1
|
Zhao Y, Lin M, Zhai F, Chen J, Jin X. Exploring the Role of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:782. [PMID: 38931449 PMCID: PMC11207014 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly population. The pathogenesis of PD encompasses genetic alterations, environmental factors, and age-related neurodegenerative processes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that aberrant functioning of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of PD. Notably, E3 ubiquitin ligases serve as pivotal components determining substrate specificity within UPS and are intimately associated with the regulation of various proteins implicated in PD pathology. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms by which E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes modulate PD-associated proteins and signaling pathways, while exploring the intricate relationship between UPS dysfunctions and PD etiology. Furthermore, this article discusses recent research advancements regarding inhibitors targeting PD-related E3 ubiquitin ligases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhao
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.)
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Man Lin
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Fengguang Zhai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China; (Y.Z.); (M.L.)
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rebollar-Vega RG, Zuarth-Vázquez JM, Hernández-Ramírez LC. Clinical Spectrum of USP8 Pathogenic Variants in Cushing's Disease. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102899. [PMID: 37925320 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Cushing's disease (CD) is a life-threatening condition with a challenging diagnostic process and scarce treatment options. CD is caused by usually benign adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), known as corticotropinomas. These tumors are predominantly of sporadic origin, and usually derive from the monoclonal expansion of a mutated cell. Somatic activating variants located within a hotspot of the USP8 gene are present in 11-62% of corticotropinomas, making USP8 the most frequent genetic driver of corticotroph neoplasia. In contrast, other somatic defects such as those affecting the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1), the BRAF oncogene, the deubiquitinase-encoding gene USP48, and TP53 are infrequent. Moreover, patients with familial tumor syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia, familial isolated pituitary adenoma, and DICER1 rarely develop corticotropinomas. One of the main molecular alterations in USP8-driven tumors is an overactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway, which induces ACTH production. Hotspot USP8 variants lead to persistent EGFR overexpression, thereby perpetuating the hyper-synthesis of ACTH. More importantly, they condition a characteristic transcriptomic signature that might be useful for the clinical prognosis of patients with CD. Nevertheless, the clinical phenotype associated with USP8 variants is less well defined. Hereby we discuss the current knowledge on the molecular pathogenesis and clinical picture associated with USP8 hotspot variants. We focus on the potential significance of the USP8 mutational status for the design of tailored clinical strategies in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa G Rebollar-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia M Zuarth-Vázquez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura C Hernández-Ramírez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Inhibition of USP1 activates ER stress through Ubi-protein aggregation to induce autophagy and apoptosis in HCC. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:951. [PMID: 36357365 PMCID: PMC9649627 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The deubiquitinating enzyme USP1 (ubiquitin-specific protease 1) plays a role in the progression of various tumors, emerging as a potential therapeutic target. This study aimed to determine the role of USP1 as a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We detected USP1 expression in the tumor and adjacent tissues of patients with HCC using immunohistochemical staining. We evaluated the effect of the USP1 inhibitor ML-323 on HCC cell proliferation and cell cycle using a CCK-8 cell-counting kit and plate cloning assays, and propidium iodide, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide (PI) staining and caspase 3 (casp3) activity. Transmission electron microscopy and LC3B immunofluorescence were used to detect autophagy. Western blotting was used to detect the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins, and the AMPK-ULK1/ATG13 signaling pathway. We demonstrated that ML-323 inhibits the growth of HCC cells and induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest by regulating cyclin expression. ML-323 treatment resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, induced ER stress, and triggered Noxa-dependent apoptosis, which was regulated by the Activating Transcription Factor 4(ATF4). Moreover, active ER stress induces protective autophagy by increasing AMPK phosphorylation; therefore, we inhibited ER stress using 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), which resulted in ER stress reduction, apoptosis, and autophagy in ML-323-treated HCC cells. In addition, blocking autophagy using the AMPK inhibitor compound C (CC), chloroquine (CQ), or bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) enhanced the cytotoxic effect of ML-323. Our findings revealed that targeting USP1 may be a potential strategy for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
|
4
|
Iuliano L, Dalla E, Picco R, Mallavarapu S, Minisini M, Malavasi E, Brancolini C. Proteotoxic stress-induced apoptosis in cancer cells: understanding the susceptibility and enhancing the potency. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:407. [PMID: 36195608 PMCID: PMC9531228 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is aggressive cancer with few therapeutic options. LMS cells are more sensitive to proteotoxic stress compared to normal smooth muscle cells. We used small compound 2c to induce proteotoxic stress and compare the transcriptomic adaptations of immortalized human uterine smooth muscle cells (HUtSMC) and LMS cells SK-UT-1. We found that the expression of the heat shock proteins (HSPs) gene family is upregulated with higher efficiency in normal cells. In contrast, the upregulation of BH3-only proteins is higher in LMS cells. HSF1, the master regulator of HSP transcription, is sequestered into transcriptionally incompetent nuclear foci only in LMS cells, which explains the lower HSP upregulation. We also found that several compounds can enhance the cell death response to proteotoxic stress. Specifically, when low doses were used, an inhibitor of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) and the inhibitor of IRE1α, a key element of the unfolded protein response (UPR), support proteotoxic-induced cell death with strength in LMS cells and without effects on the survival of normal cells. Overall, our data provide an explanation for the higher susceptibility of LMS cells to proteotoxic stress and suggest a potential option for co-treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iuliano
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P. le Kolbe 4 - 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P. le Kolbe 4 - 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Raffaella Picco
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P. le Kolbe 4 - 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Showmeya Mallavarapu
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P. le Kolbe 4 - 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Martina Minisini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P. le Kolbe 4 - 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Eleonora Malavasi
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P. le Kolbe 4 - 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P. le Kolbe 4 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Swain RM, Contreras L, Varela-Ramirez A, Hossain M, Das U, Valenzuela CA, Penichet ML, Dimmock JR, Aguilera RJ. Two novel piperidones induce apoptosis and antiproliferative effects on human prostate and lymphoma cancer cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:905-921. [PMID: 35793039 PMCID: PMC9896656 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains the second most common cause of death in the US. Due to a recurrent problem with anticancer drug resistance, there is a current need for anticancer drugs with distinct modes of action for combination drug therapy We have tested two novel piperidone compounds, named 2608 (1-dichloroacetyl - 3,5-bis(3,4-difluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone) and 2610 (1-dichloroacetyl-3,5-bis(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone), for their potential cytotoxicity on numerous human cancer cell lines. We found that both compounds were cytotoxic for breast, pancreatic, leukemia, lymphoma, colon, and fibroblast cell lines, with a cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) in the low micromolar to nanomolar concentration range. Further assays focused primarily on an acute lymphoblastic lymphoma and colon cancer cell lines since they were the most sensitive and resistant to the experimental piperidones. The cell death mechanism was evaluated through assays commonly used to detect the induction of apoptosis. These assays revealed that both 2608 and 2610 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization, and activated caspase-3/7. Our findings suggest that the piperidones induced cell death via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Additional assays revealed that both piperidones cause cell cycle alteration in lymphoma and colon cell lines. Both piperidones elicited DNA fragmentation, as evidenced by an increment in the sub-G0/G1 subpopulation in both cell lines. Similar to other related compounds, both piperidones were found to act as proteasome inhibitors by increasing the levels of poly-ubiquitinated proteins in both lymphoma and colon cell lines. Hence, the two piperidones exhibited attractive cytotoxic properties and suitable mechanisms of action, which makes them good candidates as anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Mia Swain
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Lisett Contreras
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | | | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Carlos A Valenzuela
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Manuel L Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The Molecular Biology Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, AIDS Institute, The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 11 as a novel therapeutic target for cancer management. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:292. [PMID: 35715413 PMCID: PMC9205893 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a critical biological process in post-translational modification of proteins and involves multiple signaling pathways in protein metabolism, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell-cycle progression, and cancer development. Deubiquitinase, a specific enzyme that regulates the ubiquitination process, is also thought to be closely associated with the development and progression of various cancers. In this article, we systematically review the emerging role of the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11) in many cancer-related pathways. The results show that USP11 promotes or inhibits the progression and chemoresistance of different cancers, including colorectal, breast, ovarian, and hepatocellular carcinomas, via deubiquitinating several critical proteins of cancer-related pathways. We initially summarize the role of USP11 in different cancers and further discuss the possibility of USP11 as a therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gubat J, Selvaraju K, Sjöstrand L, Kumar Singh D, Turkina MV, Schmierer B, Sabatier P, Zubarev RA, Linder S, D’Arcy P. Comprehensive Target Screening and Cellular Profiling of the Cancer-Active Compound b-AP15 Indicate Abrogation of Protein Homeostasis and Organelle Dysfunction as the Primary Mechanism of Action. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852980. [PMID: 35530310 PMCID: PMC9076133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dienone compounds have been demonstrated to display tumor-selective anti-cancer activity independently of the mutational status of TP53. Previous studies have shown that cell death elicited by this class of compounds is associated with inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Here we extend previous findings by showing that the dienone compound b-AP15 inhibits proteasomal degradation of long-lived proteins. We show that exposure to b-AP15 results in increased association of the chaperones VCP/p97/Cdc48 and BAG6 with proteasomes. Comparisons between the gene expression profile generated by b-AP15 to those elicited by siRNA showed that knock-down of the proteasome-associated deubiquitinase (DUB) USP14 is the closest related to drug response. USP14 is a validated target for b-AP15 and we show that b-AP15 binds covalently to two cysteines, Cys203 and Cys257, in the ubiquitin-binding pocket of the enzyme. Consistent with this, deletion of USP14 resulted in decreased sensitivity to b-AP15. Targeting of USP14 was, however, found to not fully account for the observed proteasome inhibition. In search for additional targets, we utilized genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening and Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration (PISA) to identify mechanistically essential genes and b-AP15 interacting proteins respectively. Deletion of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins decreased the sensitivity to b-AP15, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is coupled to cell death induced by b-AP15. Enzymes known to be involved in Phase II detoxification such as aldo-ketoreductases and glutathione-S-transferases were identified as b-AP15-targets using PISA. The finding that different exploratory approaches yielded different results may be explained in terms of a “target” not necessarily connected to the “mechanism of action” thus highlighting the importance of a holistic approach in the identification of drug targets. We conclude that b-AP15, and likely also other dienone compounds of the same class, affect protein degradation and proteasome function at more than one level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gubat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karthik Selvaraju
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Linda Sjöstrand
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dhananjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Maria V. Turkina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Schmierer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A. Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacological and Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pádraig D’Arcy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Pádraig D’Arcy,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hafez N, Modather El-Awadly Z, Arafa RK. UCH-L3 structure and function: Insights about a promising drug target. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113970. [PMID: 34752952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, researchers have shed light on the immense importance of ubiquitin in numerous regulatory pathways. The post-translational addition of mono or poly-ubiquitin molecules namely "ubiquitinoylation" is therefore pivotal to maintain the cell's vitality, maturation, differentiation, and division. Part of conserving homeostasis stems from maintaining the ubiquitin pool in the vicinity of the cell's intracellular environment; this crucial role is played by deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) that cleave ubiquitin molecules from target molecules. To date, they are categorized into 7 families with ubiquitin carboxyl c-terminal de-hydrolase family (UCH) as the most common and well-studied. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L (UCH-L3) is a significant protein in this family as it has been implicated in many molecular and cellular processes with its mRNA identified in a range of body tissues including the brain. It goes without saying that it manifests in maintaining health and when abnormally regulated in disease. As it is an attractive small molecule drug target, scientists have used high throughput screening (HTS) and other drug discovery methods to discover inhibitors for this enzyme for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we present an overview of UCH-L3 catalytic mechanism, structure, its role in DNA repair and cancer along with the inhibitors discovered so far to halt its activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Hafez
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, 12578, Egypt
| | - Zahraa Modather El-Awadly
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, 12578, Egypt
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, 12578, Egypt; Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, 12578, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma A, Khan H, Singh TG, Grewal AK, Najda A, Kawecka-Radomska M, Kamel M, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM. Pharmacological Modulation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathways in Oncogenic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111971. [PMID: 34769401 PMCID: PMC8584958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is involved in regulating several biological functions, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. It is widely known for its role in degrading abnormal protein substrates and maintaining physiological body functions via ubiquitinating enzymes (E1, E2, E3) and the proteasome. Therefore, aberrant expression in these enzymes results in an altered biological process, including transduction signaling for cell death and survival, resulting in cancer. In this review, an overview of profuse enzymes involved as a pro-oncogenic or progressive growth factor in tumors with their downstream signaling pathways has been discussed. A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on modulation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in oncogenic signaling. Various in vitro, in vivo studies demonstrating the involvement of ubiquitin-proteasome systems in varied types of cancers and the downstream signaling pathways involved are also discussed in the current review. Several inhibitors of E1, E2, E3, deubiquitinase enzymes and proteasome have been applied for treating cancer. Some of these drugs have exhibited successful outcomes in in vivo studies on different cancer types, so clinical trials are going on for these inhibitors. This review mainly focuses on certain ubiquitin-proteasome enzymes involved in developing cancers and certain enzymes that can be targeted to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-9815951171 (T.G.S.); +966-580192142 (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Amarjot Kaur Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.K.-R.)
| | - Małgorzata Kawecka-Radomska
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.K.-R.)
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-9815951171 (T.G.S.); +966-580192142 (M.M.A.-D.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lei H, Wang J, Hu J, Zhu Q, Wu Y. Deubiquitinases in hematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2021; 9:66. [PMID: 34454635 PMCID: PMC8401176 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are enzymes that control the stability, interactions or localization of most cellular proteins by removing their ubiquitin modification. In recent years, some DUBs, such as USP7, USP9X and USP10, have been identified as promising therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies. Importantly, some potent inhibitors targeting the oncogenic DUBs have been developed, showing promising inhibitory efficacy in preclinical models, and some have even undergone clinical trials. Different DUBs perform distinct function in diverse hematological malignancies, such as oncogenic, tumor suppressor or context-dependent effects. Therefore, exploring the biological roles of DUBs and their downstream effectors will provide new insights and therapeutic targets for the occurrence and development of hematological malignancies. We summarize the DUBs involved in different categories of hematological malignancies including leukemia, multiple myeloma and lymphoma. We also present the recent development of DUB inhibitors and their applications in hematological malignancies. Together, we demonstrate DUBs as potential therapeutic drug targets in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lei
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiacheng Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yingli Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cruz L, Soares P, Correia M. Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases: Players in Cancer Cellular Processes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090848. [PMID: 34577547 PMCID: PMC8469789 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination represents a post-translational modification (PTM) essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Ubiquitination is involved in the regulation of protein function, localization and turnover through the attachment of a ubiquitin molecule(s) to a target protein. Ubiquitination can be reversed through the action of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). The DUB enzymes have the ability to remove the mono- or poly-ubiquitination signals and are involved in the maturation, recycling, editing and rearrangement of ubiquitin(s). Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are the biggest family of DUBs, responsible for numerous cellular functions through interactions with different cellular targets. Over the past few years, several studies have focused on the role of USPs in carcinogenesis, which has led to an increasing development of therapies based on USP inhibitors. In this review, we intend to describe different cellular functions, such as the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, chromatin remodeling and several signaling pathways, in which USPs are involved in the development or progression of cancer. In addition, we describe existing therapies that target the inhibition of USPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cruz
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.C.); (P.S.)
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.C.); (P.S.)
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Correia
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.C.); (P.S.)
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
LaPlante G, Zhang W. Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System for Cancer Therapeutics by Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3079. [PMID: 34203106 PMCID: PMC8235664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a critical regulator of cellular protein levels and activity. It is, therefore, not surprising that its dysregulation is implicated in numerous human diseases, including many types of cancer. Moreover, since cancer cells exhibit increased rates of protein turnover, their heightened dependence on the UPS makes it an attractive target for inhibition via targeted therapeutics. Indeed, the clinical application of proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma has been very successful, stimulating the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting other UPS components. On the other hand, while the discovery of potent and selective chemical compounds can be both challenging and time consuming, the area of targeted protein degradation through utilization of the UPS machinery has seen promising developments in recent years. The repertoire of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which employ E3 ligases for the degradation of cancer-related proteins via the proteasome, continues to grow. In this review, we will provide a thorough overview of small-molecule UPS inhibitors and highlight advancements in the development of targeted protein degradation strategies for cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel LaPlante
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iuliano L, Drioli S, Pignochino Y, Cafiero CM, Minisini M, D'Este F, Picco R, Dalla E, Giordano G, Grignani G, Di Giorgio E, Benedetti F, Felluga F, Brancolini C. Enhancing Proteotoxic Stress in Leiomyosarcoma Cells Triggers Mitochondrial Dysfunctions, Cell Death, and Antitumor Activity in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1039-1051. [PMID: 33785653 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcomas are rare and aggressive tumors characterized by a complex karyotype. Surgical resection with or without radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the standard curative treatment. Unfortunately, a high percentage of leiomyosarcomas recurs and metastasizes. In these cases, doxorubicin and ifosfamide represent the standard treatment but with low response rates. Here, we evaluated the induction of proteotoxic stress as a possible strategy to kill leiomyosarcoma cells in a therapeutic perspective. We show that aggressive leiomyosarcomas coexist with high levels of proteotoxic stress. As a consequence, we hypothesized that leiomyosarcoma cells are vulnerable to further increases of proteotoxic stress. The small compound 2c is a strong inducer of proteotoxic stress. In leiomyosarcoma cells, it triggers cell death coupled to a profound reorganization of the mitochondrial network. By using stimulated emission depletion microscopy, we have unveiled the existence of DIABLO/SMAC clusters that are modulated by 2c. Finally, we have engineered a new version of 2c linked to polyethylene glycol though a short peptide, named 2cPP. This new prodrug is specifically activated by proteases present in the tumor microenvironment. 2cPP shows a strong antitumor activity in vivo against leiomyosarcomas and no toxicity against normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iuliano
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Drioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ymera Pignochino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, c/o San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Torino, Italy.,Sarcoma Unit, Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Cafiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Minisini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Este
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Raffaella Picco
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giordano
- Sarcoma Unit, Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grignani
- Sarcoma Unit, Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvia Felluga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mofers A, Selvaraju K, Gubat J, D'Arcy P, Linder S. Identification of proteasome inhibitors using analysis of gene expression profiles. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 889:173709. [PMID: 33166494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the 20S proteasome such as bortezomib (Velcade®) and carfilzomib (Kypriolis®) are in clinical use for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. In an attempt to identify novel inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) we used the connectivity map (CMap) resource, based on alterations of gene expression profiles by perturbagens, and performed COMPARE analyses of drug sensitivity patterns in the NCI60 panel. Cmap analysis identified a large number of small molecules with strong connectivity to proteasome inhibition, including both well characterized inhibitors of the 20S proteasome and molecules previously not described to inhibit the UPS. A number of these compounds have been reported to be cytotoxic to tumor cells and were tested for their ability to decrease processing of proteasome substrates. The antibiotic thiostrepton and the natural products celastrol and curcumin induced strong accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteasome substrates in exposed cells. Other compounds elicited modest increases of proteasome substrates, including the protein phosphatase inhibitor BCI-Cl and the farnesyltransferase inhibitor manumycin A, suggesting that these compounds inhibit proteasome function. Induction of chaperone expression in the absence of proteasome inhibition was observed by a number of compounds, suggesting other effects on the UPS. We conclude that the combination of bioinformatic analyses and cellular assays resulted in the identification of compounds with potential to inhibit the UPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Mofers
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karthik Selvaraju
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johannes Gubat
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Padraig D'Arcy
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
![]()
The biological responses to dienone compounds with a 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl
pharmacophore have been studied extensively. Despite their expected
general thiol reactivity, these compounds display considerable degrees
of tumor cell selectivity. Here we review in vitro and preclinical studies of dienone compounds including b-AP15, VLX1570,
RA-9, RA-190, EF24, HO-3867, and MCB-613. A common property of these
compounds is their targeting of the ubiquitin–proteasome system
(UPS), known to be essential for the viability of tumor cells. Gene
expression profiling experiments have shown induction of responses
characteristic of UPS inhibition, and experiments using cellular reporter
proteins have shown that proteasome inhibition is associated with
cell death. Other mechanisms of action such as reactivation of mutant
p53, stimulation of steroid receptor coactivators, and induction of
protein cross-linking have also been described. Although unsuitable
as biological probes due to widespread reactivity, dienone compounds
are cytotoxic to apoptosis-resistant tumor cells and show activity
in animal tumor models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Li M, Sha B, Hu X, Sun Y, Zhu M, Xu Y, Li P, Wang Y, Guo Y, Li J, Shi J, Li P, Hu T, Chen P. Inhibition of deubiquitination by PR-619 induces apoptosis and autophagy via ubi-protein aggregation-activated ER stress in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12919. [PMID: 33129231 PMCID: PMC7791184 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Targeting the deubiquitinases (DUBs) has become a promising avenue for anti-cancer drug development. However, the effect and mechanism of pan-DUB inhibitor, PR-619, on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells remain to be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of PR-619 on ESCC cell growth and cell cycle was evaluated by CCK-8 and PI staining. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was performed to detect apoptosis. LC3 immunofluorescence and acridine orange staining were applied to examine autophagy. Intercellular Ca2+ concentration was monitored by Fluo-3AM fluorescence. The accumulation of ubi-proteins and the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein and CaMKKβ-AMPK signalling were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS PR-619 could inhibit ESCC cell growth and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin B1 and upregulating p21. Meanwhile, PR-619 led to the accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins, induced ER stress and triggered apoptosis by the ATF4-Noxa axis. Moreover, the ER stress increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ and then stimulated autophagy through Ca2+ -CaMKKβ-AMPK signalling pathway. Ubiquitin E1 inhibitor, PYR-41, could reduce the accumulation of ubi-proteins and alleviate ER stress, G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in PR-619-treated ESCC cells. Furthermore, blocking autophagy by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 enhanced the cell growth inhibition effect and apoptosis induced by PR-619. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal an unrecognized mechanism for the cytotoxic effects of general DUBs inhibitor (PR-619) and imply that targeting DUBs may be a potential anti-ESCC strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longhao Wang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Sha
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuanyu Hu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Sun
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingda Zhu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Precision Medicine Center, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Santoro AM, Coletta A, Oddone F, Grasso G, Milardi D, Lacal PM, Marini S, Purrello R, Graziani G, Coletta M. The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107579. [PMID: 32442437 PMCID: PMC7236745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in the front-line setting. Thereafter, two other proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), designed to overcome resistance to bortezomib, have been approved for treatment-experienced patients, and a variety of novel inhibitors are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation not only for haematological malignancies but also for solid tumours. However, since UPS collapse leads to toxic misfolded proteins accumulation, proteasome is attracting even more interest as a target for the care of neurodegenerative diseases, which are sustained by UPS impairment. Thus, conceptually, proteasome activation represents an innovative and largely unexplored target for drug development. According to a multidisciplinary approach, spanning from chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology to pharmacology, this review will summarize the most recent available literature regarding different aspects of proteasome biology, focusing on structure, function and regulation of proteasome in physiological and pathological processes, mostly cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, connecting biochemical features and clinical studies of proteasome targeting drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - A M Santoro
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - A Coletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Oddone
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - G Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D Milardi
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - P M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R Purrello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alakhdar AA, Saleh AH, Arafa RK. Targeting homologous recombination (HR) repair mechanism for cancer treatment: discovery of new potential UCHL-3 inhibitors via virtual screening, molecular dynamics and binding mode analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:276-289. [PMID: 32851933 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1812432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UCHL3 (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L3) is a de-ubiquitinating enzyme involved in the homologous recombination repair mechanism of double-strand breaks (DBS) of the DNA. Multiple studies indicated that UCHL3 inhibitors could be used in combination therapy with high therapeutic efficacy against cancer thus highlighting the validity of directing research against UCHL3 as a druggable target in oncology. In this study, a combination of virtual screening methods was utilized to identify new potential UCHL3 inhibitors. A series of UCHL3 ligands were identified by applying a combination of cheminformatics and molecular modeling filtration techniques to a ChemBl database of over two million small molecules viz. Lipinski's Rule of Five, Veber's rule, pharmacophore model, Hierarchical molecular docking, Pan-assay Interference Compounds (PAINS) alerts, toxicity filter, and single-point Molecular mechanics Poisson/Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) docking pose rescoring. This multi-layer filtration strategy led to the identification of twenty-one compounds as potential UCHL3 inhibitors that were subsequently subjected to a 50 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations predict the stability of their ligand-protein complexes. Furthermore, MM/PBSA calculations based on MD trajectories were performed, and the energy contribution per residue to the binding energy was calculated. Three compounds, 1, 2 and 3, were finally recognized as having the highest potential of being UCHL3 inhibitors. Therefore, those were used for binding mode analysis to the UCHL3 active site, leading to identification of four residues as key for binding viz. Pro8, Leu55, Val166, and Leu168.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Alakhdar
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr H Saleh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.,Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Antao AM, Tyagi A, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Advances in Deubiquitinating Enzyme Inhibition and Applications in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1579. [PMID: 32549302 PMCID: PMC7352412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), the roles of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been widely elucidated. The ubiquitination of proteins regulates many aspects of cellular functions such as protein degradation and localization, and also modifies protein-protein interactions. DUBs cleave the attached ubiquitin moieties from substrates and thereby reverse the process of ubiquitination. The dysregulation of these two paramount pathways has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Attempts are being made to identify inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs that potentially have clinical implications in cancer, making them an important target in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, studies in medicine are currently focused on the pharmacological disruption of DUB activity as a rationale to specifically target cancer-causing protein aberrations. Here, we briefly discuss the pathophysiological and physiological roles of DUBs in key cancer-related pathways. We also discuss the clinical applications of promising DUB inhibitors that may contribute to the development of DUBs as key therapeutic targets in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang X, Linder S, Bazzaro M. Drug Development Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) for the Treatment of Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040902. [PMID: 32272746 PMCID: PMC7226376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by a higher rate of protein turnover and greater demand for protein homeostasis compared to normal cells. In this scenario, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is responsible for the degradation of over 80% of cellular proteins within mammalian cells, becomes vital to cancer cells, making the UPS a critical target for the discovery of novel cancer therapeutics. This review systematically categorizes all current reported small molecule inhibitors of the various essential components of the UPS, including ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), ubiquitin ligases (E3s), the 20S proteasome catalytic core particle (20S CP) and the 19S proteasome regulatory particles (19S RP), as well as their mechanism/s of action and limitations. We also discuss the immunoproteasome which is considered as a prospective therapeutic target of the next generation of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mirzapoiazova T, Pozhitkov A, Nam A, Mambetsariev I, Nelson MS, Tan YHC, Zhang K, Raz D, Singhal S, Nasser MW, Kulkarni P, Batra SK, Sattler M, Salgia R. Effects of selected deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitors on the proliferation and motility of lung cancer and mesothelioma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:80-86. [PMID: 32236606 PMCID: PMC7252467 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The post‑translational modification of proteins by ubiquitinating enzymes plays a central role in a number of cellular functions, such as cell proteolysis, DNA repair, and cell signaling and communication. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) disassemble ubiquitin chains and remove ubiquitin moieties from proteins. Targeting DUBs in cancer models has revealed an important role for these enzymes in tumorigenesis, and they therefore have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets. In the present study, the effects of three DUB inhibitors, PR‑619, RA‑9 and LDN‑91946, on a non‑small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) and a mesothelioma cell line (H2373) were investigated. PR‑619 significantly inhibited cell adhesion and the proliferation of both cell lines. RA‑9 exerted an inhibitory effect on the adhesion and proliferation of H2373 cells, whereas it had no effect on A549 cells. Notably, however, while PR‑619 attenuated the proliferation of both cell lines, it exerted an opposite effect on cell motility; in the case of A549 cells, there was a significant increase in cell motility, while for the H2373 cells, there was a significant decrease. Furthermore, protein phosphorylation kinetic analyses revealed that the effects were cell line‑specific. In H2373 cells, the phosphorylation of only one peptide corresponding to the P85A protein was significantly affected, and while LDN‑91946 treatment increased phosphorylation, treatment with RA‑9 or PR‑619 decreased its phosphorylation compared to the DMSO control. By contrast, in the case of A549 cells, the phosphorylation of 21 peptides was significantly affected by the same compounds. In light of the potential for the negative side‑effects of DUB inhibition, such as increased cancer cell motility, the data presented herein underscore the dire need for the development of specific DUB inhibitors and to elucidate the individual role of DUB family members in cancer biology before they can be specifically pharmacologically targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Alexander Pozhitkov
- Center for Informatics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Michael S Nelson
- The Light Microscopy and Digital Imaging Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Yi-Hung Carol Tan
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Dan Raz
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Sharad Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana‑Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010‑3000, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen J, Chen X, Xu D, Yang L, Yang Z, Yang Q, Yan D, Zhang P, Feng D, Liu J. Autophagy Induced by Proteasomal DUB Inhibitor NiPT Restricts NiPT-Mediated Cancer Cell Death. Front Oncol 2020; 10:348. [PMID: 32292717 PMCID: PMC7119081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy–lysosome pathway (ALP) are two major systems for protein quality control (PQC) in eukaryotic cells. Interconnectivity between these two pathways has been suggested, but the molecular detail of how they impact each other remains elusive. Proteasomal deubiquitinase (DUB) is an important constituent in the UPS and has proved to be a novel anticancer target. We have previously found that a novel DUB inhibitor, nickel complex NiPT, induces apoptosis in both cultured tumor cell lines and cancer cells from acute myeloid leukemia human patients. In this study, we found that NiPT triggered autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NiPT targets two DUBs, USP14, and UCHL5, and increased the total cellular level of polyubiquitination. Deletion of the Ubiquitin Associated (UBA) domain of P62 that is required for polyubiquitin binding prevented NiPT-induced autophagy. NiPT-induced autophagy is through either concomitant activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, or eliciting endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress by activating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). Moreover, NiPT could induce more lung cancer cells undergoing apoptosis if it synergistically uses autophagy inhibitors, suggesting that NiPT-induced autophagy protects cancer cell from death. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that autophagy inhibition enhances the anticancer effects of proteasomal DUB inhibitor and might be an effective treatment strategy for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dacai Xu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Feng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The role of deubiquitinating enzymes in cancer drug resistance. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:627-639. [PMID: 32146496 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a well-known phenomenon leading to a reduction in the effectiveness of pharmaceutical treatments. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents can involve various intrinsic cellular processes including drug efflux, increased resistance to apoptosis, increased DNA damage repair capabilities in response to platinum salts or other DNA-damaging drugs, drug inactivation, drug target alteration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inherent cell heterogeneity, epigenetic effects, or any combination of these mechanisms. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse ubiquitination of target proteins, maintaining a balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of proteins to maintain cell homeostasis. Increasing evidence supports an association of altered DUB activity with development of several cancers. Thus, DUBs are promising candidates for targeted drug development. In this review, we outline the involvement of DUBs, particularly ubiquitin-specific proteases, and their roles in drug resistance in different types of cancer. We also review potential small molecule DUB inhibitors that can be used as drugs for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Anchoori RK, Tan M, Tseng SH, Peng S, Soong RS, Algethami A, Foran P, Das S, Wang C, Wang TL, Liang H, Hung CF, Roden RBS. Structure-function analyses of candidate small molecule RPN13 inhibitors with antitumor properties. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227727. [PMID: 31940398 PMCID: PMC6961910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to design ubiquitin-proteasome system inhibitors active against solid cancers by targeting ubiquitin receptor RPN13 within the proteasome’s 19S regulatory particle. The prototypic bis-benzylidine piperidone-based inhibitor RA190 is a michael acceptor that adducts Cysteine 88 of RPN13. In probing the pharmacophore, we showed the benefit of the central nitrogen-bearing piperidone ring moiety compared to a cyclohexanone, the importance of the span of the aromatic wings from the central enone-piperidone ring, the contribution of both wings, and that substituents with stronger electron withdrawing groups were more cytotoxic. Potency was further enhanced by coupling of a second warhead to the central nitrogen-bearing piperidone as RA375 exhibited ten-fold greater activity against cancer lines than RA190, reflecting its nitro ring substituents and the addition of a chloroacetamide warhead. Treatment with RA375 caused a rapid and profound accumulation of high molecular weight polyubiquitinated proteins and reduced intracellular glutathione levels, which produce endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, and trigger apoptosis. RA375 was highly active against cell lines of multiple myeloma and diverse solid cancers, and demonstrated a wide therapeutic window against normal cells. For cervical and head and neck cancer cell lines, those associated with human papillomavirus were significantly more sensitive to RA375. While ARID1A-deficiency also enhanced sensitivity 4-fold, RA375 was active against all ovarian cancer cell lines tested. RA375 inhibited proteasome function in muscle for >72h after single i.p. administration to mice, and treatment reduced tumor burden and extended survival in mice carrying an orthotopic human xenograft derived from a clear cell ovarian carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Anchoori
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruey-Shyang Soong
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aliyah Algethami
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Palmer Foran
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ciotti S, Iuliano L, Cefalù S, Comelli M, Mavelli I, Di Giorgio E, Brancolini C. GSK3β is a key regulator of the ROS-dependent necrotic death induced by the quinone DMNQ. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:2. [PMID: 31919413 PMCID: PMC6952365 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways controlling necrosis are still mysterious and debated. We applied a shRNA-based viability screen to identify critical elements of the necrotic response. We took advantage from a small molecule (G5) that makes covalent adducts with free thiols by Michael addition and elicits multiple stresses. In cells resistant to apoptosis, G5 triggers necrosis through the induction of protein unfolding, glutathione depletion, ER stress, proteasomal impairments, and cytoskeletal stress. The kinase GSK3β was isolated among the top hits of the screening. Using the quinone DMNQ, a ROS generator, we demonstrate that GSK3β is involved in the regulation of ROS-dependent necrosis. Our results have been validated using siRNA and by knocking-out GSK3β with the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In response to DMNQ GSK3β is activated by serine 9 dephosphorylation, concomitantly to Akt inactivation. During the quinone-induced pro-necrotic stress, GSK3β gradually accumulates into the nucleus, before the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Accumulation of ROS in response to DMNQ is impaired by the absence of GSK3β. We provide evidence that the activities of the obligatory two-electrons reducing flavoenzymes, NQO1 (NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1) and NQO2 are required to suppress DMNQ-induced necrosis. In the absence of GSK3β the expression of NQO1 and NQO2 is dramatically increased, possibly because of an increased transcriptional activity of NRF2. In summary, GSK3β by blunting the anti-oxidant response and particularly NQO1 and NQO2 expression, favors the appearance of necrosis in response to ROS, as generated by the quinone DMNQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ciotti
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Iuliano
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cefalù
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marina Comelli
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Irene Mavelli
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Repurposing old drugs as new inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:105-122. [PMID: 31883910 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in the degradation of cellular proteins. Targeting protein degradation has been validated as an effective strategy for cancer therapy since 2003. Several components of the UPS have been validated as potential anticancer targets, including 20S proteasomes, 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs) and ubiquitin ligases (E3s). 20S proteasome inhibitors (such as bortezomib/BTZ and carfilzomib/CFZ) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and some other liquid tumors. Although survival of MM patients has been improved by the introduction of BTZ-based therapies, these clinical 20S proteasome inhibitors have several limitations, including emergence of resistance in MM patients, neuro-toxicities, and little efficacy in solid tumors. One of strategies to improve the current status of cancer treatment is to repurpose old drugs with UPS-inhibitory properties as new anticancer agents. Old drug reposition represents an attractive drug discovery approach compared to the traditional de novo drug discovery process which is time-consuming and costly. In this review, we summarize status of repurposed inhibitors of various UPS components, including 20S proteasomes, 19S-associated DUBs, and ubiquitin ligase E3s. The original and new mechanisms of action, molecular targets, and potential anticancer activities of these repurposed UPS inhibitors are reviewed, and their new uses including combinational therapies for cancer treatment are discussed.
Collapse
|
27
|
Selvaraju K, Mofers A, Pellegrini P, Salomonsson J, Ahlner A, Morad V, Hillert EK, Espinosa B, Arnér ESJ, Jensen L, Malmström J, Turkina MV, D'Arcy P, Walters MA, Sunnerhagen M, Linder S. Cytotoxic unsaturated electrophilic compounds commonly target the ubiquitin proteasome system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9841. [PMID: 31285509 PMCID: PMC6614553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of natural products have been advocated as anticancer agents. Many of these compounds contain functional groups characterized by chemical reactivity. It is not clear whether distinct mechanisms of action can be attributed to such compounds. We used a chemical library screening approach to demonstrate that a substantial fraction (~20%) of cytotoxic synthetic compounds containing Michael acceptor groups inhibit proteasome substrate processing and induce a cellular response characteristic of proteasome inhibition. Biochemical and structural analyses showed binding to and inhibition of proteasome-associated cysteine deubiquitinases, in particular ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (USP14). The results suggested that compounds bind to a crevice close to the USP14 active site with modest affinity, followed by covalent binding. A subset of compounds was identified where cell death induction was closely associated with proteasome inhibition and that showed significant antineoplastic activity in a zebrafish embryo model. These findings suggest that proteasome inhibition is a relatively common mode of action by cytotoxic compounds containing Michael acceptor groups and help to explain previous reports on the antineoplastic effects of natural products containing such functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Selvaraju
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Arjan Mofers
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Paola Pellegrini
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johannes Salomonsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Ahlner
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vivian Morad
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Belen Espinosa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Maria V Turkina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine SE-58185 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Padraig D'Arcy
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michael A Walters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, United States
| | - Maria Sunnerhagen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oxidative Stress Induced by the Deubiquitinase Inhibitor b-AP15 Is Associated with Mitochondrial Impairment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1659468. [PMID: 31281566 PMCID: PMC6590552 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1659468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the 20S proteasome such as bortezomib are cytotoxic to tumor cells and have been proven to be valuable for the clinical management of multiple myeloma. The therapeutic efficacy of bortezomib is, however, hampered by the emergence of acquired resistance. Available data suggest that blocking proteasome activity at the level of proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs) provides a mechanism to overcome resistance to bortezomib and also to other cancer therapies. The small molecule b-AP15 is an inhibitor of proteasome-associated DUB activity that induces both proteotoxic stress and increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells. Antioxidants have been shown to decrease apoptosis induction by b-AP15 and we here addressed the question of the mechanism of redox perturbation by this compound. We show that oxidative stress induction by b-AP15 is abrogated in cells deprived of mitochondrial DNA (ρ0 cells). We also show associations between the level of proteotoxic stress, the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction, and the extent of induction of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), a target of the redox-regulated Nrf-2 transcription factor. Decreased expression of COX5b (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5b) and TOMM34 (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 34) was observed in b-AP15-treated cells. These findings suggest a mitochondrial origin of the increased levels of ROS observed in cells exposed to the DUB inhibitor b-AP15.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mooneyham A, Iizuka Y, Yang Q, Coombes C, McClellan M, Shridhar V, Emmings E, Shetty M, Chen L, Ai T, Meints J, Lee MK, Gardner M, Bazzaro M. UNC-45A Is a Novel Microtubule-Associated Protein and Regulator of Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:370-383. [PMID: 30322860 PMCID: PMC6359974 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNC-45A, a highly conserved member of the UCS (UNC45A/CRO1/SHE4P) protein family of cochaperones, plays an important role in regulating cytoskeletal-associated functions in invertebrates and mammalian cells, including cytokinesis, exocytosis, cell motility, and neuronal development. Here, for the first time, UNC-45A is demonstrated to function as a mitotic spindle-associated protein that destabilizes microtubules (MT) activity. Using in vitro biophysical reconstitution and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy analysis, we reveal that UNC-45A directly binds to taxol-stabilized MTs in the absence of any additional cellular cofactors or other MT-associated proteins and acts as an ATP-independent MT destabilizer. In cells, UNC-45A binds to and destabilizes mitotic spindles, and its depletion causes severe defects in chromosome congression and segregation. UNC-45A is overexpressed in human clinical specimens from chemoresistant ovarian cancer and that UNC-45A-overexpressing cells resist chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy when treated with clinically relevant concentrations of paclitaxel. Lastly, UNC-45A depletion exacerbates paclitaxel-mediated stabilizing effects on mitotic spindles and restores sensitivity to paclitaxel. IMPLICATIONS: These findings reveal novel and significant roles for UNC-45A in regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, broadening our understanding of the basic mechanisms regulating MT stability and human cancer susceptibility to paclitaxel, one of the most widely used chemotherapy agents for the treatment of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Mooneyham
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yoshie Iizuka
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Courtney Coombes
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Mark McClellan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Vijayalakshmi Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Edith Emmings
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mihir Shetty
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Teng Ai
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Joyce Meints
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael K Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Melissa Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,,Corresponding author: Martina Bazzaro, Masonic Cancer Center, 420 Delaware Street S.E, Room 490, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Tel: 612-6252889, Fax: 612-626-0665,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li X, Huang Q, Long H, Zhang P, Su H, Liu J. A new gold(I) complex-Au(PPh 3)PT is a deubiquitinase inhibitor and inhibits tumor growth. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:159-172. [PMID: 30527624 PMCID: PMC6354570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is integral to cell survival by maintaining protein homeostasis, and its dysfunction has been linked to cancer and several other human diseases. Through counteracting ubiquitination, deubiquitinases (DUBs) can either positively or negatively regulate UPS function, thereby representing attractive targets of cancer therapies. Previous studies have shown that metal complexes can inhibit tumor growth through targeting the UPS; however, novel metal complexes with higher specificity for cancer therapy are still lacking. Methods We synthesized a new gold(I) complex, Au(PPh3)PT. The inhibitory activity of Au(PPh3)PT on the UPS and the growth of multiple cancer cell types were tested in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Furthermore, we compared the efficacy of Au(PPh3)PT with other metal compounds in inhibition of UPS function and tumor growth. Findings Here we report that (i) a new gold(I) complex-pyrithione, i.e., Au(PPh3)PT, induced apoptosis in two lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H1299; (ii) Au(PPh3)PT severely impaired UPS proteolytic function; (iii) Au(PPh3)PT selectively inhibited 19S proteasome-associated DUBs (UCHL5 and USP14) and other non-proteasomal DUBs with minimal effects on the function of 20S proteasome; (iv) Au(PPh3)PT induced apoptosis in cancer cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients; (v) Au(PPh3)PT effectively suppressed the growth of lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice; and (vi) Au (PPh3)PT elicited less cytotoxicity in normal cells than several other metal compounds. Interpretation Together, this study discovers a new gold(I) complex to be an effective inhibitor of the DUBs and a potential anti-cancer drug. Fund The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China, the project of Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation, the projects from Foundation for Higher Education of Guangdong, the project from Guangzhou Medical University for Doctor Scientists, the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, and the Guangzhou Key Medical Discipline Construction Project Fund.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China; Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingtian Huang
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Huidan Long
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Huabo Su
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China; Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China; Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang X, Pellegrini P, Saei AA, Hillert EK, Mazurkiewicz M, Olofsson MH, Zubarev RA, D'Arcy P, Linder S. The deubiquitinase inhibitor b-AP15 induces strong proteotoxic stress and mitochondrial damage. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:291-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
32
|
Anchoori RK, Jiang R, Peng S, Soong RS, Algethami A, Rudek MA, Anders N, Hung CF, Chen X, Lu X, Kayode O, Dyba M, Walters KJ, Roden RBS. Covalent Rpn13-Binding Inhibitors for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11917-11929. [PMID: 30288466 PMCID: PMC6166221 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Substitution of the m,p-chloro groups of bis-benzylidinepiperidone RA190 for p-nitro, generating RA183, enhanced covalent drug binding to Cys88 of RPN13. Treatment of cancer cell lines with RA183 inhibited ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, resulting in rapid accumulation of high-molecular-weight polyubiquitinated proteins, blockade of NFκB signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, an unfolded protein response, production of reactive oxygen species, and apoptotic cell death. High-grade ovarian cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and multiple myeloma cell lines were particularly vulnerable to RA183. RA183 stabilized a tetraubiquitin-linked firefly luciferase reporter protein in cancer cell lines and mice, demonstrating in vitro and in vivo proteasomal inhibition, respectively. However, RA183 was rapidly cleared from plasma, likely reflecting its rapid degradation to the active compound RA9, as seen in human liver microsomes. Intraperitoneal administration of RA183 inhibited proteasome function and orthotopic tumor growth in mice bearing human ovarian cancer model ES2-luc ascites or syngeneic ID8-luc tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Anchoori
- Department
of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Rosie Jiang
- Department
of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Shiwen Peng
- Department
of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Ruey-shyang Soong
- Department
of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung
Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung
City, Taiwan 204, ROC
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, ROC
| | - Aliyah Algethami
- Department
of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Michelle A. Rudek
- Department
of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Nicole Anders
- Department
of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department
of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Xiang Chen
- Protein Processing Section, Biophysics Resource, and Basic Science
Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer
Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Xiuxiu Lu
- Protein Processing Section, Biophysics Resource, and Basic Science
Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer
Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Olumide Kayode
- Protein Processing Section, Biophysics Resource, and Basic Science
Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer
Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Marzena Dyba
- Protein Processing Section, Biophysics Resource, and Basic Science
Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer
Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Kylie J. Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Biophysics Resource, and Basic Science
Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer
Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Department
of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hu T, Zhang J, Sha B, Li M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Dong Z, Liu Z, Li P, Chen P. Targeting the overexpressed USP7 inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell growth by inducing NOXA-mediated apoptosis. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:42-54. [PMID: 30182448 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that deubiquitinase USP7 participates in tumor progression by various mechanisms and serves as a potential therapeutic target. However, its expression and role in esophageal cancer remains elusive; the anti-cancer effect by targeting USP7 still needs to be investigated. Here, we reported that USP7 was overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues compared with adjacent tissues, implying that USP7 was an attractive anticancer target of ESCC. Pharmaceutical or genetic inactivation of USP7 inhibited esophageal cancer cells growth in vitro and in vivo and induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, inhibition of USP7 accumulated poly-ubiquitinated proteins, activated endoplasmic reticulum stress, and increased expression of ATF4, which transcriptionally upregulated expression of NOXA and induced NOXA-mediated apoptosis. These results provide an evidence for clinical investigation of USP7 inhibitors for the treatment of ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan province for cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan province for cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Breast surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Sha
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan province for cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan province for cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Longhao Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan province for cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan province for cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingge Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan province for cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziming Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan province for cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Breast surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan province for cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan province for cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Patel K, Ahmed ZSO, Huang X, Yang Q, Ekinci E, Neslund-Dudas CM, Mitra B, Elnady FAEM, Ahn YH, Yang H, Liu J, Dou QP. Discovering proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitors for cancer therapy: lessons from rational design, nature and old drug reposition. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2087-2108. [PMID: 30066579 PMCID: PMC6123888 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system has been validated as a target of cancer therapies evident by the US FDA approval of anticancer 20S proteasome inhibitors. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), an essential component of the ubiquitin proteasome system, regulate cellular processes through the removal of ubiquitin from ubiquitinated-tagged proteins. The deubiquitination process has been linked with cancer and other pathologies. As such, the study of proteasomal DUBs and their inhibitors has garnered interest as a novel strategy to improve current cancer therapies, especially for cancers resistant to 20S proteasome inhibitors. This article reviews proteasomal DUB inhibitors in the context of: discovery through rational design approach, discovery from searching natural products and discovery from repurposing old drugs, and offers a future perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kush Patel
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zainab SO Ahmed
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- School of Life Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Elmira Ekinci
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Christine M Neslund-Dudas
- Department of Public Health Sciences & Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, One Ford Place, Suite 5C, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Bharati Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fawzy AEM Elnady
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Young-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Huanjie Yang
- School of Life Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Qing Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Protein Modification & Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Molecular Targets of Active Anticancer Compounds Derived from Marine Sources. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050175. [PMID: 29786660 PMCID: PMC5983306 DOI: 10.3390/md16050175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, a number of novel compounds, which are produced in the marine environment, have been found to exhibit the anticancer effects. This review focuses on molecular targets of marine-derived anticancer candidates in clinical and preclinical studies. They are kinases, transcription factors, histone deacetylase, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and so on. Specific emphasis of this review paper is to provide information on the optimization of new target compounds for future research and development of anticancer drugs, based on the identification of structures of these target molecules and parallel compounds.
Collapse
|
36
|
High Expression of Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase L1 Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer Patients. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 28:675-683. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) plays a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 is overexpressed in various cancers and reported to be correlated with a poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of UCHL1 in endometrial cancer.MethodsThe expression of UCHL1 in endometrial cancer was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in 56 and 215 resected tumor specimens, respectively.ResultsThe 4-year survival rates of the high UCHL1 messenger RNA expression group and high UCHL1 protein expression group were 78% and 71%, respectively, compared with 96% and 95% for the low UCHL1 messenger RNA expression group and low UCHL1 protein expression group, respectively. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests indicated a significant correlation between expression of UCHL1 and disease-free survival and overall survival. Moreover, multivariate stepwise Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that UCHL1 was a significant independent marker for predicting a poor disease-free survival and overall survival. In 43 patients with metastatic lesions, immunohistochemical analysis of metastatic lesions revealed that the recurrence rate and mortality rate were 62% and 41%, respectively, in 29 UCHL1-positive patients and 36% and 29%, respectively, in 14 UCHL1-negative patients.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that high UCHL1 expression is a strong marker of poor prognosis of endometrial cancer. Furthermore, we suggest that UCHL1 may be involved in the development of distant metastasis in endometrial cancer.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen X, Yang Q, Xiao L, Tang D, Dou QP, Liu J. Metal-based proteasomal deubiquitinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:655-668. [PMID: 29039082 PMCID: PMC5721122 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) play an important role in protein quality control in eukaryotic cells due to their ability to specifically remove ubiquitin from substrate proteins. Therefore, recent findings have focused on the relevance of DUBs to cancer development, and pharmacological intervention on these enzymes has become a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In particular, several DUBs are physically and/or functionally associated with the proteasome and are attractive targets for the development of novel anticancer drugs. The successful clinical application of cisplatin in cancer treatment has prompted researchers to develop various metal-based anticancer agents with new properties. Recently, we have reported that several metal-based drugs, such as the antirheumatic gold agent auranofin (AF), the antifouling paint biocides copper pyrithione (CuPT) and zinc pyrithione (ZnPT), and also our two synthesized complexes platinum pyrithione (PtPT) and nickel pyrithione (NiPT), can target the proteasomal DUBs UCHL5 and USP14. In this review, we summarize the recently reported small molecule inhibitors of proteasomal DUBs, with a focus on discussion of the unique nature of metal-based proteasomal DUB inhibitors and their anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, USA.,Department of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201-2013, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The binding landscape of a partially-selective isopeptidase inhibitor with potent pro-death activity, based on the bis(arylidene)cyclohexanone scaffold. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:184. [PMID: 29416018 PMCID: PMC5833369 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diaryldienone derivatives with accessible β-carbons show strong anti-neoplastic properties, related to their ability to make covalent adducts with free thiols by Michael addition, and low toxicity in vivo. Accumulation of poly-ubiquitylated proteins, activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and induction of cell death are universal hallmarks of their activities. These compounds have been characterized as inhibitors of isopeptidases, a family of cysteine-proteases, which de-conjugate ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins from their targets. However, it is unclear whether they can also react with additional proteins. In this work, we utilized the biotin-conjugated diaryldienone-derivative named 2c, as a bait to purify novel cellular targets of these small molecules. Proteomic analyses have unveiled that, in addition to isopeptidases, these inhibitors can form stable covalent adducts with different intracellular proteins, thus potentially impacting on multiple functions of the cells, from cytoskeletal organization to metabolism. These widespread activities can explain the ability of diaryldienone derivatives to efficiently trigger different cell death pathways.
Collapse
|
39
|
USP14 is a predictor of recurrence in endometrial cancer and a molecular target for endometrial cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:30962-76. [PMID: 27121063 PMCID: PMC5058731 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Most endometrial cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage and have good prognosis. Unfortunately a subset of patients with early stage and low grade disease experience recurrence for reasons that remain unclear. Recurrence is often accompanied by chemoresistance and high mortality. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are key components of the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway and act as master regulators in a number of metabolic processes including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. DUBs have been shown to be upregulated in a number of human cancers and their aberrant activity has been linked to cancer progression, initiation and onset of chemoresistance. Thus, selective inhibition of DUBs has been proposed as a targeted therapy for cancer treatment. This study suggests the DUB USP14 as a promising biomarker for stratifying endometrial cancer patients at diagnosis based on their risk of recurrence. Further USP14 is expressed along with the marker of proliferation Ki67 in endometrial cancer cells in situ. Lastly, pharmacological targeting of USP14 with the FDA approved small-molecule inhibitor VLX1570, decreases cell viability in chemotherapy resistant endometrial cancer cells with a mechanism consistent with cell cycle arrest and caspase-3 mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao C, Chen X, Yang C, Zang D, Lan X, Liao S, Zhang P, Wu J, Li X, Liu N, Liao Y, Huang H, Shi X, Jiang L, Liu X, Dou QP, Wang X, Liu J. Repurposing an antidandruff agent to treating cancer: zinc pyrithione inhibits tumor growth via targeting proteasome-associated deubiquitinases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13942-13956. [PMID: 28086217 PMCID: PMC5355152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in various cellular processes through selectively degrading proteins involved in critical cellular functions. Targeting UPS has been validated as a novel strategy for treating human cancer, as inhibitors of the 20S proteasome catalytic activity are currently in clinical use for treatment of multiple myeloma and other cancers, and the deubiquitinase activity associated with the proteasome is also a valid target for anticancer agents. Recent studies suggested that zinc pyrithione, an FDA-approved antidandruff agent, may have antitumor activity, but the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) targets the proteasome-associated DUBs (USP14 and UCHL5) and inhibits their activities, resulting in a rapid accumulation of protein-ubiquitin conjugates, but without inhibiting the proteolytic activities of 20S proteasomes. Furthermore, ZnPT exhibits cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines in vitro, selectively kills bone marrow cells from leukemia patients ex vivo, and efficiently inhibits the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell xenografts in nude mice. This study has identified zinc pyrithione, an FDA-approved pharmacological agent with potential antitumor properties as a proteasomal DUB inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Changshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Dan Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Xiaoying Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Siyan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China.,Guangzhou Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Yuning Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Xianping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- The Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2013, USA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China.,Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Homeostasis in Reproductive Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040792. [PMID: 28397763 PMCID: PMC5412376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), comprises 60% of the total cell membrane and interacts directly or indirectly with several cell organelles i.e., Golgi bodies, mitochondria and proteasomes. The ER is usually associated with large numbers of attached ribosomes. During evolution, ER developed as the specific cellular site of synthesis, folding, modification and trafficking of secretory and cell-surface proteins. The ER is also the major intracellular calcium storage compartment that maintains cellular calcium homeostasis. During the production of functionally effective proteins, several ER-specific molecular steps sense quantity and quality of synthesized proteins as well as proper folding into their native structures. During this process, excess accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER lumen results in ER stress, the homeostatic coping mechanism that activates an ER-specific adaptation program, (the unfolded protein response; UPR) to increase ER-associated degradation of structurally and/or functionally defective proteins, thus sustaining ER homeostasis. Impaired ER homeostasis results in aberrant cellular responses, contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Both female and male reproductive tissues undergo highly dynamic cellular, molecular and genetic changes such as oogenesis and spermatogenesis starting in prenatal life, mainly controlled by sex-steroids but also cytokines and growth factors throughout reproductive life. These reproductive changes require ER to provide extensive protein synthesis, folding, maturation and then their trafficking to appropriate cellular location as well as destroying unfolded/misfolded proteins via activating ER-associated degradation mediated proteasomes. Many studies have now shown roles for ER stress/UPR signaling cascades in the endometrial menstrual cycle, ovarian folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation, spermatogenesis, fertilization, pre-implantation embryo development and pregnancy and parturition. Conversely, the contribution of impaired ER homeostasis by severe/prolong ER stress-mediated UPR signaling pathways to several reproductive tissue pathologies including endometriosis, cancers, recurrent pregnancy loss and pregnancy complications associated with pre-term birth have been reported. This review focuses on ER stress and UPR signaling mechanisms, and their potential roles in female and male reproductive physiopathology involving in menstrual cycle changes, gametogenesis, preimplantation embryo development, implantation and placentation, labor, endometriosis, pregnancy complications and preterm birth as well as reproductive system tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Maintenance of proper cellular homeostasis requires constant surveillance and precise regulation of intracellular protein content. Protein monitoring and degradation is performed by two distinct pathways in a cell: the autophage-lysosome pathway and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Protein degradation pathways are frequently dysregulated in multiple cancer types and can be both tumor suppressive and tumor promoting. This knowledge has presented the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy as attractive cancer therapeutic targets. Deubiquitinating enzymes of the UPS have garnered recent attention in the field of cancer therapeutics due to their frequent dysregulation in multiple cancer types. The content of this chapter discusses reasoning behind and advances toward targeting autophagy and the deubiquitinating enzymes of the UPS in cancer therapy, as well as the compelling evidence suggesting that simultaneous targeting of these protein degradation systems may deliver the most effective, synergistic strategy to kill cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Mooneyham
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jin WL, Mao XY, Qiu GZ. Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Expectations and Challenges. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:627-661. [PMID: 27775833 DOI: 10.1002/med.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Despite standard treatment with tumor resection and radiochemotherapy, the outcome remains gloomy. It is evident that a combination of oncogenic gain of function and tumor-suppressive loss of function has been attributed to glioma initiation and progression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a well-orchestrated system that controls the fate of most proteins by striking a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of substrates, having a profound influence on the modulation of oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and cellular signaling pathways. In recent years, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as potential anti-cancer targets due to their targeting several key proteins involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. This review attempts to summarize recent studies of GBM-associated DUBs, their roles in various cellular processes, and discuss the relation between DUBs deregulation and gliomagenesis, especially how DUBs regulate glioma stem cells pluripotency, microenvironment, and resistance of radiation and chemotherapy through core stem-cell transcriptional factors. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of DUBs, and attempted to find a potential GBM treatment by DUBs intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,National Centers for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhong Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, 250031, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tomasella A, Picco R, Ciotti S, Sgorbissa A, Bianchi E, Manfredini R, Benedetti F, Trimarco V, Frezzato F, Trentin L, Semenzato G, Delia D, Brancolini C. The isopeptidase inhibitor 2cPE triggers proteotoxic stress and ATM activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:45429-45443. [PMID: 27259251 PMCID: PMC5216732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse after treatment is a common and unresolved problem for patients suffering of the B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Here we investigated the ability of the isopeptidase inhibitor 2cPE to trigger apoptosis in leukemia cells in comparison with bortezomib, another inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Both inhibitors trigger apoptosis in CLL B cells and gene expression profiles studies denoted how a substantial part of genes up-regulated by these compounds are elements of adaptive responses, aimed to sustain cell survival. 2cPE treatment elicits the up-regulation of chaperones, proteasomal subunits and elements of the anti-oxidant response. Selective inhibition of these responses augments apoptosis in response to 2cPE treatment. We have also observed that the product of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM) is activated in 2cPE treated cells. Stimulation of ATM signaling is possibly dependent on the alteration of the redox homeostasis. Importantly ATM inhibition, mutations or down-modulation increase cell death in response to 2cPE. Overall this work suggests that 2cPE could offer new opportunities for the treatment of B-CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tomasella
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Raffaella Picco
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sonia Ciotti
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Sgorbissa
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhao C, Chen X, Zang D, Lan X, Liao S, Yang C, Zhang P, Wu J, Li X, Liu N, Liao Y, Huang H, Shi X, Jiang L, Liu X, He Z, Wang X, Liu J. Platinum-containing compound platinum pyrithione is stronger and safer than cisplatin in cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 116:22-38. [PMID: 27381943 PMCID: PMC5287571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA is the well-known molecular target of current platinum-based anticancer drugs; consequently, their clinical use is severely restricted by their systemic toxicities and drug resistance originating from non-selective DNA damage. Various strategies have been developed to circumvent the shortcomings of platinum-based chemotherapy but the inherent problem remains unsolved. Here we report that platinum pyrithione (PtPT), a chemically well-characterized synthetic complex of platinum, inhibits proteasome function and thereby exhibits greater and more selective cytotoxicity to multiple cancer cells than cisplatin, without showing discernible DNA damage both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, unlike the classical proteasome inhibitor bortezomib/Velcade which inhibits the proteasome via blocking the peptidase activity of 20S proteasomes, PtPT primarily deactivates 26S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases USP14 and UCHL5. Furthermore, PtPT can selectively induce cytotoxicity and proteasome inhibition in cancer cells from leukemia patients but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy humans. In nude mice, PtPT also remarkably inhibited tumor xenograft growth, without showing the adverse effects that were induced by cisplatin. Hence, we have discovered a new platinum-based anti-tumor agent PtPT which targets 26S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases rather than DNA in the cell and thereby exerts safer and more potent anti-tumor effects, identifying a highly translatable new platinum-based anti-cancer strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Zang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Lan
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyan Liao
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Changshan Yang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Yuning Liao
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianping Shi
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.,Key Lab of Natural Drug and Immune Engineering of Henan Province, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
The proteasome deubiquitinase inhibitor VLX1570 shows selectivity for ubiquitin-specific protease-14 and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26979. [PMID: 27264969 PMCID: PMC4893612 DOI: 10.1038/srep26979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of deubiquitinase (DUB) activity is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. VLX1570 is an inhibitor of proteasome DUB activity currently in clinical trials for relapsed multiple myeloma. Here we show that VLX1570 binds to and inhibits the activity of ubiquitin-specific protease-14 (USP14) in vitro, with comparatively weaker inhibitory activity towards UCHL5 (ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase-5). Exposure of multiple myeloma cells to VLX1570 resulted in thermostabilization of USP14 at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Transient knockdown of USP14 or UCHL5 expression by electroporation of siRNA reduced the viability of multiple myeloma cells. Treatment of multiple myeloma cells with VLX1570 induced the accumulation of proteasome-bound high molecular weight polyubiquitin conjugates and an apoptotic response. Sensitivity to VLX1570 was moderately affected by altered drug uptake, but was unaffected by overexpression of BCL2-family proteins or inhibitors of caspase activity. Finally, treatment with VLX1570 was found to lead to extended survival in xenograft models of multiple myeloma. Our findings demonstrate promising antiproliferative activity of VLX1570 in multiple myeloma, primarily associated with inhibition of USP14 activity.
Collapse
|
47
|
Vogel RI, Coughlin K, Scotti A, Iizuka Y, Anchoori R, Roden RBS, Marastoni M, Bazzaro M. Simultaneous inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) and autophagy synergistically kills breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4159-70. [PMID: 25784654 PMCID: PMC4414179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women in the United States. Patients expressing the estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2) tumor markers have favorable prognosis and efficacious therapeutic options. In contrast, tumors that are negative for these markers (triple-negative) have a disproportionate share of morbidity and mortality due to lack of a validated molecular target. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a critical component of ubiquitin-proteasome-system degradation and have been shown to be differentially expressed and activated in a number of cancers, including breast, with their aberrant activity linked to cancer prognosis and clinical outcome. We evaluated the effect of the DUB inhibitors b-AP15 and RA-9 alone and in combination with early- and late-stage lysosomal inhibitors on cell viability in a panel of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Our results indicate small-molecule DUB inhibitors have a profound effect on TNBC viability and lead to activation of autophagy as a cellular mechanism to compensate for ubiquitin-proteasome-system stress. Treatment with sub-optimal doses of DUB and lysosome inhibitors synergistically kills TNBC cells. This supports the evaluation of DUB inhibition, in combination with lysosomal inhibition, as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Coughlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alessandra Scotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yoshie Iizuka
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ravi Anchoori
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mauro Marastoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Inhibition of proteasome deubiquitinase activity: a strategy to overcome resistance to conventional proteasome inhibitors? Drug Resist Updat 2015; 21-22:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
49
|
Wang X, D'Arcy P, Caulfield TR, Paulus A, Chitta K, Mohanty C, Gullbo J, Chanan-Khan A, Linder S. Synthesis and evaluation of derivatives of the proteasome deubiquitinase inhibitor b-AP15. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1036-48. [PMID: 25854145 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is increasingly recognized as a therapeutic target for the development of anticancer therapies. The success of the 20S proteasome core particle (20S CP) inhibitor bortezomib in the clinical management of multiple myeloma has raised the possibility of identifying other UPS components for therapeutic intervention. We previously identified the small molecule b-AP15 as an inhibitor of 19S proteasome deubiquitinase (DUB) activity. Building upon our previous data, we performed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study on b-AP15 and identified VLX1570 as an analog with promising properties, including enhanced potency and improved solubility in aqueous solution. In silico modeling was consistent with interaction of VLX1570 with key cysteine residues located at the active sites of the proteasome DUBs USP14 and UCHL5. VLX1570 was found to inhibit proteasome deubiquitinase activity in vitro in a manner consistent with competitive inhibition. Furthermore, using active-site-directed probes, VLX1570 also inhibited proteasome DUB activity in exposed cells. Importantly, VLX1570 did not show inhibitory activity on a panel of recombinant non-proteasome DUBs, on recombinant kinases, or on caspase-3 activity, suggesting that VLX1570 is not an overtly reactive general enzyme inhibitor. Taken together, our data shows the chemical and biological properties of VLX1570 as an optimized proteasome DUB inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pádraig D'Arcy
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas R Caulfield
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Aneel Paulus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Kasyapa Chitta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Chitralekha Mohanty
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Gullbo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Oncology, Uppsala University, S-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Asher Chanan-Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.,Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Griffin P, Sexton A, Macneill L, Iizuka Y, Lee MK, Bazzaro M. Method for measuring the activity of deubiquitinating enzymes in cell lines and tissue samples. J Vis Exp 2015:e52784. [PMID: 25993605 DOI: 10.3791/52784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system has recently been implicated in various pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In light of this, techniques for studying the regulatory mechanism of this system are essential to elucidating the cellular and molecular processes of the aforementioned diseases. The use of hemagglutinin derived ubiquitin probes outlined in this paper serves as a valuable tool for the study of this system. This paper details a method that enables the user to perform assays that give a direct visualization of deubiquitinating enzyme activity. Deubiquitinating enzymes control proteasomal degradation and share functional homology at their active sites, which allows the user to investigate the activity of multiple enzymes in one assay. Lysates are obtained through gentle mechanical cell disruption and incubated with active site directed probes. Functional enzymes are tagged with the probes while inactive enzymes remain unbound. By running this assay, the user obtains information on both the activity and potential expression of multiple deubiquitinating enzymes in a fast and easy manner. The current method is significantly more efficient than using individual antibodies for the predicted one hundred deubiquitinating enzymes in the human cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Percy Griffin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota
| | - Ashley Sexton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota
| | - Lauren Macneill
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota
| | - Yoshie Iizuka
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
| | - Michael K Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota;
| |
Collapse
|