer, dysregulated TP53 expression signatures are a better predictor of chemotherapy response and survival outcomes than TP53 mutations. Our previous studies have shown that high levels of Δ40p53 are associated with worse disease-free survival and disruption of p53-induced DNA damage response in breast cancers. Here, we further investigated the in vitro and in vivo implications of Δ40p53 expression in breast cancer. We have shown that genes associated with cell differentiation are downregulated while those associated with stem cell regulation are upregulated in invasive ductal carcinomas expressing high levels of Δ40p53. In contrast to p53, endogenous ∆40p53 co-localised with the stem cell markers Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog in MCF-7 and ZR75-1 cell lines. ∆40p53 and Sox2 co-localisation was also detected in breast cancer specimens. Further, in cells expressing a high ∆40p53:p53 ratio, increased expression of stem cell markers, greater mammosphere and colony formation capacities, and downregulation of miR-145 and miR-200 (p53-target microRNAs that repress stemness) were observed compared to the control subline. In vivo, a high ∆40p53:p53 ratio led to increased tumour growth, Ki67 and Sox2 expression, and blood microvessel areas in the vehicle-treated mice. High expression of ∆40p53 also reduced tumour sensitivity to doxorubicin compared to control tumours. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin was observed when transiently targeting Δ40p53 or when treating cells with OTSSP167 with concomitant chemotherapy. Taken together, high Δ40p53 levels induce tumour growth and may promote chemoresistance by inducing a stemness phenotype in breast cancer; thus, targeting Δ40p53 in tumours that have a high Δ40p53:p53 ratio could enhance the efficacy of standard-of-care therapies such as doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Steffens Reinhardt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Kira Groen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiajie Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Brianna C Morten
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.
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3
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Steffens Reinhardt L, Groen K, Xavier A, Avery-Kiejda KA. p53 Dysregulation in Breast Cancer: Insights on Mutations in the TP53 Network and p53 Isoform Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10078. [PMID: 37373225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, p53 expression levels are better predictors of outcome and chemotherapy response than TP53 mutation. Several molecular mechanisms that modulate p53 levels and functions, including p53 isoform expression, have been described, and may contribute to deregulated p53 activities and worse cancer outcomes. In this study, TP53 and regulators of the p53 pathway were sequenced by targeted next-generation sequencing in a cohort of 137 invasive ductal carcinomas and associations between the identified sequence variants, and p53 and p53 isoform expression were explored. The results demonstrate significant variability in levels of p53 isoform expression and TP53 variant types among tumours. We have shown that TP53 truncating and missense mutations modulate p53 levels. Further, intronic mutations, particularly polymorphisms in intron 4, which can affect the translation from the internal TP53 promoter, were associated with increased Δ133p53 levels. Differential expression of p53 and p53 isoforms was associated with the enrichment of sequence variants in p53 interactors BRCA1, PALB2, and CHEK2. Taken together, these results underpin the complexity of p53 and p53 isoform regulation. Furthermore, given the growing evidence associating dysregulated levels of p53 isoforms with cancer progression, certain TP53 sequence variants that show strong links to p53 isoform expression may advance the field of prognostic biomarker study in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Steffens Reinhardt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Kira Groen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Alexandre Xavier
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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4
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Trac QT, Pawitan Y, Mou T, Erkers T, Östling P, Bohlin A, Österroos A, Vesterlund M, Jafari R, Siavelis I, Bäckvall H, Kiviluoto S, Orre LM, Rantalainen M, Lehtiö J, Lehmann S, Kallioniemi O, Vu TN. Prediction model for drug response of acute myeloid leukemia patients. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:32. [PMID: 36964195 PMCID: PMC10039068 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite some encouraging successes, predicting the therapy response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients remains highly challenging due to tumor heterogeneity. Here we aim to develop and validate MDREAM, a robust ensemble-based prediction model for drug response in AML based on an integration of omics data, including mutations and gene expression, and large-scale drug testing. Briefly, MDREAM is first trained in the BeatAML cohort (n = 278), and then validated in the BeatAML (n = 183) and two external cohorts, including a Swedish AML cohort (n = 45) and a relapsed/refractory acute leukemia cohort (n = 12). The final prediction is based on 122 ensemble models, each corresponding to a drug. A confidence score metric is used to convey the uncertainty of predictions; among predictions with a confidence score >0.75, the validated proportion of good responders is 77%. The Spearman correlations between the predicted and the observed drug response are 0.68 (95% CI: [0.64, 0.68]) in the BeatAML validation set, -0.49 (95% CI: [-0.53, -0.44]) in the Swedish cohort and 0.59 (95% CI: [0.51, 0.67]) in the relapsed/refractory cohort. A web-based implementation of MDREAM is publicly available at https://www.meb.ki.se/shiny/truvu/MDREAM/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Thinh Trac
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yudi Pawitan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tian Mou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tom Erkers
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi Östling
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Bohlin
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Unit for Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albin Österroos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Vesterlund
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rozbeh Jafari
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Siavelis
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Bäckvall
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Santeri Kiviluoto
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas M Orre
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Rantalainen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Unit for Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Trung Nghia Vu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Circulating tumor DNA reveals complex biological features with clinical relevance in metastatic breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1157. [PMID: 36859416 PMCID: PMC9977734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has proven valuable in identifying individual genetic alterations; however, the ability of plasma ctDNA to capture complex tumor phenotypes with clinical value is unknown. To address this question, we have performed 0.5X shallow whole-genome sequencing in plasma from 459 patients with metastatic breast cancer, including 245 patients treated with endocrine therapy and a CDK4/6 inhibitor (ET + CDK4/6i) from 2 independent cohorts. We demonstrate that machine learning multi-gene signatures, obtained from ctDNA, identify complex biological features, including measures of tumor proliferation and estrogen receptor signaling, similar to what is accomplished using direct tumor tissue DNA or RNA profiling. More importantly, 4 DNA-based subtypes, and a ctDNA-based genomic signature tracking retinoblastoma loss-of-heterozygosity, are significantly associated with poor response and survival outcome following ET + CDK4/6i, independently of plasma tumor fraction. Our approach opens opportunities for the discovery of additional multi-feature genomic predictors coming from ctDNA in breast cancer and other cancer-types.
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6
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Hurson AN, Abubakar M, Hamilton AM, Conway K, Hoadley KA, Love MI, Olshan AF, Perou CM, Garcia-Closas M, Troester MA. Prognostic significance of RNA-based TP53 pathway function among estrogen receptor positive and negative breast cancer cases. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:74. [PMID: 35701440 PMCID: PMC9198049 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 and estrogen receptor (ER) are essential in breast cancer development and progression, but TP53 status (by DNA sequencing or protein expression) has been inconsistently associated with survival. We evaluated whether RNA-based TP53 classifiers are related to survival. Participants included 3213 women in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS) with invasive breast cancer (stages I-III). Tumors were classified for TP53 status (mutant-like/wildtype-like) using an RNA signature. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) among ER- and TP53-defined subtypes. RNA-based results were compared to DNA- and IHC-based TP53 classification, as well as Basal-like versus non-Basal-like subtype. Findings from the diverse (50% Black), population-based CBCS were compared to those from the largely white METABRIC study. RNA-based TP53 mutant-like was associated with BCSS among both ER-negatives and ER-positives (HR (95% CI) = 5.38 (1.84-15.78) and 4.66 (1.79-12.15), respectively). Associations were attenuated when using DNA- or IHC-based TP53 classification. In METABRIC, few ER-negative tumors were TP53-wildtype-like, but TP53 status was a strong predictor of BCSS among ER-positives. In both populations, the effect of TP53 mutant-like status was similar to that for Basal-like subtype. RNA-based measures of TP53 status are strongly associated with BCSS and may have value among ER-negative cancers where few prognostic markers have been robustly validated. Given the role of TP53 in chemotherapeutic response, RNA-based TP53 as a prognostic biomarker could address an unmet need in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Hurson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mustapha Abubakar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Alina M Hamilton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael I Love
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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7
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Yao K, Schaafsma E, Zhang B, Cheng C. Tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic features predict prognosis in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009495. [PMID: 35263321 PMCID: PMC8936467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is generally associated with favorable prognosis, clinical outcome varies substantially among patients. Genomic assays have been developed and applied to predict patient prognosis for personalized treatment. We hypothesize that the recurrence risk of ER+ breast cancer patients is determined by both genomic mutations intrinsic to tumor cells and extrinsic immunological features in the tumor microenvironment. Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer data, we identified the 72 most common genomic aberrations (including gene mutations and indels) in ER+ breast cancer and defined sample-specific scores that systematically characterized the deregulated pathways intrinsic to tumor cells. To further consider tumor cell extrinsic features, we calculated immune infiltration scores for six major immune cell types. Many individual intrinsic features are predictive of patient prognosis in ER+ breast cancer, and some of them achieved comparable accuracy with the Oncotype DX assay. In addition, statistical learning models that integrated these features predicts the recurrence risk of patients with significantly better performance than the Oncotype DX assay (our optimized random forest model AUC = 0.841, Oncotype DX model AUC = 0.792, p = 0.04). As a proof-of-concept, our study indicates the great potential of genomic and immunological features in prognostic prediction for improving breast cancer precision medicine. The framework introduced in this work can be readily applied to other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Baoyi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Clinical and Transcriptional Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Predicting clinical outcomes of cancer patients with a p53 deficiency gene signature. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1317. [PMID: 35079034 PMCID: PMC8789768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53, encoded by the TP53 gene, is mutated or nullified in nearly 50% of human cancers. It has long been debated whether TP53 mutations can be utilized as a biomarker to predict clinical outcomes of cancer patients. In this study, we applied computational methods to calculate p53 deficiency scores (PDSs) that reflect the inactivation of the p53 pathway, instead of TP53 mutation status. Compared to TP53 mutation status, the p53 deficiency gene signature is a powerful predictor of overall survival and drug sensitivity in a variety of cancer types and treatments. Interestingly, the PDSs predicted clinical outcomes more accurately than drug sensitivity in cell lines, suggesting that tumor heterogeneity and/or tumor microenvironment may play an important role in predicting clinical outcomes using p53 deficiency gene signatures.
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A Correlation Analysis Between Metabolism-related Genes and Treatment Response to S-1 as First-line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer: The SELECT BC-EURECA Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 21:450-457. [PMID: 33685834 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The previous randomized phase 3 trial (SELECT BC) showed that S-1 as a first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is non-inferior to taxane with respect to overall survival. This study aimed to identify the usefulness of metabolism-related genes as predictive biomarkers for the response to S-1 compared with taxane using tumor tissue samples from the previous trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this SELECT BC-EURECA study, 147 patients with human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative MBC who received either S-1 or taxane were evaluated. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens were collected, and 14 genes involved in the pyrimidine metabolic pathway, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, Ki67, and beta-tubulin were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in microdissected tumor specimens. The expression of each gene was categorized as low, intermediate, and high by tertile values. RESULTS: Interaction tests to identify biomarkers for the response to S-1 compared with taxane, revealed the following as the top 3 biomarkers: RRM1 (P value = 0.24), GGH (P value = 0.25), and MTHFR (P value = 0.28). In the S-1 group, lower GGH and higher MTHFR expression were significantly correlated with better time to treatment failure. In the taxane group, there was no gene that was identified as a significant indicator of treatment failure. CONCLUSION This biomarker analysis from SELECT BC did not identify any predictive biomarkers for the response to S-1 compared with taxane. Future studies with larger sample size and information on not only mRNA, but also protein and DNA for broad functional analyses are needed.
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Gris-Oliver A, Palafox M, Monserrat L, Brasó-Maristany F, Òdena A, Sánchez-Guixé M, Ibrahim YH, Villacampa G, Grueso J, Parés M, Guzmán M, Rodríguez O, Bruna A, Hirst CS, Barnicle A, de Bruin EC, Reddy A, Schiavon G, Arribas J, Mills GB, Caldas C, Dienstmann R, Prat A, Nuciforo P, Razavi P, Scaltriti M, Turner NC, Saura C, Davies BR, Oliveira M, Serra V. Genetic Alterations in the PI3K/AKT Pathway and Baseline AKT Activity Define AKT Inhibitor Sensitivity in Breast Cancer Patient-derived Xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3720-3731. [PMID: 32220884 PMCID: PMC7814659 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AZD5363/capivasertib is a pan-AKT catalytic inhibitor with promising activity in combination with paclitaxel in triple-negative metastatic breast cancer harboring PI3K/AKT-pathway alterations and in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in combination with fulvestrant. Here, we aimed to identify response biomarkers and uncover mechanisms of resistance to AZD5363 and its combination with paclitaxel. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Genetic and proteomic markers were analyzed in 28 HER2-negative patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and in patient samples, and correlated to AZD5363 sensitivity as single agent and in combination with paclitaxel. RESULTS Four PDX were derived from patients receiving AZD5363 in the clinic which exhibited concordant treatment response. Mutations in PIK3CA/AKT1 and absence of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-activating alterations, for example, in MTOR or TSC1, were associated with sensitivity to AZD5363 monotherapy. Interestingly, excluding PTEN from the composite biomarker increased its accuracy from 64% to 89%. Moreover, resistant PDXs exhibited low baseline pAKT S473 and residual pS6 S235 upon treatment, suggesting that parallel pathways bypass AKT/S6K1 signaling in these models. We identified two mechanisms of acquired resistance to AZD5363: cyclin D1 overexpression and loss of AKT1 p.E17K. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into putative predictive biomarkers of response and acquired resistance to AZD5363 in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gris-Oliver
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Palafox
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Monserrat
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fara Brasó-Maristany
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Òdena
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Sánchez-Guixé
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Villacampa
- Oncology Data Science Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Grueso
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Parés
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Guzmán
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Rodríguez
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | | | - Alan Barnicle
- Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Avinash Reddy
- Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Schiavon
- Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Growth Factors Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell Development and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Breast Unit, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Dienstmann
- Oncology Data Science Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain
- SOLTI Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Nuciforo
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Department of Medicine and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Saura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Cancer and Melanoma Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mafalda Oliveira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Cancer and Melanoma Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Good Cop, Bad Cop: Defining the Roles of Δ40p53 in Cancer and Aging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061659. [PMID: 32585821 PMCID: PMC7352174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 is essential for maintaining DNA integrity, and plays a major role in cellular senescence and aging. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to p53 dysfunction can uncover novel possibilities for improving cancer therapies and diagnosis, as well as cognitive decline associated with aging. In recent years, the complexity of p53 signalling has become increasingly apparent owing to the discovery of the p53 isoforms. These isoforms play important roles in regulating cell growth and turnover in response to different stressors, depending on the cellular context. In this review, we focus on Δ40p53, an N-terminally truncated p53 isoform. Δ40p53 can alter p53 target gene expression in both a positive and negative manner, modulating the biological outcome of p53 activation; it also functions independently of p53. Therefore, proper control of the Δ40p53: p53 ratio is essential for normal cell growth, aging, and responses to cancer therapy. Defining the contexts and the mechanisms by which Δ40p53 behaves as a "good cop or bad cop" is critical if we are to target this isoform therapeutically.
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12
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Nie S, Lou L, Wang J, Cui J, Wu W, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Su L, Chang Y, Guo W, Shen H, Xing L, Li Y. Expression, association with clinicopathological features and prognostic potential of CEP55, p-Akt, FoxM1 and MMP-2 in astrocytoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1685-1694. [PMID: 32724411 PMCID: PMC7377175 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) is a member of the centrosomal-associated protein family and participates in the regulation of cytokinesis during cell mitosis. However, aberrant CEP55 protein expression has been observed in human tumors. In addition, CEP55 regulates the biological functions of tumors by inducing the Akt pathway and upregulating forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). In the present study, the levels, clinicopathological features and prognostic potential of CEP55, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), FoxM1 and MMP-2 in astrocytoma were evaluated. CEP55, p-Akt, FoxM1 and MMP-2 levels were examined in 27 normal brain tissues and 262 astrocytoma tissues by using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to predict the prognosis of patients with astrocytoma. The results indicated that expression levels of CEP55 and other proteins were elevated in human astrocytoma compared with those in normal brain tissue. The levels of the selected proteins were increased as the tumor grade increased. Furthermore, CEP55 expression was positively correlated with p-Akt, FoxM1 and MMP-2 levels in astrocytoma. Overall survival analysis revealed that patient prognosis was associated with CEP55, p-Akt, FoxM1 and MMP-2 levels, as well as with the tumor grade and patient age. Furthermore, CEP55, FoxM1, tumor grade and patient age were independent prognostic factors in astrocytoma according to multivariate analysis. Taken together, the present results suggested that CEP55, p-Akt, FoxM1 and MMP-2 have crucial roles in the progression and prognosis of human astrocytoma and that CEP55 and FoxM1 may be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Nie
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lingrui Su
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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13
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Gao Q, López-Knowles E, Cheang MCU, Morden J, Ribas R, Sidhu K, Evans D, Martins V, Dodson A, Skene A, Holcombe C, Mallon E, Evans A, Bliss JM, Robertson J, Smith I, Martin LA, Dowsett M. Impact of aromatase inhibitor treatment on global gene expression and its association with antiproliferative response in ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal patients. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 22:2. [PMID: 31892336 PMCID: PMC6938628 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endocrine therapy reduces breast cancer mortality by 40%, but resistance remains a major clinical problem. In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy on gene expression and identify gene modules representing key biological pathways that relate to early AI therapy resistance. Methods Global gene expression was measured on pairs of core-cut biopsies taken at baseline and at surgery from 254 patients with ER-positive primary breast cancer randomised to receive 2-week presurgical AI (n = 198) or no presurgical treatment (control n = 56) from the POETIC trial. Data from the AI group was adjusted to eliminate artefactual process-related changes identified in the control group. The response was assessed by changes in the proliferation marker, Ki67. Results High baseline ESR1 expression associated with better AI response in HER2+ tumours but not HER2− tumours. In HER2− tumours, baseline expression of 48 genes associated with poor antiproliferative response (p < 0.005) including PERP and YWHAQ, the two most significant, and the transcription co-regulators (SAP130, HDAC4, and NCOA7) which were among the top 16 most significant. Baseline gene signature scores measuring cell proliferation, growth factor signalling (ERBB2-GS, RET/GDNF-GS, and IGF-1-GS), and immune activity (STAT1-GS) were significantly higher in poor AI responders. Two weeks of AI caused downregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation and ER signalling, as expected. Signature scores of E2F activation and TP53 dysfunction after 2-week AI were associated with poor AI response in both HER2− and HER2+ patients. Conclusions There is a high degree of heterogeneity in adaptive mechanisms after as little as 2-week AI therapy; however, all appear to converge on cell cycle regulation. Our data support the evaluation of whether an E2F signatures after short-term exposure to AI may identify those patients most likely to benefit from the early addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN63882543, registered on 18 December 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Gao
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, ICR, London, UK
| | - Elena López-Knowles
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, ICR, London, UK.,Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maggie Chon U Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - James Morden
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Kally Sidhu
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Evans
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vera Martins
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew Dodson
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anthony Skene
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Castle Lane East, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Chris Holcombe
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, 200 London Road, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Judith M Bliss
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Ian Smith
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Mitch Dowsett
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, ICR, London, UK. .,Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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14
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Pare R, Soon PS, Shah A, Lee CS. Differential expression of senescence tumour markers and its implications on survival outcomes of breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214604. [PMID: 30998679 PMCID: PMC6472879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease displaying different histopathological characteristics, molecular profiling and clinical behavior. This study describes the expression patterns of senescence markers P53, DEC1 and DCR2 and assesses their significance on patient survival as a single or combined marker with P16 or P14 using breast cancer progression series. One thousand and eighty (1080) patients with primary invasive ductal carcinoma, no special type, were recruited through an 11-year retrospective study period. We constructed tissue microarrays of normal, benign hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma from each patient and performed immunohistochemical staining to study the protein expression. Statistical analysis includes Pearson chi-square, Kaplan-Meier log ran test and Cox proportional hazard regression were undertaken to determine the associations and predict the survival outcomes. P53, DEC1 and DCR2 expression correlated significantly with normal, benign, premalignant and malignant tissues with (p<0.05). The expression profile of these genes increases from normal to benign to premalignant and plateaued from premalignant to malignant phenotype. There is a significant association between P53 protein expression and age, grade, staging, lymphovascular invasion, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 whereas DCR2 protein expression significantly correlated with tumour grade, hormone receptors status and HER2 (p<0.05 respectively). P53 overexpression correlated with increased risk of relapse (p = 0.002) specifically in patients who did not receive hormone therapy (p = 0.005) or chemotherapy (p<0.0001). The combination of P53+/P16+ is significantly correlated with poor overall and disease-free survival, whereas a combination of P53+/P14+ is associated with worse outcome in disease-free survival (p<0.05 respectively). P53 overexpression appears to be a univariate predictor of poor disease-free survival. The expression profiles of DEC1 and DCR2 do not appear to correlate with patient survival outcomes. The combination of P53 with P16, rather P53 expression alone, appears to provide more useful clinical information on patient survival outcomes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmawati Pare
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- * E-mail: (RP); (CSL)
| | - Patsy S. Soon
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- Breast Surgery Unit, Bankstown Hospital, Bankstown, NSW Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW Australia
| | - Aashit Shah
- Breast Surgery Unit, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
- * E-mail: (RP); (CSL)
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15
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Jia Y, Xiao Z, Gongsun X, Xin Z, Shang B, Chen G, Wang Z, Jiang W. CEP55 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4221-4232. [PMID: 30050313 PMCID: PMC6055835 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s168861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) is an important prognostic biomarker that plays an essential role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of multiple tumors. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of CEP55 in pN0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and explore its biological function in ESCC cells. Methods We used immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis to detect the expression of CEP55 in ESCC. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo assays were used to determine the effect of CEP55 on malignant behavior in ESCC cells. Results As expected, we found that CEP55 was overexpressed in ESCC. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that patients with CEP55 overexpression had a poor prognosis. Additionally, the abilities of proliferation, migration and invasion of cells, as well as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers, were all altered with the changed CEP55 expression levels in ESCC cells. Further study elucidated that CEP55 facilitated ESCC via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Blockade of this pathway markedly attenuated CEP55-mediated proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of ESCC cells. Conclusion Oncogenic CEP55 correlates with a poor prognosis by regulating tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion via the PI3K/Akt pathway. It can serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of pN0 ESCC after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China,
| | - Zhaohua Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China,
| | - Xin Gongsun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China,
| | - Zhongwei Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China,
| | - Bin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China,
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China,
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China,
| | - Wenpeng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China,
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16
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de Cremoux P, Biard L, Poirot B, Bertheau P, Teixeira L, Lehmann-Che J, Bouhidel FA, Merlet P, Espié M, Resche-Rigon M, Sotiriou C, Groheux D. 18FDG-PET/CT and molecular markers to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and outcome in HER2-negative advanced luminal breast cancers patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16343-16353. [PMID: 29662649 PMCID: PMC5893244 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens in advanced luminal breast cancer patients is difficult to predict. Intrinsic properties of breast tumors, including altered gene expression profile and dynamic evaluation of metabolic properties of tumor cells using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) of tumor cells, have been identified to guide patient's prognosis. The aim of this study is to determine if both analyses may improve the prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in ER-positive / HER2-negative breast cancers (BCs) patients. Methods We used metabolic PET parameters, at diagnosis and after two cycles of chemotherapy and proliferation gene expression profile on biopsy at diagnosis, in particular, the genomic grade index (GGI) analyzed by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The pathological response was the surrogate endpoint. Results The change of FDG uptake between baseline PET and interim PET after 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (ΔSUVmax) was highly associated with pCR (p=0.008). We also observed an ability of P53 mutated status (p=0.042), in addition to histological grade (p=0. 0004), and PR expression (p=0.01) to predict pCR in ER-positive BCs, whereas no proliferation marker predicted pCR (P=0.39 for GGI). Finally, only ΔSUVmax was significantly associated with event free survival (p=0.047). Conclusions Our results confirm the predictive and prognostic value of tumor ΔSUVmax in ER-positive /HER2-negative advanced BCs patients. These findings can be helpful to select high-risk patients within trials investigating novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de Cremoux
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM/CNRS UMR944/7212, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Biard
- Department of Biostatistics, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1153 ECSTRA team, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Poirot
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bertheau
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S-1165, Paris, France
| | - Luis Teixeira
- University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM/CNRS UMR944/7212, Paris, France.,Breast Diseases Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Lehmann-Che
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM/CNRS UMR944/7212, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascal Merlet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marc Espié
- University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM/CNRS UMR944/7212, Paris, France.,Breast Diseases Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Resche-Rigon
- Department of Biostatistics, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1153 ECSTRA team, Paris, France
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Groheux
- University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM/CNRS UMR944/7212, Paris, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
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17
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An integrative bioinformatics approach reveals coding and non-coding gene variants associated with gene expression profiles and outcome in breast cancer molecular subtypes. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1107-1114. [PMID: 29559730 PMCID: PMC5931099 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sequence variations in coding and non-coding regions of the genome can affect gene expression and signalling pathways, which in turn may influence disease outcome. Methods In this study, we integrated somatic mutations, gene expression and clinical data from 930 breast cancer patients included in the TCGA database. Genes associated with single mutations in molecular breast cancer subtypes were identified by the Mann-Whitney U-test and their prognostic value was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results were confirmed using gene expression profiles from the Metabric data set (n = 1988) and whole-genome sequencing data from the TCGA cohort (n = 117). Results The overall mutation rate in coding and non-coding regions were significantly higher in ER-negative/HER2-negative tumours (P = 2.8E–03 and P = 2.4E–07, respectively). Recurrent sequence variations were identified in non-coding regulatory regions of several cancer-associated genes, including NBPF1, PIK3CA and TP53. After multivariate regression analysis, gene signatures associated with three coding mutations (CDH1, MAP3K1 and TP53) and two non-coding variants (CRTC3 and STAG2) in cancer-related genes predicted prognosis in ER-positive/HER2-negative tumours. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that sequence alterations influence gene expression and oncogenic pathways, possibly affecting the outcome of breast cancer patients. Our data provide potential opportunities to identify non-coding variations with functional and clinical relevance in breast cancer.
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18
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Gao P, Seebacher NA, Hornicek F, Guo Z, Duan Z. Advances in sarcoma gene mutations and therapeutic targets. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 62:98-109. [PMID: 29190505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare and complex malignancies that have been associated with a poor prognostic outcome. Over the last few decades, traditional treatment with surgery and/or chemotherapy has not significantly improved outcomes for most types of sarcomas. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the understanding of specific gene mutations that are important in driving the pathogenesis and progression of sarcomas. Identification of these new gene mutations, using next-generation sequencing and advanced molecular techniques, has revealed a range of potential therapeutic targets. This, in turn, may lead to the development of novel agents targeted to different sarcoma subtypes. In this review, we highlight the advances made in identifying sarcoma gene mutations, including those of p53, RB, PI3K and IDH genes, as well as novel therapeutic strategies aimed at utilizing these mutant genes. In addition, we discuss a number of preclinical studies and ongoing early clinical trials in sarcoma targeting therapies, as well as gene editing technology, which may provide a better choice for sarcoma patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, 615 Charles E Young Dr. South, Biomedical Sciences Research Building, Room 410, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicole A Seebacher
- UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, 615 Charles E Young Dr. South, Biomedical Sciences Research Building, Room 410, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Francis Hornicek
- UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, 615 Charles E Young Dr. South, Biomedical Sciences Research Building, Room 410, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, 615 Charles E Young Dr. South, Biomedical Sciences Research Building, Room 410, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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19
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Wimmer K, Strobl S, Bolliger M, Devyatko Y, Korkmaz B, Exner R, Fitzal F, Gnant M. Optimal duration of adjuvant endocrine therapy: how to apply the newest data. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:679-692. [PMID: 29344105 PMCID: PMC5764154 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017732966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The benefit of 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) is beyond discussion. Nevertheless, the risk of recurrence of luminal BC persists for 15 years or more after diagnosis. Consequently, approaches of extended adjuvant therapy have been investigated in large clinical trials, with the ultimate aim of further reducing the risk of recurrence in patients with HR+ BC. Methods: A review of recently published trial data is presented to provide a solid basis for discussion. A discussion of the side effects of long-term endocrine treatment, multigenetic tests aiming to identify patients at particular risk, and an outlook for further promising targets are additional aims of this review. Conclusion: Extended adjuvant therapy seems beneficial in reducing distant relapse and contralateral BC for a selected group of patients with HR+ BC, particularly if aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used after initial tamoxifen therapy. However, patients with lower risk of recurrence and initial AI therapy may suffer more from side effects than benefit from extended therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wimmer
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Strobl
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bolliger
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yelena Devyatko
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Belgin Korkmaz
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Exner
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Fitzal
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gnant
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Wang X, Simpson ER, Brown KA. p53: Protection against Tumor Growth beyond Effects on Cell Cycle and Apoptosis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5001-7. [PMID: 26573797 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 has established functions in cancer. Specifically, it has been shown to cause cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. It is also one of the most commonly mutated or silenced genes in cancer and for this reason has been extensively studied. Recently, the role of p53 has been shown to go beyond its effects on cell cycle and apoptosis, with effects on metabolism emerging as a key contributor to cancer growth in situations where p53 is lost. Beyond this, the role of p53 in the tumor microenvironment is poorly understood. The publication by Wang and colleagues demonstrates for the first time that p53 is a key negative regulator of aromatase and, hence, estrogen production in the breast tumor microenvironment. It goes further by demonstrating that an important regulator of aromatase, the obesity-associated and tumor-derived factor prostaglandin E2, inhibits p53 in the breast adipose stroma. This review presents these findings in the context of established and emerging roles of p53 and discusses possible implications for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Wang
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Centres for Cancer Research and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evan R Simpson
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Centres for Cancer Research and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Centres for Cancer Research and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Lee SK, Bae SY, Lee JH, Lee HC, Yi H, Kil WH, Lee JE, Kim SW, Nam SJ. Distinguishing Low-Risk Luminal A Breast Cancer Subtypes with Ki-67 and p53 Is More Predictive of Long-Term Survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124658. [PMID: 26241661 PMCID: PMC4524613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of p53 is the most frequent genetic alteration in breast cancer. Recently, many studies have shown that the expression of mutant p53 differs for each subtype of breast cancer and is associated with different prognoses. In this study, we aimed to determine the suitable cut-off value to predict the clinical outcome of p53 overexpression and its usefulness as a prognostic factor in each subtype of breast cancer, especially in luminal A breast cancer. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Samsung Medical Center. We analyzed a total of 7,739 patients who were surgically treated for invasive breast cancer at Samsung Medical Center between Dec 1995 and Apr 2013. Luminal A subtype was defined as ER&PR + and HER2- and was further subclassified according to Ki-67 and p53 expression as follows: luminal A (Ki-67-,p53-), luminal A (Ki-67+, p53-), luminal A (Ki-67 -, p53+) and luminal A (Ki-67+, p53+). Low-risk luminal A subtype was defined as negative for both Ki-67 and p53 (luminal A [ki-67-, p53-]), and others subtypes were considered to be high-risk luminal A breast cancer. A cut-off value of 10% for p53 was a good predictor of clinical outcome in all patients and luminal A breast cancer patients. The prognostic role of p53 overexpression for OS and DFS was only significant in luminal A subtype. The combination of p53 and Ki-67 has been shown to have the best predictive power as calculated by the area under curve (AUC), especially for long-term overall survival. In this study, we have shown that overexpression of p53 and Ki-67 could be used to discriminate low-risk luminal A subtype in breast cancer. Therefore, using the combination of p53 and Ki-67 expression in discriminating low-risk luminal A breast cancer may improve the prognostic power and provide the greatest clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Kyung Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Bae
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hawoo Yi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kil
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Coradini D, Biganzoli E, Ardoino I, Ambrogi F, Boracchi P, Demicheli R, Daidone MG, Moliterni A. p53 status identifies triple-negative breast cancer patients who do not respond to adjuvant chemotherapy. Breast 2015; 24:294-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Jeffery J, Sinha D, Srihari S, Kalimutho M, Khanna KK. Beyond cytokinesis: the emerging roles of CEP55 in tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2015; 35:683-90. [PMID: 25915844 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CEP55 was initially identified as a pivotal component of abscission, the final stage of cytokinesis, serving to regulate the physical separation of two daughter cells. Over the past 10 years, several studies have illuminated additional roles for CEP55 including regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and midbody fate. Concurrently, CEP55 has been studied in the context of cancers including those of the breast, lung, colon and liver. CEP55 overexpression has been found to significantly correlate with tumor stage, aggressiveness, metastasis and poor prognosis across multiple tumor types and therefore has been included as part of several prognostic 'gene signatures' for cancer. Here by discussing in depth the functions of CEP55 across different effector pathways, and also its roles as a biomarker and driver of tumorigenesis, we assemble an exhaustive review, thus commemorating a decade of research on CEP55.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jeffery
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D Sinha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Srihari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Kalimutho
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - K K Khanna
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bouchalova P, Nenutil R, Muller P, Hrstka R, Appleyard MV, Murray K, Jordan LB, Purdie CA, Quinlan P, Thompson AM, Vojtesek B, Coates PJ. Mutant p53 accumulation in human breast cancer is not an intrinsic property or dependent on structural or functional disruption but is regulated by exogenous stress and receptor status. J Pathol 2014; 233:238-46. [PMID: 24687952 DOI: 10.1002/path.4356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many human cancers contain missense TP53 mutations that result in p53 protein accumulation. Although generally considered as a single class of mutations that abrogate wild-type function, individual TP53 mutations may have specific properties and prognostic effects. Tumours that contain missense TP53 mutations show variable p53 stabilization patterns, which may reflect the specific mutation and/or aspects of tumour biology. We used immunohistochemistry on cell lines and human breast cancers with known TP53 missense mutations and assessed the effects of each mutation with four structure-function prediction methods. Cell lines with missense TP53 mutations show variable percentages of cells with p53 stabilization under normal growth conditions, ranging from approximately 50% to almost 100%. Stabilization is not related to structural or functional disruption, but agents that stabilize wild-type p53 increase the percentages of cells showing missense mutant p53 accumulation in cell lines with heterogeneous stabilization. The same heterogeneity of p53 stabilization occurs in primary breast cancers, independent of the effect of the mutation on structural properties or functional disruption. Heterogeneous accumulation is more common in steroid receptor-positive or HER2-positive breast cancers and cell lines than in triple-negative samples. Immunohistochemcal staining patterns associate with Mdm2 levels, proliferation, grade and overall survival, whilst the type of mutation reflects downstream target activity. Inhibiting Mdm2 activity increases the extent of p53 stabilization in some, but not all, breast cancer cell lines. The data indicate that missense mutant p53 stabilization is a complex and variable process in human breast cancers that associates with disease characteristics but is unrelated to structural or functional properties. That agents which stabilize wild-type p53 also stabilize mutant p53 has implications for patients with heterogeneous mutant p53 accumulation, where therapy may activate mutant p53 oncogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Bouchalova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Rieber M, Strasberg-Rieber M. p53 inactivation decreases dependence on estrogen/ERK signalling for proliferation but promotes EMT and susceptility to 3-bromopyruvate in ERα+ breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:169-77. [PMID: 24486524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most breast cancers express the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα(+)), harbor wt TP53, depend on estrogen/ERK signalling for proliferation, and respond to anti-estrogens. However, concomittant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/MEK pathway promotes resistance by decreasing estrogen dependence. Previously, we showed that retroviral transduction of mutant p53 R175H into wt TP53 ERα(+) MCF-7 cells induces epidermal growth factor (EGF)-independent proliferation, activation of the EGF receptor (p-EGFR) and some characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). PURPOSE To investigate whether p53 inactivation augments ERα(+) cell proliferation in response to restrictive estradiol, chemical MEK inhibition or metabolic inhibitors. RESULTS Introduction of mutant p53 R175H lowered expression of p53-dependent PUMA and p21WAF1, decreased E-cadherin and cytokeratin 18 associated with EMT, but increased the % of proliferating ERα(+)/Ki67 cells, diminishing estrogen dependence. These cells also exhibited higher proliferation in the presence of MEK-inhibitor UO126, reciprocally correlating with preferential susceptibility to the pyruvate analog 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) without a comparable response to 2-deoxyglucose. p53 siRNA silencing by electroporation in wt TP53 MCF-7 cells also decreased estrogen dependence and response to MEK inhibition, while also conferring susceptibility to 3-BrPA. CONCLUSIONS (a) ERα(+) breast cancer cells dysfunctional for TP53 which proliferate irrespective of low estrogen and chemical MEK inhibition are likely to increase metabolic consumption becoming increasingly susceptible to 3-BrPA; (b) targeting the pyruvate pathway may improve response to endocrine therapy in ERα(+) breast cancer with p53 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rieber
- IVIC, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Microbiology & Cell Biology Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020 A, Venezuela.
| | - Mary Strasberg-Rieber
- IVIC, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Microbiology & Cell Biology Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020 A, Venezuela.
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TP53 mutation-correlated genes predict the risk of tumor relapse and identify MPS1 as a potential therapeutic kinase in TP53-mutated breast cancers. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:508-19. [PMID: 24462521 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers (BC) carry a complex set of gene mutations that can influence their gene expression and clinical behavior. We aimed to identify genes driven by the TP53 mutation status and assess their clinical relevance in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative BC, and their potential as targets for patients with TP53 mutated tumors. Separate ROC analyses of each gene expression according to TP53 mutation status were performed. The prognostic value of genes with the highest AUC were assessed in a large dataset of untreated, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy treated patients. The mitotic checkpoint gene MPS1 was the most significant gene correlated with TP53 status, and the most significant prognostic marker in all ER-positive BC datasets. MPS1 retained its prognostic value independently from the type of treatment administered. The biological functions of MPS1 were investigated in different BC cell lines. We also assessed the effects of a potent small molecule inhibitor of MPS1, SP600125, alone and in combination with chemotherapy. Consistent with the gene expression profiling and siRNA assays, the inhibition of MPS1 by SP600125 led to a reduction in cell viability and a significant increase in cell death, selectively in TP53-mutated BC cells. Furthermore, the chemical inhibition of MPS1 sensitized BC cells to conventional chemotherapy, particularly taxanes. Our results collectively demonstrate that TP53-correlated kinase MPS1, is a potential therapeutic target in BC patients with TP53 mutated tumors, and that SP600125 warrant further development in future clinical trials.
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Avery-Kiejda KA, Morten B, Wong-Brown MW, Mathe A, Scott RJ. The relative mRNA expression of p53 isoforms in breast cancer is associated with clinical features and outcome. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:586-96. [PMID: 24336193 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of p53 is a common feature of cancer. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy that develops in women; however, somatic mutation of p53 is rare, suggesting that p53 becomes inactivated by other mechanisms. p53 is expressed as smaller isoforms, some of which inhibit wild-type p53. There are no studies that have examined the relative expression of all isoforms in this disease. We have analysed the relative messenger RNA expression of the p53 isoforms, Δ40, Δ133, β and γ in a panel of 6 breast cancer cell lines, 148 breast cancers specimens and 31 matched normal adjacent tissues by semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and analysed their relationship to clinical features and outcome. We have identified several important clinical associations, particularly with Δ40p53, which was expressed at levels that were ~50-fold higher than the least expressed isoform p53γ. Δ40p53 was significantly upregulated in tumour tissue when compared with the normal breast and was significantly associated with an aggressive breast cancer subtype-triple negative. Additionally, p53β expression was significantly negatively associated with tumour size and positively associated with disease-free survival, where high levels of p53β were protective, particularly in patients with a mutation in p53, suggesting p53β may counteract the damage inflicted by mutant p53. In conclusion, the relative expression of p53 isoforms is related to clinical features of breast cancer and outcome. These results have implications for the stratification of breast cancer based on p53 function and may provide an alternate explanation for deregulated p53 signalling in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Bertheau P, Lehmann-Che J, Varna M, Dumay A, Poirot B, Porcher R, Turpin E, Plassa LF, de Roquancourt A, Bourstyn E, de Cremoux P, Janin A, Giacchetti S, Espié M, de Thé H. p53 in breast cancer subtypes and new insights into response to chemotherapy. Breast 2013; 22 Suppl 2:S27-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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29
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Diamond JR, Elias AD. Development of targeted therapies for triple-negative breast cancer: can we harness tumor heterogeneity to improve patient outcomes? BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt.13.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Diamond
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mailstop 8117, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anthony D Elias
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mailstop 8117, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Turner N, Moretti E, Siclari O, Migliaccio I, Santarpia L, D'Incalci M, Piccolo S, Veronesi A, Zambelli A, Del Sal G, Di Leo A. Targeting triple negative breast cancer: is p53 the answer? Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 39:541-50. [PMID: 23321033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers, which are defined by lack of expression of estrogen, progesterone, or HER2 receptors, represent approximately 15% of all breast cancers, although they account for a much higher proportional of breast cancer mortality. This is due both to their innate aggressive biological characteristics, but also to lack of effective therapies. Conventional chemotherapy is currently the only treatment option, thus there is a critical need to find new and effective targeted therapies in this disease. While investigation of agents such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and EGFR inhibitors continues, results from recent clinical trials indicate that these therapies are not as active in sporadic triple negative breast cancers as initially hoped. It is important therefore to consider other emerging therapeutic agents. Mutation in p53 is found in the vast majority of triple negative breast cancers, and as such is a target of particular interest. Within this review, several agents with potential activity against aberrant p53 signaling have been considered, as a novel approach to finding an effective targeted therapy for this aggressive breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Turner
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
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Synergistic role between p53 and JWA: prognostic and predictive biomarkers in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52348. [PMID: 23285001 PMCID: PMC3528747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of p53 appears to be correlated to prognosis in patients with malignancy, but its role in gastric carcinoma has remained controversial. Recently we reported that JWA, an ADP-ribosylation-like factor 6 interacting protein 5 (ARL6ip5), was both prognostic for overall survival and predictive for platinum-based treatment of gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate p53 expression as a prognostic and predictive marker in resectable gastric cancer, alone and in combination with JWA. Expression of p53 was examined in three large patient cohorts (total n = 1155) of gastric cancer. High expression of p53 was significantly correlated with unfavorable clinicopathologic parameters and decreased overall patient survival. Furthermore, patients with high p53 expression in tumors acquired remarkable survival benefit from adjuvant first-line platinum-based-chemotherapy. The synergy between p53 and JWA in predicting patient outcome was demonstrated, while no significantly elevated predictive value concerning chemotherapy was observed. Thus, p53 expression is a potent prognostic and predictive factor for resectable gastric cancer with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. A combined effect of p53 with JWA as efficient prognostic indicators was found for the first time.
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Shen K, Song N, Kim Y, Tian C, Rice SD, Gabrin MJ, Symmans WF, Pusztai L, Lee JK. A systematic evaluation of multi-gene predictors for the pathological response of breast cancer patients to chemotherapy. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185353 PMCID: PMC3504014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported conflicting assessments of the ability of cell line-derived multi-gene predictors (MGPs) to forecast patient clinical outcomes in cancer patients, thereby warranting an investigation into their suitability for this task. Here, 42 breast cancer cell lines were evaluated by chemoresponse tests after treatment with either TFAC or FEC, two widely used standard combination chemotherapies for breast cancer. We used two different training cell line sets and two independent prediction methods, superPC and COXEN, to develop cell line-based MGPs, which were then validated in five patient cohorts treated with these chemotherapies. This evaluation yielded high prediction performances by these MGPs, regardless of the training set, chemotherapy, or prediction method. The MGPs were also able to predict patient clinical outcomes for the subgroup of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients, which has proven difficult in the past. These results demonstrated a potential of using an in vitro-based chemoresponse data as a model system in creating MGPs for stratifying patients’ therapeutic responses. Clinical utility and applications of these MGPs will need to be carefully examined with relevant clinical outcome measurements and constraints in practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Shen
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nan Song
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Chunqiao Tian
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shara D. Rice
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Gabrin
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - W. Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Division of Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jae K. Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Diamond JR, Eckhardt SG, Tan AC, Newton TP, Selby HM, Brunkow KL, Kachaeva MI, Varella-Garcia M, Pitts TM, Bray MR, Fletcher GC, Tentler JJ. Predictive biomarkers of sensitivity to the aurora and angiogenic kinase inhibitor ENMD-2076 in preclinical breast cancer models. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:291-303. [PMID: 23136197 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Aurora kinases are a family of conserved serine-threonine kinases with key roles in mitotic cell division. As with other promising anticancer targets, patient selection strategies to identify a responsive subtype will likely be required for successful clinical development of Aurora kinase inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of the Aurora and angiogenic kinase inhibitor ENMD-2076 against preclinical models of breast cancer with identification of candidate predictive biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-nine breast cancer cell lines were exposed to ENMD-2076 and the effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell-cycle distribution were evaluated. In vitro activity was confirmed in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer xenografts. Systematic gene expression analysis was used to identify up- and downregulated pathways in the sensitive and resistant cell lines, including within the triple-negative breast cancer subset. RESULTS ENMD-2076 showed antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell lines, with more robust activity against cell lines lacking estrogen receptor expression and those without increased HER2 expression. Within the triple-negative breast cancer subset, cell lines with a p53 mutation and increased p53 expression were more sensitive to the cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of ENMD-2076 exposure than cell lines with decreased p53 expression. CONCLUSIONS ENMD-2076 exhibited robust anticancer activity against models of triple-negative breast cancer and the candidate predictive biomarkers identified in this study may be useful in selecting patients for Aurora kinase inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Diamond
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Coates AS, Millar EKA, O'Toole SA, Molloy TJ, Viale G, Goldhirsch A, Regan MM, Gelber RD, Sun Z, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Gusterson B, Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL. Prognostic interaction between expression of p53 and estrogen receptor in patients with node-negative breast cancer: results from IBCSG Trials VIII and IX. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R143. [PMID: 23127292 PMCID: PMC4053129 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognostic significance of p53 protein expression in early breast cancer remains uncertain, with some but not all studies finding an association with poorer outcomes. Estrogen receptor (ER) expression is both a positive prognostic marker and predictive of response to endocrine therapies. The relationship between these biomarkers is unknown. METHODS We constructed tissue microarrays (TMAs) from available pathological material from 1113 patients participating in two randomized clinical trials comparing endocrine therapy alone versus chemo-endocrine therapy in node-negative breast cancer. Expression of p53 defined as >10% positive nuclei was analyzed together with prior immunohistochemical assays of ER performed at central pathological review of whole tumor sections. RESULTS ER was present (i.e. >1% positive tumor cell nuclei) in 80.1% (880/1092). p53 expression was significantly more frequent when ER was absent, 125/212 (59%) than when ER was present, 171/880 (19%), p <0.0001. A significant qualitative interaction was observed such that p53 expression was associated with better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients whose tumors did not express ER, but worse DFS and OS among patients whose tumors expressed ER. The interaction remained significant after allowance for pathologic variables, and treatment. Similar effects were seen when luminal and non-luminal intrinsic subtypes were compared. CONCLUSIONS Interpretation of the prognostic significance of p53 expression requires knowledge of concurrent expression of ER. The reason for the interaction between p53 and ER is unknown but may reflect qualitatively different p53 mutations underlying the p53 expression in tumors with or without ER expression. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ACTRN12607000037404 (Trial VIII) and ACTRN12607000029493 (Trial IX).
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Dumay A, Feugeas JP, Wittmer E, Lehmann-Che J, Bertheau P, Espié M, Plassa LF, Cottu P, Marty M, André F, Sotiriou C, Pusztai L, de Thé H. Distinct tumor protein p53 mutants in breast cancer subgroups. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1227-31. [PMID: 22886769 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is mutated in approximately 30% of breast cancers, but this frequency fluctuates widely between subclasses. We investigated the p53 mutation status in 572 breast tumors, classified into luminal, basal and molecular apocrine subgroups. As expected, the lowest mutation frequency was observed in luminal (26%), and the highest in basal (88%) tumors. Luminal tumors showed significantly higher frequency of substitutions (82 vs. 65%), notably A/T to G/C transitions (31 vs. 15%), whereas molecular apocrine and basal tumors presented much higher frequencies of complex mutations (deletions/insertions) (36 and 33%, respectively, vs. 18%). Accordingly, missense mutations were significantly more frequent in luminal tumors (75 vs. 54%), whereas basal tumors displayed significantly increased rates of TP53 truncations (43 vs. 25%), resulting in loss of function and/or expression. Interestingly, as basal tumors, molecular apocrine tumors presented with a high rate of complex mutations, but paradoxically, these were not associated with increased frequency of p53 truncation. As in luminal tumors, this could reflect a selective pressure for p53 gain of function, possibly through P63/P73 inactivation. Collectively, these observations point not only to different mechanisms of TP53 alterations, but also to different functional consequences in the different breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Dumay
- Département de Biochimie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, CNRS UMR7212/INSERM U944/University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Dueñas M, Santos M, Aranda JF, Bielza C, Martínez-Cruz AB, Lorz C, Taron M, Ciruelos EM, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Martín M, Larrañaga P, Dahabreh J, Stathopoulos GP, Rosell R, Paramio JM, García-Escudero R. Mouse p53-deficient cancer models as platforms for obtaining genomic predictors of human cancer clinical outcomes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42494. [PMID: 22880004 PMCID: PMC3413665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the TP53 gene are very common in human cancers, and are associated with poor clinical outcome. Transgenic mouse models lacking the Trp53 gene or that express mutant Trp53 transgenes produce tumours with malignant features in many organs. We previously showed the transcriptome of a p53-deficient mouse skin carcinoma model to be similar to those of human cancers with TP53 mutations and associated with poor clinical outcomes. This report shows that much of the 682-gene signature of this murine skin carcinoma transcriptome is also present in breast and lung cancer mouse models in which p53 is inhibited. Further, we report validated gene-expression-based tests for predicting the clinical outcome of human breast and lung adenocarcinoma. It was found that human patients with cancer could be stratified based on the similarity of their transcriptome with the mouse skin carcinoma 682-gene signature. The results also provide new targets for the treatment of p53-defective tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Concha Bielza
- Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Taron
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva M. Ciruelos
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Rodríguez-Peralto
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Martín
- Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Larrañaga
- Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (RG-E); (JMP)
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The gene expression landscape of breast cancer is shaped by tumor protein p53 status and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R113. [PMID: 22839103 PMCID: PMC3680939 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gene expression data derived from clinical cancer specimens provide an opportunity to characterize cancer-specific transcriptional programs. Here, we present an analysis delineating a correlation-based gene expression landscape of breast cancer that identifies modules with strong associations to breast cancer-specific and general tumor biology. Methods Modules of highly connected genes were extracted from a gene co-expression network that was constructed based on Pearson correlation, and module activities were then calculated using a pathway activity score. Functional annotations of modules were experimentally validated with an siRNA cell spot microarray system using the KPL-4 breast cancer cell line, and by using gene expression data from functional studies. Modules were derived using gene expression data representing 1,608 breast cancer samples and validated in data sets representing 971 independent breast cancer samples as well as 1,231 samples from other cancer forms. Results The initial co-expression network analysis resulted in the characterization of eight tightly regulated gene modules. Cell cycle genes were divided into two transcriptional programs, and experimental validation using an siRNA screen showed different functional roles for these programs during proliferation. The division of the two programs was found to act as a marker for tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene status in luminal breast cancer, with the two programs being separated only in luminal tumors with functional p53 (encoded by TP53). Moreover, a module containing fibroblast and stroma-related genes was highly expressed in fibroblasts, but was also up-regulated by overexpression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and Snail in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. Strikingly, the stroma transcriptional program related to less malignant tumors for luminal disease and aggressive lymph node positive disease among basal-like tumors. Conclusions We have derived a robust gene expression landscape of breast cancer that reflects known subtypes as well as heterogeneity within these subtypes. By applying the modules to TP53-mutated samples we shed light on the biological consequences of non-functional p53 in otherwise low-proliferating luminal breast cancer. Furthermore, as in the case of the stroma module, we show that the biological and clinical interpretation of a set of co-regulated genes is subtype-dependent.
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Lachenmayer A, Alsinet C, Savic R, Cabellos L, Toffanin S, Hoshida Y, Villanueva A, Minguez B, Newell P, Tsai HW, Barretina J, Thung S, Ward SC, Bruix J, Mazzaferro V, Schwartz M, Friedman SL, Llovet JM. Wnt-pathway activation in two molecular classes of hepatocellular carcinoma and experimental modulation by sorafenib. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4997-5007. [PMID: 22811581 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous cancer with active Wnt signaling. Underlying biologic mechanisms remain unclear and no drug targeting this pathway has been approved to date. We aimed to characterize Wnt-pathway aberrations in HCC patients, and to investigate sorafenib as a potential Wnt modulator in experimental models of liver cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The Wnt-pathway was assessed using mRNA (642 HCCs and 21 liver cancer cell lines) and miRNA expression data (89 HCCs), immunohistochemistry (108 HCCs), and CTNNB1-mutation data (91 HCCs). Effects of sorafenib on Wnt signaling were evaluated in four liver cancer cell lines with active Wnt signaling and a tumor xenograft model. RESULTS Evidence for Wnt activation was observed for 315 (49.1%) cases, and was further classified as CTNNB1 class (138 cases [21.5%]) or Wnt-TGFβ class (177 cases [27.6%]). CTNNB1 class was characterized by upregulation of liver-specific Wnt-targets, nuclear β-catenin and glutamine-synthetase immunostaining, and enrichment of CTNNB1-mutation-signature, whereas Wnt-TGFβ class was characterized by dysregulation of classical Wnt-targets and the absence of nuclear β-catenin. Sorafenib decreased Wnt signaling and β-catenin protein in HepG2 (CTNNB1 class), SNU387 (Wnt-TGFβ class), SNU398 (CTNNB1-mutation), and Huh7 (lithium-chloride-pathway activation) cell lines. In addition, sorafenib attenuated expression of liver-related Wnt-targets GLUL, LGR5, and TBX3. The suppressive effect on CTNNB1 class-specific Wnt-pathway activation was validated in vivo using HepG2 xenografts in nude mice, accompanied by decreased tumor volume and increased survival of treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Distinct dysregulation of Wnt-pathway constituents characterize two different Wnt-related molecular classes (CTNNB1 and Wnt-TGFβ), accounting for half of all HCC patients. Sorafenib modulates β-catenin/Wnt signaling in experimental models that harbor the CTNNB1 class signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lachenmayer
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Yi BR, Choi KJ, Kim SU, Choi KC. Therapeutic potential of stem cells expressing suicide genes that selectively target human breast cancer cells: evidence that they exert tumoricidal effects via tumor tropism (review). Int J Oncol 2012; 41:798-804. [PMID: 22736197 PMCID: PMC3582792 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide and is classified into ductal and lobular carcinoma. Breast cancer as well as lobular carcinoma is associated with various risk factors such as gender, age, female hormone exposure, ethnicity, family history and genetic risk factor-associated genes. Genes associated with a high risk of developing breast cancer include BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, PTEN, CHEK2 and ATM. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy are used to treat breast cancer but these therapies, except for surgery, have many side-effects such as alopecia, anesthesia, diarrhea and arthralgia. Gene-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy (GEPT) or suicide gene therapy, may improve the therapeutic efficacy of conventional cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy without side-effects. GEPT most often involves the use of a viral vector to deliver a gene not found in mammalian cells and that produces enzymes which can convert a relatively non-toxic prodrug into a toxic agent. Examples of these systems include cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC), carboxyl esterase/irinotecan (CE/CPT-11), and thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (TK/GCV). Recently, therapies based on genetically engineered stem cells (GESTECs) using a GEPT system have received a great deal of attention for their clinical and therapeutic potential to treat breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the potential of GESTECs via tumor tropism effects and therapeutic efficacy against several different types of cancer cells. GESTECs represent a useful tool for treating breast cancer without inducing injuries associated with conventional therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rim Yi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Fernández-Cuesta L, Oakman C, Falagan-Lotsch P, Smoth KS, Quinaux E, Buyse M, Dolci MS, Azambuja ED, Hainaut P, Dell'Orto P, Larsimont D, Francis PA, Crown J, Piccart-Gebhart M, Viale G, Leo AD, Olivier M. Prognostic and predictive value of TP53 mutations in node-positive breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline- or anthracycline/taxane-based adjuvant therapy: results from the BIG 02-98 phase III trial. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R70. [PMID: 22551440 PMCID: PMC3446332 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-clinical data suggest p53-dependent anthracycline-induced apoptosis and p53-independent taxane activity. However, dedicated clinical research has not defined a predictive role for TP53 gene mutations. The aim of the current study was to retrospectively explore the prognosis and predictive values of TP53 somatic mutations in the BIG 02-98 randomized phase III trial in which women with node-positive breast cancer were treated with adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy with or without docetaxel. METHODS The prognostic and predictive values of TP53 were analyzed in tumor samples by gene sequencing within exons 5 to 8. Patients were classified according to p53 protein status predicted from TP53 gene sequence, as wild-type (no TP53 variation or TP53 variations which are predicted not to modify p53 protein sequence) or mutant (p53 nonsynonymous mutations). Mutations were subcategorized according to missense or truncating mutations. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox-regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of outcome. RESULTS TP53 gene status was determined for 18% (520 of 2887) of the women enrolled in BIG 02-98. TP53 gene variations were found in 17% (90 of 520). Nonsynonymous p53 mutations, found in 16.3% (85 of 520), were associated with older age, ductal morphology, higher grade and hormone-receptor negativity. Of the nonsynonymous mutations, 12.3% (64 of 520) were missense and 3.6% were truncating (19 of 520). Only truncating mutations showed significant independent prognostic value, with an increased recurrence risk compared to patients with non-modified p53 protein (hazard ratio = 3.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.740 to 5.935, P = 0.0002). p53 status had no significant predictive value for response to docetaxel. CONCLUSIONS p53 truncating mutations were uncommon but associated with poor prognosis. No significant predictive role for p53 status was detected. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00174655.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Fernández-Cuesta
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | - Catherine Oakman
- 'Sandro Pitigliani' Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Piazza dell'Ospedale 2, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Priscila Falagan-Lotsch
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | - Ke-seay Smoth
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | - Emmanuel Quinaux
- International Drug Development Institute, Avenue Provinciale 30, 1340 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Buyse
- International Drug Development Institute, Avenue Provinciale 30, 1340 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Stella Dolci
- Breast European Adjuvant Studies Team, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evandro De Azambuja
- Breast European Adjuvant Studies Team, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Hainaut
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | - Patrizia Dell'Orto
- University of Milan School of Medicine and European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Prudence A Francis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2310, Australia; International Breast Cancer Study Group, Effingerstrasse 40, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Crown
- Irish Clinical Oncology Research Group, 60 Fitzwilliam Square, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Martine Piccart-Gebhart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- University of Milan School of Medicine and European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Di Leo
- 'Sandro Pitigliani' Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Piazza dell'Ospedale 2, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Magali Olivier
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 8, France
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Pusztai L. Gene pathways associated with prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2011. [PMCID: PMC3247034 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Butt AJ. Predicting response: identifying molecular determinants of endocrine response and resistance in breast cancer. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2011; 6:661-663. [PMID: 30780881 DOI: 10.1586/eem.11.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of: Fernandez-Cuesta L, Anaganti S, Hainaut P, Olivier M. p53 status influences response to tamoxifen but not to fulvestrant in breast cancer cell lines. Int. J. Cancer 128, 1813-1821 (2011). Blocking estrogen activity or production through the use of anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, respectively, has had a significant impact on improving the survival of breast cancer patients. However, innate or acquired resistance to these endocrine therapies remains a major clinical problem and a challenge to the successful treatment of this disease. A recent article explored the role of the tumor-suppressor gene TP53 in the response of breast cancer cell lines to tamoxifen and the pure anti-estrogen, fulvestrant. Mutations in TP53, which occur frequently in breast cancer like many other types of neoplasia, are already known to negatively influence prognosis, but here their role in the response to anti-estrogen treatment was evaluated. This study found that cells harboring p53 mutations were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of 4-hydroxytamoxifen than their p53 wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, mutant p53 cells were actually stimulated by low concentrations of 4-hydroxytamoxifen, with evidence that this may be mediated through enhanced growth factor signaling. By contrast, p53 status did not affect the response to fulvestrant. This article further delineates the role of p53 as a determinant of the endocrine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Butt
- a Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia and St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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