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Shields LBE, Sun DA, Highfield HA, LaRocca RV, Spalding AC, Sinicrope KD, Zhang YP, Shields CB. Multifocal intradural extramedullary ependymoma, MYCN amplified: illustrative case. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY: CASE LESSONS 2022; 3:CASE22141. [PMID: 35734608 PMCID: PMC9204923 DOI: 10.3171/case22141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Ependymomas are the most frequent tumors of the adult spinal cord, representing 1.9% of all central nervous system tumors and 60% of spinal cord tumors. Spinal ependymomas are usually solitary, intramedullary lesions. While intradural extramedullary (IDEM) ependymomas are infrequent, multifocal IDEM ependymomas are exceptionally rare.
OBSERVATIONS
The authors reported the first case in the literature of a patient diagnosed with multifocal IDEM ependymomas who was treated with tumor resection and brain and spinal radiotherapy. The patient presented with a 10-day history of bilateral leg numbness extending to the umbilicus and gait instability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies revealed multiple enhancing nodular nodules throughout the entire spinal canal. Brain MRI revealed no abnormal lesions. A World Health Organization grade II ependymoma was confirmed histologically. At 31 months postoperatively, the patient remained clinically asymptomatic. Although cervical and thoracic MRI revealed stable intradural nodules and several areas of leptomeningeal enhancement, no malignant cells were seen in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). He underwent genetic testing to determine the appropriate chemotherapeutic agent if activation of the tumor should arise.
LESSONS
Because complete resection of multifocal IDEM ependymomas is not feasible, continued monitoring with brain and spine MRI is warranted to detect potential tumor dissemination in the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renato V. LaRocca
- Norton Cancer Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | - Aaron C. Spalding
- Norton Cancer Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | | | | | - Christopher B. Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Saleh AH, Samuel N, Juraschka K, Saleh MH, Taylor MD, Fehlings MG. The biology of ependymomas and emerging novel therapies. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:208-222. [PMID: 35031778 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ependymomas are rare central nervous system tumours that can arise in the brain's supratentorial region or posterior fossa, or in the spinal cord. In 1924, Percival Bailey published the first comprehensive study of ependymomas. Since then, and especially over the past 10 years, our understanding of ependymomas has grown exponentially. In this Review, we discuss the evolution in knowledge regarding ependymoma subgroups and the resultant clinical implications. We also discuss key oncogenic and tumour suppressor signalling pathways that regulate tumour growth, the role of epigenetic dysregulation in the biology of ependymomas, and the various biological features of ependymoma tumorigenesis, including cell immortalization, stem cell-like properties, the tumour microenvironment and metastasis. We further review the limitations of current therapies such as relapse, radiation-induced cognitive deficits and chemotherapy resistance. Finally, we highlight next-generation therapies that are actively being explored, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, telomerase inhibitors, anti-angiogenesis agents and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H Saleh
- MD Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nardin Samuel
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Juraschka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad H Saleh
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Tsangaris GT, Anastasoviti MC, Anagnostopoulos AK. Proteomics of pediatric ependymomas: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:767-770. [PMID: 32377827 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ependymomas, affecting both children and adults, are neuroepithelial tumors occurring throughout all compartments of the central nervous system. Pediatric ependymomas arise almost exclusively intracranially and are associated with a poor 10-year overall survival of around 60%. During the last years, the application of multi-omics technologies on the study and understanding of neuro-cancer diseases has become a standard; in this regard, application of these approaches on ependymomas has gained noticeable momentum. The objective of this review article was to summarize all knowledge generated by the application of modern omics approaches with regard to pediatric ependymal tumors, aiming at elucidating molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis as well as identification of pathway strategies that will help in therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Th Tsangaris
- Department of Proteomics, Division of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria C Anastasoviti
- Department of Proteomics, Division of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Proteomics, Division of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Expression and Clinical Significance of Translation Regulatory Long Non-Coding RNA 1 (TRERNA1) in Ependymomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1975-1981. [PMID: 31489574 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have emerged as vital molecules governing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancers. Translation regulatory RNA 1 (TRERNA1) is one such lncRNA known to enhance the transcriptional activity of the EMT-transcription factor, Snail. We have previously demonstrated differential upregulation of EMT-transcription factors and cadherin switching across various clinico-pathologic-molecular subclasses of ependymomas (EPN). With an aim to analyze the correlation between the expression of TRERNA1 in EPNs, we performed gene expression analysis for TRERNA1 on 75 Grade II/III EPNs and correlated with tumor site, C11orf95-RELA fusions, age, MIB-1 proliferative indices, and outcome wherever available. Upregulation of gene expression levels of TRERNA1 was seen in intracranial EPNs, with highest expression levels in pediatric posterior fossa EPNs. High TRERNA1 expression was found associated with higher proliferative indices (p = 0.034) and shorter progression free survival (p = 0.002). Our study, for the first time, demonstrates an association between TRERNA1 expressions and pediatric posterior fossa EPNs. Further in-vivo and in-vitro studies are required to confirm these findings and evaluate TRERNA1 as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target in childhood PF-EPNs.
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Pérez-Ramírez M, García-Méndez A, Siordia-Reyes AG, Chavarría A, Gómez C, García-Hernández N. Pediatric ependymoma: GNAO1, ASAH1, IMMT and IPO7 protein expression and 5-year prognosis correlation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 186:105488. [PMID: 31505435 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to evaluate a pediatric ependymoma protein expression that may be useful as a molecular biomarker candidate for prognosis, correlated with clinical features such as age, gender, histopathological grade, ependymal tumor recurrence and patient survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry assays were performed for GNAO1, ASAH1, IMMT, IPO7, Cyclin D1, P53 and Ki-67 proteins. Kaplan-Meier and Cox analysis were performed for age, gender, histopathological grade, relapse and survival correlation. RESULTS We found that three proteins correlate with histopathological grade and relapse; two proteins correlate with survival; one protein does not correlate with any clinical feature. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that, out of the proteins analyzed, five may be considered suitable prognostic biomarkers and one may be considered a predictive biomarker for response to treatment of pediatric ependymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Pérez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, 06720, Mexico
| | - Antonio García-Méndez
- Servicio de Neurocirugía Pediátrica, Hospital General "Dr. Gaudencio González Garza", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Calzada Vallejo y Jacarandas S/N, Col. La Raza, Del. Azcapotzalco, 02980, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alicia Georgina Siordia-Reyes
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, 06720, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Celedonio Gómez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, 04360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Normand García-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, 06720, Mexico.
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Prognostic and microRNA profile analysis for CD44 positive expression pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1439-1447. [PMID: 29704232 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ependymoma is the third most common pediatric brain tumor and occurs most frequently in the posterior fossa. However, the lack of immortalized cell lines, xenografts, or animal models has significantly hindered the study of pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma (P-PF-EPN) pathogenesis. This prompted us to use clinical big data to study this rare disease. METHODS Application of the robust rank aggregation method revealed CD44 as a reliable biomarker in P-PF-EPN. 120 P-PF-EPN samples after surgical resection were selected for Kaplan-Merier and Cox proportion hazard regression survival analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess CD44 expression in the tumor samples. The miRNA profile was determined using a whole-genome miRNA microarray. The expression patterns of related mRNAs, miRNAs and proteins were validated by qRT-PCR or Western blotting. RESULTS CD44 was found to be an independent predictor of prognosis in survival analysis. It improved the accuracy of using LAMA2/NELL2 for classifying P-PF-EPN molecular subgroups. Fourteen miRNAs were underexpressed, and one miRNA was overexpressed in CD44-positive P-PF-EPNs. miR-543, miR-495-3p, miR-299-3p, miR-139-5p and miR-128-3p were identified to have CD44 positively co-regulated potential target oncogenes. Two PI3K-Akt signaling pathway related potential target oncogenes (VEGFA, CSF1) for miR-299-3p and miR-495-3p were validated overexpression in CD44 positive P-PF-EPNs. Abnormal activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway was confirmed in CD44-positive cases. CONCLUSIONS CD44 is of great clinical significance as a prognostic biomarker. The survival difference between CD44 positive and negative P-PF-EPN is determined by a complex functional miRNA-mRNA-signaling pathway regulatory network.
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The therapeutic potential of targeting the PI3K pathway in pediatric brain tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2083-2095. [PMID: 27926496 PMCID: PMC5356782 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors are the most common cancer type in children and the leading cause of cancer related deaths. There is therefore a need to develop novel treatments. Large scale profiling studies have begun to identify alterations that could be targeted therapeutically, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which is one of the most commonly activated pathways in cancer with many inhibitors under clinical development. PI3K signaling has been shown to be aberrantly activated in many pediatric CNS neoplasms. Pre-clinical analysis supports a role for PI3K signaling in the control of tumor growth, survival and migration as well as enhancing the cytotoxic effects of current treatments. Based on this evidence agents targeting PI3K signaling have begun to be tested in clinical trials of pediatric cancer patients. Overall, targeting the PI3K pathway presents as a promising strategy for the treatment of pediatric CNS tumors. In this review we examine the genetic alterations found in the PI3K pathway in pediatric CNS tumors and the pathological role it plays, as well as summarizing the current pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the use of PI3K pathway inhibitors for the treatment of these tumors.
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Tsangaris GT, Papathanasiou C, Adamopoulos PG, Scorilas A, Vorgias CE, Prodromou N, Stathopoulou FT, Stravopodis DJ, Anagnostopoulos AK. Pediatric Ependymoma: A Proteomics Perspective. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2017; 14:127-136. [PMID: 28387652 PMCID: PMC5369312 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Proteomics based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) is the tool of choice for the analysis of protein presence, modifications and interactions, with increasing emphasis on the examination of tumor tissues. Application of MS-based proteomics offers a detailed picture of tumor tissue characteristics, facilitating the appreciation of different tumor entities, whilst providing reliable and fast results for therapeutic marker targeting and prognostic factor assessment. Through use of the high analytical resolution of nano-high-pressure liquid chromatography (nanoHPLC) and the high resolution of an Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, the present study aimed to provide knowledge on the proteome of the generally unknown entity of pediatric ependymal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten resected specimens of childhood ependymoma were analyzed through a one-dimensional (1D) nanoLC-MS/MS approach. Method optimization steps were undertaken for both the sample preparation/protein extraction procedure and LC parameters, aiming to achieve the highest possible identification rates. RESULTS Following method optimization, each nanoLC-MS/MS run resulted in identification of more than 5,000 proteins and more than 25,000 peptides for every analyzed sample, thus detailing the greater part of the ependymoma proteome. Identified proteins were found to spread throughout all known tumor categories regarding their molecular function and subcellular localization. CONCLUSION Through the proposed nanoLC-MS/MS method herein we report, for the firs time, the ependymoma proteome database. A large number of similarities regarding proteome content are revealed compared to other two pediatric brain tumor entities; astrocytomas and medulloblastomas. Furthermore, through our approach, the majority of currently proposed markers for ependymoma (e.g. nucleolin, nestin, Ki67 and laminin subunit A2) as well as all major key players of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway (seemingly implicated in ependymoma), were definitely detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Th Tsangaris
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrissa Papathanasiou
- Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos E Vorgias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Neofytos Prodromou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Tzortzatou Stathopoulou
- Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios J Stravopodis
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Theeler BJ, Gilbert MR. Investigating therapies in ependymoma. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1191347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett J. Theeler
- Department of Neurology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Neurology and John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Karsy M, Guan J, Sivakumar W, Neil JA, Schmidt MH, Mahan MA. The genetic basis of intradural spinal tumors and its impact on clinical treatment. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 39:E3. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.5.focus15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the cells of intradural spinal tumors can have a significant impact on the treatment options, counseling, and prognosis for patients. Although surgery is the primary therapy for most intradural tumors, radiochemothera-peutic modalities and targeted interventions play an ever-evolving role in treating aggressive cancers and in addressing cancer recurrence in long-term survivors. Recent studies have helped delineate specific genetic and molecular differences between intradural spinal tumors and their intracranial counterparts and have also identified significant variation in therapeutic effects on these tumors. This review discusses the genetic and molecular alterations in the most common intradural spinal tumors in both adult and pediatrie patients, including nerve sheath tumors (that is, neurofibroma and schwannoma), meningioma, ependymoma, astrocytoma (that is, low-grade glioma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma), hemangioblastoma, and medulloblastoma. It also examines the genetics of metastatic tumors to the spinal cord, arising either from the CNS or from systemic sources. Importantly, the impact of this knowledge on therapeutic options and its application to clinical practice are discussed.
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de Andrade FG, Marie SKN, Uno M, Matushita H, Taricco MA, Teixeira MJ, Rosemberg S, Oba-Shinjo SM. Immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 is higher in supratentorial ependymomas and predicts relapses in gross total resection cases. Neuropathology 2015; 35:312-23. [PMID: 25946121 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ependymomas are tumors of the CNS. Although cyclin D1 overexpression has been related to several cancers, its prognostic value in ependymomas has not yet been fully established. We evaluated cyclin D1 expression by an immunohistochemistry analysis of 149 samples of ependymomas, including some relapses, corresponding to 121 patients. Eighty-one patients were adults, 60 were intracranial cases and 92 tumors were grade II. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 62% of cases, and relapse was confirmed in 41.4% of cases. Cyclin D1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and scored with a labeling index (LI) calculated as the percentage of positively stained cells by intensity. We also analyzed expression of CCND1 and NOTCH1 in 33 samples of ependymoma by quantitative real-time PCR. A correlation between cyclin D1 LI score and anaplastic cases (P < 0.001), supratentorial location (P < 0.001) and age (P = 0.001) were observed. A stratified analysis demonstrated that cyclin D1 protein expression was strong in tumors with a supratentorial location, independent of the histological grade or age. Relapse was more frequent in cases with a higher cyclin D1 LI score (P = 0.046), and correlation with progression-free survival was observed in cases with GTR (P = 0.002). Only spinal canal tumor location and GTR were suggestive markers of PFS in multivarite analyses. Higher expression levels were observed in anaplastic cases for CCND1 (P = 0.002), in supratentorial cases for CCND1 (P = 0.008) and NOTCH1 (P = 0.011). There were correlations between the cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression levels (P < 0.0001) and between CCND1 and NOTCH1 expression levels (P = 0.003). Higher cyclin D1 LI was predominant in supratentorial location and predict relapse in GTR cases. Cyclin D1 could be used as an immunohistochemical marker to guide follow-up and treatment in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gonçalves de Andrade
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miyuki Uno
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Matushita
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Augusto Taricco
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Rosemberg
- Pathology, Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sueli Mieko Oba-Shinjo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Molecular Biology of Pediatric Brain Tumors and Impact on Novel Therapies. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2015; 15:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Barszczyk M, Buczkowicz P, Castelo-Branco P, Mack SC, Ramaswamy V, Mangerel J, Agnihotri S, Remke M, Golbourn B, Pajovic S, Elizabeth C, Yu M, Luu B, Morrison A, Adamski J, Nethery-Brokx K, Li XN, Van Meter T, Dirks PB, Rutka JT, Taylor MD, Tabori U, Hawkins C. Telomerase inhibition abolishes the tumorigenicity of pediatric ependymoma tumor-initiating cells. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:863-77. [PMID: 25120190 PMCID: PMC4286630 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric ependymomas are highly recurrent tumors resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein critical in permitting limitless replication, has been found to be critically important for the maintenance of tumor-initiating cells (TICs). These TICs are chemoresistant, repopulate the tumor from which they are identified, and are drivers of recurrence in numerous cancers. In this study, telomerase enzymatic activity was directly measured and inhibited to assess the therapeutic potential of targeting telomerase. Telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) (n = 36) and C-circle assay/telomere FISH/ATRX staining (n = 76) were performed on primary ependymomas to determine the prevalence and prognostic potential of telomerase activity or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) as telomere maintenance mechanisms, respectively. Imetelstat, a phase 2 telomerase inhibitor, was used to elucidate the effect of telomerase inhibition on proliferation and tumorigenicity in established cell lines (BXD-1425EPN, R254), a primary TIC line (E520) and xenograft models of pediatric ependymoma. Over 60 % of pediatric ependymomas were found to rely on telomerase activity to maintain telomeres, while no ependymomas showed evidence of ALT. Children with telomerase-active tumors had reduced 5-year progression-free survival (29 ± 11 vs 64 ± 18 %; p = 0.03) and overall survival (58 ± 12 vs 83 ± 15 %; p = 0.05) rates compared to those with tumors lacking telomerase activity. Imetelstat inhibited proliferation and self-renewal by shortening telomeres and inducing senescence in vitro. In vivo, Imetelstat significantly reduced subcutaneous xenograft growth by 40 % (p = 0.03) and completely abolished the tumorigenicity of pediatric ependymoma TICs in an orthotopic xenograft model. Telomerase inhibition represents a promising therapeutic approach for telomerase-active pediatric ependymomas found to characterize high-risk ependymomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Barszczyk
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pawel Buczkowicz
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Stephen C. Mack
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Joshua Mangerel
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brian Golbourn
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sanja Pajovic
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Cynthia Elizabeth
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Man Yu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Andrew Morrison
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer Adamski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kathleen Nethery-Brokx
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Timothy Van Meter
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Peter B. Dirks
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - James T. Rutka
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
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HU YONG, XU SHENGLIN, JIN WENSEN, YI QIYI, WEI WEI. Effect of the PTEN gene on adhesion, invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1741-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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