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Zou C, Li W, Zhang Y, Feng N, Chen S, Yan L, He Q, Wang K, Li W, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu B, Zhang D. Identification of an anaplastic subtype of prostate cancer amenable to therapies targeting SP1 or translation elongation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7098. [PMID: 38569039 PMCID: PMC10990282 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Histopathological heterogeneity is a hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa). Using spatial and parallel single-nucleus transcriptomics, we report an androgen receptor (AR)-positive but neuroendocrine-null primary PCa subtype with morphologic and molecular characteristics of small cell carcinoma. Such small cell-like PCa (SCLPC) is clinically aggressive with low AR, but high stemness and proliferation, activity. Molecular characterization prioritizes protein translation, represented by up-regulation of many ribosomal protein genes, and SP1, a transcriptional factor that drives SCLPC phenotype and overexpresses in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), as two potential therapeutic targets in AR-indifferent CRPC. An SP1-specific inhibitor, plicamycin, effectively suppresses CRPC growth in vivo. Homoharringtonine, a Food And Drug Administration-approved translation elongation inhibitor, impedes CRPC progression in preclinical models and patients with CRPC. We construct an SCLPC-specific signature capable of stratifying patients for drug selectivity. Our studies reveal the existence of SCLPC in admixed PCa pathology, which may mediate tumor relapse, and establish SP1 and translation elongation as actionable therapeutic targets for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zou
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology and Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Saisai Chen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lianlian Yan
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qinju He
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yingying Li
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology and Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- National Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Industry-Education Integration Innovation Platform (Ministry of Education), Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dingxiao Zhang
- The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan Province, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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2
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Liu S, Nam HS, Zeng Z, Deng X, Pashaei E, Zang Y, Yang L, Li C, Huang J, Wendt MK, Lu X, Huang R, Wan J. CDHu40: a novel marker gene set of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587205. [PMID: 38585861 PMCID: PMC10996696 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer affecting American men. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) can emerge during hormone therapy for PCa, manifesting with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, continued disease progression, and/or metastasis to the new sites, resulting in a poor prognosis. A subset of CRPC patients shows a neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype, signifying reduced or no reliance on androgen receptor (AR) signaling and a particularly unfavorable prognosis. In this study, we incorporated computational approaches based on both gene expression profiles and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. We identified 500 potential marker genes, which are significantly enriched in cell cycle and neuronal processes. The top 40 candidates, collectively named as CDHu40, demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing NE prostate cancer (NEPC) and non-NEPC samples based on gene expression profiles compared to other published marker sets. Notably, some novel marker genes in CDHu40, absent in the other marker sets, have been reported to be associated with NEPC in the literature, such as DDC, FOLH1, BEX1, MAST1, and CACNA1A. Importantly, elevated CDHu40 scores derived from our predictive model showed a robust correlation with unfavorable survival outcomes in patients, indicating the potential of the CDHu40 score as a promising indicator for predicting the survival prognosis of those patients with the NE phenotype. Motif enrichment analysis on the top candidates suggests that REST and E2F6 may serve as key regulators in the NEPC progression. Significance our study integrates gene expression variances in multiple NEPC studies and protein-protein interaction network to pinpoint a specific set of NEPC maker genes namely CDHu40. These genes and scores based on their gene expression levels effectively distinguish NEPC samples and underscore the clinical prognostic significance and potential mechanism.
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3
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Kouroukli O, Bravou V, Giannitsas K, Tzelepi V. Tissue-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers of Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:805. [PMID: 38398199 PMCID: PMC10887410 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a common malignancy among elderly men, characterized by great heterogeneity in its clinical course, ranging from an indolent to a highly aggressive disease. The aggressive variant of prostate cancer (AVPC) clinically shows an atypical pattern of disease progression, similar to that of small cell PC (SCPC), and also shares the chemo-responsiveness of SCPC. The term AVPC does not describe a specific histologic subtype of PC but rather the group of tumors that, irrespective of morphology, show an aggressive clinical course, dictated by androgen receptor (AR) indifference. AR indifference represents an adaptive response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), driven by epithelial plasticity, an inherent ability of tumor cells to adapt to their environment by changing their phenotypic characteristics in a bi-directional way. The molecular profile of AVPC entails combined alterations in the tumor suppressor genes retinoblastoma protein 1 (RB1), tumor protein 53 (TP53), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The understanding of the biologic heterogeneity of castration-resistant PC (CRPC) and the need to identify the subset of patients that would potentially benefit from specific therapies necessitate the development of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. This review aims to discuss the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms of AVPC development and the potential use of emerging tissue-based biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kouroukli
- Department of Pathology, Evaggelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | | | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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4
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Habowski AN, Budagavi DP, Scherer SD, Aurora AB, Caligiuri G, Flynn WF, Langer EM, Brody JR, Sears RC, Foggetti G, Arnal Estape A, Nguyen DX, Politi KA, Shen X, Hsu DS, Peehl DM, Kurhanewicz J, Sriram R, Suarez M, Xiao S, Du Y, Li XN, Navone NM, Labanca E, Willey CD. Patient-Derived Models of Cancer in the NCI PDMC Consortium: Selection, Pitfalls, and Practical Recommendations. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:565. [PMID: 38339316 PMCID: PMC10854945 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
For over a century, early researchers sought to study biological organisms in a laboratory setting, leading to the generation of both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Patient-derived models of cancer (PDMCs) have more recently come to the forefront of preclinical cancer models and are even finding their way into clinical practice as part of functional precision medicine programs. The PDMC Consortium, supported by the Division of Cancer Biology in the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, seeks to understand the biological principles that govern the various PDMC behaviors, particularly in response to perturbagens, such as cancer therapeutics. Based on collective experience from the consortium groups, we provide insight regarding PDMCs established both in vitro and in vivo, with a focus on practical matters related to developing and maintaining key cancer models through a series of vignettes. Although every model has the potential to offer valuable insights, the choice of the right model should be guided by the research question. However, recognizing the inherent constraints in each model is crucial. Our objective here is to delineate the strengths and limitations of each model as established by individual vignettes. Further advances in PDMCs and the development of novel model systems will enable us to better understand human biology and improve the study of human pathology in the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. Habowski
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY 11724, USA; (A.N.H.); (D.P.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Deepthi P. Budagavi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY 11724, USA; (A.N.H.); (D.P.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Sandra D. Scherer
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Arin B. Aurora
- Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75235, USA;
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY 11724, USA; (A.N.H.); (D.P.B.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Ellen M. Langer
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Jonathan R. Brody
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | | | - Anna Arnal Estape
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Don X. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (D.X.N.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Katerina A. Politi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (D.X.N.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Xiling Shen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - David S. Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Donna M. Peehl
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (D.M.P.); (J.K.); (R.S.)
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (D.M.P.); (J.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (D.M.P.); (J.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Milagros Suarez
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.S.); (S.X.); (Y.D.); (X.-N.L.)
| | - Sophie Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.S.); (S.X.); (Y.D.); (X.-N.L.)
| | - Yuchen Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.S.); (S.X.); (Y.D.); (X.-N.L.)
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.S.); (S.X.); (Y.D.); (X.-N.L.)
| | - Nora M. Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.M.N.)
| | - Estefania Labanca
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.M.N.)
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Viscuse PV, Slack-Tidwell RS, Zhang M, Rohra P, Zhu K, San Lucas FA, Konnick E, Pilie PG, Siddiqui B, Logothetis CJ, Corn P, Subudhi SK, Pritchard CC, Soundararajan R, Aparicio A. Evaluation of the Aggressive-Variant Prostate Cancer Molecular Signature in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) Environments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5843. [PMID: 38136389 PMCID: PMC10741546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive-variant prostate cancers (AVPCs) are a subset of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPCs) characterized by defects in ≥ two of three of TP53, RB1, and PTEN (AVPCm), a profile linked to lineage plasticity, androgen indifference, and platinum sensitivity. Men with mCRPC undergoing biopsies for progression were assessed for AVPCm using immunohistochemistry (IHC), next-generation sequencing (NGS) of solid tumor DNA (stDNA), and NGS of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays in CLIA-certified labs. Biopsy characteristics, turnaround times, inter-reader concordance, and inter-assay concordance were assessed. AVPCm was detected in 13 (27%) patients via IHC, two (6%) based on stDNA, and seven (39%) based on ctDNA. The concordance of the IHC reads between pathologists was variable. IHC had a higher detection rate of AVPCm+ tumors with the shortest turnaround times. stDNA had challenges with copy number loss detection, limiting its detection rate. ctDNA detected the greatest proportion of AVPCm+ tumors but had a low tumor content in two thirds of patients. These data show the operational characteristics of AVPCm detection using various assays, and inform trial design using AVPCm as a criterion for patient selection or stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V. Viscuse
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Rebecca S. Slack-Tidwell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (K.Z.)
| | - Prih Rohra
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (K.Z.)
| | - Keyi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (K.Z.)
| | - F. Anthony San Lucas
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric Konnick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.K.)
| | - Patrick G. Pilie
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bilal Siddiqui
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sumit K. Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin C. Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.K.)
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ana Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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6
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Yamada Y, Venkadakrishnan VB, Mizuno K, Bakht M, Ku SY, Garcia MM, Beltran H. Targeting DNA methylation and B7-H3 in RB1-deficient and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf6732. [PMID: 37967200 PMCID: PMC10954288 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf6732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation has been implicated as a key driver of prostate cancer lineage plasticity and histologic transformation to neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are highly expressed, and global DNA methylation is dysregulated in NEPC. We identified that deletion of DNMT genes decreases expression of neuroendocrine lineage markers and substantially reduced NEPC tumor development and metastasis in vivo. Decitabine, a pan-DNMT inhibitor, attenuated tumor growth in NEPC patient-derived xenograft models, as well as retinoblastoma gene (RB1)-deficient castration-resistant prostate adenocarcinoma (CRPC) models compared with RB1-proficient CRPC. We further found that DNMT inhibition increased expression of B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3), an emerging druggable target, via demethylation of B7-H3. We tested DS-7300a (i-DXd), an antibody-drug conjugate targeting B7-H3, alone and in combination with decitabine in models of advanced prostate cancer. There was potent single-agent antitumor activity of DS-7300a in both CRPC and NEPC bearing high expression of B7-H3. In B7-H3-low models, combination therapy of decitabine plus DS-7300a resulted in enhanced response. DNMT inhibition may therefore be a promising therapeutic target for NEPC and RB1-deficient CRPC and may sensitize B7-H3-low prostate cancer to DS-7300a through increasing target expression. NEPC and RB1-deficient CRPC represent prostate cancer subgroups with poor prognosis, and the development of biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies for these populations may ultimately help improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Varadha Balaji Venkadakrishnan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kei Mizuno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Martin Bakht
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sheng-Yu Ku
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria Mica Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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7
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Li W, Zheng D, Zhang Y, Yang S, Su N, Bakhoum M, Zhang G, Naderinezhad S, Mao Z, Wang Z, Zhou T. Androgen deprivation induces neuroendocrine phenotypes in prostate cancer cells through CREB1/EZH2-mediated downregulation of REST. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3270539. [PMID: 37886478 PMCID: PMC10602109 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3270539/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Although effective initially, prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) promotes neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and prostate cancer (PCa) progression. It is incompletely understood how ADT transcriptionally induces NE genes in PCa cells. CREB1 and REST are known to positively and negatively regulate neuronal gene expression in the brain, respectively. No direct link between these two master neuronal regulators has been elucidated in the NED of PCa. We show that REST mRNA is downregulated in NEPC cell and mouse models, as well as in patient samples. Phenotypically, REST overexpression increases ADT sensitivity, represses NE genes, inhibits colony formation in culture, and xenograft tumor growth of PCa cells. As expected, ADT downregulates REST in PCa cells in culture and in mouse xenografts. Interestingly, CREB1 signaling represses REST expression. In studying the largely unclear mechanism underlying transcriptional repression of REST by ADT, we found that REST is a direct target of EZH2 epigenetic repression. Finally, genetic rescue experiments demonstrated that ADT induces NED through EZH2's repression of REST, which is enhanced by ADT-activated CREB signaling. In summary, our study has revealed a key pathway underlying NE gene upregulation by ADT, as well as established novel relationships between CREB1 and REST, and between EZH2 and REST, which may also have implications in other cancer types and in neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Li
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Dayong Zheng
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University
| | - Yan Zhang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Sukjin Yang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Ning Su
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Guoliang Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | | | - Zhengmei Mao
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Zheng Wang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Ting Zhou
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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8
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Logotheti S, Papadaki E, Zolota V, Logothetis C, Vrahatis AG, Soundararajan R, Tzelepi V. Lineage Plasticity and Stemness Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer: Harnessing the Power of Integrated "Omics" Approaches to Explore Measurable Metrics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4357. [PMID: 37686633 PMCID: PMC10486655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the most frequent and second most lethal cancer type in men in developed countries, is a highly heterogeneous disease. PCa heterogeneity, therapy resistance, stemness, and lethal progression have been attributed to lineage plasticity, which refers to the ability of neoplastic cells to undergo phenotypic changes under microenvironmental pressures by switching between developmental cell states. What remains to be elucidated is how to identify measurements of lineage plasticity, how to implement them to inform preclinical and clinical research, and, further, how to classify patients and inform therapeutic strategies in the clinic. Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of next-generation sequencing technologies in identifying potential biomarkers associated with lineage plasticity. Here, we review the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic events that have been described in PCa and highlight those with significance for lineage plasticity. We further focus on their relevance in PCa research and their benefits in PCa patient classification. Finally, we explore ways in which bioinformatic analyses can be used to determine lineage plasticity based on large omics analyses and algorithms that can shed light on upstream and downstream events. Most importantly, an integrated multiomics approach may soon allow for the identification of a lineage plasticity signature, which would revolutionize the molecular classification of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souzana Logotheti
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
| | - Eugenia Papadaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
- Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | | | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
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9
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Durani V, Sabet A, Redin E, Kawasaki K, Shafer M, Karthaus WR, Zaidi S, Zhan YA, Manoj P, Sridhar H, Shah NS, Chow A, Bhanot UK, Linkov I, Asher M, Yu HA, Qiu J, de Stanchina E, Patel RA, Morrissey C, Haffner MC, Koche RP, Sawyers CL, Rudin CM. Exportin 1 inhibition prevents neuroendocrine transformation through SOX2 down-regulation in lung and prostate cancers. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf7006. [PMID: 37531417 PMCID: PMC10777207 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In lung and prostate adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine (NE) transformation to an aggressive derivative resembling small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with poor prognosis. We previously described dependency of SCLC on the nuclear transporter exportin 1. Here, we explored the role of exportin 1 in NE transformation. We observed up-regulated exportin 1 in lung and prostate pretransformation adenocarcinomas. Exportin 1 was up-regulated after genetic inactivation of TP53 and RB1 in lung and prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines, accompanied by increased sensitivity to the exportin 1 inhibitor selinexor in vitro. Exportin 1 inhibition prevented NE transformation in different TP53/RB1-inactivated prostate adenocarcinoma xenograft models that acquire NE features upon treatment with the aromatase inhibitor enzalutamide and extended response to the EGFR inhibitor osimertinib in a lung cancer transformation patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model exhibiting combined adenocarcinoma/SCLC histology. Ectopic SOX2 expression restored the enzalutamide-promoted NE phenotype on adenocarcinoma-to-NE transformation xenograft models despite selinexor treatment. Selinexor sensitized NE-transformed lung and prostate small cell carcinoma PDXs to standard cytotoxics. Together, these data nominate exportin 1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target to constrain lineage plasticity and prevent or treat NE transformation in lung and prostate adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vidushi Durani
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amin Sabet
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Esther Redin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kenta Kawasaki
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Moniquetta Shafer
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wouter R. Karthaus
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Samir Zaidi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yingqian A. Zhan
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Parvathy Manoj
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Harsha Sridhar
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nisargbhai S. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Chow
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Umesh K. Bhanot
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irina Linkov
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marina Asher
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Helena A. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan Qiu
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Radhika A. Patel
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 19024, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 19024, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles L. Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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10
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Van Emmenis L, Ku SY, Gayvert K, Branch JR, Brady NJ, Basu S, Russell M, Cyrta J, Vosoughi A, Sailer V, Alnajar H, Dardenne E, Koumis E, Puca L, Robinson BD, Feldkamp MD, Winkis A, Majewski N, Rupnow B, Gottardis MM, Elemento O, Rubin MA, Beltran H, Rickman DS. The Identification of CELSR3 and Other Potential Cell Surface Targets in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1447-1459. [PMID: 37546702 PMCID: PMC10401480 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Although recent efforts have led to the development of highly effective androgen receptor (AR)-directed therapies for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, a significant subset of patients will progress with resistant disease including AR-negative tumors that display neuroendocrine features [neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC)]. On the basis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from a clinical cohort of tissue from benign prostate, locally advanced prostate cancer, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and NEPC, we developed a multi-step bioinformatics pipeline to identify NEPC-specific, overexpressed gene transcripts that encode cell surface proteins. This included the identification of known NEPC surface protein CEACAM5 as well as other potentially targetable proteins (e.g., HMMR and CESLR3). We further showed that cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3) knockdown results in reduced NEPC tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro. We provide in vivo data including laser capture microdissection followed by RNA-seq data supporting a causal role of CELSR3 in the development and/or maintenance of the phenotype associated with NEPC. Finally, we provide initial data that suggests CELSR3 is a target for T-cell redirection therapeutics. Further work is now needed to fully evaluate the utility of targeting CELSR3 with T-cell redirection or other similar therapeutics as a potential new strategy for patients with NEPC. Significance The development of effective treatment for patients with NEPC remains an unmet clinical need. We have identified specific surface proteins, including CELSR3, that may serve as novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Van Emmenis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sheng-Yu Ku
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kaitlyn Gayvert
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Nicholas J. Brady
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Subhasree Basu
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joanna Cyrta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aram Vosoughi
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Verena Sailer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Hussein Alnajar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Etienne Dardenne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Elena Koumis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Loredana Puca
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Brian D. Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Brent Rupnow
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - David S. Rickman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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11
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Chetta P, Sriram R, Zadra G. Lactate as Key Metabolite in Prostate Cancer Progression: What Are the Clinical Implications? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3473. [PMID: 37444583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer represents the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Although androgen-receptor signaling is the major driver of the disease, evidence is accumulating that disease progression is supported by substantial metabolic changes. Alterations in de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid catabolism are consistently reported during prostate cancer development and progression in association with androgen-receptor signaling. Therefore, the term "lipogenic phenotype" is frequently used to describe the complex metabolic rewiring that occurs in prostate cancer. However, a new scenario has emerged in which lactate may play a major role. Alterations in oncogenes/tumor suppressors, androgen signaling, hypoxic conditions, and cells in the tumor microenvironment can promote aerobic glycolysis in prostate cancer cells and the release of lactate in the tumor microenvironment, favoring immune evasion and metastasis. As prostate cancer is composed of metabolically heterogenous cells, glycolytic prostate cancer cells or cancer-associated fibroblasts can also secrete lactate and create "symbiotic" interactions with oxidative prostate cancer cells via lactate shuttling to sustain disease progression. Here, we discuss the multifaceted role of lactate in prostate cancer progression, taking into account the influence of the systemic metabolic and gut microbiota. We call special attention to the clinical opportunities of imaging lactate accumulation for patient stratification and targeting lactate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Chetta
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council (IGM-CNR), 27100 Pavia, Italy
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12
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Lawrence MG, Taylor RA, Cuffe GB, Ang LS, Clark AK, Goode DL, Porter LH, Le Magnen C, Navone NM, Schalken JA, Wang Y, van Weerden WM, Corey E, Isaacs JT, Nelson PS, Risbridger GP. The future of patient-derived xenografts in prostate cancer research. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:371-384. [PMID: 36650259 PMCID: PMC10789487 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are generated by engrafting human tumours into mice. Serially transplantable PDXs are used to study tumour biology and test therapeutics, linking the laboratory to the clinic. Although few prostate cancer PDXs are available in large repositories, over 330 prostate cancer PDXs have been established, spanning broad clinical stages, genotypes and phenotypes. Nevertheless, more PDXs are needed to reflect patient diversity, and to study new treatments and emerging mechanisms of resistance. We can maximize the use of PDXs by exchanging models and datasets, and by depositing PDXs into biorepositories, but we must address the impediments to accessing PDXs, such as institutional, ethical and legal agreements. Through collaboration, researchers will gain greater access to PDXs representing diverse features of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Lawrence
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia B Cuffe
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa S Ang
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashlee K Clark
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David L Goode
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clémentine Le Magnen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora M Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Grypari IM, Pappa I, Papastergiou T, Zolota V, Bravou V, Melachrinou M, Megalooikonomou V, Tzelepi V. Elucidating the role of PRMTs in prostate cancer using open access databases and a patient cohort dataset. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:287-302. [PMID: 36082942 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is an understudied epigenetic mechanism catalyzed by enzymes known as Protein Methyltransferases of Arginine (PRMTs), while the opposite reaction is performed by Jumonji domain- containing protein 6 (JMJD6). There is increasing evidence that PRMTs are deregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, the expression of two PRMT members, PRMT2 and PRMT7 as well as JMJD6, a demethylase, was analyzed in PCa. Initially, we retrieved data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to explore the differential expression of various PRMT family members in patients with PCa and then applied immunohistochemistry in a patient cohort across the spectrum of PCa, including non-neoplastic prostate tissue and lymph node metastatic foci. The results from the TCGA analysis revealed that PRMT7, PRMT6 and PRMT3 expression increased while PRMT2, PRMT9 and JMJD6 levels decreased in the tumor compared to non-neoplastic prostate. Results from the GEO datasets were similar, albeit not identical with the TCGA results, with PRMT7 and PRMT3 being upregulated and PRMT2 and JMJD6 being downregulated in the tumor compared to non-neoplastic tissue in some of them. In addition, PRMT7 levels decreased with stage and grade progression in the TCGA analysis. In the patient cohort, both PRMTs and JMJD6 were overexpressed in PCa compared to non-neoplastic tissue, and nuclear PRMT2 and JMJD6 were upregulated in lymph node metastasis, too. PRMT7 and JMJD6 expression were upregulated with the progression of stage and JMJD6 was also increased with the elevation of grade. After androgen ablation therapy, nuclear expression of PRMT7 and JMJD6 were elevated compared to untreated tumors. PRMT2, PRMT7 and JMD6 were also correlated with markers of EMT and cell cycle regulators. Finally, our findings indicate that PRMTs and JMJD6 are involved in prostate cancer progression and revealed a potential interplay of PRMTs with EMT mediators, underscoring the need for therapeutic targeting of arginine methylation in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Maria Grypari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pappa
- Multidimensional Data Analysis and Knowledge Management Laboratory, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Papastergiou
- Multidimensional Data Analysis and Knowledge Management Laboratory, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Melachrinou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasileios Megalooikonomou
- Multidimensional Data Analysis and Knowledge Management Laboratory, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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14
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Preclinical Models of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225646. [PMID: 36428741 PMCID: PMC9688518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NENs) are a complex and heterogeneous group of cancers that can arise from neuroendocrine tissues throughout the body and differentiate them from other tumors. Their low incidence and high diversity make many of them orphan conditions characterized by a low incidence and few dedicated clinical trials. Study of the molecular and genetic nature of these diseases is limited in comparison to more common cancers and more dependent on preclinical models, including both in vitro models (such as cell lines and 3D models) and in vivo models (such as patient derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs)). While preclinical models do not fully recapitulate the nature of these cancers in patients, they are useful tools in investigation of the basic biology and early-stage investigation for evaluation of treatments for these cancers. We review available preclinical models for each type of NEN and discuss their history as well as their current use and translation.
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15
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Soundararajan R, Viscuse P, Pilie P, Liu J, Logotheti S, Laberiano Fernández C, Lorenzini D, Hoang A, Lu W, Soto LMS, Wistuba II, Xu M, Song X, Shepherd PDA, Navone NM, Tidwell RSS, Lozano G, Logothetis C, Zhang J, Long JP, Estecio MR, Tzelepi V, Aparicio AM. Genotype-to-Phenotype Associations in the Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancer Molecular Profile (AVPC-m) Components. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3233. [PMID: 35805010 PMCID: PMC9265062 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggressive variant prostate cancer molecular profile (AVPC-m), composed of combined defects in TP53, RB1 and PTEN, characterizes a subset of prostate cancers linked to androgen indifference and platinum sensitivity. To contribute to the optimization of the AVPC-m assessment for inclusion in prospective clinical trials, we investigated the status of the AVPC-m components in 28 patient tumor-derived xenografts (PDXs) developed at MDACC. We subjected single formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks from each PDX to immunohistochemistry (IHC), targeted next-generation genomic sequencing (NGS) and Clariom-S Affymetrix human microarray expression profiling. Standard validated IHC assays and a 10% labeling index cutoff resulted in high reproducibility across three separate laboratories and three independent readers for all tumor suppressors, as well as strong correlations with loss-of-function transcriptional scores (LOF-TS). Adding intensity assessment to labeling indices strengthened the association between IHC results and LOF-TS for TP53 and RB1, but not for PTEN. For TP53, genomic alterations determined by NGS had slightly higher agreement scores with LOF-TS than aberrant IHC, while for RB1 and PTEN, NGS and IHC determinations resulted in similar agreement scores with LOF-TS. Nonetheless, our results indicate that the AVPC-m components can be assessed reproducibly by IHC using various widely available standardized assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.L.F.); (W.L.); (L.M.S.S.); (I.I.W.)
| | - Paul Viscuse
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Patrick Pilie
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (J.L.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Souzana Logotheti
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Caddie Laberiano Fernández
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.L.F.); (W.L.); (L.M.S.S.); (I.I.W.)
| | - Daniele Lorenzini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anh Hoang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.L.F.); (W.L.); (L.M.S.S.); (I.I.W.)
| | - Luisa Maren Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.L.F.); (W.L.); (L.M.S.S.); (I.I.W.)
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.L.F.); (W.L.); (L.M.S.S.); (I.I.W.)
| | - Mingchu Xu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (J.L.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (J.L.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Peter D. A. Shepherd
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Nora M. Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Rebecca S. S. Tidwell
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA; (R.S.S.T.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (J.L.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - James P. Long
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA; (R.S.S.T.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Marcos R. Estecio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Ana M. Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.V.); (P.P.); (S.L.); (A.H.); (P.D.A.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.L.)
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16
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Mai CW, Chin KY, Foong LC, Pang KL, Yu B, Shu Y, Chen S, Cheong SK, Chua CW. Modeling prostate cancer: What does it take to build an ideal tumor model? Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215794. [PMID: 35718268 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is frequently characterized as a multifocal disease with great intratumoral heterogeneity as well as a high propensity to metastasize to bone. Consequently, modeling prostate tumor has remained a challenging task for researchers in this field. In the past decades, genomic advances have led to the identification of key molecular alterations in prostate cancer. Moreover, resistance towards second-generation androgen-deprivation therapy, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide has unveiled androgen receptor-independent diseases with distinctive histopathological and clinical features. In this review, we have critically evaluated the commonly used preclinical models of prostate cancer with respect to their capability of recapitulating the key genomic alterations, histopathological features and bone metastatic potential of human prostate tumors. In addition, we have also discussed the potential use of the emerging organoid models in prostate cancer research, which possess clear advantages over the commonly used preclinical tumor models. We anticipate that no single model can faithfully recapitulate the complexity of prostate cancer, and thus, propose the use of a cost- and time-efficient integrated tumor modeling approach for future prostate cancer investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wai Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Lian-Chee Foong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, 79200, Malaysia
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wai Chua
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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17
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Mesenchymal and stem-like prostate cancer linked to therapy-induced lineage plasticity and metastasis. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110595. [PMID: 35385726 PMCID: PMC9414743 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatic analysis of 94 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), cell lines, and organoids (PCOs) identifies three intrinsic transcriptional subtypes of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: androgen receptor (AR) pathway + prostate cancer (PC) (ARPC), mesenchymal and stem-like PC (MSPC), and neuroendocrine PC (NEPC). A sizable proportion of castration-resistant and metastatic stage PC (M-CRPC) cases are admixtures of ARPC and MSPC. Analysis of clinical datasets and mechanistic studies indicates that MSPC arises from ARPC as a consequence of therapy-induced lineage plasticity. AR blockade with enzalutamide induces (1) transcriptional silencing of TP53 and hence dedifferentiation to a hybrid epithelial and mesenchymal and stem-like state and (2) inhibition of BMP signaling, which promotes resistance to AR inhibition. Enzalutamide-tolerant LNCaP cells re-enter the cell cycle in response to neuregulin and generate metastasis in mice. Combined inhibition of HER2/3 and AR or mTORC1 exhibits efficacy in models of ARPC and MSPC or MSPC, respectively. These results define MSPC, trace its origin to therapy-induced lineage plasticity, and reveal its sensitivity to HER2/3 inhibition.
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18
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Advances in neuroendocrine prostate cancer research: From model construction to molecular network analyses. J Transl Med 2022; 102:332-340. [PMID: 34937865 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and has a high incidence and associated mortality worldwide. It is an androgen-driven disease in which tumor growth is triggered via ligand-mediated signaling through the androgen receptor (AR). Recent evidence suggests that the widespread use of effective AR pathway inhibitors may increase the occurrence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), an aggressive and treatment-resistant AR-negative variant; however, mechanisms controlling NEPC development remain to be elucidated. Various preclinical models have recently been developed to investigate the mechanisms driving the NEPC differentiation. In the present study, we summarized strategies for the development of NEPC models and proposed a novel method for model evaluation, which will help in the timely and accurate identification of NEPC by virtue of its ability to recapitulate the heterogeneity of prostate cancer. Moreover, we discuss the origin and the mechanism of NEPC. The understanding of the regulatory network mediating neuroendocrine differentiation presented in this review could provide valuable insights into the identification of novel drug targets for NEPC as well as into the causes of antiandrogenic drug resistance.
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19
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Shi M, Wang Y, Lin D, Wang Y. Patient-derived xenograft models of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:160-169. [PMID: 34767925 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have attracted much attention as clinically relevant models for basic and translational cancer research. PDXs retain the principal histopathological and molecular heterogeneity of their donor tumors and remain stable across passages. These characteristics allow PDXs to offer a reliable platform for better understanding cancer biology, discovering biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and developing novel therapies. A growing interest in generating neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) PDX models has been demonstrated, and such models have proven useful in several areas. This review provides a comprehensive summary of currently available NEPC PDX collections, encompassing 1) primary or secondary sites where patient samples were collected, 2) donor patients' treatment histories, 3) morphological features (i.e., small cell and large cell), and 4) genomic alterations. We also highlight suitable models for various research purposes, including identifying therapeutic targets and evaluating drug responses in models with specific genomic backgrounds. Finally, we provide perspectives on the current knowledge gaps and shed light on future applications and improvements of NEPC PDXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Shi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yu Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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20
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Imaging of Neuroendocrine Prostatic Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225765. [PMID: 34830919 PMCID: PMC8616225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer that typically has a high metastatic potential and poor prognosis in comparison to the adenocarcinoma subtype. Although it can arise de novo, NEPC much more commonly occurs as a mechanism of treatment resistance during therapy for conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma, the latter is also termed as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The incidence of NEPC increases after hormonal therapy and they represent a challenge, both in the radiological and pathological diagnosis, as well as in the clinical management. This article provides a comprehensive imaging review of prostatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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21
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Grypari IM, Logotheti S, Zolota V, Troncoso P, Efstathiou E, Bravou V, Melachrinou M, Logothetis C, Tzelepi V. The protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) PRMT1 and CARM1 as candidate epigenetic drivers in prostate cancer progression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27094. [PMID: 34516499 PMCID: PMC8428700 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and resistance to therapy. Arginine residue methylation is an understudied histone post-translational modification that is increasingly associated with cancer progression and is catalyzed by enzymes called protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). The molecular consequences of aberrant expression of PRMTs in PCa and the relationship between PRMTs and PCa progression are largely unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of PRMT1 and CARM1, two of the best-studied PRMTs, in 288 patients across the spectrum of PCa and correlated them with markers of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, and milestones of carcinogenesis. Our findings indicate that PRMT1 and CARM1 are upregulated early in PCa progression, and that CARM1 is further upregulated after therapy. In addition, a correlation of CARM1 with AR post-translational modifications was noted in the setting of therapy resistance, highlighting CARM1 as one of the adaptation mechanisms of PCa cells in an androgen-depleted environment. Finally, CARM1 correlated with markers of cell cycle regulation, and both CARM1 and PRMT1 correlated with markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signaling. Taken together these findings indicate that an epigenetic network drives PCa progression through enhancement of milestone pathways including AR signaling, the cell cycle, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Maria Grypari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Souzana Logotheti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Melachrinou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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22
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An androgen receptor switch underlies lineage infidelity in treatment-resistant prostate cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1023-1034. [PMID: 34489572 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancers adapt to increasingly potent targeted therapies by reprogramming their phenotype. Here we investigated such a phenomenon in prostate cancer, in which tumours can escape epithelial lineage confinement and transition to a high-plasticity state as an adaptive response to potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonism. We found that AR activity can be maintained as tumours adopt alternative lineage identities, with changes in chromatin architecture guiding AR transcriptional rerouting. The epigenetic regulator enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) co-occupies the reprogrammed AR cistrome to transcriptionally modulate stem cell and neuronal gene networks-granting privileges associated with both fates. This function of EZH2 was associated with T350 phosphorylation and establishment of a non-canonical polycomb subcomplex. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the plasticity of the lineage-infidelity state governed by AR reprogramming that enabled us to redirect cell fate by modulating EZH2 and AR, highlighting the clinical potential of reversing resistance phenotypes.
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23
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Berchuck JE, Viscuse PV, Beltran H, Aparicio A. Clinical considerations for the management of androgen indifferent prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:623-637. [PMID: 33568748 PMCID: PMC8353003 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many systemic therapies for advanced prostate cancer work by disrupting androgen receptor signaling. Androgen indifferent prostate cancer (AIPC) variants, including aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC), neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), and double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC), are increasingly common and often overlapping resistance phenotypes following treatment with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and are associated with poor outcomes. Understanding the underlying biology and identifying effective therapies for AIPC is paramount for improving survival for men with prostate cancer. METHODS In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on AIPC variants, including our current understanding of the clinical, morphologic, and molecular features as well as current therapeutic approaches. We also explore emerging therapies and biomarkers aimed at improving outcomes for men with AIPC. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Establishing consensus definitions, developing novel biomarkers for early and accurate detection, further characterization of molecular drivers of each phenotype, and developing effective therapies will be critical to improving outcomes for men with AIPC. Significant progress has been made toward defining the clinical and molecular characteristics of AVPC, NEPC, and DNPC. Novel diagnostic approaches, including cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells, and molecular imaging are promising tools for detecting AIPC in clinical practice. Building on previous treatment advances, several clinical trials are underway evaluating novel therapeutic approaches in patients with AIPC informed by an understanding of variant-specific biology. In this review, we discuss how these recent and ongoing studies will help to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for men with AIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Berchuck
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul V Viscuse
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ana Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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24
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Risbridger GP, Clark AK, Porter LH, Toivanen R, Bakshi A, Lister NL, Pook D, Pezaro CJ, Sandhu S, Keerthikumar S, Quezada Urban R, Papargiris M, Kraska J, Madsen HB, Wang H, Richards MG, Niranjan B, O'Dea S, Teng L, Wheelahan W, Li Z, Choo N, Ouyang JF, Thorne H, Devereux L, Hicks RJ, Sengupta S, Harewood L, Iddawala M, Azad AA, Goad J, Grummet J, Kourambas J, Kwan EM, Moon D, Murphy DG, Pedersen J, Clouston D, Norden S, Ryan A, Furic L, Goode DL, Frydenberg M, Lawrence MG, Taylor RA. The MURAL collection of prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts enables discovery through preclinical models of uro-oncology. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5049. [PMID: 34413304 PMCID: PMC8376965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical testing is a crucial step in evaluating cancer therapeutics. We aimed to establish a significant resource of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of prostate cancer for rapid and systematic evaluation of candidate therapies. The PDX collection comprises 59 tumors collected from 30 patients between 2012-2020, coinciding with availability of abiraterone and enzalutamide. The PDXs represent the clinico-pathological and genomic spectrum of prostate cancer, from treatment-naïve primary tumors to castration-resistant metastases. Inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity in adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine phenotypes is evident from bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data. Organoids can be cultured from PDXs, providing further capabilities for preclinical studies. Using a 1 x 1 x 1 design, we rapidly identify tumors with exceptional responses to combination treatments. To govern the distribution of PDXs, we formed the Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL). This PDX collection is a substantial resource, expanding the capacity to test and prioritize effective treatments for prospective clinical trials in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail P Risbridger
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ashlee K Clark
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Roxanne Toivanen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie L Lister
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pook
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmel J Pezaro
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health and Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia.,Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, England
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Tissue Collection After Death (CASCADE) Program, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosalia Quezada Urban
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Papargiris
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenna Kraska
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather B Madsen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource, VIC Node, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong Wang
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle G Richards
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Birunthi Niranjan
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha O'Dea
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Teng
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - William Wheelahan
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhuoer Li
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Choo
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John F Ouyang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heather Thorne
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Devereux
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shomik Sengupta
- Eastern Health and Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Freemasons, Epworth Health, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Harewood
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mahesh Iddawala
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Arun A Azad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Goad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Grummet
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Kourambas
- Department of Medicine, Monash Health, Casey Hospital, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | - Edmond M Kwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Moon
- Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,The Epworth Prostate Centre, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Pedersen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,TissuPath, Mount Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sam Norden
- TissuPath, Mount Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Luc Furic
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Frydenberg
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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25
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HOXB5 Overexpression Is Associated with Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080893. [PMID: 34440097 PMCID: PMC8389587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes function as master regulatory transcription factors during embryogenesis. HOXB5 is known to play an important role in several cancers. However, the biological role of HOXB5 in prostate cancer (PCa) is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the expression and function of HOXB5 and involvement of HOXB5 in neuroendocrine differentiation in PCa. Immunohistochemistry showed that 56 (43.8%) of 128 cases of localized PCa were positive for HOXB5. HOXB5-positive cases were associated with poor prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival after prostatectomy. Among 74 cases of metastatic PCa, 43 (58.1%) were positive for HOXB5. HOXB5 expression was higher in metastatic PCa than that in localized PCa. HOXB5 knockdown suppressed cell growth and invasion, but HOXB5 overexpression increased cell growth and invasion in PCa cell lines. Furthermore, HOXB5 regulated RET expression. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that Nelson androgen response gene set was enriched in low HOXB5 expression group. RB1 knockout increased HOXB5 expression. Of note, additional p53 knockdown further increased HOXB5 expression in RB1 knockout cells. In silico analysis showed that HOXB5 expression was increased in neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC). These results suggest that HOXB5 may be a promising prognostic marker after prostatectomy and is involved in progression to NEPC.
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26
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Brady NJ, Bagadion AM, Singh R, Conteduca V, Van Emmenis L, Arceci E, Pakula H, Carelli R, Khani F, Bakht M, Sigouros M, Bareja R, Sboner A, Elemento O, Tagawa S, Nanus DM, Loda M, Beltran H, Robinson B, Rickman DS. Temporal evolution of cellular heterogeneity during the progression to advanced AR-negative prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3372. [PMID: 34099734 PMCID: PMC8185096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the development of highly effective androgen receptor (AR)-directed therapies for the treatment of men with advanced prostate cancer, acquired resistance to such therapies frequently ensues. A significant subset of patients with resistant disease develop AR-negative tumors that lose their luminal identity and display neuroendocrine features (neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC)). The cellular heterogeneity and the molecular evolution during the progression from AR-positive adenocarcinoma to AR-negative NEPC has yet to be characterized. Utilizing a new genetically engineered mouse model, we have characterized the synergy between Rb1 loss and MYCN (encodes N-Myc) overexpression which results in the formation of AR-negative, poorly differentiated tumors with high metastatic potential. Single-cell-based approaches revealed striking temporal changes to the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility which have identified the emergence of distinct cell populations, marked by differential expression of Ascl1 and Pou2f3, during the transition to NEPC. Moreover, global DNA methylation and the N-Myc cistrome are redirected following Rb1 loss. Altogether, our data provide insight into the progression of prostate adenocarcinoma to NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Brady
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alyssa M Bagadion
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richa Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucie Van Emmenis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Arceci
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hubert Pakula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Carelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Khani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Bakht
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Sigouros
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Tagawa
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Nanus
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Rickman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Drapkin BJ, Rudin CM. Advances in Small-Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Translational Research. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a038240. [PMID: 32513672 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, we have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This has been driven in part through the development of a more extensive array of representative models of disease, including a diverse variety of genetically engineered mouse models and human tumor xenografts. Herein, we review recent progress in SCLC model development, and consider some of the particularly active avenues of translational research in SCLC, including interrogation of intratumoral heterogeneity, insights into the cell of origin and oncogenic drivers, mechanisms of chemoresistance, and new therapeutic opportunities including biomarker-directed targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Whereas SCLC remains a highly lethal disease, these new avenues of translational research, bringing together mechanism-based preclinical and clinical research, offer new hope for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Drapkin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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28
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Sekino Y, Han X, Babasaki T, Miyamoto S, Kobatake K, Kitano H, Ikeda K, Goto K, Inoue S, Hayashi T, Teishima J, Shiota M, Takeshima Y, Yasui W, Matsubara A. TUBB3 is associated with PTEN, neuroendocrine differentiation, and castration resistance in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:368.e1-368.e9. [PMID: 33771409 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulin-β3 encoded by the Tubulin-β3 (TUBB3) gene is a microtubule protein. Previous studies have shown that TUBB3 expression is upregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CaP) and is involved in taxane resistance. However, the biological mechanism of TUBB3 involvement in the progression to castration-resistant CaP is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the expression and function of TUBB3 in localized and metastatic CaP. METHODS TUBB3 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry in localized and metastatic CaP. We also investigated the association between TUBB3, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and neuroendocrine differentiation and examined the involvement of TUBB3 in new antiandrogen drugs (enzalutamide and apalutamide) resistance in metastatic CaP. RESULTS In 155 cases of localized CaP, immunohistochemistry showed that 5 (3.2%) of the CaP cases were positive for tubulin-β3. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high expression of tubulin-β3 was associated with poor prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival after radical prostatectomy. In 57 cases of metastatic CaP, immunohistochemistry showed that 14 (25%) cases were positive for tubulin-β3. Tubulin-β3 expression was higher in metastatic CaP than in localized CaP. High tubulin-β3 expression was correlated with negative PTEN expression. TUBB3 expression was increased in neuroendocrine CaP based on several public databases. PTEN knockout decreased the sensitivity to enzalutamide and apalutamide in 22Rv-1 cells. TUBB3 knockdown reversed the sensitivity to enzalutamide and apalutamide in PTEN-CRISPR 22Rv-1 cells. High expression of tubulin-β3 and negative expression of PTEN were significantly associated with poor overall survival in metastatic CaP treated with androgen deprivation therapy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TUBB3 may be a useful predictive biomarker for survival and play an essential role in antiandrogen resistance in CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Xiangrui Han
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Kobatake
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Inoue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Urology, Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Japan
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29
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Wang Y, Wang J, Tang Q, Ren G. Identification of UBE2C as hub gene in driving prostate cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247827. [PMID: 33630978 PMCID: PMC7906463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify novel genes in promoting primary prostate cancer (PCa) progression and to explore its role in the prognosis of prostate cancer. METHODS Four microarray datasets containing primary prostate cancer samples and benign prostate samples were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by R software (version 3.6.2). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed to identify the function of DEGs. Using STRING and Cytoscape (version 3.7.1), we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identified the hub gene of prostate cancer. Clinical data on GSE70770 and TCGA was collected to show the role of hub gene in prostate cancer progression. The correlations between hub gene and clinical parameters were also indicated by cox regression analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to highlight the function of Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex (UBE2C) in prostate cancer. RESULTS 243 upregulated genes and 298 downregulated genes that changed in at least two microarrays have been identified. GO and KEGG analysis indicated significant changes in the oxidation-reduction process, angiogenesis, TGF-beta signaling pathway. UBE2C, PDZ-binding kinase (PBK), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3), topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and MKI67 were identified as the candidate hub genes, which were all correlated with prostate cancer patient' disease-free survival in TCGA. In fact, only UBE2C was highly expressed in prostate cancer when compared with benign prostate tissue in TCGA and the expression of UBE2C was also in parallel with the Gleason score of prostate cancer. Cox regression analysis has indicated UBE2C could function as the independent prognostic factor of prostate cancer. GSEA showed UBE2C had played an important role in the pathway of prostate cancer, such as NOTCH signaling pathway, WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS UBE2C was pivotal for the progression of prostate cancer and the level of UBE2C was important to predict the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jili Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiusu Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Cheng S, Yang S, Shi Y, Shi R, Yeh Y, Yu X. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer has distinctive, non-prostatic HOX code that is represented by the loss of HOXB13 expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2778. [PMID: 33531604 PMCID: PMC7854582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HOX gene-encoded homeobox proteins control body patterning during embryonic development; the specific expression pattern of HOX genes may correspond to tissue identity. In this study, using RNAseq data of 1019 human cancer cell lines that originated from 24 different anatomic sites, we established HOX codes for various types of tissues. We applied these HOX codes to the transcriptomic profiles of prostate cancer (PCa) samples and found that the majority of prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPCa) samples sustained a prostate-specific HOX code whereas the majority of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPCa) samples did not, which reflects the anaplastic nature of NEPCa. Also, our analysis showed that the NEPCa samples did not correlate well with the HOX codes of any other tissue types, indicating that NEPCa tumors lose their prostate identities but do not gain new tissue identities. Additionally, using immunohistochemical staining, we evaluated the prostatic expression of HOXB13, the most prominently changed HOX gene in NEPCa. We found that HOXB13 was expressed in both benign prostatic tissues and AdPCa but its expression was reduced or lost in NEPCa. Furthermore, we treated PCa cells with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and found that the reduced HOXB13 expression can be reverted. This suggests that ATRA is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of NEPCa tumors by reversing them to a more treatable AdPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yingli Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Runhua Shi
- Department of Medicine, LSU Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yunshin Yeh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.,Department of Urology, LSU Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA. .,Department of Urology, LSU Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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31
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Wang J, Xu LF, Liu C, Huang T, Liang CZ, Fan YD. Identifying the role of apolipoprotein A-I in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:400-408. [PMID: 33586698 PMCID: PMC8269822 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_92_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although localized prostate cancer (PCa) can be cured by prostatectomy and radiotherapy, the development of effective therapeutic approaches for advanced prostate cancer, including castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) and neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC), is lagging far behind. Identifying a novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for early diagnosis and intervention is an urgent clinical need. Here, we report that apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the major component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is upregulated in PCa based on both bioinformatics and experimental evidence. The fact that advanced PCa shows strong ApoA-I expression reflects its potential role in driving therapeutic resistance and disease progression by reprogramming the lipid metabolic network of tumor cells. Molecularly, ApoA-I is regulated by MYC, a frequently amplified oncogene in late-stage PCa. Altogether, our findings have revealed a novel indicator to predict prognosis and recurrence, which would benefit patients who are prone to progress to metastasis or even NEPC, which is the lethal subtype of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Department of Urologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ling-Fan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Urologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chao-Zhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yi-Dong Fan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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32
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Labanca E, Bizzotto J, Sanchis P, Anselmino N, Yang J, Shepherd PDA, Paez A, Antico-Arciuch V, Lage-Vickers S, Hoang AG, Tang X, Raso MG, Titus M, Efstathiou E, Cotignola J, Araujo J, Logothetis C, Vazquez E, Navone N, Gueron G. Prostate cancer castrate resistant progression usage of non-canonical androgen receptor signaling and ketone body fuel. Oncogene 2021; 40:6284-6298. [PMID: 34584218 PMCID: PMC8566229 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) that progresses after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains incurable. The underlying mechanisms that account for the ultimate emergence of resistance to ADT, progressing to castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), include those that reactivate androgen receptor (AR), or those that are entirely independent or cooperate with androgen signaling to underlie PCa progression. The intricacy of metabolic pathways associated with PCa progression spurred us to develop a metabolism-centric analysis to assess the metabolic shift occurring in PCa that progresses with low AR expression. We used PCa patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to assess the metabolic changes after castration of tumor-bearing mice and subsequently confirmed main findings in human donor tumor that progressed after ADT. We found that relapsed tumors had a significant increase in fatty acids and ketone body (KB) content compared with baseline. We confirmed that critical ketolytic enzymes (ACAT1, OXCT1, BDH1) were dysregulated after castrate-resistant progression. Further, these enzymes are increased in the human donor tissue after progressing to ADT. In an in silico approach, increased ACAT1, OXCT1, BDH1 expression was also observed for a subset of PCa patients that relapsed with low AR and ERG (ETS-related gene) expression. Further, expression of these factors was also associated with decreased time to biochemical relapse and decreased progression-free survival. Our studies reveal the key metabolites fueling castration resistant progression in the context of a partial or complete loss of AR dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Labanca
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Juan Bizzotto
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - Pablo Sanchis
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - Nicolas Anselmino
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jun Yang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Peter D. A. Shepherd
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Alejandra Paez
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Unidad de Transferencia Genética, Instituto de Oncología “Angel H Roffo”, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Antico-Arciuch
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - Sofia Lage-Vickers
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - Anh G. Hoang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Ximing Tang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Mark Titus
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Javier Cotignola
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - John Araujo
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Elba Vazquez
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - Nora Navone
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Geraldine Gueron
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
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CPT1A Over-Expression Increases Reactive Oxygen Species in the Mitochondria and Promotes Antioxidant Defenses in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113431. [PMID: 33218188 PMCID: PMC7709014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and the second highest contributor to cancer deaths. Targeting lipid catabolism enzymes in PCa may offer new avenues for therapeutic approaches. During the last decade, carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT1A) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for a growing list of cancers. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that excess CPT1A plays a key role in supporting adaptation to stress and antioxidant defense production in PCa cells. Specifically, we have studied molecular differences between CPT1A gain and loss of function models, revealing genetic and metabolic vulnerabilities that could be targeted to avoid progression to neuroendocrine differentiation, a lethal form of the disease. Examining public datasets, we have also found that excess CPT1A expression leads to worse progression-free survival in PCa patients. Abstract Cancers reprogram their metabolism to adapt to environmental changes. In this study, we examined the consequences of altered expression of the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT1A) in prostate cancer (PCa) cell models. Using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we compared LNCaP-C4-2 cell lines with depleted (knockdown (KD)) or increased (overexpression (OE)) CPT1A expression. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured. Transcriptomic analysis identified ER stress, serine biosynthesis and lipid catabolism as significantly upregulated pathways in the OE versus KD cells. On the other hand, androgen response was significantly downregulated in OE cells. These changes associated with increased acyl-carnitines, serine synthesis and glutathione precursors in OE cells. Unexpectedly, OE cells showed increased mitochondrial ROS but when challenged with fatty acids and no androgens, the Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) enzyme increased in the OE cells, suggesting better antioxidant defenses with excess CPT1A expression. Public databases also showed decreased androgen response correlation with increased serine-related metabolism in advanced PCa. Lastly, worse progression free survival was observed with increased lipid catabolism and decreased androgen response. Excess CPT1A is associated with a ROS-mediated stress phenotype that can support PCa disease progression. This study provides a rationale for targeting lipid catabolic pathways for therapy in hormonal cancers.
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Involvement of the MEN1 Gene in Hormone-Related Cancers: Clues from Molecular Studies, Mouse Models, and Patient Investigations. ENDOCRINES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines1020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MEN1 mutation predisposes patients to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a genetic syndrome associated with the predominant co-occurrence of endocrine tumors. Intriguingly, recent evidence has suggested that MEN1 could also be involved in the development of breast and prostate cancers, two major hormone-related cancers. The first clues as to its possible role arose from the identification of the physical and functional interactions between the menin protein, encoded by MEN1, and estrogen receptor α and androgen receptor. In parallel, our team observed that aged heterozygous Men1 mutant mice developed cancerous lesions in mammary glands of female and in the prostate of male mutant mice at low frequencies, in addition to endocrine tumors. Finally, observations made both in MEN1 patients and in sporadic breast and prostate cancers further confirmed the role played by menin in these two cancers. In this review, we present the currently available data concerning the complex and multifaceted involvement of MEN1 in these two types of hormone-dependent cancers.
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Farag AK, Hassan AH, Chung KS, Lee JH, Gil HS, Lee KT, Roh EJ. Diarylurea derivatives comprising 2,4-diarylpyrimidines: Discovery of novel potential anticancer agents via combined failed-ligands repurposing and molecular hybridization approaches. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kaur H, Samarska I, Lu J, Faisal F, Maughan BL, Murali S, Asrani K, Alshalalfa M, Antonarakis ES, Epstein JI, Joshu CE, Schaeffer EM, Mosquera JM, Lotan TL. Neuroendocrine differentiation in usual-type prostatic adenocarcinoma: Molecular characterization and clinical significance. Prostate 2020; 80:1012-1023. [PMID: 32649013 PMCID: PMC9524879 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas of the prostate classically lose androgen receptor (AR) expression, may harbor loss of the RB1, TP53, and PTEN tumor suppressor genes, and are associated with a poor prognosis. However usual-type adenocarcinomas may also contain areas of NE differentiation, and in this context the molecular features and biological significance are less certain. METHODS We examined the molecular phenotype and oncologic outcomes of primary prostate adenocarcinomas with ≥5% NE differentiation (≥5% chromogranin A-positive NE cells in any given tumor spot on tissue microarray) using three independent study sets: a set of tumors with paneth cell-like NE differentiation (n = 26), a retrospective case-cohort of intermediate- and high-risk patients enriched for adverse outcomes (n = 267), and primary tumors from a retrospective series of men with eventual castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide (n = 55). RESULTS Benign NE cells expressed significantly lower quantified AR levels compared with paired benign luminal cells (P < .001). Similarly, paneth-like NE carcinoma cells or carcinoma cells expressing chromogranin A expressed significantly lower quantified AR levels than paired non-NE carcinoma cells (P < .001). Quantified ERG protein expression, was also lower in chromogranin A-labeled adenocarcinoma cells compared with unlabeled cells (P < .001) and tumors with NE differentiation showed lower gene expression scores for AR activity compared with those without. Despite evidence of lower AR signaling, adenocarcinomas with NE differentiation did not differ by prevalence of TP53 missense mutations, or PTEN or RB1 loss, compared with those without NE differentiation. Finally, NE differentiation was not associated with time to metastasis in intermediate- and high-risk patients (P = .6 on multivariate analysis), nor with progression-free survival in patients with CRPC treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide (P = .9). CONCLUSION NE differentiation in usual-type primary prostate adenocarcinoma is a molecularly and clinically distinct form of lineage plasticity from that occurring in small cell NE carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimar Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jiayun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Farzana Faisal
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Benjamin L. Maughan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sanjana Murali
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kaushal Asrani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Jonathan I. Epstein
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Corinne E. Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Edward M. Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Tamara L. Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Palanisamy N, Yang J, Shepherd PDA, Li-Ning-Tapia EM, Labanca E, Manyam GC, Ravoori MK, Kundra V, Araujo JC, Efstathiou E, Pisters LL, Wan X, Wang X, Vazquez ES, Aparicio AM, Carskadon SL, Tomlins SA, Kunju LP, Chinnaiyan AM, Broom BM, Logothetis CJ, Troncoso P, Navone NM. The MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX) Captures the Molecular Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Facilitates Marker-driven Therapy Development. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4933-4946. [PMID: 32576626 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advances in prostate cancer lag behind other tumor types partly due to the paucity of models reflecting key milestones in prostate cancer progression. Therefore, we develop clinically relevant prostate cancer models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Since 1996, we have generated clinically annotated patient-derived xenografts (PDXs; the MDA PCa PDX series) linked to specific phenotypes reflecting all aspects of clinical prostate cancer. RESULTS We studied two cell line-derived xenografts and the first 80 PDXs derived from 47 human prostate cancer donors. Of these, 47 PDXs derived from 22 donors are working models and can be expanded either as cell lines (MDA PCa 2a and 2b) or PDXs. The histopathologic, genomic, and molecular characteristics (androgen receptor, ERG, and PTEN loss) maintain fidelity with the human tumor and correlate with published findings. PDX growth response to mouse castration and targeted therapy illustrate their clinical utility. Comparative genomic hybridization and sequencing show significant differences in oncogenic pathways in pairs of PDXs derived from different areas of the same tumor. We also identified a recurrent focal deletion in an area that includes the speckle-type POZ protein-like (SPOPL) gene in PDXs derived from seven human donors of 28 studied (25%). SPOPL is a SPOP paralog, and SPOP mutations define a molecular subclass of prostate cancer. SPOPL deletions are found in 7% of The Cancer Genome Atlas prostate cancers, which suggests that our cohort is a reliable platform for targeted drug development. CONCLUSIONS The MDA PCa PDX series is a dynamic resource that captures the molecular landscape of prostate cancers progressing under novel treatments and enables optimization of prostate cancer-specific, marker-driven therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter D A Shepherd
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elsa M Li-Ning-Tapia
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Estefania Labanca
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Murali K Ravoori
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vikas Kundra
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John C Araujo
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Louis L Pisters
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinhai Wan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elba S Vazquez
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Quimica Biologica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shannon L Carskadon
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lakshmi P Kunju
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bradley M Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nora M Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Telomere lengths differ significantly between small-cell neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Hum Pathol 2020; 101:70-79. [PMID: 32389660 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) of the prostate is an aggressive subtype with frequent TP53 mutation and RB1 inactivation; however, the molecular phenotype remains an area of investigation. Here, we compared telomere lengths in prostatic SCNC and usual-type prostatic adenocarcinoma (AdCa). We studied 32 cases of prostatic SCNC (including 11 cases with concurrent AdCa) and 347 cases of usual-type AdCa on tissue microarrays. Telomere lengths in tumor cells were qualitatively compared with those in normal cells using a telomere-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. ERG, PTEN, and TP53 status were assessed in a proportion of cases using genetically validated immunohistochemistry protocols. Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of cases were compared between the telomere groups using the chi-square test.A significantly higher proportion of prostatic SCNC cases (50%, 16/32) showed normal/long telomeres compared with AdCa cases (11%, 39/347; P < 0.0001). In 82% (9/11) of cases with concurrent SCNC and AdCa, the paired components were concordant for telomere length status. Among AdCa cases, the proportion of cases with normal/long telomeres significantly increased with increasing tumor grade group (P = 0.01) and pathologic stage (P = 0.02). Cases with normal/long telomeres were more likely to be ERG positive (P = 0.04) and to have TP53 missense mutation (P = 0.01) than cases with short telomeres.Normal or long telomere lengths are significantly more common in prostatic SCNC than in AdCa and are similar between concurrent SCNC and AdCa tumors, supporting a common origin. Among AdCa cases, longer telomere lengths are significantly associated with high-risk pathologic and molecular features.
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Flavone-based arylamides as potential anticancers: Design, synthesis and in vitro cell-based/cell-free evaluations. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Dong S, Liang J, Zhai W, Yu Z. Common and distinct features of potentially predictive biomarkers in small cell lung carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung by systematic and integrated analysis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1126. [PMID: 31981472 PMCID: PMC7057089 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC) and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) are neuroendocrine neoplasms. However, the underlying mechanisms of common and distinct genetic characteristics between LCNEC and SCLC are currently unclear. Herein, protein expression profiles and possible interactions with miRNAs were provided by integrated bioinformatics analysis, in order to explore core genes associated with tumorigenesis and prognosis in SCLC and LCNEC. METHODS GSE1037 gene expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LCNEC and SCLC, as compared with normal lung tissues, were selected using the GEO2R online analyzer and Venn diagram software. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The biological pathway analysis was performed using the FunRich database. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was generated using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and displayed via Cytoscape software. The PPI network was analyzed by the Molecular Complex Detection app from Cytoscape, and 16 upregulated hub genes were selected. The Oncomine database was used to detect expression patterns of hub genes for validation. Furthermore, the biological pathways of these 16 hub genes were re-analyzed, and potential interactions between these genes and miRNAs were explored via FunRich. RESULTS A total of 384 DEGs were identified. A Venn diagram determined 88 common DEGs. The PPI network was constructed with 48 nodes and 221 protein pairs. Among them, 16 hub genes were extracted, 14 of which were upregulated in SCLC samples, as compared with normal lung specimens, and 10 were correlated with the cell cycle pathway. Furthermore, 57 target miRNAs for 8 hub genes were identified, among which 31 miRNAs were correlated with the progression of carcinoma, drug-resistance, radio-sensitivity, or autophagy in lung cancer. CONCLUSION This study provided effective biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for diagnosis and prognosis of SCLC and LCNEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Dong
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Resistance to MET/VEGFR2 Inhibition by Cabozantinib Is Mediated by YAP/TBX5-Dependent Induction of FGFR1 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010244. [PMID: 31963871 PMCID: PMC7016532 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to elucidate the role of FGFR1 induction in acquired resistance to MET and VEGFR2 inhibition by cabozantinib in prostate cancer (PCa) and leverage this understanding to improve therapy outcomes. The response to cabozantinib was examined in mice bearing patient-derived xenografts in which FGFR1 was overexpressed. Using a variety of cell models that reflect different PCa disease states, the mechanism underpinning FGFR1 signaling activation by cabozantinib was investigated. We performed parallel investigations in specimens from cabozantinib-treated patients to confirm our in vitro and in vivo data. FGFR1 overexpression was sufficient to confer resistance to cabozantinib. Our results demonstrate transcriptional activation of FGF/FGFR1 expression in cabozantinib-resistant models. Further analysis of molecular pathways identified a YAP/TBX5-driven mechanism of FGFR1 and FGF overexpression induced by MET inhibition. Importantly, knockdown of YAP and TBX5 led to decreased FGFR1 protein expression and decreased mRNA levels of FGFR1, FGF1, and FGF2. This association was confirmed in a cohort of hormone-naïve patients with PCa receiving androgen deprivation therapy and cabozantinib, further validating our findings. These findings reveal that the molecular basis of resistance to MET inhibition in PCa is FGFR1 activation through a YAP/TBX5-dependent mechanism. YAP and its downstream target TBX5 represent a crucial mediator in acquired resistance to MET inhibitors. Thus, our studies provide insight into the mechanism of acquired resistance and will guide future development of clinical trials with MET inhibitors.
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Tzelepi V, Logotheti S, Efstathiou E, Troncoso P, Aparicio A, Sakellakis M, Hoang A, Perimenis P, Melachrinou M, Logothetis C, Zolota V. Epigenetics and prostate cancer: defining the timing of DNA methyltransferase deregulation during prostate cancer progression. Pathology 2019; 52:218-227. [PMID: 31864524 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) regulate gene expression by methylating cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides. Aberrant methylation patterns have been shown in a variety of human tumours including prostate cancer. However, the expression of DNMTs in clinical samples across the spectrum of prostate cancer progression has not been studied before. Tissue microarrays were constructed from the prostatectomy specimens of 309 patients across the spectrum of prostate cancer progression: hormone-naïve low-grade prostate cancer (n=49), hormone-naïve high-grade prostate cancer (n=151), hormonally treated high-grade prostate cancer (n=65), and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) including neuroendocrine carcinoma (n=44). Adjacent non-neoplastic parenchyma was also available in 100 patients. In 71 patients with high-grade carcinoma and lymph node metastasis, tissue from the metastasis was also available for analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and DNMT3L. Our results showed that DNMT1 and DNMT3L were upregulated early in prostate cancer progression, whereas DNMT2 was upregulated as a response to androgen ablation. DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B were higher in the late stages of prostate cancer progression, i.e., the emergence of castrate resistance and androgen-independent growth. Lastly, DNMT1, DNMT2, and DNMT3L were upregulated in lymph node metastases compared to primary carcinomas. Our results highlight a cascade of epigenetic events in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, Greece.
| | - Souzana Logotheti
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Ana Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Minas Sakellakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Anh Hoang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Petros Perimenis
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Melachrinou
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, Greece
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Lv S, Xu X, Wu Z. Identification of key candidate genes and pathways in endometrial cancer: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6679-6689. [PMID: 31807178 PMCID: PMC6876294 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Although researchers are exploring the biological processes of tumorigenesis and development of EC, the gene interactions and biological pathways of EC are not accurately verified. In the present study, bioinformatics methods were used to screen for key candidate genes and pathways that were associated with EC and to reveal the possible mechanisms at molecular level. Microarray datasets (GSE63678, GSE17025 and GSE3013) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were downloaded and 118 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected using a Venn diagram. Functional enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed, including the module analysis. A total of 11 hub genes were identified from the DEGs, and functional enrichment analyses were performed to clarify their possible biological processes. A total of 118 DEGs were selected from three mRNA datasets. Functional enrichment demonstrated 27 downregulated genes that were primarily involved in the positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, protein binding and the nucleus. A total of 91 upregulated DEGs were mainly associated with cell division, protein binding and the nucleus. Pathway analysis indicated that the downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways associated with cancer, and the upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in the cell cycle. The 11 hub genes were primarily enriched in the cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, the p53 signaling pathway and viral carcinogenesis. The integrated analysis showed that cyclin B1, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 C and cell division cycle 20 may participate in the tumorigenesis, development and invasion of EC. In conclusion, the hub genes and pathways identified in the present study contributed to the understanding of carcinogenesis and progression of EC at the mechanistic and molecular-biological level. As candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of EC, these genes deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
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Cheng S, Yu X. Bioinformatics analyses of publicly available NEPCa datasets. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:327-340. [PMID: 31763364 PMCID: PMC6872473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression profiles are valuable resources for the identification of key players that driver disease progression. However, neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPCa) specimens are rare, limiting research on this aggressive disease. In this study, we generated a 12-gene signature of NEPCa and used this signature to differentiate NEPCa from prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPCa) samples in publicly available datasets. From these samples, we identified genes that were differentially expressed in NEPCa and AdPCa. Gene ontology and network analyses revealed key players in the pathogenesis of NEPCa, including E2Fs, members of MHC class II, and factors involved in neuron differentiation, neurogenesis, and stem cell signaling. In conclusion, we identified a 12-gene signature of NEPCa and found pathways that are important for the pathologic development of NEPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health-Shreveport Shreveport, USA
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health-Shreveport Shreveport, USA
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45
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Corn PG, Heath EI, Zurita A, Ramesh N, Xiao L, Sei E, Li-Ning-Tapia E, Tu SM, Subudhi SK, Wang J, Wang X, Efstathiou E, Thompson TC, Troncoso P, Navin N, Logothetis CJ, Aparicio AM. Cabazitaxel plus carboplatin for the treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers: a randomised, open-label, phase 1-2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:1432-1443. [PMID: 31515154 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxane-platinum combinations have shown promising activity in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers in single-group clinical studies but not in randomised trials. Distinct biological subsets of the disease might derive the greatest benefit from the addition of platinum. We aimed to determine whether adding carboplatin to cabazitaxel would improve the outcomes of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. METHODS We did a phase 1-2, open label, randomised study at two centres in men with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In phase 1, patients received intravenous cabazitaxel 20-25 mg/m2 and intravenous carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 3-4 mg/mL per min every 21 days. The maximum tolerated dose was defined as the highest dose cohort studied in which one of six or fewer patients experienced a dose-limiting toxicity. In phase 2, patients were randomly assigned (1:1) centrally by a computerised algorithm to intravenous cabazitaxel 25 mg/m2 with or without intravenous carboplatin AUC 4 mg/mL per min. All patients received growth factor support and oral prednisone 10 mg daily. The primary endpoints were the maximum tolerated dose of the combination in phase 1 and investigator-assessed progression-free survival in phase 2. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01505868. FINDINGS Between Aug 17, 2012, and May 11, 2015, nine patients completed phase 1 as planned, and 160 were randomly assigned to cabazitaxel (n=79) or cabazitaxel plus carboplatin (n=81) in phase 2. During phase I, grade 3 adverse events were anaemia (n=2), fatigue (n=1), thrombocytopenia (n=1), hypomagnesaemia (n=1), diarrhoea (n=1), hypokalaemia (n=1), anorexia (n=1), and dehydration (n=1), and no grade 4 adverse events occurred. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, therefore, a maximum tolerated dose of cabazitaxel of 25 mg/m2 and carboplatin of AUC 4 mg/mL per min was selected for phase 2. At a median follow-up of 31·0 months (IQR 20·5-37·1), the combination improved the median progression-free survival from 4·5 months (95% CI 3·5-5·7) to 7·3 months (95% CI 5·5-8·2; hazard ratio 0·69, 95% CI 0·50-0·95, p=0·018). In the phase 2 study, the most common grade 3-5 adverse events were fatigue (7 [9%] of 79 in the cabazitaxel group vs 16 [20%] of 81 in the combination group), anaemia (3 [4%] vs 19 [23%]), neutropenia (3 [4%] vs 13 [16%]), and thrombocytopenia (1 [1%] vs 11 [14%]). There were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION Carboplatin added to cabazitaxel showed improved clinical efficacy compared with cabazitaxel alone for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Although adverse events were more common with the combination, the treatment was safe and generally well tolerated. Our data suggest that taxane-platinum combinations have a clinically beneficial role in advanced prostate cancer and a randomised phase 3 study is planned. FUNDING Sanofi Genzyme, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Prostate Cancer Moon Shot Program, and Solon Scott III Prostate Cancer Research Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elisabeth I Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Amado Zurita
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Ramesh
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emi Sei
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elsa Li-Ning-Tapia
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shi-Ming Tu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas Navin
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana M Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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46
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Zacharias N, Lee J, Ramachandran S, Shanmugavelandy S, McHenry J, Dutta P, Millward S, Gammon S, Efstathiou E, Troncoso P, Frigo DE, Piwnica-Worms D, Logothetis CJ, Maity SN, Titus MA, Bhattacharya P. Androgen Receptor Signaling in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Alters Hyperpolarized Pyruvate to Lactate Conversion and Lactate Levels In Vivo. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:86-94. [PMID: 29748904 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Androgen receptor (AR) signaling affects prostate cancer (PCa) growth, metabolism, and progression. Often, PCa progresses from androgen-sensitive to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) following androgen-deprivation therapy. Clinicopathologic and genomic characterizations of CRPC tumors lead to subdividing CRPC into two subtypes: (1) AR-dependent CRPC containing dysregulation of AR signaling alterations in AR such as amplification, point mutations, and/or generation of splice variants in the AR gene; and (2) an aggressive variant PCa (AVPC) subtype that is phenotypically similar to small cell prostate cancer and is defined by chemotherapy sensitivity, gain of neuroendocrine or pro-neural marker expression, loss of AR expression, and combined alterations of PTEN, TP53, and RB1 tumor suppressors. Previously, we reported patient-derived xenograft (PDX) animal models that contain characteristics of these CRPC subtypes. In this study, we have employed the PDX models to test metabolic alterations in the CRPC subtypes. PROCEDURES Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis along with in vivo hyperpolarized 1-[13C]pyruvate spectroscopy experiments were performed on prostate PDX animal models. RESULTS Using hyperpolarized 1-[13C]pyruvate conversion to 1-[13C]lactate in vivo as well as lactate measurements ex vivo, we have found increased lactate production in AR-dependent CRPC PDX models even under low-hormone levels (castrated mouse) compared to AR-negative AVPC PDX models. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis underscores the potential of hyperpolarized metabolic imaging in determining the underlying biology and in vivo phenotyping of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Sumankalai Ramachandran
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sriram Shanmugavelandy
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - James McHenry
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Steven Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Seth Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sankar N Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark A Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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47
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Kim S, Thaper D, Bidnur S, Toren P, Akamatsu S, Bishop JL, Colins C, Vahid S, Zoubeidi A. PEG10 is associated with treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:39-49. [PMID: 31013476 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation of advanced prostate adenocarcinoma following androgen receptor (AR) axis-directed therapy is becoming increasingly recognized. Several models of this transdifferentiation provide insight into its molecular pathogenesis and have highlighted the placental gene PEG10 for further study. Using our unique model of enzalutamide resistance (ENZR) and NE differentiation, we studied PEG10/AR interplay in enzalutamide treatment-resistant cell lines 42DENZR and 42FENZR compared to LNCaP and castration-resistant 16DCRPC cells. ENZR cell lines with positive terminal NE marker status also displayed higher baseline expression of PEG10 compared to LNCaP and 16DCRPC. Antagonism of AR activity increased PEG10 expression followed by an increase in terminal NE markers. Conversely, stimulating AR activity via androgen supplementation reversed PEG10 and NE marker expression in a time and dose-dependent manner. These results were supported by human data showing that PEG10 expression is highest in NEPC and that AR-dependent gene, PSA, is negatively correlated with PEG10 in adenocarcinoma. Further, ChIP assay confirmed binding of activated AR to the PEG10 enhancer, decreasing PEG10 expression. While PEG10 did not drive NEPC, its knockdown reduced NE markers in our cell lines. Moreover, PEG10 knockdown in vitro- and in vivo-attenuated tumor growth. Overall, these observations indicate that PEG10 is an AR-repressed gene which modulates NE markers in ENZR cells and targeting PEG10 in advanced prostate cancer with NE features is a rational and viable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Kim
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daksh Thaper
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samir Bidnur
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Toren
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Colin Colins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sepideh Vahid
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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48
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Berger A, Brady NJ, Bareja R, Robinson B, Conteduca V, Augello MA, Puca L, Ahmed A, Dardenne E, Lu X, Hwang I, Bagadion AM, Sboner A, Elemento O, Paik J, Yu J, Barbieri CE, Dephoure N, Beltran H, Rickman DS. N-Myc-mediated epigenetic reprogramming drives lineage plasticity in advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3924-3940. [PMID: 31260412 DOI: 10.1172/jci127961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death. A subset of castration resistant prostate cancers become androgen receptor (AR) signaling-independent and develop neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) features through lineage plasticity. These NEPC tumors, associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis, are driven, in part, by aberrant expression of N-Myc, through mechanisms that remain unclear. Integrative analysis of the N-Myc transcriptome, cistrome and interactome using in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo models (including patient-derived organoids) identified a lineage switch towards a neural identity associated with epigenetic reprogramming. N-Myc and known AR-co-factors (e.g., FOXA1 and HOXB13) overlapped, independently of AR, at genomic loci implicated in neural lineage specification. Moreover, histone marks specifically associated with lineage-defining genes were reprogrammed by N-Myc. We also demonstrated that the N-Myc-induced molecular program accurately classifies our cohort of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Finally, we revealed the potential for EZH2 inhibition to reverse the N-Myc-induced suppression of epithelial lineage genes. Altogether, our data provide insights on how N-Myc regulates lineage plasticity and epigenetic reprogramming associated with lineage-specification. The N-Myc signature we defined could also help predict the evolution of prostate cancer and thus better guide the choice of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rohan Bareja
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
| | - Brian Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Adnan Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Xiaodong Lu
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Inah Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | - Andrea Sboner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, and.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, and.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher E Barbieri
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.,Department of Urology, and.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Noah Dephoure
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.,Department of Medicine.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David S Rickman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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49
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Laudato S, Aparicio A, Giancotti FG. Clonal Evolution and Epithelial Plasticity in the Emergence of AR-Independent Prostate Carcinoma. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:440-455. [PMID: 31311658 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In spite of an initial clinical response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the majority of prostate cancer patients eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recent studies have highlighted the role of epithelial plasticity, including transdifferentiation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in the development of AR pathway-negative CRPC, a form of the disease that has increased in incidence after the introduction of potent AR inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss the switches between different cell fates that occur in response to AR blockade or acquisition of specific oncogenic mutations, such as those in TP53 and RB1, during the evolution to CRPC. We highlight the urgent need to dissect the mechanistic underpinnings of these transitions and identify novel vulnerabilities that can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Laudato
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. )
| | - Ana Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Filippo G Giancotti
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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50
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Luo J, Wang K, Yeh S, Sun Y, Liang L, Xiao Y, Xu W, Niu Y, Cheng L, Maity SN, Jiang R, Chang C. LncRNA-p21 alters the antiandrogen enzalutamide-induced prostate cancer neuroendocrine differentiation via modulating the EZH2/STAT3 signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2571. [PMID: 31189930 PMCID: PMC6561926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the antiandrogen enzalutamide (Enz) extends the castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients' survival an extra 4.8 months, it might also result in some adverse effects via inducing the neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). Here we found that lncRNA-p21 is highly expressed in the NEPC patients derived xenograft tissues (NEPC-PDX). Results from cell lines and human clinical sample surveys also revealed that lncRNA-p21 expression is up-regulated in NEPC and Enz treatment could increase the lncRNA-p21 to induce the NED. Mechanism dissection revealed that Enz could promote the lncRNA-p21 transcription via altering the androgen receptor (AR) binding to different androgen-response-elements, which switch the EZH2 function from histone-methyltransferase to non-histone methyltransferase, consequently methylating the STAT3 to promote the NED. Preclinical studies using the PDX mouse model proved that EZH2 inhibitor could block the Enz-induced NED. Together, these results suggest targeting the Enz/AR/lncRNA-p21/EZH2/STAT3 signaling may help urologists to develop a treatment for better suppression of the human CRPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Keliang Wang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Urology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yin Sun
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Urology, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shanxi, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA
| | - Sankar N Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Runze Jiang
- Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangmen, 529000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, Biology and The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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