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Khaled NA, Ibrahim MA, Mohamed NA, Ahmed SA, Ahmed NS. DFT studies on N-(1-(2-bromobenzoyl)-4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-5-yl). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 323:124864. [PMID: 39067358 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In this work, molecular descriptors of N-(1-(2-bromobenzoyl)-4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) halogenated benzamides (1a-h) have been computed using a quantum chemical technique through DFT. Prior work involved the synthesis of compounds (1a-h) and the assessment of their anticancer activity on breast, colon, and liver tumors: MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG-2 cell lines respectively. Since 1a, 1b, and 1d showed the most potential anticancer impact, their ability to inhibit EGFRWT was investigated. Based on the biological data, 1b inhibited EGFRWT the most. According to the docking evaluation, an H-bond with the threonine residue was one of the main non-covalent contacts between 1b and the EGFRWT active site residues. PES, MESP, HOMOs, LUMOs, energy band gap, global reactivity indices [electron affinity (A), ionization energies (I), electrophilicity index (ω), nucleophilicity index (ε), chemical potential (μ), electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), and softness (S)], condensed Fukui functions, NBO, and NCIs are the molecular descriptors of 1a-h that were computed using DFT technique. According to the theoretical investigation results, compounds (1a-h) might have anticancer effects; these findings are consistent with the biological findings from our previous research. Compound 1b had the lowest binding energy, according to an assessment of the binding energies between the threonine and the three most active compounds (1a, 1b, and 1d). This is consistent with the outcomes of the docking study and the biological examination of the influence of 1a, 1b, and 1d on EGFRWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Khaled
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Medhat A Ibrahim
- Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Neama A Mohamed
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Sayed A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt; Basic Science Department, Faculty of Engineering, Nahda University Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Nesreen S Ahmed
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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2
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Xiong F, Shen Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Jiang X. Osimerinib haematological toxicities in non-small cell lung cancer: a randomised controlled trials meta-analysis. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024:spcare-2024-005113. [PMID: 39159992 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2024-005113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osimertinib plays a crucial role in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the haematological toxicities caused by osimertinib in such a population have not been well characterised. This analysis was performed to determine the incidence of osimertinib-related haematological toxicity in patients with NSCLC. METHOD A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Eligible studies were included to describe the pooled incidences of anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia secondary to osimertinib in NSCLC patients. RESULTS 1288 patients from 10 studies were enrolled in this study. The overall incidences of osimertinib-related all-grade anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in NSCLC patients were 21.1% (95% CI 10.9% to 33.3%), 14.6% (95% CI 5.9% to 26.1%) and 28.4% (95% CI 12.4% to 47.6%), respectively. In items of high-grade haematological toxicities, there were 0.5% (95% CI 0.1% to 1.1%) for anaemia, 2.0% (95% CI 0.3% to 4.6%) for neutropenia and 0.4% (95% CI 0% to 1.1%) for thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS There is non-negligible haematological toxicity associated with osimertinib, and it should be taken seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yunzhu Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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3
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Dong T, Liu Z. Understanding the treatment response and resistance to targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer: clinical insights and perspectives. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1387345. [PMID: 39055566 PMCID: PMC11269125 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1387345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype of lung cancer with a generally poor prognosis. In recent years, advances in targeted therapy and sequencing technology have brought significant improvement in the therapeutic outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC. Targeted inhibitors directed against specific mutated or rearranged oncogenes, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and receptor tyrosine kinase ROS proto-oncogene 1(ROS1) among others, exhibit promising anti-tumor activity. Unfortunately, some patients develop acquired resistance and disease progression soon after initial remission. Despite the continuous development of new drugs and strategies to overcome drug resistance, it is still a major challenge in the treatment of NSCLC. The landscape of targeted therapy for NSCLC is evolving rapidly in response to the pace of scientific research. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of tumor target antigens and agents related to targeted therapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Dong
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Chunmei CHEN, Yang YU, Meijuan HUANG. [Afatinib Treatment for Advanced Mixed Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
with CRISPLD2-NRG1 Fusion: A Case Report and Literature Review]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:399-404. [PMID: 38880928 PMCID: PMC11183315 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.102.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignant disease and the leading cause of cancer death in China. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for over 80% of all lung cancers, and the probability of NSCLC gene mutations is high, with a wide variety of types. With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) detection technology, more and more patients with rare fusion gene mutations are detected. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene is a rare oncogenic driver that can lead to activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (Her3/ErbB3) mediated pathway, resulting in tumor formation. In this article, we reported a case of mixed NSCLC with CRISPLD2-NRG1 fusion detected by RNA-based NGS, who responsed to Afatinib well after 1 month of treatment, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed shrinkage of intracranial lesions. Meanwhile, we also compiled previously reported NSCLC patients with NRG1 rare gene fusion mutation, in order to provide effective references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Ryu WK, Yong SH, Lee SH, Gwon HR, Kim HR, Hong MH, Oh GE, Jung S, Kim CY, Chang YS, Kim EY. Usefulness of bronchial washing fluid for detection of EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2023; 186:107390. [PMID: 37820540 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The implementation of bronchial washing fluid (BWF) as a diagnostic specimen may complement the low diagnostic yields of plasma in detecting EGFR mutation (mEGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer. However, the diagnostic value of BWF in detecting mEGFR has yet to be clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS From March 2021 to August 2022, patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC with matched tumor tissue, BWF, and/or plasma samples were enrolled. Patients were classified into either initial diagnosis or rebiopsy groups. Diagnostic yields of mEGFR in BWF and plasma were evaluated using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and compared to mEGFR in tumor tissue as standard. RESULTS The study included 123 patients (74.1 %) in the initial diagnosis and 43 patients (25.9 %) in the rebiopsy group. BWF showed higher sensitivity, specificity, and concordance rates than plasma in both the initial diagnosis (57.4 %, 96.4 %, and 74.0 % vs. 16.4 %, 96.2 %, and 53.1 %) and the rebiopsy group (87.9 %, 60.0 %, and 81.4 % vs. 25.0 %, 75.0 %, and 41.7 %). In the initial diagnosis group, mEGFR was detected in the BWF of 13 out of 16 patients, even in the absence of tumor cells in the tissue biopsy. In these cases, EGFR test results obtained from BWF showed concordance with EGFR test results from the tumor tissue obtained through repeated biopsy or surgery later. In the rebiopsy group, T790M was detected in 16 patients (37.2 %) by tissue biopsy. The combined use of tissue biopsy and BWF increased detection, confirming T790M in 22 patients (51.2 %). DISCUSSION The detection of mEGFR using BWF shows higher diagnostic yields than plasma for both initial diagnosis and rebiopsy. T790M was detected earlier in BWF than in tissue rebiopsy in some cases, providing patients with an early opportunity to access third-generation EGFR-TKIs. The complementary use of BWF with tumor tissue may improve precision in EGFR-mutated NSCLC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, 27, Inhang‑ro, Jung‑gu, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Yong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Gwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Eun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Fontanesi M, Micheli A, Milazzo P, Podda M. Exploiting the structure of biochemical pathways to investigate dynamical properties with neural networks for graphs. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad678. [PMID: 37951586 PMCID: PMC10651430 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Dynamical properties of biochemical pathways (BPs) help in understanding the functioning of living cells. Their in silico assessment requires simulating a dynamical system with a large number of parameters such as kinetic constants and species concentrations. Such simulations are based on numerical methods that can be time-expensive for large BPs. Moreover, parameters are often unknown and need to be estimated. RESULTS We developed a framework for the prediction of dynamical properties of BPs directly from the structure of their graph representation. We represent BPs as Petri nets, which can be automatically generated, for instance, from standard SBML representations. The core of the framework is a neural network for graphs that extracts relevant information directly from the Petri net structure and exploits them to learn the association with the desired dynamical property. We show experimentally that the proposed approach reliably predicts a range of diverse dynamical properties (robustness, monotonicity, and sensitivity) while being faster than numerical methods at prediction time. In synergy with the neural network models, we propose a methodology based on Petri nets arc knock-out that allows the role of each molecule in the occurrence of a certain dynamical property to be better elucidated. The methodology also provides insights useful for interpreting the predictions made by the model. The results support the conjecture often considered in the context of systems biology that the BP structure plays a primary role in the assessment of its dynamical properties. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/marcopodda/petri-bio (code), https://zenodo.org/record/7610382 (data).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fontanesi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Micheli
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Milazzo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Podda
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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7
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Joshi J, Pandit A, Tarapara B, Patel H, Bhavnagari H, Panchal H, Shah FD. An association of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation subtypes with prognostic prediction and site-specific recurrence in advanced stage lung cancer patients. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5105-5115. [PMID: 37099232 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerning the different clinical behavior of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) subtypes in advanced-stage lung cancer patients, the current study aimed to evaluate the clinical, pathological, and prognostic significance of EGFR mutation subtypes, and treatment response in patients with advanced-stage lung cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS A retrospective study enrolled a total of 346 patients with advanced-stage lung cancer tested for EGFR mutation. EGFR mutation was analyzed by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. EGFR mutation was evident in 38% of patients with the highest prevalence of exon 19 deletions. A higher incidence of 19-deletions and 20-insertions were observed in young patients, while a higher incidence of L858R was noted in old age patients. Patients with de-novo T790M failed to improve their OS by any of the treatment modalities. Patients with de-novo T790M mutation have a higher risk of developing lung, liver, and multiple site metastases while patients with L858R mutation have a higher risk of developing brain metastasis. Additionally, patients with 19 deletion mutation did not improve their OS after receiving conventional chemotherapy hence, they demonstrate better survival only after EGFR-TKIs. Multivariate survival analysis predicted chemotherapy as an independent predictor of OS. CONCLUSION Besides clinicopathological and prognostic consequences of EGFR mutation and mutation subtypes, patients harboring TKI sensitive, or insensitive mutations reveal different secondary disease development and hence should be treated accordingly for better survival. Current findings may provide the basis for a better treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigna Joshi
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Apexa Pandit
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Bhoomi Tarapara
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Hitarth Patel
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Hunayna Bhavnagari
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Harsha Panchal
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Franky D Shah
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-3, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India.
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Laktionov KK, Artamonova EV, Borisova TN, Breder VV, Bychkov IM, Vladimirova LI, Volkov NM, Ergnian SM, Zhabina AS, Kononets PV, Kuzminov AE, Levchenko EV, Malikhova OA, Marinov DT, Miller SV, Moiseenko FV, Mochal’nikova VV, Novikov SN, Pikin OV, Reutova EV, Rodionov EO, Sakaeva DD, Sarantseva KA, Semenova AI, Smolin AV, Sotnikov VM, Tuzikov SA, Turkin IN, Tyurin IE, Chkhikvadze VD, Kolbanov KI, Chernykh MV, Chernichenko AV, Fedenko AA, Filonenko EV, Nevol’skikh AA, Ivanov SA, Khailova ZV, Gevorkian TG, Butenko AV, Gil’mutdinova IR, Gridneva IV, Eremushkin MA, Zernova MA, Kasparov BS, Kovlen DV, Kondrat’eva KO, Konchugova TV, Korotkova SB, Krutov AA, Obukhova OA, Ponomarenko GN, Semiglazova TI, Stepanova AM, Khulamkhanova MM. Malignant neoplasm of the bronchi and lung: Russian clinical guidelines. JOURNAL OF MODERN ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26442/18151434.2022.3.201848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
удалить
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Pandey GK, Kanduri C. Long Non-Coding RNAs: Tools for Understanding and Targeting Cancer Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194760. [PMID: 36230680 PMCID: PMC9564174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory nature of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been well established in various processes of cellular growth, development, and differentiation. Therefore, it is vital to examine their contribution to cancer development. There are ample examples of lncRNAs whose cellular levels are significantly associated with clinical outcomes. However, whether these non-coding molecules can work as either key drivers or barriers to cancer development remains unknown. The current review aims to discuss some well-characterised lncRNAs in the process of oncogenesis and extrapolate the extent of their decisive contribution to tumour development. We ask if these lncRNAs can independently initiate neoplastic lesions or they always need the modulation of well characterized oncogenes or tumour suppressors to exert their functional properties. Finally, we discuss the emerging genetic approaches and appropriate animal and humanised models that can significantly contribute to the functional dissection of lncRNAs in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar Pandey
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Correspondence: (G.K.P.); (C.K.)
| | - Chandrasekhar Kanduri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: (G.K.P.); (C.K.)
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10
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Eno MS, Brubaker JD, Campbell JE, De Savi C, Guzi TJ, Williams BD, Wilson D, Wilson K, Brooijmans N, Kim J, Özen A, Perola E, Hsieh J, Brown V, Fetalvero K, Garner A, Zhang Z, Stevison F, Woessner R, Singh J, Timsit Y, Kinkema C, Medendorp C, Lee C, Albayya F, Zalutskaya A, Schalm S, Dineen TA. Discovery of BLU-945, a Reversible, Potent, and Wild-Type-Sparing Next-Generation EGFR Mutant Inhibitor for Treatment-Resistant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9662-9677. [PMID: 35838760 PMCID: PMC9340769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine
kinase inhibitors
(TKIs) have changed the treatment landscape for EGFR mutant (L858R
and ex19del)-driven non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most patients
will eventually develop resistance to TKIs. In the case of first-
and second-generation TKIs, up to 60% of patients will develop an
EGFR T790M mutation, while third-generation irreversible TKIs, like
osimertinib, lead to C797S as the primary on-target resistance mutation.
The development of reversible inhibitors of these resistance mutants
is often hampered by poor selectivity against wild-type EGFR, resulting
in potentially dose-limiting toxicities and a sub-optimal profile
for use in combinations. BLU-945 (compound 30) is a potent,
reversible, wild-type-sparing inhibitor of EGFR+/T790M and EGFR+/T790M/C797S
resistance mutants that maintains activity against the sensitizing
mutations, especially L858R. Pre-clinical efficacy and safety studies
supported progression of BLU-945 into clinical studies, and it is
currently in phase 1/2 clinical trials for treatment-resistant EGFR-driven
NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S Eno
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason D Brubaker
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John E Campbell
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chris De Savi
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy J Guzi
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brett D Williams
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Douglas Wilson
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin Wilson
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Natasja Brooijmans
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph Kim
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ayşegül Özen
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emanuele Perola
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John Hsieh
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Victoria Brown
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kristina Fetalvero
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Garner
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Faith Stevison
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rich Woessner
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yoav Timsit
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Caitlin Kinkema
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Clare Medendorp
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher Lee
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Faris Albayya
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alena Zalutskaya
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stefanie Schalm
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas A Dineen
- Blueprint Medicines, 45 Sidney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Ettinger DS, Wood DE, Aisner DL, Akerley W, Bauman JR, Bharat A, Bruno DS, Chang JY, Chirieac LR, D'Amico TA, DeCamp M, Dilling TJ, Dowell J, Gettinger S, Grotz TE, Gubens MA, Hegde A, Lackner RP, Lanuti M, Lin J, Loo BW, Lovly CM, Maldonado F, Massarelli E, Morgensztern D, Ng T, Otterson GA, Pacheco JM, Patel SP, Riely GJ, Riess J, Schild SE, Shapiro TA, Singh AP, Stevenson J, Tam A, Tanvetyanon T, Yanagawa J, Yang SC, Yau E, Gregory K, Hughes M. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 3.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2022; 20:497-530. [PMID: 35545176 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2022.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 290.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) provide recommended management for patients with NSCLC, including diagnosis, primary treatment, surveillance for relapse, and subsequent treatment. Patients with metastatic lung cancer who are eligible for targeted therapies or immunotherapies are now surviving longer. This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for NSCLC focuses on targeted therapies for patients with metastatic NSCLC and actionable mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas E Wood
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance
| | | | | | | | - Ankit Bharat
- 6Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University
| | - Debora S Bruno
- 7Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Joe Y Chang
- 8The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jules Lin
- 20University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Morgensztern
- 24Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Thomas Ng
- 25The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - Gregory A Otterson
- 26The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aditi P Singh
- 30Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - James Stevenson
- 7Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Alda Tam
- 8The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Stephen C Yang
- 1The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
| | - Edwin Yau
- 32Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; and
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12
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Song C, Yang X. Osimertinib-Centered Therapy Against Uncommon Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer- A Mini Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:834585. [PMID: 35494059 PMCID: PMC9047874 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). Osimertinib is currently the first line drug recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines against lung cancer harboring the EGFR TKI-sensitive mutation and acquired EGFR T790M resistance mutation. Osimertinib demonstrated some efficacy in clinical trials and case reports in patients bearing certain uncommon EGFR mutations, but it is not active in patients with other mutations such as C797S. This mini-review presents the mechanisms underlying the variations in patient responses, discusses the use of osimertinib against non-small-cell lung carcinomas with uncommon EGFR mutations, and addresses the future prospects of osimertinib-centered therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xueying Yang
- The Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Li Y, Liu X, Ma Z. EGFR, NF-κB and noncoding RNAs in precision medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 190:189-218. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Wu X, Zhang D, Shi M, Wang F, Li Y, Lin Q. Successful targeting of the NRG1 fusion reveals durable response to afatinib in lung adenocarcinoma: a case report. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1507. [PMID: 34805369 PMCID: PMC8573434 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have been improved by developing tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as targeted therapies. Oncogenic gene fusions resulting from structural DNA rearrangements have been proposed as a unique class of oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets. Currently approved TKIs mainly focused on a few well-known fusion genes such as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1). Fusions involving neuregulin 1 gene (NRG1) have been recently described in a small portion of solid tumors as actionable oncogenic drivers, leading to the activation of the erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB)-mediated pathway. Therefore, gene fusions containing NRG1 could serve as a therapeutic candidate for ErbB-targeted treatment. In the present study, we report a lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring the CD74-NRG1 fusion, which was identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The patient received the irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, afatinib, as first-line treatment and showed a significant treatment response with a progression-free survival of 8 months. After progressive disease (PD), the second NGS did not identify novel genetic alterations that emerged after afatinib resistance. Our case supports the use of ErbB-targeted treatment for NRG1 fusion-positive NSCLC. Further studies are warranted to understand treatment effects and acquired resistance of afatinib in NGR1 fusion-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengru Shi
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Quan Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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15
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Wang J, Yang F, Sun Q, Zeng Z, Liu M, Yu W, Zhang P, Yu J, Yang L, Zhang X, Ren X, Wei F. The prognostic landscape of genes and infiltrating immune cells in cytokine induced killer cell treated-lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0023. [PMID: 34459571 PMCID: PMC8610154 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) respond differently to cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK) treatment. Therefore, potential prognostic markers to identify patients who would benefit from CIK treatment must be elucidated. The current research aimed at identifying predictive prognostic markers for efficient CIK treatment of patients with NSCLC. METHODS Patients histologically diagnosed with NSCLC were enrolled from the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on the tumor tissues and paired adjacent benign tissues collected from 50 patients with NSCLC, and RNA-seq on tumor tissues of 17 patients with NSCLC before CIK immunotherapy treatment. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to analyze the association between clinical parameters and prognostic relevance. WES and RNA-seq data between lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (Aden) were analyzed and compared. RESULTS The pathology subtype of lung cancer was the most significantly relevant clinical parameter associated with DFS, as analyzed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression (P = 0.031). The patients with lung SCC showed better CIK treatment efficacy and extended DFS after CIK treatment. Relatively low expression of HLA class II genes and checkpoint molecules, and less immunosuppressive immune cell infiltration were identified in the patients with lung SCC. CONCLUSIONS Coordinated suppression of the expression of HLA class II genes and checkpoint molecules, as well as less immune suppressive cell infiltration together contributed to the better CIK treatment efficacy in lung SCC than lung Aden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ziqing Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
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16
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Lassen UN, Makaroff LE, Stenzinger A, Italiano A, Vassal G, Garcia-Foncillas J, Avouac B. Precision oncology: a clinical and patient perspective. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3995-4009. [PMID: 34278817 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of tumors has shifted cancer treatment strategies away from nonspecific cytotoxic treatment of histology-specific tumors toward targeting of actionable mutations that can be found across multiple cancer types. The development of high-throughput technologies such as next-generation sequencing, combined with decision support applications and availability of patient databases, has provided tools that optimize disease management. Precision oncology has proven success in improving outcomes and quality of life, as well as identifying and overcoming mechanisms of drug resistance and relapse. Addressing challenges that impede its use will improve matching of therapies to patients. Here we review the current status of precision oncology medicine, emphasizing its impact on patients - what they understand about precision oncology medicine and their hopes for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia E Makaroff
- Fight Bladder Cancer, Oxfordshire, OX39 4DJ, UK.,World Bladder Cancer Patient Coalition, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | | | - Gilles Vassal
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, & Unversity Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, 94805, France
| | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- University Cancer Institute & The Department of Oncology, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonomous University, Madrid, 28033, Spain
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17
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Liao J, Li Y, Liu C, Long Q, Wang J. Case Report: EGFR-Positive Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Transforming to Squamous Cell Carcinoma After TKI Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:696881. [PMID: 34169002 PMCID: PMC8217822 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The histological transformation from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated adenocarcinoma (ADC) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment is rare. We present a case of a patient who transitioned from early-stage primary lung ADC with partial squamous differentiation, EGFR mutation and amplification, to adrenal gland metastasis as SCC with EGFR amplification disappearance 115-months after surgery, during which gefitinib and local radiotherapy were utilized for the metastasis in the right femoral head and mediastinal lymph nodes. This case might indicate a possible mechanism of EGFR inhibition resistance with SCC transition and EGFR amplification loss from the initially well-responding ADC, especially those with SCC or partial squamous differentiation. The optimal post-progression therapy for ADC-SCC patients is challenging and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Balasubramanian SK, Sharma M, Venur VA, Schmitt P, Kotecha R, Chao ST, Suh JH, Angelov L, Mohammadi AM, Vogelbaum MA, Barnett GH, Jia X, Pennell NA, Ahluwalia MS. Impact of EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement on the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:267-277. [PMID: 31648302 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of activating alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] mutation/anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] translocation) in prognosticating patients with brain metastasis (BM) is not well defined. This study was sought to identify this impact in NSCLC patients with BM accounting for the known validated variables. METHODS Among 1078 NSCLC-BM patients diagnosed/treated between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015, three hundred and forty-eight with known EGFR/ALK status were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) were measured from the time of BM. RESULTS Ninety-one patients had either ALK (n = 23) alterations or EGFR (n = 68) mutation and 257 were wild type (WT; negative actionable mutations/alterations). Median age of EGFR/ALK+ NSCLC BM patients was 60 years (range 29.8-82.6 y) and ~50% (n = 44) had Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score >80. Median number of BM was 2 (1 to ≥99). The median OS for the ALK/EGFR+ NSCLC BM was 19.9 versus 10.1 months for the WT (P = 0.028). The number of BM in the EGFR/ALK+ group did not impact OS (BM = 1 with 21.1 months vs 2-3 with 19.1 months and >3 with 23.7 months, P = 0.74), whereas fewer BM in the WT cohort had significantly better OS (BM = 1 with 13.8 mo, 2-3 with 11.0 mo and >3 with 8.1 mo; P = 0.006) with the adjustment of age, KPS, symptoms from BM and synchronicity. CONCLUSIONS Number of BM does not impact outcomes in the EGFR/ALK+ NSCLC patients, implying that targeted therapy along with surgery and/or radiation may improve OS irrespective of the number of BM. Number of BM, extracranial metastasis (ECM), and KPS independently affected OS/PFS in WT NSCLC BM, which was consistent with the known literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayur Sharma
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Philipp Schmitt
- Research Volunteer, Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rupesh Kotecha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samuel T Chao
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John H Suh
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lilyana Angelov
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alireza M Mohammadi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael A Vogelbaum
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gene H Barnett
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xuefei Jia
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nathan A Pennell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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19
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Sehgal K, Rangachari D, VanderLaan PA, Kobayashi SS, Costa DB. Clinical Benefit of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced Lung Cancer with EGFR-G719A and Other Uncommon EGFR Mutations. Oncologist 2020; 26:281-287. [PMID: 32969527 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with noncanonical epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (i.e., exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R) is constrained by the heterogeneous behavior of individual uncommon mutations and limited prospective clinical data in this setting. Despite encouraging results with osimertinib from a recently published phase II trial from South Korea, afatinib remains the only currently approved drug for patients with tumors harboring uncommon EGFR mutations (i.e., S768I, L861Q, and/or G719X). When used at the standard dose of 40 mg daily, afatinib is associated with significant rates of treatment-related adverse events, leading to frequent dose reductions and treatment discontinuations. We report a case of a woman with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR-G719A mutation treated with afatinib (at an off-label pulse dose strategy that merits further evaluation in prospective studies) with sustained partial response for 20 months with manageable expected toxicities. Subsequent disease progression was mediated by off-target pan-EGFR inhibitor (including osimertinib)-resistant KRAS mutation and not by acquisition of EGFR-T790M. We further present the current state of evidence in the literature behind use of first-, second-, and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors and summarize the evolving spectrum of activity ascribed to osimertinib (and newer EGFR inhibitors with a more favorable therapeutic window and intracranial penetration) in this population of patients with advanced NSCLC and uncommon EGFR mutations. KEY POINTS: Uncommon EGFR mutations characterize a heterogeneous group of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Afatinib is the only currently U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for management of advanced NSCLC with uncommon EGFR mutations (S768I, L861Q, and/or G719X). Afatinib treatment at 40 mg daily is associated with high rates of adverse events and dose reductions; alternative strategies including pulse intermittent dosing should be evaluated prospectively. Osimertinib (with favorable safety profile and intracranial penetration) has shown promising results in this population in a phase II trial from South Korea; additional trials are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Sehgal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepa Rangachari
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul A VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel B Costa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Park YS, Park S, Lee CH. The Attributable Risk of Smoking on All-Cause Mortality in Korean: A Study Using KNHANES IV-VI (2007-2015) with Mortality Data. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2020; 83:268-275. [PMID: 32629552 PMCID: PMC7515677 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2020.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not evident that the attributable risk of smoking on mortality in Korea has decreased. We investigated the impact of smoking on all-cause mortality and estimated the attributable risk of smoking in Korean adults. METHODS Those aged ≥20 years with smoking history in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2007-2015 were enrolled. We categorized the participants into three groups as follows: never smoker, <20 pack-years (PY) smokers, and ≥20 PY smokers. We applied inverse probability weighting using propensity scores to control various confounders between the groups. All-cause mortality risks were compared between the groups using the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. The effects of smoking-attributable risks (ARs) on mortality were also calculated. RESULTS A total of 50,458 participants were included. Among them, 19,334 (38.3%) were smokers and 31,124 (61.7%) were never smokers. Those with a smoking history of 20 PY or more (≥20 PY smokers), those with a smoking history of less than 20 PY (<20 PY smokers), and never smokers were 18.1%, 20.2%, and 61.7%, respectively, of the study population. Smokers had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to never smokers (log-rank test p<0.01). The ARs of smoking were 21.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7%-37.9%) and 9.0% (95% CI, 6.1%-12.0%) in males and females, respectively. ARs decreased from 24.2% to 19.5% in males and from 9.5% to 4.1% in females between 2007-2010 and 2011-2015. CONCLUSION Our study using KNHANES IV-VI data demonstrated that smoking increased the risk of all-cause mortality in a dose-response manner and the ARs of smoking on mortality were 21.8% in males and 9.0% in females during 2007- 2015. This suggests that the ARs of smoking on mortality have decreased since around 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sik Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangshin Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Tarigopula A, Ramasubban G, Chandrashekar V, Govindasami P, Chandran C. EGFR mutations and ROS1 and ALK rearrangements in a large series of non-small cell lung cancer in South India. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 3:e1288. [PMID: 32881404 PMCID: PMC7941574 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driver mutations are seen in 80% of lung adenocarcinomas, and they influence prognosis and choice of therapy. AIM Aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, ALK and ROS1 rearrangements and their association with age and gender in non-small cell lung cancer reported from a tertiary care center in South India. METHODS Tumors from patients with non-small cell carcinoma of lung were evaluated for EGFR mutations, ALK and ROS1 rearrangements and their association with age and gender were studied. RESULTS Two thirds of non-small cell carcinomas had driver mutations or rearrangements. EGFR mutation was common and seen in 34.1%, whereas ALK rearrangement was seen in 11.1% and ROS1 rearrangement in 2% patients. Among EGFR mutations, most common were Exon 19 deletion and L858R seen in 21.3% and 11% of patients, respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the histologic diagnosis in 81% to 85% of patients with exon 19 deletion and L858R mutation, respectively. EGFR mutation frequency in patients less than 36 years was 13.6%, whereas in older patients, it varied from 34% to 36%. Exon 19 deletion was seen in 29.8% females and 17.2% of males. CONCLUSION EGFR mutations are more common than ALK and ROS1 rearrangements. They are more common in females. Patients less than 36 years have reduced frequency of EGFR mutations. Exon 19 deletion and L858R are most common and are more prevalent in lung adenocarcinomas. Rare EGFR mutations are seen in patients aged more than 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Tarigopula
- Centralised Molecular Diagnostics, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Chitra Chandran
- Centralised Molecular Diagnostics, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
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22
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Yang YC, Pan KF, Lee WJ, Chang JH, Tan P, Gu CC, Chang WM, Yang SF, Hsiao M, Hua KT, Chien MH. Circulating Proteoglycan Endocan Mediates EGFR-Driven Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3292-3304. [PMID: 32561533 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although new generations of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) have been developed for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR-mutant tumors, TKI resistance often returns as a result of additional EGFR mutations. In addition to seeking for next-generation EGFR-TKI, developing novel EGFR-targeting strategies may hold the key to overcome the vicious cycle of TKI resistance. Endocan is known as a receptor tyrosine kinase ligand enhancer in tumorigenesis, but the impact of endocan on EGFR-driven NSCLC progression remains unknown. In this study, higher endocan levels were found in lung tumors compared with cancer-free tissues and correlated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC harboring mutant EGFR; circulating endocan levels were also significantly higher in patients with mutant EGFR. Endocan facilitated EGFR signaling via direct binding and enhancing of the EGF-EGFR interaction and supported the growth of tumors driven by mutated EGFR. Activated EGFR in turn upregulated expression of endocan via JAK/STAT3 and ERK/ELK cascades, thus forming a positive regulatory loop of endocan-EGFR signaling. On the basis of the binding region between endocan and EGFR, we designed therapeutic peptides and demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in xenografts harboring EGFR mutations including TKI-resistant T790M. Together, our findings highlight the novel interaction between endocan and EGFR and new opportunities to effectively target endocan-EGFR regulatory axis in patients with TKI-resistant NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE: Endocan is a novel and critical regulator of EGF/EGFR signaling and serves as an alternative target of EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chieh Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Fan Pan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng Tan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Gu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Chang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Liu X, Hu X, Shen T, Li Q, Mooers BHM, Wu J. RET kinase alterations in targeted cancer therapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:472-481. [PMID: 35582449 PMCID: PMC8992479 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The rearranged during transfection (RET) gene encodes a protein tyrosine kinase. RET alterations by point mutations and gene fusions were found in diverse cancers. RET fusions allow abnormal expression and activation of the oncogenic kinase, whereas only a few of RET point mutations found in human cancers are known oncogenic drivers. Earlier studies of RET-targeted therapy utilized multi-targeted protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with RET inhibitor activity. These multi-targeted TKIs often led to high-grade adverse events and were subject to resistance caused by the gatekeeper mutations. Recently, two potent and selective RET TKIs, pralsetinib (BLU-667) and selpercatinib (LOXO-292), were developed. High response rates to these selective RET inhibitors across multiple forms of RET alterations in different types of cancers were observed in clinical trials, demonstrating the RET dependence in human cancers harboring these RET lesions. Pralsetinib and selpercatinib were effective in inhibiting RETV804L/M gatekeeper mutants. However, adaptive mutations that cause resistance to pralsetinib or selpercatinib at the solvent front RETG810 residue have been found, pointing to the need for the development of the next-generation of RET TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Xueqing Hu
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, ShuGuang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Tao Shen
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute, ShuGuang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Blaine H M Mooers
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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24
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Kim RH, Lapuk A, Harraway J, Lee E, Walsh M, Topkas E, Jones V, Burn J, Baillie T, Lim C, Nejad K, Muljono A, Gagne E, McConechy MK, Zein Y, Maclean F, Gill AJ, Vargas AC. Prevalence of the EGFR T790M and other resistance mutations in the Australian population and histopathological correlation in a small subset of cases. Pathology 2020; 52:410-420. [PMID: 32359774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We sought to review the prevalence of EGFR T790M and other EGFR mutations associated with either proven or probable tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in the Australasian lung cancer population and to perform histopathological correlation in a subset of cases. Retrospective statistical analysis was performed on a set of targeted lung cancer gene mutation tests (FIND IT gene panel) performed at Sonic Healthcare during 2018 and early 2019. A total of 1833 lung adenocarcinoma tumour samples underwent somatic mutation testing. EGFR mutations were found in 28% (n=514) of patients, in whom 9.3% (n=48) T790M mutations were present (always combined with other EGFR mutations) and 4.8% (n=25) exon 20 insertions were found. We also compared the prevalence of EGFR mutations identified in our population with that of the four largest publicly available lung cancer cohorts (total n=576 samples). Finally, a subset of 38 samples of primary/and or metastatic lung adenocarcinomas from 23 patients, including five with serial biopsies, underwent detailed morphological analysis. No reproducible morphological correlates were found to be associated with T790M, exon 20 resistance mutations or rarer co-occurring EGFR mutations. Although this may be subject to referral bias towards patients with resistant disease, the incidence of EGFR and T790M mutations is higher in this series from an Australasian population than in other similar publicly available lung adenocarcinoma cohorts. We conclude that histopathological features cannot be used to predict the acquisition of EGFR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger H Kim
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anna Lapuk
- Contextual Genomics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Harraway
- Sonic Genetics, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Qld, Australia
| | - Eric Lee
- Sonic Genetics, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Qld, Australia
| | - Michael Walsh
- Sonic Genetics, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Qld, Australia
| | - Eleni Topkas
- Sonic Genetics, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Qld, Australia
| | - Victoria Jones
- Sonic Genetics, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Qld, Australia
| | - Julie Burn
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Tina Baillie
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Cathy Lim
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Kambin Nejad
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anita Muljono
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric Gagne
- Contextual Genomics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Yesser Zein
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Maclean
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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So YJ, Fraser A, Rivalland G, McKeage M, Sullivan R, Cameron L. Osimertinib in NSCLC: Real-World Data From New Zealand. JTO Clin Res Rep 2020; 1:100022. [PMID: 34589929 PMCID: PMC8474409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are more effective than chemotherapy in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Disease progression on EGFR TKI therapy occurs most often owing to acquired resistance from the gain of an EGFR T790M mutation. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI, significantly improves outcomes in patients with EGFR T790M mutation–positive NSCLC compared with platinum–pemetrexed chemotherapy. We retrospectively reviewed clinical outcomes for patients receiving osimertinib through a compassionate access program in New Zealand. Methods Patients with a biopsy-proven or plasma-circulating tumor-DNA–proven EGFR T790M mutation received osimertinib. Data on patient and tumor characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were collected retrospectively. Survival outcomes were calculated from the time of osimertinib commencement. Results A total of 39 patients were enrolled, and data from 37 patients were analyzed. EGFR T790M status was found from plasma samples in six of 37 (16%) patients. A total of 27 of 37 patients (73%) used osimertinib as a second-line treatment. At the time of data analysis, median follow-up was 18.8 months (range 1.5–29). Overall response rate was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53–84) (26 of 37). Progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 months was 62% (95% CI: 44.8–77.5), and median PFS was 14.6 months (95% CI: 12.4–16.8). Median overall survival was not reached. Osimertinib was well tolerated, with grade 1 gastrointestinal and skin toxicity as the most common adverse effects. Three patients required dose adjustments or cessation owing to toxicity. Conclusion Osimertinib is an effective treatment for New Zealanders with EGFR T790M mutated NSCLC who have progressed after first or subsequent lines of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Fraser
- Auckland City Hospital, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Mark McKeage
- Auckland City Hospital, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Laird Cameron
- Auckland City Hospital, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
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26
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La-Beck NM, Nguyen DT, Le AD, Alzghari SK, Trinh ST. Optimizing Patient Outcomes with PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:239-255. [PMID: 31930528 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly expanding repertoire of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) now includes two agents, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, approved for first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) as monotherapy or as part of chemoimmunotherapy. This review summarizes the clinical evidence supporting these indications, with a focus on strategies to optimize patient outcomes. These strategies include patient and tumor factors, adverse-effect profiles, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions, and quality of life and cost-effectiveness considerations. We performed a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, as well as a search of the conference proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Society for Medical Oncology, and American Association for Cancer Research (through August 31, 2019). The addition of ICIs to conventional chemotherapy as first-line treatment against aNSCLC is now part of the standard of care options. However, even though ICIs may be cost-effective in patients with aNSCLC, high drug and other associated costs can still be a barrier to treatment for patients. Moreover, the adverse-effect profiles of ICIs differ significantly from conventional chemotherapy, and some immune-related adverse effects may have a lasting impact on quality of life. Therefore, in adhering to a patient-centered model of care, clinicians should be mindful of patient- and treatment-specific factors when considering therapeutic options for patients with aNSCLC. Although the role of the immune system in cancer progression and regression has not been fully elucidated, the full clinical potential of immunotherapeutics in the treatment of cancer likely remains to be unleashed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninh M La-Beck
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, Texas.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, Texas
| | - Dung T Nguyen
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, Texas
| | - Alex D Le
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, Texas
| | - Saeed K Alzghari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, Texas.,Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Waxahachie, Texas.,Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of North Texas Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Saralinh T Trinh
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
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27
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Lung Carcinoma. Genomic Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22922-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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28
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Kiss Z, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Non-circadian aspects of BHLHE40 cellular function in cancer. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:1-19. [PMID: 32577154 PMCID: PMC7289903 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While many genes specifically act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, others are tumor promoters or suppressors in a context-dependent manner. Here we will review the basic-helix-loop-helix (BHLH) protein BHLHE40, (also known as BHLHB2, STRA13, DEC1, or SHARP2) which is overexpressed in gastric, breast, and brain tumors; and downregulated in colorectal, esophageal, pancreatic and lung cancer. As a transcription factor, BHLHE40 is expressed in the nucleus, where it binds to target gene promoters containing the E-box hexanucleotide sequence, but can also be expressed in the cytoplasm, where it stabilizes cyclin E, preventing cyclin E-mediated DNA replication and cell cycle progression. In different organs BHLHE40 regulates different targets; hence may have different impacts on tumorigenesis. BHLHE40 promotes PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation in breast cancer, activating tumor progression, but suppresses STAT1 expression in clear cell carcinoma, triggering tumor suppression. Target specificity likely depends on cooperation with other transcription factors. BHLHE40 is activated in lung and esophageal carcinoma by the tumor suppressor p53 inducing senescence and suppressing tumor growth, but is also activated under hypoxic conditions by HIF-1α in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinomas, stimulating tumor progression. Thus, BHLHE40 is a multi-functional protein that mediates the promotion or suppression of cancer in a context dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Kiss
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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29
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Zhang P, Wu X, Tang M, Nie X, Li L. Detection of EGFR gene mutation status from pleural effusions and other body fluid specimens in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:2218-2224. [PMID: 31602787 PMCID: PMC6885423 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation status is essential to the optimal management of lung adenocarcinoma. Liquid biopsy has advantages such as noninvasiveness, speediness, and convenience. This study aimed to detect EGFR gene mutations using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) from different types of body fluids from patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods This was a prospective study of 20 patients with lung adenocarcinoma recruited between January 2017 and December 2018 at the Beijing Hospital. All patients had adenocarcinoma with confirmed sensitizing EGFR mutations. Body fluid specimens included pleural effusion, ascites, pericardial effusion, and cerebrospinal fluid. NGS was conducted to test for nine lung cancer‐related gene in body fluid supernatant free DNA, sedimentary tumor cells, and plasma free DNA. Results The EGFR gene mutation abundance of body fluid supernatant free DNA was higher than that of body fluid sedimentary tumor cells and plasma free DNA specimens (100% vs. 90% vs. 80%, respectively, all P < 0.05). The results of EGFR mutation from the body fluid supernatants were consistent with the results from the tissue biopsy. Conclusions This study showed that compared with body fluid sediment tumor cells and plasma free DNA samples, body fluid supernatant free DNA has a higher detection rate and sensitivity of tumor‐specific mutations. Free DNA obtained from body fluid supernatants could be used as high‐quality specimens for gene mutation detection in patients with lung cancer. This could be applied in treatment decisions and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
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30
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Hong MH, Kim HR, Ahn BC, Heo SJ, Kim JH, Cho BC. Real-World Analysis of the Efficacy of Rebiopsy and EGFR Mutation Test of Tissue and Plasma Samples in Drug-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:525-534. [PMID: 31124335 PMCID: PMC6536394 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.6.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Standard treatment for cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibiting acquired drug resistance includes tumor rebiopsy, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing (e.g., for T790M mutations), and the subsequent administration of third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, rebiopsies are typically invasive, costly, and occasionally not feasible. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess rebiopsy procedures by analyzing real-world data collected by the ASTRIS study of patients with resistant NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study used statistical models to evaluate data collected by the ASTRIS trial (NCT02474355) conducted at Yonsei Cancer Center, including the rebiopsy success rate, incidence of T790M mutations in collected tissue and plasma samples, and association of administered osimertinib treatment efficacy. RESULTS In a total of 188 screened patients, 112 underwent rebiopsy. An adequate tumor specimen was obtained in 95 of these patients, the greatest majority of whom (43.8%) were subjected to bronchoscopy. T790M mutations were detected in 53.3% of successfully EGFR-tested rebiopsy samples. A total of 88 patients received osimertinib treatment, and the objective response rate and median progression-free survival time was 44.3% and 32.7 weeks, respectively, among the treated patients overall, but 57.8% and 45.0 weeks, and 35.2% and 20.4 weeks among patients who exhibited T790M-positive tissue (n=45) and plasma (n=54) samples, respectively. CONCLUSION Approximately 60% of patients in the analyzed real-world cohort were eligible for tissue rebiopsy upon NSCLC progression. Osimertinib activity was higher in patients in whom T790M mutations were detected in tissues rather than in plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beung Chul Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Heo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hung Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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31
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Qin Q, Peng B, Li B. The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations on the efficacy of definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:533-539. [PMID: 31104529 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1621754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin
- Department of Oncology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Peng
- Department of Oncology, The Second People’s Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Chest Section), Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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32
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Thomas R, Srivastava S, Katreddy RR, Sobieski J, Weihua Z. Kinase-Inactivated EGFR Is Required for the Survival of Wild-Type EGFR-Expressing Cancer Cells Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102515. [PMID: 31121829 PMCID: PMC6566606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is often ineffective in treating cancers harboring wild-type EGFR (wt-EGFR). TKIs are known to cause dimerization of EGFR without altering its expression level. Given the fact that EGFR possesses kinase-independent pro-survival function, the role of TKI-inactivated EGFR in cancer cell survival needs to be addressed. In this study, using wt-EGFR-expressing cancer cells A549 (lung), DU145 (prostate), PC3 (prostate), and MDA-MB-231 (breast), we characterized the TKI-induced dimerization status of EGFR and determined the dependency of cells on kinase-inactivated EGFR for survival. We report that TKI-induced EGFR dimerization is dependent on palmitoylation and independent of its kinase activity, and that mutations of the cysteine residues known to be critical for EGFR’s palmitoylation abolished TKI-induced EGFR dimerization. Furthermore, TKI-induced EGFR dimerization is persistent in TKI-resistant cells, and inhibition of palmitoylation by 2-bromopalmitate, or targeted reduction of the kinase-inactivated EGFR by siRNA or by an EGFR-downregulating peptide, are lethal to TKI-resistant cancer cells. This study suggests that kinase-inactivated EGFR remains to be a viable therapeutic target for wt-EGFR cancers and that inhibiting palmitoylation or downregulating EGFR may overcome TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintu Thomas
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Shivangi Srivastava
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Rajasekhara Reddy Katreddy
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Jason Sobieski
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
| | - Zhang Weihua
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5036, USA.
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Davidson NE, Armstrong SA, Coussens LM, Cruz-Correa MR, DeBerardinis RJ, Doroshow JH, Foti M, Hwu P, Kensler TW, Morrow M, Mulligan CG, Pao W, Platz EA, Smith TJ, Willman CL. AACR Cancer Progress Report 2016. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 22 Suppl 19:S1-S137. [PMID: 27697776 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu X, Shen T, Mooers BHM, Hilberg F, Wu J. Drug resistance profiles of mutations in the RET kinase domain. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3504-3515. [PMID: 29908090 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alterations in the tyrosine kinase enzyme RET are found in thyroid and lung cancer. While RET TK inhibitors (TKIs) are used to treat thyroid cancer and are in clinical trials for RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer, the impact of mutations in the RET kinase domain on drug sensitivity is largely uncharacterized. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We identified and analysed mutations in the RET kinase domain that conferred resistance to the TKIs cabozantinib, lenvatinib, vandetanib and nintedanib using RET kinase-dependent BaF3/KIF5B-RET (BaF3/KR) cells. We also examined the sensitivity of RET (M918T), a RET mutation prevalent in aggressive multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, to these TKIs in the context of BaF3/KR cells. KEY RESULTS Fourteen mutations were analysed. Pan resistance to the four TKIs was found in six RET kinase domain mutations (L730I, V738A, V804L/M, Y806N, G810S). Seven RET kinase domain mutations (L730V, E732K, A807V, G810A, V871I, M918T, F998V) displayed selective resistance to one or more of these drugs. L730I/V and G810A/S had different drug resistance profiles. V871I, M918T and F998V mutations are located at distant sites away from the TKI binding pocket. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A panel of TKI-resistant RET mutations were identified, and their drug sensitivities were cross-profiled. The results provide a reference for selecting appropriate TKIs to inhibit RET kinase domain mutants. Besides changes in the drug-interacting residues, mutations at distant sites could exert long-range effects resulting in TKI resistance. Among the four TKIs analysed here, nintedanib remained unaffected by mutations at the three distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tao Shen
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Blaine H M Mooers
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Frank Hilberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jie Wu
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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35
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Extracellular vesicles and ctDNA in lung cancer: biomarker sources and therapeutic applications. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:171-183. [PMID: 29948020 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Recently, targeted therapy and anti-programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy have made great progress in treatment of lung cancer. However, responses to these therapies are variable, influenced by genetic alterations, high microsatellite instability and mismatch repair deficiency. Liquid biopsy of extracellular vesicles and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) emerges as a new promising non-invasive means that enables not only biomarker determination, but also continuous monitoring of cancer treatment. Notably, tumor extracellular vesicles play important roles in tumor formation and progression, and also serve as natural carriers for anti-tumor drugs and short-interfering RNA. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in understanding the relationships of extracellular vesicles and ctDNA in cancer biology, diagnosis and drug delivery. In particular, the application of extracellular vesicles and ctDNA in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy is discussed.
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Fogli S, Polini B, Del Re M, Petrini I, Passaro A, Crucitta S, Rofi E, Danesi R. EGFR-TKIs in non-small-cell lung cancer: focus on clinical pharmacology and mechanisms of resistance. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:727-740. [PMID: 29785875 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical introduction of EGFR-TKIs within the oncologic armamentarium has changed the therapeutic landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) creating widespread expectations both in patients and clinicians. However, several gaps in current understanding leave open important questions regarding the use of these drugs in clinical practice. For instance, there is uncertainty in regard to which EGFR-TKI should be given first in naive patients with EGFR-driven malignancies since different generations of drugs are available with different pharmacological profiles. Furthermore, acquired drug resistance may limit the therapeutic potential of EGFR-TKIs and the choice of the best treatment strategy after first-line treatment failure is still debated. This review article is aimed at describing the pharmacological properties of EGFR-TKIs and the current treatment options for NSCLC patients who develop acquired resistance. This information might be useful to design new rational and more effective pharmacological strategies in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fogli
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- General Pathology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Surgery & Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rofi
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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37
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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR): A rising star in the era of precision medicine of lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50209-50220. [PMID: 28430586 PMCID: PMC5564844 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In tumors, the important role of noncoding RNA regulatory networks has been more and more reveal. EGFR has been identified as an oncogenic driver of NSCLC, especially activating mutations EGFR and its inhibition with specific TKIs can generate dramatic tumor responses. Studies have shown that EGFR plays significant roles in the progression of NSCLC. Subset analysis of the small proportion of patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer showed a disease-free survival benefit, but was underpowered to detect a survival advantage. Herein, we highlight the progression of EGFR, noncoding RNA, and their roles in carcinogenesis. We also focus on anti-lung cancer drug development and EGFR-related drug resistance.
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Cardona AF, Arrieta O, Zapata MI, Rojas L, Wills B, Reguart N, Karachaliou N, Carranza H, Vargas C, Otero J, Archila P, Martín C, Corrales L, Cuello M, Ortiz C, Pino LE, Rosell R, Zatarain-Barrón ZL. Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib in EGFR Mutation-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma among Hispanics (CLICaP). Target Oncol 2018; 12:513-523. [PMID: 28620690 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) all eventually develop acquired resistance to the treatment, with half of the patients developing EGFR T790M resistance mutations. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess histological and clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in Hispanic EGFR mutated lung cancer patients after disease progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS EGFR mutation-positive lung cancer patients (n = 34) with acquired resistance to the EGFR-TKI erlotinib were identified from 2011 to 2015. Post-progression tumor specimens were collected for molecular analysis. Post-progression interventions, response to treatment, and survival were assessed and compared among all patients and those with and without T790M mutations. RESULTS Mean age was 59.4 ± 13.9 years, 65% were never-smokers, and 53% had a performance status 0-1. All patients received erlotinib as first-line treatment. Identified mutations included: 60% DelE19 (Del746-750) and 40% L858R. First-line erlotinib overall response rate (ORR) was 61.8% and progression free survival (PFS) was 16.8 months (95% CI: 13.7-19.9). Acquired resistance mutations identified were T790M mutation (47.1%); PI3K mutations (14.7%); EGFR amplification (14.7%); KRAS mutation (5.9%); MET amplification (8.8%); HER2 alterations (5.9%, deletions/insertions in e20); and SCLC transformation (2.9%). Of patients, 79.4% received treatment after progression. ORR for post-erlotinib treatment was 47.1% (CR 2/PR 14) and median PFS was 8.3 months (95% CI: 2.2-36.6). Median overall survival (OS) from treatment initiation was 32.9 months (95% CI: 30.4-35.3), and only the use of post-progression therapy affected OS in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hispanic patients with acquired resistance to erlotinib continued to be sensitive to other treatments after progression. The proportion of T790M+ patients appears to be similar to that previously reported in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Cardona
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Internal Medicine Department, Universidad El Bosque- Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México
| | - Martín Ignacio Zapata
- Internal Medicine Department, Universidad El Bosque- Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Wills
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Noemí Reguart
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Translational Research Unit, IOR/Dexeus, University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hernán Carranza
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia.,Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Vargas
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia.,Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Otero
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia.,Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pilar Archila
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research - FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudio Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Flemin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Corrales
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Carlos Ortiz
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Institute of Oncology, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis E Pino
- Clinical Oncology Group, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), México City, México
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Tsoukalas N, Aravantinou-Fatorou E, Baxevanos P, Tolia M, Tsapakidis K, Galanopoulos M, Liontos M, Kyrgias G. Advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC): new challenges and new expectations. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:145. [PMID: 29862234 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.03.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies and a major health riddle. The therapeutic options are limited. The combination of etoposide or irinotecan with platinum chemotherapy is the standard of care at any stage. The last decade systemic efforts have been done to reveal specific therapeutic targets for small cell lung carcinomas. In this review, we focus on the new therapeutic strategies of SCLC, including immune-related treatment that may change the prognosis of the disease. The main genetic mutations observed in SCLC are TP53 and RB1 mutations; however, it is well known that these molecules are not yet targetable. In recent years, research has revealed other frequent genetic alterations and activated signaling pathways that might be an effective treatment target. Loss of PTEN, activating PI3K mutations, inhibition of NOTCH pathway and aurora kinase activation are among them. Moreover, FDGFR1 amplification, activation of the Hedgehog pathway and repair-protein PARP1 seem to participate in SCLC tumorigenesis. These new findings have identified some interesting targets. Moreover, immunotherapy tries to find its place in the treatment of SCLC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are under investigation in phase I to III clinical trials. We hope that in next years the treatment of SCLC patients will be improved with the administration of targeting therapy and the introduction of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsapakidis
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Michail Liontos
- Department of Oncology, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kyrgias
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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40
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Song J, Shi J, Dong D, Fang M, Zhong W, Wang K, Wu N, Huang Y, Liu Z, Cheng Y, Gan Y, Zhou Y, Zhou P, Chen B, Liang C, Liu Z, Li W, Tian J. A New Approach to Predict Progression-free Survival in Stage IV EGFR-mutant NSCLC Patients with EGFR-TKI Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3583-3592. [PMID: 29563137 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: We established a CT-derived approach to achieve accurate progression-free survival (PFS) prediction to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) therapy in multicenter, stage IV EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Experimental Design: A total of 1,032 CT-based phenotypic characteristics were extracted according to the intensity, shape, and texture of NSCLC pretherapy images. On the basis of these CT features extracted from 117 stage IV EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients, a CT-based phenotypic signature was proposed using a Cox regression model with LASSO penalty for the survival risk stratification of EGFR-TKI therapy. The signature was validated using two independent cohorts (101 and 96 patients, respectively). The benefit of EGFR-TKIs in stratified patients was then compared with another stage-IV EGFR-mutant NSCLC cohort only treated with standard chemotherapy (56 patients). Furthermore, an individualized prediction model incorporating the phenotypic signature and clinicopathologic risk characteristics was proposed for PFS prediction, and also validated by multicenter cohorts.Results: The signature consisted of 12 CT features demonstrated good accuracy for discriminating patients with rapid and slow progression to EGFR-TKI therapy in three cohorts (HR: 3.61, 3.77, and 3.67, respectively). Rapid progression patients received EGFR TKIs did not show significant difference with patients underwent chemotherapy for progression-free survival benefit (P = 0.682). Decision curve analysis revealed that the proposed model significantly improved the clinical benefit compared with the clinicopathologic-based characteristics model (P < 0.0001).Conclusions: The proposed CT-based predictive strategy can achieve individualized prediction of PFS probability to EGFR-TKI therapy in NSCLCs, which holds promise of improving the pretherapy personalized management of TKIs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3583-92. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangdian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Medical Informatics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyun Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- PET-CT center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqi Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuncui Gan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bojiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Changhong Liang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, China
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Toffalorio F, Santarpia M, Radice D, Jaramillo CA, Spitaleri G, Manzotti M, Catania C, Jordheim LP, Pelosi G, Peters GJ, Tibaldi C, Funel N, Spaggiari L, de Braud F, De Pas T, Giovannetti E. 5'-nucleotidase cN-II emerges as a new predictive biomarker of response to gemcitabine/platinum combination chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16437-16450. [PMID: 29662657 PMCID: PMC5893252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of pharmacogenetic studies have been carried out in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to identify and characterize genes involved in chemotherapy activity. However, the results obtained so far are controversial and no reliable biomarker is currently used to predict clinical benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy, which represents the cornerstone of treatment of advanced NSCLC. This study investigated the expression levels of ERCC1 and of six genes (RRM1, RRM2, hENT1, dCK, cN-II and CDA) involved in gemcitabine metabolism in locally/advanced NSCLC patients treated with gemcitabine/platinum combination. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative-PCR in laser-microdissected specimens and correlated with tumor response. Frequency distribution of responses above and below the median expression level of biomarkers was compared using a two-sided Fisher’s test. 5′-nucleotidase (cN-II) was the only gene differently expressed (p = 0.016) in the responders (complete/partial-response) compared to non-responders (stable/progressive disease). In the multivariate analysis, overexpression of this catabolic enzyme of gemcitabine remained a significant negative predictive factor. Patients with low cN-II had a modest trend toward increased survival, while both survival and progression-free survival were significantly longer in a more homogenous validation cohort of 40 advanced NSCLC (8.0 vs. 5.1 months, p = 0.026). Moreover, in vitro studies showed that silencing or pharmacological inhibition of cN-II increased the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine. This is the first study demonstrating the role of cN-II as a predictor of response to gemcitabine/platinum combinations in NSCLC. Its validation in prospective studies may improve clinical outcome of selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Toffalorio
- Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, New Drugs Development Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Medical Affairs, Roche Spa, Monza, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, New Drugs Development Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Radice
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Spitaleri
- Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, New Drugs Development Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Thoracic Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Manzotti
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Catania
- Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, New Drugs Development Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Thoracic Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052/CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Giuseppe Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Inter-Hospital Pathology Division, Science and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmelo Tibaldi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology, S. Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy
| | - Niccola Funel
- CNR-Nano, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pisa, Italy.,Cancer Pharmacology Laboratory, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Thoracic Surgery Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Inter-Hospital Pathology Division, Science and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso De Pas
- Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract and Sarcomas, New Drugs Development Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,CNR-Nano, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pisa, Italy.,Cancer Pharmacology Laboratory, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Zhang Y, Zhu T, Liu J, Liu J, Gao D, Su T, Zhao R. FLNa negatively regulated proliferation and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via suppression of EGFR. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:164-170. [PMID: 29272322 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNa) is a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein, which composes of an N-terminal actin binding domain (ABD) followed by 24 Ig-like repeats. FLNa functions as a cytoskeletal protein that links transmembrane receptors, including integrins, to F-actin and serves as a signaling intermediate. Recent studies have identified FLNa as a scaffold protein that interacts with over 90 proteins and plays vital roles in cellular signaling transduction. Mutations or defects in human FLNa gene have been shown to cause numerous developmental defects. Moreover, aberrant expression of FLNa has been observed in many cancers, such as parathyroid tumor, cervical cancer, and breast cancer. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma has seldom been discussed. In the present study, our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that silencing FLNa expression in lung cancer cell line A549 cells promoted proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of A549 cells by enhancing the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and ERK signaling pathway. These results shed light on novel functions of FLNa in lung cancer and uncovered novel mechanisms, these results provided possible targets for the prediction and treatment for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Tienian Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Jingpu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Jiankun Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Tongyi Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Ruijing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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Mahesh PA. Molecular biology tools for precision medicine in managing lung cancer. Lung India 2018; 35:1-3. [PMID: 29319025 PMCID: PMC5760860 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_470_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P A Mahesh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
RATIONALE Tongue metastasis from lung cancer is extremely rare, and the prognosis of these patients is rather poor. PATIENT CONCERS A 56-year-old man was found a 4-cm cavity lesion in the left upper lobe, which was initially misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. DIAGNOSES A case of lung squamous cell carcinoma that metastasized to the base of a patient's tongue. INTERVATIONS We send the biopsy of the lung and the tongue lesions for gene sequencing. OUTCOMES He received systemic chemotherapy, but continued to have pain at the base of his tongue and died 7 months later. LESSONS From sequencing data, mutations in KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and tumor protein p53 (TP53) were found in the tumor biopsy of the patient. All of these were indicators of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenli Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yipin Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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45
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MicroRNA-34a/EGFR axis plays pivotal roles in lung tumorigenesis. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e372. [PMID: 28825720 PMCID: PMC5608916 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital in the regulation of tumor progression and invasion. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to the development of various types of human cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the effect of miRNA-34a (miR-34a), a key regulator of tumor suppression, on the tumorigenesis of NSCLC has not been fully elaborated. Herein, we reveal that miR-34a is significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, suggesting that miR-34a might function as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer. We also confirmed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a direct target of miR-34a, and our data reveal that siRNA knockdown of EGFR can inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and arrest cell-cycle progression. In addition, EGFR can reverse the suppressive function of miR-34a overexpression on proliferation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that miR-34a suppress tumor growth, both in the A549 xenograft model, as well as in the metastatic tumors in nude mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-34a inhibits NSCLC tumor growth and metastasis through targeting EGFR.
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Santarpia M, Liguori A, Karachaliou N, Gonzalez-Cao M, Daffinà MG, D'Aveni A, Marabello G, Altavilla G, Rosell R. Osimertinib in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: design, development and place in therapy. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 8:109-125. [PMID: 28860885 PMCID: PMC5571822 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s119644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and subsequent demonstration of the efficacy of genotype-directed therapies with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) marked the advent of the era of precision medicine for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First- and second-generation EGFR TKIs, including erlotinib, gefitinib and afatinib, have consistently shown superior efficacy and better toxicity compared with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and currently represent the standard of care for EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC patients. However, tumors invariably develop acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs, thereby limiting the long-term efficacy of these agents. The T790M mutation in exon 20 of the EGFR gene has been identified as the most common mechanism of acquired resistance. Osimertinib is a third-generation TKI designed to target both EGFR TKI-sensitizing mutations and T790M, while sparing wild-type EGFR. Based on its pronounced clinical activity and good safety profile demonstrated in early Phase I and II trials, osimertinib received first approval in 2015 by the US FDA and in early 2016 by European Medicines Agency for the treatment of EGFR T790M mutation-positive NSCLC patients in progression after EGFR TKI therapy. Recent results from the Phase III AURA3 trial demonstrated the superiority of osimertinib over standard platinum-based doublet chemotherapy for treatment of patients with advanced EGFR T790M mutation-positive NSCLC with disease progression following first-line EGFR TKI therapy, thus definitively establishing this third-generation TKI as the standard of care in this setting. Herein, we review preclinical findings and clinical data from Phase I–III trials of osimertinib, including its efficacy in patients with central nervous system metastases. We further discuss currently available methods used to analyze T790M mutation status and the main mechanisms of resistance to osimertinib. Finally, we provide an outlook on ongoing trials with osimertinib and novel therapeutic combinations that might continue to improve the clinical outcome of EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Cao
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona
| | - Maria Grazia Daffinà
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Aveni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Grazia Marabello
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Altavilla
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona.,Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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47
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John T, Bowden JJ, Clarke S, Fox SB, Garrett K, Horwood K, Karapetis CS. Australian recommendations for EGFR T790M testing in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 13:296-303. [PMID: 28699260 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
First-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used as first-line therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring a sensitizing mutation in the EGFR gene. Unfortunately, resistance to these therapies often occurs within 10 months of commencing treatment and is mostly commonly due to the development of the EGFR T790M mutation. Treatment with the third-generation EGFR TKI, osimertinib can prolong progression free survival in patients with the T790M mutation, so it is important to determine the resistance mechanism in order to plan ongoing therapeutic strategies. Here we review the evidence and make recommendations for the timing of T790M mutation testing, the most appropriate specimens to test and the available testing methods in patients progressing during treatment with first line EGFR TKIs for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas John
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Bowden
- Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Stephen B Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerryn Garrett
- Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco, West Australia, Australia
| | - Keith Horwood
- Icon Cancer Care, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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48
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Santarpia M, Daffinà MG, D’Aveni A, Marabello G, Liguori A, Giovannetti E, Karachaliou N, Gonzalez Cao M, Rosell R, Altavilla G. Spotlight on ceritinib in the treatment of ALK+ NSCLC: design, development and place in therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:2047-2063. [PMID: 28740365 PMCID: PMC5503498 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has radically changed the treatment of a subset of patients harboring this oncogenic driver. Crizotinib was the first ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor to receive fast approval and is currently indicated as the first-line therapy for advanced, ALK-positive NSCLC patients. However, despite crizotinib's efficacy, patients almost invariably progress, with the central nervous system being one of the most common sites of relapse. Different mechanisms of acquired resistance have been identified, including secondary ALK mutations, ALK copy number alterations and activation of bypass tracks. Different highly potent and brain-penetrant next-generation ALK inhibitors have been developed and tested in NSCLC patients with ALK rearrangements. Ceritinib, a structurally distinct and selective ALK inhibitor, showed 20 times higher potency than crizotinib in inhibiting ALK and had activity against the most common crizotinib-resistant mutations, including L1196M and G1269A, in preclinical models. In Phase I and II studies, ceritinib demonstrated pronounced activity in both crizotinib-naïve and crizotinib-refractory patients, with responses observed regardless of the presence of ALK resistance mutations. Ceritinib was the first ALK inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of crizotinib-refractory, ALK-rearranged NSCLC, and recent results from a Phase III study have demonstrated superior efficacy compared to standard chemotherapy in the first- and second-line setting. We provide an extensive overview of ceritinib from the design of the compound through preclinical data until efficacy and toxicity results from Phase I-III clinical studies. We review the molecular alterations associated with resistance to ceritinib and highlight the importance of obtaining tumor biopsy at progression to tailor therapy based upon the underlying resistance mechanism. We finally provide an outlook on novel rational therapeutic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Daffinà
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro D’Aveni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Grazia Marabello
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies, CNR-Nano, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor
| | - Maria Gonzalez Cao
- Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Altavilla
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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49
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Schilsky JB, Ni A, Ahn L, Datta S, Travis WD, Kris MG, Chaft JE, Rekhtman N, Hellmann MD. Prognostic impact of TTF-1 expression in patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinomas. Lung Cancer 2017; 108:205-211. [PMID: 28625636 PMCID: PMC6423973 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) is routinely tested in the diagnostic evaluation of suspected lung cancers, is commonly expressed by lung adenocarcinomas, and may modulate lung cancer biology. We examined the role of TTF-1 as a predictive and prognostic marker in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed clinical, pathologic, and molecular features, treatments received, and overall survival obtained from the medical records of 479 consecutive patients at a single site with stage IV lung adenocarcinomas and evaluable TTF-1 expression. TTF-1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry using antibody 8G7G3/1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION TTF-1 expression was evaluable in 479 (75%) of all patients reviewed, and was positive in 383 (80%, 95% CI 76-83%). Clinicopathologic features were similar between TTF-1 positive and TTF-1 negative tumors, except EGFR mutations were more common in TTF-1 positive cases (24% vs 6%, p<0.001). In univariate analysis, overall survival was significantly longer in patients with TTF-1 positive versus TTF-1 negative tumors (18 months vs 9 months, p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, TTF-1 positivity remained associated with better overall survival (HR=0.38, p<0.0001), exceeding the prognostic impact of Karnofsky performance status >/=80% (HR 0.62, p=0.0003) and receipt of first-line combination chemotherapy or targeted therapy (HR relative to first-line single agent chemotherapy 0.59, p=0.05 and 0.51, p=0.05 respectively). Both patients with TTF-1 positive and TTF-1 negative cancers had longer durations of initial therapy when treated with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy. In patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas, TTF-1 expression is associated with better survival but is not predictive of distinct benefit from pemetrexed-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana B Schilsky
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66(th) St., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Ai Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Ave., New York, NY 10017, USA.
| | - Linda Ahn
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66(th) St., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Sutirtha Datta
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66(th) St., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - William D Travis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Mark G Kris
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66(th) St., New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jamie E Chaft
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66(th) St., New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66(th) St., New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
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50
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Gay ND, Wang Y, Beadling C, Warrick A, Neff T, Corless CL, Tolba K. Durable Response to Afatinib in Lung Adenocarcinoma Harboring NRG1 Gene Fusions. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:e107-e110. [PMID: 28502724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Gay
- Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Carol Beadling
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Andrea Warrick
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tanaya Neff
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Khaled Tolba
- Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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