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Bower JE, Ganz PA, Irwin MR, Crespi CM, Petersen L, Asher A, Hurvitz SA, Cole SW. Type I interferons, inflammation, and fatigue in a longitudinal RNA study of women with breast cancer. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:312-317. [PMID: 38325563 PMCID: PMC11095951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a common side effect of cancer and its treatment and is thought to be driven in part by activation of the proinflammatory cytokine network. However, the cellular and molecular underpinnings of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) have not been determined, nor have immune pathways beyond inflammation been carefully investigated. The goal of this study was to examine the association between CRF and activation of canonical proinflammatory gene regulation pathways and Type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathways in breast cancer patients during and after treatment. METHODS Women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer (n = 181) completed assessments before and after treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy and at 6, 12, and 18-month post-treatment follow-ups. Assessments included self-reported fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory - Short Form) and expression of pre-specified sets of Type I IFN and pro-inflammatory immune response genes determined from mRNA sequencing of PBMCs. Mixed effect linear models examined changes in fatigue and immune gene expression over time and tested the hypothesis that fatigue would be associated with increased expression of Type I IFN and inflammatory response genes. RESULTS There were significant changes in fatigue and immune gene expression across the assessment period; all measures increased from pre- to post-treatment but showed diverging patterns over the follow-up, with declines in fatigue and persistent elevations in Type I IFN and proinflammatory gene expression. In mixed effect linear models, expression of Type I IFN response genes was elevated in association with fatigue across the assessment period, from pre-treatment to 18-month follow-up. In contrast, pro-inflammatory gene expression was associated with fatigue only at 6, 12, and 18-month follow-ups. Analyses controlling for changes in leukocyte subsets continued to show a significant association between fatigue and Type I IFN gene expression but reduced the time-dependent association with pro-inflammatory gene expression to non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed unexpected complexity in the immune underpinnings of CRF and identify a novel role for IFN signaling as a robust contributor to this symptom before, during, and after treatment. Pro-inflammatory gene expression emerged as a predictor of fatigue later in the cancer trajectory, and that effect was primarily accounted for by a concurrent increase in monocyte prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne E Bower
- UCLA Department of Psychology, United States; UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, United States; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States.
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States; UCLA Schools of Medicine and Public Health, United States
| | - Michael R Irwin
- UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, United States; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, United States
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States; UCLA Department of Biostatistics, United States
| | | | - Arash Asher
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, United States
| | - Sara A Hurvitz
- University of Washington Department of Medicine, United States; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Steve W Cole
- UCLA Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, United States; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, United States; UCLA Department of Medicine, United States
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2
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Huang X, Ren Q, Yang L, Cui D, Ma C, Zheng Y, Wu J. Immunogenic chemotherapy: great potential for improving response rates. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1308681. [PMID: 38125944 PMCID: PMC10732354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1308681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of anti-tumor immunity is critical in treating cancers. Recent studies indicate that several chemotherapy agents can stimulate anti-tumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death and durably eradicate tumors. This suggests that immunogenic chemotherapy holds great potential for improving response rates. However, chemotherapy in practice has only had limited success in inducing long-term survival or cure of cancers when used either alone or in combination with immunotherapy. We think that this is because the importance of dose, schedule, and tumor model dependence of chemotherapy-activated anti-tumor immunity is under-appreciated. Here, we review immune modulation function of representative chemotherapy agents and propose a model of immunogenic chemotherapy-induced long-lasting responses that rely on synergetic interaction between killing tumor cells and inducing anti-tumor immunity. We comb through several chemotherapy treatment schedules, and identify the needs for chemotherapy dose and schedule optimization and combination therapy with immunotherapy when chemotherapy dosage or immune responsiveness is too low. We further review tumor cell intrinsic factors that affect the optimal chemotherapy dose and schedule. Lastly, we review the biomarkers indicating responsiveness to chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy treatments. A deep understanding of how chemotherapy activates anti-tumor immunity and how to monitor its responsiveness can lead to the development of more effective chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy, thereby improving the efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghuan Ren
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leixiang Yang
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Cui
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yueliang Zheng
- Cancer Center, Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Moschella F, Buccione C, Ruspantini I, Castiello L, Rozo Gonzalez A, Iacobone F, Ferraresi V, Palermo B, Nisticò P, Belardelli F, Proietti E, Macchia I, Urbani F. Blood immune cells as potential biomarkers predicting relapse-free survival of stage III/IV resected melanoma patients treated with peptide-based vaccination and interferon-alpha. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1145667. [PMID: 37274275 PMCID: PMC10233106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1145667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the recent approval of several therapies in the adjuvant setting of melanoma, tumor relapse still occurs in a significant number of completely resected stage III-IV patients. In this context, the use of cancer vaccines is still relevant and may increase the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We previously demonstrated safety, immunogenicity and preliminary evidence of clinical efficacy in stage III/IV resected melanoma patients subjected to a combination therapy based on peptide vaccination together with intermittent low-dose interferon-α2b, with or without dacarbazine preconditioning (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search, identifier: 2008-008211-26). In this setting, we then focused on pre-treatment patient immune status to highlight possible factors associated with clinical outcome. Methods Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to identify baseline immune profiles in patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells and correlation with the patient clinical outcome. Receiver operating characteristic curve, Kaplan-Meier survival and principal component analyses were used to evaluate the predictive power of the identified markers. Results We identified 12 different circulating T and NK cell subsets with significant (p ≤ 0.05) differential baseline levels in patients who later relapsed with respect to patients who remained free of disease. All 12 parameters showed a good prognostic accuracy (AUC>0.7, p ≤ 0.05) and 11 of them significantly predicted the relapse-free survival. Remarkably, 3 classifiers also predicted the overall survival. Focusing on immune cell subsets that can be analyzed through simple surface staining, three subsets were identified, namely regulatory T cells, CD56dimCD16- NK cells and central memory γδ T cells. Each subset showed an AUC>0.8 and principal component analysis significantly grouped relapsing and non-relapsing patients (p=0.034). These three subsets were used to calculate a combination score that was able to perfectly distinguish relapsing and non-relapsing patients (AUC=1; p=0). Noticeably, patients with a combined score ≥2 demonstrated a strong advantage in both relapse-free (p=0.002) and overall (p=0.011) survival as compared to patients with a score <2. Discussion Predictive markers may be used to guide patient selection for personalized therapies and/or improve follow-up strategies. This study provides preliminary evidence on the identification of peripheral blood immune biomarkers potentially capable of predicting the clinical response to combined vaccine-based adjuvant therapies in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Moschella
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Buccione
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Rozo Gonzalez
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Iacobone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Ferraresi
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Belinda Palermo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Proietti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Macchia
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Urbani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine PhD School, II University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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CD4 + T cells drive an inflammatory, TNF-α/IFN-rich tumor microenvironment responsive to chemotherapy. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111874. [PMID: 36577370 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment for many cancers, it is still unclear what distinguishes responders from non-responders. Here, we characterize the chemotherapy-responsive tumor microenvironment in mice, using RNA sequencing on tumors before and after cyclophosphamide, and compare the gene expression profiles of responders with progressors. Responsive tumors have an inflammatory and highly immune infiltrated pre-treatment tumor microenvironment characterized by the enrichment of pathways associated with CD4+ T cells, interferons (IFNs), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The same gene expression profile is associated with response to cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Finally, we demonstrate that tumors can be sensitized to cyclophosphamide and 5-FU chemotherapy by pre-treatment with recombinant TNF-α, IFNγ, and poly(I:C). Thus, a CD4+ T cell-inflamed pre-treatment tumor microenvironment is necessary for response to chemotherapy, and this state can be therapeutically attained by targeted immunotherapy.
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Tumor immune contexture is a determinant of anti-CD19 CAR T cell efficacy in large B cell lymphoma. Nat Med 2022; 28:1872-1882. [PMID: 36038629 PMCID: PMC9499856 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy approved for relapsed/refractory large B cell lymphoma (LBCL) and has treatment with similar efficacy across conventional LBCL subtypes. Toward patient stratification, we assessed whether tumor immune contexture influenced clinical outcomes after axi-cel. We evaluated the tumor microenvironment (TME) of 135 pre-treatment and post-treatment tumor biopsies taken from 51 patients in the ZUMA-1 phase 2 trial. We uncovered dynamic patterns that occurred within 2 weeks after axi-cel. The biological associations among Immunoscore (quantification of tumor-infiltrating T cell density), Immunosign 21 (expression of pre-defined immune gene panel) and cell subsets were validated in three independent LBCL datasets. In the ZUMA-1 trial samples, clinical response and overall survival were associated with pre-treatment immune contexture as characterized by Immunoscore and Immunosign 21. Circulating CAR T cell levels were associated with post-treatment TME T cell exhaustion. TME enriched for chemokines (CCL5 and CCL22), γ-chain receptor cytokines (IL-15, IL-7 and IL-21) and interferon-regulated molecules were associated with T cell infiltration and markers of activity. Finally, high density of regulatory T cells in pre-treatment TME associated with reduced axi-cel–related neurologic toxicity. These findings advance the understanding of LBCL TME characteristics associated with clinical responses to anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy and could foster biomarker development and treatment optimization for patients with LBCL. Analysis of tumor biopsies from the pivotal phase 1/2 ZUMA-1 trial identifies pre-treatment T cell–related characteristics that are associated with clinical response and neurologic toxicity after anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy in patients with large B cell lymphoma.
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Shenasa E, Stovgaard ES, Jensen MB, Asleh K, Riaz N, Gao D, Leung S, Ejlertsen B, Laenkholm AV, Nielsen TO. Neither Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes nor Cytotoxic T Cells Predict Enhanced Benefit from Chemotherapy in the DBCG77B Phase III Clinical Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153808. [PMID: 35954471 PMCID: PMC9367267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Apart from the direct killing of cancer cells, cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy has been shown to induce an antitumor immune response, and is being used in combination with immunotherapies in cancer care. We assessed the interaction of chemotherapy with immune biomarkers expressed on primary tumor tissue from a randomized phase III clinical trial, and confirmed that the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is linked to improved survival in premenopausal women with high-risk breast cancer, regardless of their treatment allocation. However, immune biomarkers including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes do not predict extra benefit from cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. This finding applies across the major molecular subgroups, including non-luminal and basal breast cancers that tend to be more immunogenic, and are often considered the most suitable subsets for receiving immunotherapy. Abstract Recent studies have shown that immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment play a role in response to therapy, with some suggesting that patients with immunogenic tumors may receive increased benefit from chemotherapies. We evaluated this hypothesis in early breast cancer by testing the interaction between immune biomarkers and chemotherapy using materials from DBCG77B, a phase III clinical trial where high-risk premenopausal women were randomized to receive chemotherapy or no chemotherapy. Tissue microarrays were evaluated for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) assessed morphologically on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides, and by immunohistochemistry for CD8, FOXP3, LAG-3, PD-1 and PD-L1. Following REMARK reporting guidelines, data analyses were performed according to a prespecified statistical plan, using 10-year invasive disease-free survival as the endpoint. Differences in survival probabilities between biomarker groups were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard ratio analyses and prediction for treatment benefit by an interaction test. Our results showed that stromal TILs were associated with an improved prognosis (HR = 0.93; p-value = 0.03), consistent with previous studies. However, none of the immune biomarkers predicted benefit from chemotherapy in the full study set nor within major breast cancer subtypes. Our study indicates that primary tumors with higher immune infiltration do not derive extra benefit from cyclophosphamide-based cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Shenasa
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3Z6, BC, Canada
| | | | - Maj-Britt Jensen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karama Asleh
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3Z6, BC, Canada
| | - Nazia Riaz
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3Z6, BC, Canada
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3Z6, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel Leung
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3Z6, BC, Canada
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Vibeke Laenkholm
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3Z6, BC, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Manils J, Marruecos L, Soler C. Exonucleases: Degrading DNA to Deal with Genome Damage, Cell Death, Inflammation and Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142157. [PMID: 35883600 PMCID: PMC9316158 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although DNA degradation might seem an unwanted event, it is essential in many cellular processes that are key to maintaining genomic stability and cell and organism homeostasis. The capacity to cut out nucleotides one at a time from the end of a DNA chain is present in enzymes called exonucleases. Exonuclease activity might come from enzymes with multiple other functions or specialized enzymes only dedicated to this function. Exonucleases are involved in central pathways of cell biology such as DNA replication, repair, and death, as well as tuning the immune response. Of note, malfunctioning of these enzymes is associated with immune disorders and cancer. In this review, we will dissect the impact of DNA degradation on the DNA damage response and its links with inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Manils
- Serra Húnter Programme, Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Laura Marruecos
- Breast Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Concepció Soler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Luo Y, Tao T, Tao R, Huang G, Wu S. Single-Cell Transcriptome Comparison of Bladder Cancer Reveals Its Ecosystem. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818147. [PMID: 35265520 PMCID: PMC8899594 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and the underlying biological behavior is still poorly understood. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on four clinical samples of different grades from three patients, and 26,792 cell transcriptomes were obtained revealing different tumor ecosystems. We found that N-glycan biosynthesis pathway was activated in high-grade tumor, but TNF-related pathway was activated in cystitis glandularis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of different samples showed great heterogeneity. Notably, cystitis glandularis was dominated by T cells, low-grade and high-grade tumors by macrophages, while TME in patient with high-grade relapse by stromal cells. Our research provides single-cell transcriptome profiles of cystitis glandularis and BLCA in different clinical states, and the biological program revealed by single-cell data can be used as biomarkers related to clinical prognosis in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Luo
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guixiao Huang
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urological Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Ye Z, Shi Y, Lees-Miller SP, Tainer JA. Function and Molecular Mechanism of the DNA Damage Response in Immunity and Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:797880. [PMID: 34970273 PMCID: PMC8712645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is an organized network of multiple interwoven components evolved to repair damaged DNA and maintain genome fidelity. Conceptually the DDR includes damage sensors, transducer kinases, and effectors to maintain genomic stability and accurate transmission of genetic information. We have recently gained a substantially improved molecular and mechanistic understanding of how DDR components are interconnected to inflammatory and immune responses to stress. DDR shapes both innate and adaptive immune pathways: (i) in the context of innate immunity, DDR components mainly enhance cytosolic DNA sensing and its downstream STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING)-dependent signaling; (ii) in the context of adaptive immunity, the DDR is needed for the assembly and diversification of antigen receptor genes that is requisite for T and B lymphocyte development. Imbalances between DNA damage and repair impair tissue homeostasis and lead to replication and transcription stress, mutation accumulation, and even cell death. These impacts from DDR defects can then drive tumorigenesis, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and aberrant immune responses. Yet, DDR deficiency or inhibition can also directly enhance innate immune responses. Furthermore, DDR defects plus the higher mutation load in tumor cells synergistically produce primarily tumor-specific neoantigens, which are powerfully targeted in cancer immunotherapy by employing immune checkpoint inhibitors to amplify immune responses. Thus, elucidating DDR-immune response interplay may provide critical connections for harnessing immunomodulatory effects plus targeted inhibition to improve efficacy of radiation and chemotherapies, of immune checkpoint blockade, and of combined therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susan P. Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John A. Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Franzese O, Torino F, Giannetti E, Cioccoloni G, Aquino A, Faraoni I, Fuggetta MP, De Vecchis L, Giuliani A, Kaina B, Bonmassar E. Abscopal Effect and Drug-Induced Xenogenization: A Strategic Alliance in Cancer Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910672. [PMID: 34639014 PMCID: PMC8509363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current state of cancer treatment is still far from being satisfactory considering the strong impairment of patients' quality of life and the high lethality of malignant diseases. Therefore, it is critical for innovative approaches to be tested in the near future. In view of the crucial role that is played by tumor immunity, the present review provides essential information on the immune-mediated effects potentially generated by the interplay between ionizing radiation and cytotoxic antitumor agents when interacting with target malignant cells. Therefore, the radiation-dependent abscopal effect (i.e., a biological effect of ionizing radiation that occurs outside the irradiated field), the influence of cancer chemotherapy on the antigenic pattern of target neoplastic cells, and the immunogenic cell death (ICD) caused by anticancer agents are the main topics of this presentation. It is widely accepted that tumor immunity plays a fundamental role in generating an abscopal effect and that anticancer drugs can profoundly influence not only the host immune responses, but also the immunogenic pattern of malignant cells. Remarkably, several anticancer drugs impact both the abscopal effect and ICD. In addition, certain classes of anticancer agents are able to amplify already expressed tumor-associated antigens (TAA). More importantly, other drugs, especially triazenes, induce the appearance of new tumor neoantigens (TNA), a phenomenon that we termed drug-induced xenogenization (DIX). The adoption of the abscopal effect is proposed as a potential therapeutic modality when properly applied concomitantly with drug-induced increase in tumor cell immunogenicity and ICD. Although little to no preclinical or clinical studies are presently available on this subject, we discuss this issue in terms of potential mechanisms and therapeutic benefits. Upcoming investigations are aimed at evaluating how chemical anticancer drugs, radiation, and immunotherapies are interacting and cooperate in evoking the abscopal effect, tumor xenogenization and ICD, paving the way for new and possibly successful approaches in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Franzese
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisa Giannetti
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (E.G.)
| | - Giorgia Cioccoloni
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK
| | - Angelo Aquino
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Isabella Faraoni
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Maria Pia Fuggetta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Liana De Vecchis
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Anna Giuliani
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Enzo Bonmassar
- School of Medicine, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (O.F.); (G.C.); (A.A.); (I.F.); (L.D.V.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.F.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (E.B.)
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11
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Zhao H, Li Z, Gao Y, Li J, Zhao X, Yue W. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Portraying Functional Diversity and Clinical Implications of IFI6 in Ovarian Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:677697. [PMID: 34513825 PMCID: PMC8425592 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.677697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies. Most patients die of metastasis due to a lack of other treatments aimed at improving the prognosis of OC patients. In the present study, we use multiple methods to identify prognostic S1 as the dominant subtype in OC, possessing the most ligand-receptor pairs with other cell types. Based on markers of S1, the consensus clustering algorithm is used to explore the clinical treatment subtype in OC. As a result, we identify two clusters associated with distinct survival and drug response. Notably, IFI6 contributes to the cluster classification and seems to be a vital gene in OC carcinogenesis. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrates that its functions involve G2M and cisplatin resistance, and downregulation of IFI6 suppresses proliferation capabilities and significantly potentiates cisplatin-induced apoptosis of OC cells in vitro. To explore possible mechanisms of IFI6 influencing OC proliferation and cisplatin resistance, GSEA is conducted and shows that IFI6 is positively correlated with the NF-κB pathway, which is validated by RT-qPCR. Significantly, we develop a prognostic model including IFI6, RiskScore, which is an independent prognostic factor and presents encouraging prognostic values. Our findings provide novel insights into elucidating the biology of OC based on single-cell RNA-sequencing. Moreover, this approach is potentially helpful for personalized anti-cancer strategies and predicting outcomes in the setting of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhefeng Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Hsu PY, Mammadova A, Benkirane-Jessel N, Désaubry L, Nebigil CG. Updates on Anticancer Therapy-Mediated Vascular Toxicity and New Horizons in Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:694711. [PMID: 34386529 PMCID: PMC8353082 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.694711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular toxicity is a frequent adverse effect of current anticancer chemotherapies and often results from endothelial dysfunction. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFi), anthracyclines, plant alkaloids, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, and radiation therapy evoke vascular toxicity. These anticancer treatments not only affect tumor vascularization in a beneficial manner, they also damage ECs in the heart. Cardiac ECs have a vital role in cardiovascular functions including hemostasis, inflammatory and coagulation responses, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis. EC damage can be resulted from capturing angiogenic factors, inhibiting EC proliferation, survival and signal transduction, or altering vascular tone. EC dysfunction accounts for the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction, atherothrombosis, microangiopathies, and hypertension. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on vascular toxicity leading to hypertension, microvascular rarefaction thrombosis and atherosclerosis, and affecting drug delivery. We also describe the potential therapeutic approaches such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B and prokineticin receptor-1 agonists to maintain endothelial function during or following treatments with chemotherapeutic agents, without affecting anti-tumor effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Canan G. Nebigil
- INSERM UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, University of Strasbourg, FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de l'Université de Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
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13
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Zhang X, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Yan Z, Wang Q, Li X. Double-edged effects of interferons on the regulation of cancer-immunity cycle. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1929005. [PMID: 34262796 PMCID: PMC8253121 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1929005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a large family of pleiotropic cytokines that regulate both innate and adaptive immunity and show anti-cancer effects in various cancer types. Moreover, it was revealed that IFN signaling plays critical roles in the success of cancer therapy strategies, thereby enhancing their therapeutic effects. However, IFNs have minimal or even adverse effects on cancer eradication, and mediate cancer immune escape in some instances. Thus, IFNs have a double-edged effect on the cancer immune response. Recent studies suggest that IFNs regulate each step of the cancer immunity-cycle, consisting of cancer antigen release, presentation of antigens and activation of T cells, trafficking and infiltration of effector T cells into the tumor microenvironment, and recognition and killing of cancer cells, which contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of IFNs in regulating cancer immunity. In this review, we focus on IFNs and cancer immunity and elaborate on the roles of IFNs in regulating the cancer-immunity cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng City Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng City Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Zhengbin Yan
- Department of Stomatology, the PeopIe's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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14
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de Miguel D, Ramirez-Labrada A, Uranga I, Hidalgo S, Santiago L, Galvez EM, Arias M, Pardo J. Inflammatory cell death induced by cytotoxic lymphocytes: a dangerous but necessary liaison. FEBS J 2021; 289:4398-4415. [PMID: 34174027 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs), and more specifically Tc and NK cells, are the main executors of cell death in the immune system, playing a key role during both immunosurveillance and immunotherapy. These cells induce regulated cell death (RCD) by different mechanisms, being granular exocytosis and expression of death ligands the most prominent and best characterized ones. Apoptosis, a traditionally considered low-inflammatory type of cell death, has been accepted for years as the paradigm of RCD induced by CLs. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that NK cells and Tc cells can also induce more inflammatory forms of cell death, namely, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Activation of these highly inflammatory types of cell death appears to critically contribute to the activation of a successful antitumour immune response. Additionally, the role of specific cell death pathways in immunogenic cell death is still under intense debate, especially considering the interconnections with other inflammatory forms of cell death. These evidences, together with the advent of new cancer immunotherapies, highlight the necessity to deepen our understanding of the link between the cell death triggered by CLs and inflammation. This knowledge will be instrumental to maximize the antitumour potential of immunotherapies, minimizing deleterious effects associated with these treatments. In this review, we will briefly summarize the main features of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, to subsequently discuss the most recent evidences about the role of these RCD pathways during the elimination of cancer cells mediated by CLs and its modulation to increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Miguel
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ariel Ramirez-Labrada
- Unidad de Nanotoxicología e Inmunotoxicología (UNATI), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iratxe Uranga
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sandra Hidalgo
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Maykel Arias
- Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragón I + D Foundation (ARAID), Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Peng Y, Dong S, Yang Z, Song Y, Ding J, Hou D, Wang L, Zhang Z, Li N, Wang H. Identification of docetaxel-related biomarkers for prostate cancer. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14079. [PMID: 34021502 DOI: 10.1111/and.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) which was the second commonly diagnosed malignancy, contributed to the top fifth carcinoma death in men. Nevertheless, the main chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel came to failure due to chemoresistance. Recently, increasing evidence suggested the importance of tumour microenvironment (TME) in PCa. The present study aimed to explore the specific TME in PCa and find biomarkers related to both immune infiltration and docetaxel. The docetaxel-specific genes and differential expression genes comparing PCa with normal control samples were derived using DESeq2 and zinbwave with GSE140440, TCGA and GTEx datasets. Immune-infiltration-related genes were identified using CIBERSORT and co-expression network analysis. Key genes related to both docetaxel and immune infiltrating in PCa, including nine genes, namely ZNF486, IFI6, TMOD2, HSPA4L, ITPR1, LRRC37A7P, APOC1, APOBEC3G, and ITGA2, were determined by overlapping above three gene sets. ITGA2 was then defined as the hub gene for its significant prognostic implications. Further validations conducted on Oncomine, GEO, TISIDB, MSigDB, and The Human Protein Atlas confirmed the docetaxel-specific and immune infiltrating characteristics of ITGA2. To sum up, our findings could provide a better understanding of immune infiltrating and docetaxel-resistance in PCa, mostly, ITGA2 could serve as potential prognosis biomarkers and targets for the combination of docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqiang Dong
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhikai Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Ding
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingkun Hou
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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16
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Five decades of low intensity and low survival: adapting intensified regimens to cure pediatric Burkitt lymphoma in Africa. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4007-4019. [PMID: 32841337 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term cure of childhood Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in sub-Saharan Africa after treatment with single-agent cyclophosphamide has been documented for more than half of a century. Contemporary cure rates for the highest-risk patients with BL in high-income countries exceed 90% using intensive multiagent chemotherapy. By contrast, the majority of African children with BL still die. Data spanning 5 decades in Africa have repeatedly shown that the children most likely to achieve cure with limited cyclophosphamide regimens are those with lower-stage disease isolated to the jaw. Attempts to intensify the cyclophosphamide monotherapy backbone with the addition of vincristine, low-dose methotrexate, prednisone, doxorubicin, and/or low-dose cytarabine have not yielded significant improvement. High-dose methotrexate is a critical component in the treatment of childhood BL worldwide. Although initial efforts in Africa to incorporate high-dose methotrexate resulted in high treatment-related mortality, more recent collaborative experiences from North and West Africa, as well as Central America, demonstrate that it can be administered safely and effectively, despite limitations in supportive care resources. Recognizing the unacceptable disparity in curative outcomes for BL between the United States/Europe and equatorial Africa, there is a critical need to safely adapt contemporary treatment regimens to optimize curative outcomes amid the resource limitations in regions where BL is endemic. Here, we critically review reports of BL treatment outcomes from low- and middle-income countries, in addition to data from high-income countries that predated modern intensified regimens, to identify potential strategies to improve the therapeutic approach for children suffering from BL in sub-Saharan Africa.
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17
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Pre-conditioning modifies the TME to enhance solid tumor CAR T cell efficacy and endogenous protective immunity. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2335-2349. [PMID: 33647456 PMCID: PMC8261088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has led to impressive clinical responses in patients with hematological malignancies; however, its effectiveness in patients with solid tumors has been limited. While CAR T cells for the treatment of advanced prostate and pancreas cancer, including those targeting prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), are being clinically evaluated and are anticipated to show bioactivity, their safety and the impact of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) have not been faithfully explored preclinically. Using a novel human PSCA knockin (hPSCA-KI) immunocompetent mouse model, we evaluated the safety and therapeutic efficacy of PSCA-CAR T cells. We demonstrated that cyclophosphamide (Cy) pre-conditioning significantly modified the immunosuppressive TME and was required to uncover the efficacy of PSCA-CAR T cells in metastatic prostate and pancreas cancer models, with no observed toxicities in normal tissues with endogenous expression of PSCA. This combination dampened the immunosuppressive TME, generated pro-inflammatory myeloid and T cell signatures in tumors, and enhanced the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells, as well as endogenous and adoptively transferred T cells, resulting in long-term anti-tumor immunity.
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18
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Elevation in viral entry genes and innate immunity compromise underlying increased infectivity and severity of COVID-19 in cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4533. [PMID: 33633121 PMCID: PMC7907391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have reported a doubling in risk of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) among cancer patients. Here, we examine the potential biological rationale behind this recurrent epidemiological observation. By leveraging large-scale genome-wide transcriptional data of normal and malignant tissues from adults and children, we found evidence of increased expression of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry genes in the cancer state, particularly in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tract tissues, with decreased expression in pediatric vs. adult samples. Additionally, by interrogating the temporal effects of radiotherapy on human peripheral blood mononuclear and mucosal cells, we observed important treatment-related alterations in host innate immunity, specifically type I interferon responses. Overall, cancers enhance expression of critical viral entry genes, and innate viral defenses can be dysregulated transiently during radiation treatments. These factors may contribute to the observed increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 entry and severity of COVID-19 in cancer patients.
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19
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Zhang J, Yu S, Hu W, Wang M, Abudoureyimu D, Luo D, Li T, Long L, Zeng H, Cheng C, Lei Z, Teng J, Kang X. Comprehensive Analysis of Cell Population Dynamics and Related Core Genes During Vitiligo Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:627092. [PMID: 33679890 PMCID: PMC7933673 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.627092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common immune-related depigmentation condition, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study used a combination of bioinformatics methods and expression analysis techniques to explore the relationship between immune cell infiltration and gene expression in vitiligo. Previously reported gene expression microarray data from the skin (GSE53146 and GSE75819) and peripheral blood (GSE80009 and GSE90880) of vitiligo patients and healthy controls was used in the analysis. R software was used to filter the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each dataset, and the KOBAS 2.0 server was used to perform functional enrichment analysis. Compared with healthy controls, the upregulated genes in skin lesions and peripheral blood leukocytes of vitiligo patents were highly enriched in immune response pathways and inflammatory response signaling pathways. Immunedeconv software and the EPIC method were used to analyze the expression levels of marker genes to obtain the immune cell population in the samples. In the lesional skin of vitiligo patients, the proportions of macrophages, B cells and NK cells were increased compared with healthy controls. In the peripheral blood of vitiligo patients, CD8+ T cells and macrophages were significantly increased. A coexpression analysis of the cell populations and DEGs showed that differentially expressed immune and inflammation response genes had a strong positive correlation with macrophages. The TLR4 receptor pathway, interferon gamma-mediated signaling pathway and lipopolysaccharide-related pathway were positively correlated with CD4+ T cells. Regarding immune response-related genes, the overexpression of IFITM2, TNFSF10, GZMA, ADAMDEC1, NCF2, ADAR, SIGLEC16, and WIPF2 were related to macrophage abundance, while the overexpression of ICOS, GPR183, RGS1, ILF2 and CD28 were related to CD4+ T cell abundance. GZMA and CXCL10 expression were associated with CD8+ T cell abundance. Regarding inflammatory response-related genes, the overexpression of CEBPB, ADAM8, CXCR3, and TNIP3 promoted macrophage infiltration. Only ADORA1 expression was associated with CD4+ T cell infiltration. ADAM8 and CXCL10 expression were associated with CD8+ T cell abundance. The overexpression of CCL18, CXCL10, FOS, NLRC4, LY96, HCK, MYD88, and KLRG1, which are related to inflammation and immune responses, were associated with macrophage abundance. We also found that immune cells infiltration in vitiligo was associated with antigen presentation-related genes expression. The genes and pathways identified in this study may point to new directions for vitiligo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Shirong Yu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Dilinuer Abudoureyimu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Linglong Long
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Zixian Lei
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianan Teng
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Medical School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
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20
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B Cells and Antibodies as Targets of Therapeutic Intervention in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010037. [PMID: 33419217 PMCID: PMC7825598 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The first description of neuromyelitis optica by Eugène Devic and Fernand Gault dates back to the 19th century, but only the discovery of aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in a major subset of affected patients in 2004 led to a fundamentally revised disease concept: Neuromyelits optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are now considered autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, bringing the pivotal pathogenetic role of B cells and plasma cells into focus. Not long ago, there was no approved medication for this deleterious disease and off-label therapies were the only treatment options for affected patients. Within the last years, there has been a tremendous development of novel therapies with diverse treatment strategies: immunosuppression, B cell depletion, complement factor antagonism and interleukin-6 receptor blockage were shown to be effective and promising therapeutic interventions. This has led to the long-expected official approval of eculizumab in 2019 and inebilizumab in 2020. In this article, we review current pathogenetic concepts in NMOSD with a focus on the role of B cells and autoantibodies as major contributors to the propagation of these diseases. Lastly, by highlighting promising experimental and future treatment options, we aim to round up the current state of knowledge on the therapeutic arsenal in NMOSD.
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21
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Yang N, Liu Z, Pang S, Wu J, Liang J, Sun L. Predicative value of IFITM2 in renal clear cell carcinoma: IFITM2 is associated with lymphatic metastasis and poor clinical outcome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:157-164. [PMID: 33308825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC), is an inflammation-related malignancy with poor therapeutic outcome. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 (IFITM2), an inflammation related gene, is reported to promote tumor progression via inducing cytokine release and lymphatic metastasis. However, IFITM2's role in ccRCC remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of IFITM2 in ccRCC. In vitro studies displayed overexpressed IFITM2 level in tumor tissues, while analysis of 538 cases from TCGA unveiled the correlation of upregulated-IFITM2 with shorter survival. Migration and invasion of ccRCC were inhibited following the downregulation of IFITM2. Cocultured with IFITM2-silenced ccRCC cells, human lymphatic endothelial cells were inhibited in proliferation, migration and tube formation, indicating that lymphangiognesis was contributed by IFITM2 expression. Taken together, IFITM2 promotes ccRCC progression by inducing malignant characteristics and lymphatic metastasis. Therefore, IFITM2 represents a promising novel target for therapy and effective prediction of malignancy of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shiyu Pang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junguang Liang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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22
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Bracci L, Fragale A, Gabriele L, Moschella F. Towards a Systems Immunology Approach to Unravel Responses to Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582744. [PMID: 33193392 PMCID: PMC7649803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, holds a great promise against cancer. These treatments have markedly improved survival in solid as well as in hematologic tumors previously considered incurable. However, durable responses occur in a fraction of patients, and existing biomarkers (e.g. PD-L1) have shown limited prediction power. This scenario highlights the need to dissect the complex interplay between immune and tumor cells to identify reliable biomarkers of response to be used for patients’ selection. In this context, systems immunology represents indeed the new frontier to address important clinical challenges in biomarker discovery. Through the integration of multiple layers of data obtained with several high-throughput approaches, systems immunology may give insights on the vast range of inter-individual differences and on the influences of genes and factors that cooperatively shape the individual immune response to a given treatment. In this Mini Review, we give an overview of the current high-throughput methodologies, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and multi-parametric phenotyping suitable for systems immunology as well as on the key steps of data integration and biological interpretation. Additionally, we review recent studies in which multi-omics technologies have been used to characterize mechanisms of response and to identify powerful biomarkers of response to checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, dendritic cell-based and peptide-based cancer vaccines. We also highlight the need of favoring the collaboration of researchers with complementary expertise and of integrating multi-omics data into biological networks with the final goal of developing accurate markers of therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bracci
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Moschella
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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23
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Jin N, Lera RF, Yan RE, Guo F, Oxendine K, Horner VL, Hu Y, Wan J, Mattison RJ, Weaver BA, Burkard ME. Chromosomal instability upregulates interferon in acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:627-638. [PMID: 32557940 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) generates genetic and karyotypic diversity that is common in hematological malignancies. Low to moderate levels of CIN are well tolerated and can promote cancer proliferation. However, high levels of CIN are lethal. Thus, CIN may serve both as a prognostic factor to predict clinical outcome and as a predictive biomarker. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate CIN in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Chromosome mis-segregation frequency was correlated with clinical outcome in bone marrow core biopsy specimens from 17 AML cases. Additionally, we induced chromosome segregation errors in AML cell lines with AZ3146, an inhibitor of the Mps1 mitotic checkpoint kinase, to quantify the phenotypic effects of high CIN. We observed a broad distribution of chromosome mis-segregation frequency in AML bone marrow core specimens. High CIN correlated with complex karyotype in AML, as expected, although there was no clear survival effect. In addition to CIN, experimentally inducing chromosome segregation errors by Mps1 inhibition in AML cell lines causes DNA damage, micronuclei formation, and upregulation of interferon stimulated genes. High levels of CIN appear to be immunostimulatory, suggesting an opportunity to combine mitotic checkpoint inhibitors with immunotherapy in treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert F Lera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rachel E Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Fen Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kim Oxendine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vanessa L Horner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan J Mattison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Beth A Weaver
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark E Burkard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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24
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Differential Effects of MS Therapeutics on B Cells-Implications for Their Use and Failure in AQP4-Positive NMOSD Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145021. [PMID: 32708663 PMCID: PMC7404039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are considered major contributors to multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology. While lately approved disease-modifying drugs like ocrelizumab deplete B cells directly, most MS medications were not primarily designed to target B cells. Here, we review the current understanding how approved MS medications affect peripheral B lymphocytes in humans. These highly contrasting effects are of substantial importance when considering these drugs as therapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), a frequent differential diagnosis to MS, which is considered being a primarily B cell- and antibody-driven diseases. Data indicates that MS medications, which deplete B cells or induce an anti-inflammatory phenotype of the remaining ones, were effective and safe in aquaporin-4 antibody positive NMOSD. In contrast, drugs such as natalizumab and interferon-β, which lead to activation and accumulation of B cells in the peripheral blood, lack efficacy or even induce catastrophic disease activity in NMOSD. Hence, we conclude that the differential effect of MS drugs on B cells is one potential parameter determining the therapeutic efficacy or failure in antibody-dependent diseases like seropositive NMOSD.
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25
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Kang KW, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Lee BH, Kim SJ, Park Y, Kim BS. Etoposide-mediated interleukin-8 secretion from bone marrow stromal cells induces hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:619. [PMID: 32615949 PMCID: PMC7330970 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed the mechanism of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization using etoposide with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and determined how this mechanism differs from that induced by cyclophosphamide with G-CSF or G-CSF alone. Methods We compared the clinical features of 173 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients who underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT). Additionally, we performed in vitro experiments to assess the changes in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs), which support the HSCs in the bone marrow (BM) niche, following cyclophosphamide or etoposide exposure. We also performed animal studies under standardized conditions to ensure the following: exclude confounding factors, mimic the conditions in clinical practice, and identify the changes in the BM niche caused by etoposide-induced chemo-mobilization or other mobilization methods. Results Retrospective analysis of the clinical data revealed that the etoposide with G-CSF mobilization group showed the highest yield of CD34+ cells and the lowest change in white blood cell counts during mobilization. In in vitro experiments, etoposide triggered interleukin (IL)-8 secretion from the BMSCs and caused long-term BMSC toxicity. To investigate the manner in which the hBMSC-released IL-8 affects hHSCs in the BM niche, we cultured hHSCs with or without IL-8, and found that the number of total, CD34+, and CD34+/CD45- cells in IL-8-treated cells was significantly higher than the respective number in hHSCs cultured without IL-8 (p = 0.014, 0.020, and 0.039, respectively). Additionally, the relative expression of CXCR2 (an IL-8 receptor), and mTOR and c-MYC (components of IL-8-related signaling pathways) increased 1 h after IL-8 treatment. In animal studies, the etoposide with G-CSF mobilization group presented higher IL-8-related cytokine and MMP9 expression and lower SDF-1 expression in the BM, compared to the groups not treated with etoposide. Conclusion Collectively, the unique mechanism of etoposide with G-CSF-induced mobilization is associated with IL-8 secretion from the BMSCs, which is responsible for the enhanced proliferation and mobilization of HSCs in the bone marrow; this was not observed with mobilization using cyclophosphamide with G-CSF or G-CSF alone. However, the long-term toxicity of etoposide toward BMSCs emphasizes the need for the development of more efficient and safe chemo-mobilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Won Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea. .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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26
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Neophytou CM, Pierides C, Christodoulou MI, Costeas P, Kyriakou TC, Papageorgis P. The Role of Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Modulating Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:899. [PMID: 32656079 PMCID: PMC7325995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells include various cellular subtypes that are distinguished into mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, derived from either common myeloid progenitor cells (CMPs) or myeloid stem cells. They play pivotal roles in innate immunity since, following invasion by pathogens, myeloid cells are recruited and initiate phagocytosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines into local tissues. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests that myeloid cells may also regulate cancer development by infiltrating the tumor to directly interact with cancer cells or by affecting the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), can have either a positive or negative impact on the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as targeted anti-cancer therapies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), profusely found in the tumor stroma, can promote resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as Taxol and Paclitaxel, whereas the suppression of TAMs can lead to an improved radiotherapy outcome. On the contrary, the presence of TAMs may be beneficial for targeted therapies as they can facilitate the accumulation of large quantities of nanoparticles carrying therapeutic compounds. Tumor infiltrating DCs, however, are generally thought to enhance cytotoxic therapies, including those using anthracyclines. This review focuses on the role of tumor-infiltrating and stroma myeloid cells in modulating tumor responses to various treatments. We herein report the impact of myeloid cells in a number of therapeutic approaches across a wide range of malignancies, as well as the efforts toward the elimination of myeloid cells or the exploitation of their presence for the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana M Neophytou
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chryso Pierides
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Paul Costeas
- The Center for the Study of Haematological Malignancies, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus Cancer Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- European University Research Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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27
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Urbani F, Ferraresi V, Capone I, Macchia I, Palermo B, Nuzzo C, Torsello A, Pezzotti P, Giannarelli D, Pozzi AF, Santaquilani M, Roazzi P, Bastucci S, Catricalà C, La Malfa A, Vercillo G, Gualtieri N, Buccione C, Castiello L, Cognetti F, Nisticò P, Belardelli F, Moschella F, Proietti E. Clinical and Immunological Outcomes in High-Risk Resected Melanoma Patients Receiving Peptide-Based Vaccination and Interferon Alpha, With or Without Dacarbazine Preconditioning: A Phase II Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:202. [PMID: 32211314 PMCID: PMC7069350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies based on novel rationales and mechanisms of action of chemotherapy agents and cytokines can contribute to the development of new concepts and strategies of antitumor combination therapies. In previous studies, we investigated the paradoxical immunostimulating effects of some chemotherapeutics and the immunoadjuvant activity of interferon alpha (IFN-α) in preclinical and clinical models, thus unraveling novel rationales and mechanisms of action of chemotherapy agents and cytokines for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we carried out a randomized, phase II clinical trial, in which we analyzed the relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of 34 completely resected stage III–IV melanoma patients, treated with peptide-based vaccination (Melan-A/MART-1 and NY-ESO-1) in combination with IFN-α2b, with (arm 2) or without (arm 1) dacarbazine preconditioning. All patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. At a median follow-up of 4.5 years (interquartile range, 15.4–81.0 months), the rates of RFS were 52.9 and 35.3% in arms 1 and 2, respectively. The 4.5-year OS rates were 68.8% in arm 1 and 62.7% in arm 2. No significant differences were observed between the two arms for both RFS and OS. Interestingly, the RFS and OS curves remained stable starting from 18 and 42 months, respectively. Grade 3 adverse events occurred in 5.9% of patients, whereas grade 4 events were not observed. Both treatments induced a significant expansion of vaccine-specific CD8+ T cells, with no correlation with the clinical outcome. However, treatment-induced increase of polyfunctionality and of interleukin 2 production by Melan-A–specific CD8+ T cells and expansion/activation of natural killer cells correlated with RFS, being observed only in nonrelapsing patients. Despite the recent availability of different therapeutic options, low-cost, low-toxic therapies with long-lasting clinical effects are still needed in patients with high-risk resected stage III/IV melanoma. The combination of peptide vaccination with IFN-α2b showed a minimal toxicity profile and resulted in encouraging RFS and OS rates, justifying further evaluation in clinical trials, which may include the use of checkpoint inhibitors to further expand the antitumor immune response and the clinical outcome. Clinical Trial Registration:https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search, identifier: 2008-008211-26
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Urbani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Ferraresi
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Imerio Capone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Macchia
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Belinda Palermo
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Nuzzo
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Torsello
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- Department of Infectious Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistical Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Fausta Pozzi
- Hospital Pharmacia, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Roazzi
- Health Technology Assessement, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bastucci
- Clinical Trial Center, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonia La Malfa
- Hospital Pharmacia, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vercillo
- Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Novella Gualtieri
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Buccione
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cognetti
- Department of Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federica Moschella
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Proietti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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28
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Leong WI, Ames RY, Haverkamp JM, Torres L, Kline J, Bans A, Rocha L, Gallotta M, Guiducci C, Coffman RL, Janatpour MJ. Low-dose metronomic cyclophosphamide complements the actions of an intratumoral C-class CpG TLR9 agonist to potentiate innate immunity and drive potent T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. Oncotarget 2019; 10:7220-7237. [PMID: 31921384 PMCID: PMC6944447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic oligonucleotide SD-101 is a potent and specific agonist for toll-like receptor 9. Intratumoral injection of SD-101 induces significant anti-tumor immunity in preclinical and clinical studies, especially when combined with PD-1 blockade. To build upon this strategy, we studied the enhancement of SD-101 activities by combination with low-dose cyclophosphamide, a well-characterized agent with potentially complementary activities. In multiple mouse tumor models, we demonstrate substantial anti-tumor activity of the combination, compared to each single agent. Combination therapy generated CD8+ T cell dependent immunity leading to rejection of both non-injected and injected tumors and long-term survival, even in very large tumors. Mechanistic studies encompassing global gene expression changes and characterization of immune cell infiltrates show the rapid, sequential induction of innate and adaptive responses and identify discrete contributions of SD-101 and cyclophosphamide. Importantly, these changes were prominent in tumors not injected directly with SD-101. Combination treatment resulted in creation of a permissive environment for a systemic anti-tumor immune response, including a reduction of intratumoral regulatory T cells (Tregs) and an increase in "M1" versus "M2" tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotypes. Additionally, we observed increased immunogenic cell death as well as antigen processing in response to combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng In Leong
- Dynavax Technologies, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Torres
- Dynavax Technologies, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Janine Kline
- Dynavax Technologies, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Ashil Bans
- Dynavax Technologies, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Lauren Rocha
- Dynavax Technologies, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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29
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Pan Y, Lu F, Fei Q, Yu X, Xiong P, Yu X, Dang Y, Hou Z, Lin W, Lin X, Zhang Z, Pan M, Huang H. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals compartmental remodeling of tumor-infiltrating immune cells induced by anti-CD47 targeting in pancreatic cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:124. [PMID: 31771616 PMCID: PMC6880569 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) responds poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPi). While the mechanism is not completely clear, it has been recognized that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays key roles. We investigated if targeting CD47 with a monoclonal antibody could enhance the response of PDAC to ICPi by altering the TME. Methods Using immunohistochemistry, we examined tumor-infiltrating CD68+ pan-macrophages (CD68+ M) and CD163+ M2 macrophages (CD163+ M2) and tumor expression of CD47 and PD-L1 proteins in 106 cases of PDAC. The efficacy of CD47 blockade was examined in xenograft models. CD45+ immune cells from syngeneic tumor models were subjected to single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) by using the 10x Genomics pipeline. Results We found that CD47 expression correlated with the level of CD68+ M but not CD163+ M2. High levels of tumor-infiltrating CD68+ M, CD163+ M2, and CD47 expression were significantly associated with worse survival. CD47high/CD68+ Mhigh and CD47high/CD163+ M2high correlated significantly with shorter survival, whereas CD47low/CD68+ Mlow and CD47low/CD163+ M2low correlated with longer survival. Intriguingly, CD47 blockade decreased the tumor burden in the Panc02 but not in the MPC-83 syngeneic mouse model. Using scRNA-seq, we showed that anti-CD47 treatment significantly remodeled the intratumoral lymphocyte and macrophage compartments in Panc02 tumor-bearing mice by increasing the pro-inflammatory macrophages that exhibit anti-tumor function, while reducing the anti-inflammatory macrophages. Moreover, CD47 blockade not only increased the number of intratumoral CD8+ T cells, but also remodeled the T cell cluster toward a more activated one. Further, combination therapy targeting both CD47 and PD-L1 resulted in synergistic inhibition of PDAC growth in the MPC-83 but not in Panc02 model. MPC-83 but not Panc02 mice treated with both anti-CD47 and anti-PD-L1 showed increased number of PD-1+CD8+ T cells and enhanced expression of key immune activating genes. Conclusion Our data indicate that CD47 targeting induces compartmental remodeling of tumor-infiltrating immune cells of the TME in PDAC. Different PDAC mouse models exhibited differential response to the anti-CD47 and anti-PD-L1 blockade due to the differential effect of this combination treatment on the infiltrating immune cells and key immune activating genes in the TME established by the different PDAC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Fengchun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qinglin Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xingxing Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ping Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xunbin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yuan Dang
- Department of Comparative medicine, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team (Dongfang Hospital), Xiamen University Medical College, 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zelin Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wenji Lin
- Department of Radiology, Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xianchao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zheyang Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Minggui Pan
- Department of Oncology and Hematology and Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Clara, CA, 95051, USA
| | - Heguang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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30
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Du B, Waxman DJ. Medium dose intermittent cyclophosphamide induces immunogenic cell death and cancer cell autonomous type I interferon production in glioma models. Cancer Lett 2019; 470:170-180. [PMID: 31765733 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide treatment on a medium-dose, intermittent chemotherapy (MEDIC) schedule activates both innate and adaptive immunity leading to major regression of implanted gliomas. Here, we show that this MEDIC treatment regimen induces tumor cell autonomous type-I interferon signaling, followed by release of soluble factors that activate interferon-stimulated genes in both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In cultured GL261 and CT-2A glioma cells, activated cyclophosphamide stimulated production and release of type-I interferons, leading to robust activation of downstream gene targets. Antibody against the type-I interferon receptor IFNAR1 blocked the cyclophosphamide-stimulated induction of these genes in both cultured glioma cells and implanted gliomas. Furthermore, IFNAR1 antibody strongly inhibited the MEDIC cyclophosphamide-stimulated increases in tumor cell infiltration of macrophages, dendritic cells, B-cells, as well as natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-cells and their cytotoxic effectors. Finally, cyclophosphamide-treated dying glioma cells producing type-I interferons were an effective vaccine against drug-naïve glioma cells implanted in vivo. Thus, cyclophosphamide induces local, tumor cell-centric increases in type-I interferon signaling, which activates immunogenic cell death and is essential for the striking antitumor immune responses that MEDIC cyclophosphamide treatment elicits in these glioma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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31
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Maes K, Breckpot K. Commentary: Immunogenic Cell Death and Immunotherapy of Multiple Myeloma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:149. [PMID: 31417904 PMCID: PMC6684735 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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32
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Rivera Vargas T, Apetoh L. Can Immunogenic Chemotherapies Relieve Cancer Cell Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors? Front Immunol 2019; 10:1181. [PMID: 31191545 PMCID: PMC6548803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented clinical activity of checkpoint blockade in several types of cancers has formally demonstrated that anti-tumor immune responses are crucial in cancer therapy. Durable responses seen in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) show that they can trigger the establishment of long-lasting immunologic memory. This beneficial outcome is however achieved for a limited number of patients. In addition, late relapses are emerging suggesting the development of acquired resistances that compromise the anticancer efficacy of ICI. How can this be prevented through combination therapies? We here review the functions of immune checkpoints, the successes of ICI in treating cancer and their therapeutic limits. We discuss how conventional cancer therapies can be properly selected to set up combinatorial approaches with ICI leading to treatment improvement. We finally summarize clinical data showing the ongoing progress in cancer treatment involving ICI and chemotherapy combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiz Rivera Vargas
- INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
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33
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Wu J, Waxman DJ. Immunogenic chemotherapy: Dose and schedule dependence and combination with immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 419:210-221. [PMID: 29414305 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy is often immunosuppressive and associated with drug resistance and tumor regrowth after a short period of tumor shrinkage or growth stasis. However, certain cytotoxic cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, including doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and cyclophosphamide, can kill tumor cells by an immunogenic cell death pathway, which activates robust innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses and has the potential to greatly increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. Here, we review studies on chemotherapeutic drug-induced immunogenic cell death, focusing on how the choice of a conventional cytotoxic agent and its dose and schedule impact anti-tumor immune responses. We propose a strategy for effective immunogenic chemotherapy that employs a modified metronomic schedule for drug delivery, which we term medium-dose intermittent chemotherapy (MEDIC). Striking responses have been seen in preclinical cancer models using MEDIC, where an immunogenic cancer chemotherapeutic agent is administered intermittently and at an intermediate dose, designed to impart strong and repeated cytotoxic damage to tumors, and on a schedule compatible with activation of a sustained anti-tumor immune response, thereby maximizing anti-cancer activity. We also discuss strategies for combination chemo-immunotherapy, and we outline approaches to identify new immunogenic chemotherapeutic agents for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wu
- Department of Biology, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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34
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MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Behçet's Disease. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2405150. [PMID: 29854829 PMCID: PMC5964440 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2405150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory multisystem disease characterized by oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of immune responses. Differential expression of miRNAs has been reported in several inflammatory autoimmune diseases; however, their role in BD is not fully elucidated. We aimed to identify miRNA expression signatures associated with BD and to investigate their potential implication in the disease pathogenesis. Methods miRNA microarray analysis was performed in blood cells of BD patients and healthy controls. miRNA expression profiles were analyzed using Affymetrix arrays with a comprehensive coverage of miRNA sequences. Pathway analyses were performed, and the global miRNA profiling was combined with transcriptoma data in BD. Deregulation of selected miRNAs was validated by real-time PCR. Results We identified specific miRNA signatures associated with BD patients with active disease. These miRNAs target pathways relevant in BD, such as TNF, IFN gamma, and VEGF-VEGFR signaling cascades. Network analysis revealed several miRNAs regulating highly connected genes within the BD transcriptoma. Conclusions The combined analysis of deregulated miRNAs and BD transcriptome sheds light on some epigenetic aspects of BD identifying specific miRNAs, which may represent promising candidates as biomarkers and/or for the design of novel therapeutic strategies in BD.
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35
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Gene Expression Profiling in Behcet's Disease Indicates an Autoimmune Component in the Pathogenesis of the Disease and Opens New Avenues for Targeted Therapy. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4246965. [PMID: 29850627 PMCID: PMC5941805 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4246965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory multisystem disease characterized by oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Disease etiopathogenesis is still unclear. We aim to elucidate some aspects of BD pathogenesis and to identify specific gene signatures in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) of patients with active disease using novel gene expression and network analysis. 179 genes were modulated in 10 PBCs of BD patients when compared to 10 healthy donors. Among differentially expressed genes the top enriched gene function was immune response, characterized by upregulation of Th17-related genes and type I interferon- (IFN-) inducible genes. Th17 polarization was confirmed by FACS analysis. The transcriptome identified gene classes (vascular damage, blood coagulation, and inflammation) involved in the pathogenesis of the typical features of BD. Following network analysis, the resulting interactome showed 5 highly connected regions (clusters) enriched in T and B cell activation pathways and 2 clusters enriched in type I IFN, JAK/STAT, and TLR signaling pathways, all implicated in autoimmune diseases. We report here the first combined analysis of the transcriptome and interactome in PBCs of BD patients in the active stage of disease. This approach generates useful insights in disease pathogenesis and suggests an autoimmune component in the origin of BD.
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36
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Zanotto-Filho A, Rajamanickam S, Loranc E, Masamsetti VP, Gorthi A, Romero JC, Tonapi S, Gonçalves RM, Reddick RL, Benavides R, Kuhn J, Chen Y, Bishop AJR. Sorafenib improves alkylating therapy by blocking induced inflammation, invasion and angiogenesis in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 425:101-115. [PMID: 29608984 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular targeted compounds are emerging as a strategy to improve classical chemotherapy. Herein, we describe that using low dose of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib improves cyclophosphamide antitumor activity by inhibiting angiogenesis, metastasis and promoting tumor healing in MDA-MB231 xenografts and the 4T1-12B syngeneic breast cancer metastasis model. Mechanistic studies in MDA-MB231 cells revealed that alkylation upregulates inflammatory genes/proteins such as COX-2, IL8, CXCL2 and MMP1 in a MEK1/2-ERK1/2-dependent manner. These proteins enrich the secretome of cancer cells, stimulating cell invasion and angiogenesis via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Sorafenib inhibits MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway thereby decreasing inflammatory genes and mitigating cell invasion and angiogenesis at basal and alkylation-induced conditions whereas NRF2 and ER stress pathways involved in alkylation survival are not affected. In non-invasive/non-angiogenic breast cancer cells (SKBR3 and MCF7), alkylation did not elicit inflammatory responses with the only sorafenib effect being ERK1/2-independent ROS-dependent cytotoxicity when using higher drug concentrations. In summary, our data show that alkylating agents may elicit inflammatory responses that seems to contribute to malignant progression in specific breast cancer cells. Identifying and targeting drivers of this phenotype may offer opportunities to optimize combined drug regimens between classical chemotherapeutics and targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Subapriya Rajamanickam
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eva Loranc
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - V Pragathi Masamsetti
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aparna Gorthi
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - July Carolina Romero
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sonal Tonapi
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rosangela Mayer Gonçalves
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raymond Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - John Kuhn
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J R Bishop
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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37
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Immune Response to Rotavirus and Gluten Sensitivity. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9419204. [PMID: 29736406 PMCID: PMC5875030 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9419204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is a double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family of Reoviridae. The virus is transmitted by the faecal-oral route and infects intestinal cells causing gastroenteritis. Rotaviruses are the main cause of severe acute diarrhoea in children less than 5 years of age worldwide. In our previous work we have shown a link between rotavirus infection and celiac disease. Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is emerging as new clinical entity lacking specific diagnostic biomarkers which has been reported to occur in 6–10% of the population. Clinical manifestations include gastrointestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms which recede with gluten withdrawal. The pathogenesis of the disease is still unknown. Aim of this work is to clarify some aspects of its pathogenesis using a gene array approach. Our results suggest that NCGS may have an autoimmune origin. This is based both on gene expression data (i.e., TH17-interferon signatures) and on the presence of TH17 cells and of serological markers of autoimmunity in NCGS. Our results also indicate a possible involvement of rotavirus infection in the pathogenesis of nonceliac gluten sensitivity similarly to what we have previously shown in celiac disease.
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38
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Shokeen Y, Sharma NR, Vats A, Taneja V, Minhas S, Jauhri M, Sankaran S, Aggarwal S. Identification of Prognostic and Susceptibility Markers in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Using Next Generation Sequencing. Ethiop J Health Sci 2018; 28:135-146. [PMID: 29983511 PMCID: PMC6016334 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v28i2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is continuously increasing and expected to reach 100,000 patients every year by 2030. Though the discovery of Imatinib Mesylate (IM) has brought a paradigm shift in CML treatment, 20% patients show resistance to this tyrosine kinase inhibiter (TKI). Therefore, it is important to identify markers, which can predict the occurrence and prognosis of CML. Clinical Exome Sequencing, panel of more than 4800 genes, was performed in CML patients to identify prognostic and susceptibility markers in CML. METHODS Enrolled CML patients (n=18) were segregated as IM responders (n=10) and IM failures (n=8) as per European Leukemia Net (ELN), 2013 guidelines. Healthy controls (n=5) were also enrolled. DNA from blood of subjects was subjected to Next Generation Sequencing. Rare mutations present in one patient group and absent in another group were considered as prognostic markers, whereas mutations present in more than 50% patients were considered as susceptibility markers. RESULT Mutations in genes associated with cancer related functions were found in different patient groups. Four variants: rs116201358, rs4014596, rs52897880 and rs2274329 in C8A, UNC93B1, APOH and CA6 genes, respectively, were present in IM responders; whereas rs4945 in MFGE8 was present in IM failures. Mutations in HLA-DRB1 (rs17878951), HLA-DRB5 (rs137863146), RPHN2 (rs193179333), CYP2F1 (rs116958555), KCNJ12 (rs76684759) and FUT3 (rs151218854) were present as susceptibility markers. CONCLUSION The potential genetic markers discovered in this study can help in predicting response to IM as frontline therapy. Susceptibility markers may also be used as panel for individuals prone to have CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogender Shokeen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Pediatric Emergency Consultant, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; School of Bio-Engineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek Vats
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - Vibha Taneja
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Minhas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Jauhri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - Satish Sankaran
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine. UAS Alumini Building, Veterinary College Campus, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, India
| | - Shyam Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi, India
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Chaoul N, Tang A, Desrues B, Oberkampf M, Fayolle C, Ladant D, Sainz-Perez A, Leclerc C. Lack of MHC class II molecules favors CD8 + T-cell infiltration into tumors associated with an increased control of tumor growth. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1404213. [PMID: 29399403 PMCID: PMC5790350 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1404213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are crucial for the maintenance of immune tolerance and homeostasis as well as for preventing autoimmune diseases, but their impact on the survival of cancer patients remains controversial. In the TC-1 mouse model of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related carcinoma, we have previously demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy of the CyaA-E7-vaccine, targeting the HPV-E7 antigen, progressively declines with tumor growth, in correlation with increased intratumoral recruitment of Tregs. In the present study, we demonstrated that these TC-1 tumor-infiltrating Tregs were highly activated, with increased expression of immunosuppressive molecules. Both intratumoral effector CD4+ T-cells (Teffs) and Tregs expressed high levels of PD-1, but anti-PD-1 antibody treatment did not impact the growth of the TC-1 tumor nor restore the therapeutic effect of the CyaA-E7 vaccine. To analyze the mechanisms by which Tregs are recruited to the tumor site, we used MHC-II KO mice with drastically reduced numbers of CD4+ effector T-cells. We demonstrated that these mice still had significant numbers of Tregs in their lymphoid organs which were recruited to the tumor. In MHC-II KO mice, the growth of the TC-1 tumor was delayed in correlation with a strong increase in the intratumoral recruitment of CD8+ T-cells. In addition, in mice that spontaneously rejected their tumors, the infiltration of E7-specific CD8+ T-cells was significantly higher than in MHC-II KO mice with a growing tumor. These results demonstrate that tumor-specific CD8+ T-cells can be efficiently activated and recruited in the absence of MHC class II molecules and of CD4+ T-cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Chaoul
- Département d'immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.,Inserm U1041, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Tang
- Département d'immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.,Inserm U1041, Paris, France
| | - Belinda Desrues
- Département d'immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.,Inserm U1041, Paris, France
| | - Marine Oberkampf
- Département d'immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.,Inserm U1041, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Fayolle
- Département d'immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.,Inserm U1041, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Département de biologie structurale et de chimie, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Sainz-Perez
- Département d'immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.,Inserm U1041, Paris, France
| | - Claude Leclerc
- Département d'immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.,Inserm U1041, Paris, France
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40
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Gul E, Sayar EH, Gungor B, Eroglu FK, Surucu N, Keles S, Guner SN, Findik S, Alpdundar E, Ayanoglu IC, Kayaoglu B, Geckin BN, Sanli HA, Kahraman T, Yakicier C, Muftuoglu M, Oguz B, Cagdas Ayvaz DN, Gursel I, Ozen S, Reisli I, Gursel M. Type I IFN-related NETosis in ataxia telangiectasia and Artemis deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:246-257. [PMID: 29155101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological inflammatory syndromes of unknown etiology are commonly observed in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Artemis deficiency. Similar inflammatory manifestations also exist in patients with STING-associated vasculopathy in infancy (SAVI). OBJECTIVE We sought to test the hypothesis that the inflammation-associated manifestations observed in patients with AT and Artemis deficiency stem from increased type I IFN signature leading to neutrophil-mediated pathological damage. METHODS Cytokine/protein signatures were determined by ELISA, cytometric bead array, or quantitative PCR. Stat1 phosphorylation levels were determined by flow cytometry. DNA species accumulating in the cytosol of patients' cells were quantified microscopically and flow cytometrically. Propensity of isolated polymorhonuclear granulocytes to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was determined using fluorescence microscopy and picogreen assay. Neutrophil reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial stress were assayed using fluorogenic probes, microscopy, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Type I and III IFN signatures were elevated in plasma and peripheral blood cells of patients with AT, Artemis deficiency, and SAVI. Chronic IFN production stemmed from the accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm of AT and Artemis-deficient cells. Neutrophils isolated from patients spontaneously produced NETs and displayed indicators of oxidative and mitochondrial stress, supportive of their NETotic tendencies. A similar phenomenon was also observed in neutrophils from healthy controls exposed to patient plasma samples or exogeneous IFN-α. CONCLUSIONS Type I IFN-mediated neutrophil activation and NET formation may contribute to inflammatory manifestations observed in patients with AT, Artemis deficiency, and SAVI. Thus, neutrophils represent a promising target to manage inflammatory syndromes in diseases with active type I IFN signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Gul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Hazar Sayar
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Bilgi Gungor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fehime Kara Eroglu
- Thorlab, Therapeutic Oligodeoxynucleotide Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naz Surucu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Keles
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sukru Nail Guner
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Siddika Findik
- Department of Pathology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esin Alpdundar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Cihan Ayanoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basak Kayaoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Nur Geckin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Asena Sanli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tamer Kahraman
- Thorlab, Therapeutic Oligodeoxynucleotide Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yakicier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Muftuoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ihsan Gursel
- Thorlab, Therapeutic Oligodeoxynucleotide Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Reisli
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mayda Gursel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Buccione C, Fragale A, Polverino F, Ziccheddu G, Aricò E, Belardelli F, Proietti E, Battistini A, Moschella F. Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing
T
reg depletion,
T
h1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:976-987. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Buccione
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Federica Polverino
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Giovanna Ziccheddu
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Eleonora Aricò
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Enrico Proietti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Angela Battistini
- Department of Infectious DiseasesIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Federica Moschella
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
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42
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Ahmed D, Cassol E. Role of cellular metabolism in regulating type I interferon responses: Implications for tumour immunology and treatment. Cancer Lett 2017; 409:20-29. [PMID: 28888999 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are increasingly recognized for their role in regulating anti-tumour immune responses. However, chronic activation of these pathways can result in immunosuppression and has been linked to poor responses to genotoxic and radiotoxic therapies. Emerging evidence suggests energy, lipid and amino acid metabolism play an important role in regulating and fine tuning type I IFN responses. Further, dysregulation of these processes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic viral infections and autoimmune disorders. Systematic evaluation of these interrelationships in cancer models and patients may have important implications for the development of targeted IFN based anti-cancer therapeutics with minimal toxicity and limited off target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duale Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Iida Y, Harashima N, Motoshima T, Komohara Y, Eto M, Harada M. Contrasting effects of cyclophosphamide on anti-CTL-associated protein 4 blockade therapy in two mouse tumor models. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1974-1984. [PMID: 28787548 PMCID: PMC5623733 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is a promising anticancer therapy, but must be used in combination with other anticancer therapies to increase its therapeutic efficacy. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic drug that shows immune‐modulating effects. In this study, we examined the effect of CP on anti‐CTL‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) blockade therapy in two mouse tumor models. Drastic tumor regression was observed in the CT26 colon carcinoma model after i.p. injection of CP (100 mg/kg) followed by anti‐CTLA‐4 antibody. However, administration in the reverse order increased apoptosis in tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells. In the RENCA renal carcinoma model, the antitumor effect of combination therapy was marginal and the tumor‐bearing state reduced body weight with an increased serum level of interleukin‐6. Interestingly, although CP monotherapy increased myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the spleens of both models, subsequent anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy increased MDSCs only in RENCA‐bearing mice. Additionally, the serum levels of chemokine ligand 2 and C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10 were increased by the combination therapy only in RENCA‐bearing mice and in vivo depletion of Gr‐1+ cells augmented the antitumor effect to some degree. These results reveal a contrasting effect of CP on anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy between the two mouse tumor models. Cyclophosphamide augments the antitumor effect of anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy in CT26‐bearing hosts, whereas CP after anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy attenuates this effect through induction of apoptosis in tumor‐reactive T cells. Alternatively, CP‐induced MDSCs can be increased by anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy only in RENCA‐bearing hosts with an elevated level of interleukin‐6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Iida
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Nanae Harashima
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan.,Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takanobu Motoshima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
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Abstract
Immunotherapy is currently the most rapidly advancing area of clinical oncology, and provides the unprecedented opportunity to effectively treat, and even cure, several previously untreatable malignancies. A growing awareness exists of the fact that the success of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in which the patient's disease can be stabilized well beyond discontinuation of treatment (and occasionally is cured), also relies on the induction of a durable anticancer immune response. Indeed, the local immune infiltrate undergoes dynamic changes that accompany a shift from a pre-existing immune response to a therapy-induced immune response. As a result, the immune contexture, which is determined by the density, composition, functional state and organization of the leukocyte infiltrate of the tumour, can yield information that is relevant to prognosis, prediction of a treatment response and various other pharmacodynamic parameters. Several complementary technologies can be used to explore the immune contexture of tumours, and to derive biomarkers that could enable the adaptation of individual treatment approaches for each patient, as well as monitoring a response to anticancer therapies.
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Bracci L, Sistigu A, Proietti E, Moschella F. The added value of type I interferons to cytotoxic treatments of cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 36:89-97. [PMID: 28693974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) exert anti-proliferative, antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. They are also involved in cell differentiation and anti-tumor defense processes. A growing body of literature indicates that the success of conventional chemotherapeutics, epigenetic drugs, targeted anticancer agents and radiotherapy (RT) relies, at least in part, on the induction of type I IFN signaling in malignant cells, tumor-infiltrating antigen presenting cells or other immune cells within lymphoid organs or blood. The mechanisms underlying type I IFN induction and the clinical consequences of these observations are only beginning to be elucidated. In the present manuscript, we reviewed the recent advances in the field and provided our personal view on the role of type I IFNs induced in the context of cytotoxic anticancer treatments and on its possible exploitation as a complement in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bracci
- Unit of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of General Pathology and Physiopathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Proietti
- Unit of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Moschella
- Unit of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Dolcino M, Tinazzi E, Pelosi A, Patuzzo G, Moretta F, Lunardi C, Puccetti A. Gene Expression Analysis before and after Treatment with Adalimumab in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Identifies Molecular Pathways Associated with Response to Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040127. [PMID: 28441778 PMCID: PMC5406874 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is still unknown and the identification of the involved molecular pathogenetic pathways is a current challenge in the study of the disease. Adalimumab (ADA), an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha agent, is used in the treatment of AS. We aimed at identifying pathogenetic pathways modified by ADA in patients with a good response to the treatment. Gene expression analysis of Peripheral Blood Cells (PBC) from six responders and four not responder patients was performed before and after treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were submitted to functional enrichment analysis and network analysis, followed by modules selection. Most of the DEGs were involved in signaling pathways and in immune response. We identified three modules that were mostly impacted by ADA therapy and included genes involved in mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase, wingless related integration site (Wnt), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor, and Toll-like receptor (TCR) signaling. A separate analysis showed that a higher percentage of DEGs was modified by ADA in responders (44%) compared to non-responders (12%). Moreover, only in the responder group, TNF, Wnt, TLRs and type I interferon signaling were corrected by the treatment. We hypothesize that these pathways are strongly associated to AS pathogenesis and that they might be considered as possible targets of new drugs in the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dolcino
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pelosi
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Patuzzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | | | - Claudio Lunardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Antonio Puccetti
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Musella M, Manic G, De Maria R, Vitale I, Sistigu A. Type-I-interferons in infection and cancer: Unanticipated dynamics with therapeutic implications. Oncoimmunology 2017. [PMID: 28638743 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1314424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
If there is a great new hope in the treatment of cancer, the immune system is it. Innate and adaptive immunity either promote or attenuate tumorigenesis and so can have opposing effects on the therapeutic outcome. Originally described as potent antivirals, Type-I interferons (IFNs) were quickly recognized as central coordinators of tumor-immune system interactions. Type-I-IFNs are produced by, and act on, both tumor and immune cells being either host-protecting or tumor-promoting. Here, we discuss Type-I-IFNs in infectious and cancer diseases highlighting their dichotomous role and raising the importance to deeply understand the underlying mechanisms so to reshape the way we can exploit Type-I-IFNs therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Musella
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Department of General Pathology and Physiopathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Beyranvand Nejad E, Welters MJP, Arens R, van der Burg SH. The importance of correctly timing cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 17:87-103. [PMID: 27802061 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1256388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment options for cancer-surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy-are now supplemented with immunotherapy. Previously underappreciated but now gaining strong interest are the immune modulatory properties of the three conventional modalities. Moreover, there is a better understanding of the needs and potential of the different immune therapeutic platforms. Key to improved treatment will be the combinations of modalities that complete each other's shortcomings. Area covered: Tumor-specific T-cells are required for optimal immunotherapy. In this review, the authors focus on the correct timing of different types of chemotherapeutic agents or immune modulators and immunotherapeutic drugs, not only for the activation and expansion of tumor-specific T-cells but also to support and enhance their anti-tumor efficacy. Expert opinion: At an early phase of disease, clinical success can be obtained using single treatment modalities but at later disease stages, combinations of several modalities are required. The gain in success is determined by a thorough understanding of the direct and indirect immune effects of the modalities used. Profound knowledge of these effects requires optimal tuning of immunomonitoring. This will guide the appropriate combination of treatments and allow for correct sequencing the order and interval of the different therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Beyranvand Nejad
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands.,b Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Marij J P Welters
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- b Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
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Gene Expression Profile of Colon Mucosa after Cytotoxic Insult in wt and Apc-Mutated Pirc Rats: Possible Relation to Resistance to Apoptosis during Carcinogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1310342. [PMID: 27840820 PMCID: PMC5093255 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1310342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apc-mutated Pirc rats, spontaneously developing intestinal tumours, are resistant to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine- (DMH-) induced colon apoptosis. To understand this phenomenon, we analyzed the expression of genotoxic stress-related genes Mgmt, Gsta1, and Gstp1 in the colon of wt and Pirc rats in basal conditions and 24 h after DMH; plasmatic oxidant/antioxidant status was also evaluated. After DMH, Mgmt expression was increased in both genotypes but significantly only in wt rats; Gsta1 expression was significantly increased in both genotypes. Gstp1 expression did not vary after DMH but was lower in Pirc rats. Moreover, for each genotype, we studied by microarray technique whole gene expression profile after DMH. By unsupervised cluster analysis, 28 genes were differentially modulated between the two genotypes. Among them were interferon-induced genes Irf7, Oas1a, Oasl2, and Isg15 and the transcription factor Taf6l, overexpressed in DMH-treated wt rats and unchanged in Pirc rats. RT-PCR confirmed their overexpression in DMH-treated wt rats and showed a slighter variation in DMH-treated Pirc rats. Taken together, despite a blunted induction of Irf7, Oas1a, and Mgmt, defective apoptosis in Pirc rats 24 h after DMH is not mirrored by major differences in gene expression compared with wt rats.
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50
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Doxorubicin resistant cancer cells activate myeloid-derived suppressor cells by releasing PGE2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23824. [PMID: 27032536 PMCID: PMC4817121 DOI: 10.1038/srep23824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapies often induce drug-resistance in cancer cells and simultaneously stimulate proliferation and activation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) to inhibit anti-tumor T cells, thus result in poor prognosis of patients with breast cancers. To date, the mechanism underlying the expansion of MDSCs in response to chemotherapies is poorly understood. In the present study, we used in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies to demonstrate that doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells secret significantly more prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) than their parental doxorubicin-sensitive cells. The secreted PGE2 can stimulate expansion and polymerization of MDSCs by directly target to its receptors, EP2/EP4, on the surface of MDSCs, which consequently triggers production of miR-10a through activating PKA signaling. More importantly, activated MDSCs can inhibit CD4+CD25− T cells as evidenced by reduced proliferation and IFN-γ release. In order to determine the molecular pathway that involves miR-10a mediated activation of MDSCs, biochemical and pharmacological studies were carried out. We found that miR-10a can activate AMPK signaling to promote expansion and activation of MDSCs. Thus, these results reveal, for the first time, a novel role of PGE2/miR-10a/AMPK signaling axis in chemotherapy-induced immune resistance, which might be targeted for treatment of chemotherapy resistant tumors.
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