1
|
Ciurej A, Lewis E, Gupte A, Al-Antary E. Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Pediatric Oncology: Will We Say Checkmate Soon? Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1843. [PMID: 38140246 PMCID: PMC10748105 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a relatively new class of immunotherapy which bolsters the host immune system by "turning off the brakes" of effector cells (e.g., CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1). Although their success in treating adult malignancy is well documented, their utility in pediatric cancer has not yet been shown to be as fruitful. We review ICIs, their use in pediatric malignancies, and active pediatric clinical trials, exemplifying some of adult efforts that could be related to pediatric future trials and complications of ICI therapy. Through our review, we propose the consideration of ICI as standard therapy in lymphoma and various solid tumor types, especially in relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate ICI effectiveness in pediatric leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ciurej
- Pediatric Department, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.C.)
| | - Elizabeth Lewis
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Avanti Gupte
- Pediatric Department, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.C.)
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt Clemons, MI 48859, USA
| | - Eman Al-Antary
- Pediatric Department, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.C.)
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt Clemons, MI 48859, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rasic P, Jeremic M, Jeremic R, Dusanovic Pjevic M, Rasic M, Djuricic SM, Milickovic M, Vukadin M, Mijovic T, Savic D. Targeting B7-H3-A Novel Strategy for the Design of Anticancer Agents for Extracranial Pediatric Solid Tumors Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083356. [PMID: 37110590 PMCID: PMC10145344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific data recognize the B7-H3 checkpoint molecule as a potential target for immunotherapy of pediatric solid tumors (PSTs). B7-H3 is highly expressed in extracranial PSTs such as neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, nephroblastoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma, whereas its expression is absent or very low in normal tissues and organs. The influence of B7-H3 on the biological behavior of malignant solid neoplasms of childhood is expressed through different molecular mechanisms, including stimulation of immune evasion and tumor invasion, and cell-cycle disruption. It has been shown that B7-H3 knockdown decreased tumor cell proliferation and migration, suppressed tumor growth, and enhanced anti-tumor immune response in some pediatric solid cancers. Antibody-drug conjugates targeting B7-H3 exhibited profound anti-tumor effects against preclinical models of pediatric solid malignancies. Moreover, B7-H3-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells demonstrated significant in vivo activity against different xenograft models of neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Finally, clinical studies demonstrated the potent anti-tumor activity of B7-H3-targeting antibody-radioimmunoconjugates in metastatic neuroblastoma. This review summarizes the established data from various PST-related studies, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research, and explains all the benefits and potential obstacles of targeting B7-H3 by novel immunotherapeutic agents designed to treat malignant extracranial solid tumors of childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petar Rasic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Jeremic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rada Jeremic
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Dusanovic Pjevic
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Rasic
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavisa M Djuricic
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Milickovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Vukadin
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Mijovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Savic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr. Vukan Cupic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fierro Pineda JC, Wedekind MF, Glod JW. Immunotherapy approaches for rare pediatric solid tumors: advances and future directions. Curr Opin Pediatr 2023; 35:63-74. [PMID: 36420774 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immunotherapy for pediatric tumors is rapidly evolving. From major successes in pediatric hematologic malignancies, immunotherapy utility increased in the pediatric solid tumor landscape. Numerous pediatric solid tumors are defined as rare with limitations in diagnosis and treatment. This review will describe four major immunotherapies used in pediatrics and discuss results seen in rare pediatric tumors. We will also briefly review the challenges of immunotherapy in solid tumors and opportunities to drive this therapy forward. RECENT FINDINGS Despite rare success employing immunotherapy for pediatric solid tumors, recently there have been several successes in pediatric rare solid tumors. After describing the evolving landscape of rare pediatric tumors, we will demonstrate the successes or disappointments of immunotherapy. We will describe the mechanism of four immunotherapies used in the pediatrics, followed by the published results. Finally, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities for immunotherapies in pediatric rare tumors. SUMMARY Pediatric rare tumors are lacking in treatment options. Despite numerous disappointments utilizing immunotherapies in the more common pediatric solid tumors, there have been several successes within the pediatric rare tumor landscape. Much work is still needed to enhance our understanding and knowledge on utilizing these immunotherapies for pediatric rare solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Fierro Pineda
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Frances Wedekind
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - John W Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
HLA-G and Other Immune Checkpoint Molecules as Targets for Novel Combined Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062925. [PMID: 35328349 PMCID: PMC8948858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is an HLA-class Ib molecule that is involved in the establishment of tolerance at the maternal/fetal interface during pregnancy. The expression of HLA-G is highly restricted in adults, but the de novo expression of this molecule may be observed in different hematological and solid tumors and is related to cancer progression. Indeed, tumor cells expressing high levels of HLA-G are able to suppress anti-tumor responses, thus escaping from the control of the immune system. HLA-G has been proposed as an immune checkpoint (IC) molecule due to its crucial role in tumor progression, immune escape, and metastatic spread. We here review data available in the literature in which the interaction between HLA-G and other IC molecules is reported, in particular PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIM-3, but also IDO and TIGIT. Clinical trials using monoclonal antibodies against HLA-G and other IC are currently ongoing with cancer patients where antibodies and inhibitors of PD-1 and CTLA-4 showed encouraging results. With this background, we may envisage that combined therapies using antibodies targeting HLA-G and another IC may be successful for clinical purposes. Indeed, such immunotherapeutic protocols may achieve a better rescue of effective anti-tumor immune response, thus improving the clinical outcome of patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pediatric glioblastoma: mechanisms of immune evasion and potential therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:1813-1822. [PMID: 35020009 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric glioblastoma is relatively rare compared with its adult counterpart but is associated with a similarly grim prognosis. Available data indicate that pediatric glioblastomas are molecularly distinct from adult tumors, and relatively little is known about the pediatric glioblastoma tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a new pillar of cancer treatment and is revolutionizing the care of patients with many advanced solid tumors, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, attempts to treat adult glioblastoma with current immunotherapies have had limited success to date. Nevertheless, the immune milieu in pediatric glioblastoma is distinct from that found in adult tumors, and evidence suggests that pediatric tumors are less immunosuppressive. As a result, immunotherapies should be specifically evaluated in the pediatric context. The purpose of this review is to explore known and emerging mechanisms of immune evasion in pediatric glioblastoma and highlight potential opportunities for implementing immunotherapy in the treatment of these devastating pediatric brain tumors.
Collapse
|
6
|
Montemagno C, Luciano F, Pagès G. Opposing Roles of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C in Metastatic Dissemination and Resistance to Radio/Chemotherapy: Discussion of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2475:1-23. [PMID: 35451746 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2217-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many cancers can be cured by combining surgery with healthy margins, radiation therapy and chemotherapies. However, when the pathology becomes metastatic, cancers can be incurable. The best situation involves "chronicization" of the pathology even for several years. However, most of the time, patients die within a few months. To disseminate throughout the body, cancer cells must enter the vascular network and seed in another organ. However, during the initiation of cancer processes, the tumor is avascular. Later, the production of angiogenic factors causes tumor neovascularization and subsequent growth and spread, and the presence of blood and/or lymphatic vessels is associated with high grade tumors. Moreover, during tumor development, cancer cells enter lymphatic vessels and disseminate via the lymphatic network. Hence, blood and lymphatic vessels are considered as main routes of metastatic dissemination and cancer aggressiveness. Therefore, anti-angiogenic drugs entered in the therapeutic arsenal from 2004. Despite undeniable effects however, they are far from curative and only prolong survival by a few months.Recently, the concepts of angio/lymphangiogenesis were revisited by analyzing the role of blood and lymphatic vessels at the initiation steps of tumor development. During this period, cancer cells enter lymphatic vessels and activate immune cells within lymph nodes to initiate an antitumor immune response. Moreover, the presence of blood vessels at the proximity of the initial nodule allows immune cells to reach the tumor and eliminate cancer cells. Therefore, blood and lymphatic networks have a beneficial role during a defined time window. Considering only their detrimental effects is a concern. Hence, administration of anti-angio/lymphangiogenic therapies should be revisited to avoid the destruction of networks involved in antitumor immune response. This review mainly focuses on one of the main drivers of lymphangiogenesis, the VEGFC and its beneficial and pejorative roles according to the grade of aggressive tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Montemagno
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Nice, France
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Frédéric Luciano
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Nice, France
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Nice, France.
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shin SP, Goh AR, Ju JM, Kang HG, Kim SJ, Kim JK, Park EJ, Bae YS, Choi K, Jung YS, Lee SJ. Local adenoviral delivery of soluble CD200R-Ig enhances antitumor immunity by inhibiting CD200-β-catenin-driven M2 macrophage. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 23:138-150. [PMID: 34703882 PMCID: PMC8503857 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
CD200 is known as an immune checkpoint molecule that inhibits innate immune cell activation. Using a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) model, we sought to determine whether localized delivery of adenovirus-expressing sCD200R1-Ig, the soluble extracellular domain of CD200R1, enhances antitumor immunity. Mouse-derived bone marrow cells and M1/M2-like macrophages were cocultured with tumor cells and analyzed for macrophage polarization. As an in vivo model, C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with MEER/CD200High cells, CD200-overexpressing mouse HNSCC cells. Adenovirus-expressing sCD200R1-Ig (Ad5sCD200R1) was designed, and its effect was tested. Components in the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) were quantified using flow cytometry. CD200 promoted tumor growth and induced the expression of immune-related genes, especially macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Interestingly, CD200 induced M2-like polarization both in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, CD200 recruited more regulatory T (Treg) cells and fewer CD8+ effector T cells. These effects were effectively abolished by local injection of Ad5sCD200R1. These protumor effects of CD200 were driven through the β-catenin/NF-κB/M-CSF axis. CD200 upregulated PD-L1, and the combined targeting of CD200 and PD-1 thus showed synergy. The immune checkpoint CD200 upregulated immune-related genes through β-catenin signaling, reprogrammed the TIME, and exerted protumor effects. Ad5sCD200R1 injection could be an effective targeted strategy to enhance antitumor immunoediting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Phil Shin
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ra Goh
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Ju
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gu Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Kwang Kim
- Genome Analysis, Team Research Core Center, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuh-Seog Jung
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.,Center for Thyroid Cancer, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Melcher V, Kerl K. The Growing Relevance of Immunoregulation in Pediatric Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5601. [PMID: 34830753 PMCID: PMC8615622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric brain tumors are genetically heterogeneous solid neoplasms. With a prevailing poor prognosis and widespread resistance to conventional multimodal therapy, these aggressive tumors are the leading cause of childhood cancer-related deaths worldwide. Advancement in molecular research revealed their unique genetic and epigenetic characteristics and paved the way for more defined prognostication and targeted therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, uncovering the intratumoral metrics on a single-cell level placed non-malignant cell populations such as innate immune cells into the context of tumor manifestation and progression. Targeting immune cells in pediatric brain tumors entails unique challenges but promising opportunities to improve outcome. Herein, we outline the current understanding of the role of the immune regulation in pediatric brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Melcher
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Results of immunotherapy in childhood solid cancer have been so far, with the exception of neuroblastoma, quite disappointing. Lack of knowledge of the immune contexture of these tumors may have contributed to the failure of immunotherapies so far. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature regarding the immunology of Wilms tumor (WT), one of the most frequent pediatric solid tumors of the abdomen. In Wilms tumor patients the high cure rate of >90%, achieved by the combination of surgery and radio-chemotherapy, is at the expense of a high early and late toxicity. Moreover, treatment-resistant entities, such as diffuse anaplastic tumors or recurrent disease, still pose unsolved clinical problems. Successful immunotherapy could represent a novel and possibly less-toxic treatment option. Employing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) method of literature search, we analyzed the current knowledge of the immunological landscape of Wilms tumors in terms of tumor microenvironment, prognostic implications of single biomarkers, and immunotherapy response.
Collapse
|
10
|
Olsen HE, Lynn GM, Valdes PA, Cerecedo Lopez CD, Ishizuka AS, Arnaout O, Bi WL, Peruzzi PP, Chiocca EA, Friedman GK, Bernstock JD. Therapeutic cancer vaccines for pediatric malignancies: advances, challenges, and emerging technologies. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab027. [PMID: 33860227 PMCID: PMC8034661 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Though outcomes for pediatric cancer patients have significantly improved over the past several decades, too many children still experience poor outcomes and survivors suffer lifelong, debilitating late effects after conventional chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical treatment. Consequently, there has been a renewed focus on developing novel targeted therapies to improve survival outcomes. Cancer vaccines are a promising type of immunotherapy that leverage the immune system to mediate targeted, tumor-specific killing through recognition of tumor antigens, thereby minimizing off-target toxicity. As such, cancer vaccines are orthogonal to conventional cancer treatments and can therefore be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities to maximize efficacy. To date, cancer vaccination has remained largely understudied in the pediatric population. In this review, we discuss the different types of tumor antigens and vaccine technologies (dendritic cells, peptides, nucleic acids, and viral vectors) evaluated in clinical trials, with a focus on those used in children. We conclude with perspectives on how advances in combination therapies, tumor antigen (eg, neoantigen) selection, and vaccine platform optimization can be translated into clinical practice to improve outcomes for children with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Olsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Pablo A Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian D Cerecedo Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Omar Arnaout
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Linda Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Avidea Technologies, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Melaiu O, Lucarini V, Giovannoni R, Fruci D, Gemignani F. News on immune checkpoint inhibitors as immunotherapy strategies in adult and pediatric solid tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:18-43. [PMID: 32659257 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown unprecedented benefits in various adult cancers, and this success has prompted the exploration of ICI therapy even in childhood malignances. Although the use of ICIs as individual agents has achieved disappointing response rates, combinational therapies are likely to promise better results. However, only a subset of patients experienced prolonged clinical effects, thus suggesting the need to identify robust bio-markers that predict individual clinical response or resistance to ICI therapy as the main challenge. In this review, we focus on how the use of ICIs in adult cancers can be translated into pediatric malignances. We discuss the physiological mechanism of action of each IC, including PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 and the new emerging ones, LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, B7-H3, BTLA and IDO-1, and evaluate their prognostic value in both adult and childhood tumors. Furthermore, we offer an overview of preclinical models and clinical trials currently under investigation to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies in these patients. Finally, we outline the main predictive factors that influence the efficacy of ICIs, in order to lay the basis for the development of a pan-cancer immunogenomic model, able to direct young patients towards more specific immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Melaiu
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang J, Li Z, Wang Z, Yu Y, Li D, Li B, Ding J. Nanomaterials for Combinational Radio–Immuno Oncotherapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1910676. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University 440 Jiyan Road Jinan 250117 P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal, and Anal SurgeryChina–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University 126 Xiantai Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zhongtang Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University 440 Jiyan Road Jinan 250117 P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Yu
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University 440 Jiyan Road Jinan 250117 P. R. China
| | - Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University 440 Jiyan Road Jinan 250117 P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Forrest SJ, Al-Ibraheemi A, Doan D, Ward A, Clinton CM, Putra J, Pinches RS, Kadoch C, Chi SN, DuBois SG, Leavey PJ, LeBoeuf NR, Mullen E, Collins N, Church AJ, Janeway KA. Genomic and Immunologic Characterization of INI1-Deficient Pediatric Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2882-2890. [PMID: 32122923 PMCID: PMC10947260 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several aggressive pediatric cancers harbor alterations in SMARCB1, including rhabdoid tumors, epithelioid sarcoma, and chordoma. As tumor profiling has become more routine in clinical care, we investigated the relationship between SMARCB1 genetic variants identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and INI1 protein expression. Therapeutic approaches for INI1-deficient tumors are limited. Early reports suggest a potential role for immune checkpoint inhibition in these patients. Thus, we also investigated PD-L1 and CD8 expression in INI1-negative pediatric brain and solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for INI1 and immune markers (PD-L1, CD8, and CD163) and NGS on tumor samples from 43 pediatric patients who had tumors with INI1 loss on previous IHC or SMARCB1 genomic alterations on prior somatic sequencing. RESULTS SMARCB1 two-copy deletions and inactivating mutations on NGS were associated with loss of INI1 protein expression. Single-copy deletion of SMARCB1 was not predictive of INI1 loss in tumor histologies not known to be INI1-deficient. In the 27 cases with INI1 loss and successful tumor sequencing, 24 (89%) had a SMARCB1 alteration detected. In addition, 47% (14/30) of the patients with INI1-negative tumors had a tumor specimen that was PD-L1 positive and 60% (18/30) had positive or rare CD8 staining. We report on 3 patients with INI1-negative tumors with evidence of disease control on immune checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of the INI1-negative tumors express PD-L1, and PD-L1 positivity was associated with extracranial tumor site. These results suggest that clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors are warranted in INI1-negative pediatric cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Forrest
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Duong Doan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abigail Ward
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine M Clinton
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juan Putra
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Seth Pinches
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan N Chi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick J Leavey
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nicole R LeBoeuf
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Cutaneous Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Mullen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Natalie Collins
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alanna J Church
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Immunotherapy Approaches for Pediatric CNS Tumors and Associated Neurotoxicity. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 107:7-15. [PMID: 32113728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment for brain tumors has recently shifted to using the power of the immune system to destroy cancer cells with promising results. Many immunotherapeutic approaches that have been used in adults, including checkpoint inhibitors, vaccine therapy, adoptive immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, and viral therapy, are now being evaluated in children. Although these treatments work through different mechanisms, they all activate the immune system and can result in inflammation at the site of disease. This can be especially problematic in the confined area of the brain causing potentially severe neurological side effects, which are of special concern in children with central nervous system malignancies. Steroids can be helpful in the management of neurological complications but carry the risk of making immunotherapeutic approaches less effective. Alternative therapeutic interventions to mitigate side effects are being evaluated. This review describes the most common immunotherapeutic modalities that are now under study for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors, their rationale, associated neurotoxicities, and current management.
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi JY. Immunotherapy in Pediatric Solid Tumors. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY-ONCOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.15264/cpho.2020.27.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pfeil J, Sanders LM, Anastopoulos I, Lyle AG, Weinstein AS, Xue Y, Blair A, Beale HC, Lee A, Leung SG, Dinh PT, Shah AT, Breese MR, Devine WP, Bjork I, Salama SR, Sweet-Cordero EA, Haussler D, Vaske OM. Hydra: A mixture modeling framework for subtyping pediatric cancer cohorts using multimodal gene expression signatures. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007753. [PMID: 32275708 PMCID: PMC7176284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology has primarily relied on coding mutations as biomarkers of response to therapies. While transcriptome analysis can provide valuable information, incorporation into workflows has been difficult. For example, the relative rather than absolute gene expression level needs to be considered, requiring differential expression analysis across samples. However, expression programs related to the cell-of-origin and tumor microenvironment effects confound the search for cancer-specific expression changes. To address these challenges, we developed an unsupervised clustering approach for discovering differential pathway expression within cancer cohorts using gene expression measurements. The hydra approach uses a Dirichlet process mixture model to automatically detect multimodally distributed genes and expression signatures without the need for matched normal tissue. We demonstrate that the hydra approach is more sensitive than widely-used gene set enrichment approaches for detecting multimodal expression signatures. Application of the hydra analysis framework to small blue round cell tumors (including rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma) identified expression signatures associated with changes in the tumor microenvironment. The hydra approach also identified an association between ATRX deletions and elevated immune marker expression in high-risk neuroblastoma. Notably, hydra analysis of all small blue round cell tumors revealed similar subtypes, characterized by changes to infiltrating immune and stromal expression signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pfeil
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Sanders
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - A. Geoffrey Lyle
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Alana S. Weinstein
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Yuanqing Xue
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Blair
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Holly C. Beale
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Alex Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stanley G. Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Phuong T. Dinh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Avanthi Tayi Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marcus R. Breese
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - W. Patrick Devine
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Isabel Bjork
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Sofie R. Salama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - E. Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David Haussler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Olena Morozova Vaske
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Blaeschke F, Willier S, Stenger D, Lepenies M, Horstmann MA, Escherich G, Zimmermann M, Rojas Ringeling F, Canzar S, Kaeuferle T, Rohlfs M, Binder V, Klein C, Feuchtinger T. Leukemia-induced dysfunctional TIM-3 +CD4 + bone marrow T cells increase risk of relapse in pediatric B-precursor ALL patients. Leukemia 2020; 34:2607-2620. [PMID: 32203137 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of malignancies with tissue-specific immune cells has gained interest for prognosis and intervention of emerging immunotherapies. We analyzed bone marrow T cells (bmT) as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in pediatric precursor-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Based on data from 100 patients, we show that ALL is associated with late-stage CD4+ phenotype and loss of early CD8+ T cells. The inhibitory exhaustion marker TIM-3 on CD4+ bmT increased relapse risk (RFS = 94.6/70.3%) confirmed by multivariate analysis. The hazard ratio of TIM-3 expression nearly reached the hazard ratio of MRD (7.1 vs. 8.0) indicating that patients with a high frequency of TIM-3+CD4+ bone marrow T cells at initial diagnosis have a 7.1-fold increased risk to develop ALL relapse. Comparison of wild type primary T cells to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TIM-3 knockout and TIM-3 overexpression confirmed the negative effect of TIM-3 on T cell responses against ALL. TIM-3+CD4+ bmT are increased in ALL overexpressing CD200, that leads to dysfunctional antileukemic T cell responses. In conclusion, TIM-3-mediated interaction between bmT and leukemia cells is shown as a strong risk factor for relapse in pediatric B-lineage ALL. CD200/TIM-3-signaling, rather than PD-1/PD-L1, is uncovered as a mechanism of T cell dysfunction in ALL with major implication for future immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Blaeschke
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Semjon Willier
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Dana Stenger
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lepenies
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin A Horstmann
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Escherich
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Canzar
- Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Kaeuferle
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Binder
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Feuchtinger
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bernstock JD, Vicario N, Rong L, Valdes PA, Choi BD, Chen JA, DiToro D, Osorio DS, Kachurak K, Gessler F, Johnston JM, Atkinson TP, Whitley RJ, Bag AK, Gillespie GY, Markert JM, Maric D, Friedman GK. A novel in situ multiplex immunofluorescence panel for the assessment of tumor immunopathology and response to virotherapy in pediatric glioblastoma reveals a role for checkpoint protein inhibition. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1678921. [PMID: 31741780 PMCID: PMC6844311 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1678921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 therapy offers an innovative, targeted, less-toxic approach for treating brain tumors. However, a major obstacle in maximizing oncolytic virotherapy is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms that unfold in CNS tumors/associated microenvironments after infusion of virus. We demonstrate that our multiplex biomarker screening platform comprehensively informs changes in both topographical location and functional states of resident/infiltrating immune cells that play a role in neuropathology after treatment with HSV G207 in a pediatric Phase 1 patient. Using this approach, we identified robust infiltration of CD8+ T cells suggesting activation of the immune response following virotherapy; however there was a corresponding upregulation of checkpoint proteins PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and IDO revealing a potential role for checkpoint inhibitors. Such work may ultimately lead to an understanding of the governing pathobiology of tumors, thereby fostering development of novel therapeutics tailored to produce optimal responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Bernstock
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Li Rong
- Department of Pathology, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pablo A Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason A Chen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel DiToro
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana S Osorio
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kara Kachurak
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Florian Gessler
- Department for Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - James M Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - T Prescott Atkinson
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Diagnostic Mycoplasma Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Richard J Whitley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Asim K Bag
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disordersand Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Totsch SK, Schlappi C, Kang KD, Ishizuka AS, Lynn GM, Fox B, Beierle EA, Whitley RJ, Markert JM, Gillespie GY, Bernstock JD, Friedman GK. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus immunotherapy for brain tumors: current pitfalls and emerging strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance. Oncogene 2019; 38:6159-6171. [PMID: 31289361 PMCID: PMC6771414 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) continue to be a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both
children and adults. Traditional therapies for malignant brain tumors consist of surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiation;
such approaches are often associated with extreme morbidity. Accordingly, novel, targeted therapeutics for neoplasms of the CNS,
such as immunotherapy with oncolytic engineered herpes simplex virus (HSV) therapy, are urgently warranted. Herein, we discuss
treatment challenges related to HSV virotherapy delivery, entry, replication, and spread, and in so doing focus on host antiviral
immune responses and the immune microenvironment. Strategies to overcome such challenges including viral re-engineering,
modulation of the immunoregulatory microenvironment and combinatorial therapies with virotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors,
radiation, and vaccination are also examined in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacie K Totsch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Charles Schlappi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyung-Don Kang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Brandon Fox
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Richard J Whitley
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Avidea Technologies, Inc, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Salem DA, Scott D, McCoy CS, Liewehr DJ, Venzon DJ, Arons E, Kreitman RJ, Stetler-Stevenson M, Yuan CM. Differential Expression of CD43, CD81, and CD200 in Classic Versus Variant Hairy Cell Leukemia. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2019; 96:275-282. [PMID: 31077558 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and hairy cell leukemia variant (HCLv) are rare diseases with overlapping clinicopathological features. Features distinguishing HCL from HCLv include expression of CD25, CD123, CD200, annexin-A1, and the presence of BRAF V600E mutation. HCLv typically lacks these markers, but they may occur in a subgroup of HCL patients with an aggressive clinical course. We examined CD43, CD81, CD79b, and CD200 expression in HCL and HCLv. METHODS Multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) was performed on blood from 59 HCL and 15 HCLv patients for protocol entry. Mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD43, CD79b, CD81, and CD200 was determined (for CD200, n = 17 and 7, respectively). RESULTS Median MFI of HCL vs HCLv was 545 vs 272 for CD43, 602 vs 2,450 for CD81, 4,962 vs 1,969 for CD79b, and 11,652 vs 1,405 for CD200, respectively. Analysis of the median differences, HCL minus HCLv (and their 95% confidence intervals and P-values) indicated that CD43 MFI (estimated median difference (95% CI): 212 [72-413; P = 0.0027) and CD200 MFI (9,883 [3,514-13,434]; P < 0.0001) were higher in HCL than in HCLv, while CD81 MFI (-1,858 [-2,604 to -1,365]; P < 0.0001) was lower in HCL than in HCLv. CD79b MFI HCL median was more than double that of HCLv, but the observed difference (1,571 [-739 to 4,417]) was consistent with the null hypothesis of no difference (P = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS CD200, CD43, and CD81 are likely differentially expressed between HCL and HCLv, reflecting their differing disease biology. Inclusion of these markers in FCM is potentially informative. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Salem
- Laboratory of Pathology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Drake Scott
- Laboratory of Pathology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - David J Liewehr
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Evgeny Arons
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Immunotherapy Section, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert J Kreitman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Immunotherapy Section, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tajbakhsh A, Gheibi Hayat SM, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Effect of soluble cleavage products of important receptors/ligands on efferocytosis: Their role in inflammatory, autoimmune and cardiovascular disease. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 50:43-57. [PMID: 30639340 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs), is a physiologic, multifaceted and dynamic process and a fundamental mechanism for the preservation of tissue homeostasis by avoiding unwanted inflammation and autoimmune responses through special phagocytic receptors. Defective efferocytosis is associated with several disease states, including cardiovascular disease and impaired immune surveillance, as occurs in cancer and autoimmune disease. A major cause of defective efferocytosis is non-functionality of surface receptors on either the phagocytic cells or the ACs, such as TAM family tyrosine kinase, which turns to a soluble form by cleavage/shedding or alternative splicing. Recently, soluble forms have featured prominently as potential biomarkers, indicative of prognosis and enabling targeted therapy using several commonly employed drugs and inhibitors, such as bleomycin, dexamethasone, statins and some matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors such as TAPI-1 and BB3103. Importantly, to design drug carriers with enhanced circulatory durability, the adaptation of soluble forms of physiological receptors/ligands has been purported. Research has shown that soluble forms are more effective than antibody forms in enabling targeted treatment of certain conditions, such as autoimmune diseases. In this review, we sought to summarize the current knowledge of these soluble products, how they are generated, their interactions, roles, and their potential use as biomarkers in prognosis and treatment related to inflammatory, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mochizuki K, Kawana S, Yamada S, Muramatsu M, Sano H, Kobayashi S, Ohara Y, Takahashi N, Hakozaki M, Yamada H, Hashimoto Y, Kikuta A. Various checkpoint molecules, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in common pediatric solid tumors: Possibilities for novel immunotherapy. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 36:17-27. [PMID: 30870043 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2019.1578843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term survival rates for pediatric patients with cancer have significantly improved, but novel approaches are desired for those with refractory/relapsed solid tumors. Recently, programed cell death-1/programed cell death-ligand-1 blockade has emerged as an effective option for many intractable cancers. However, not all patients show objective response to such therapy. On the other hand, several other checkpoint pathways, including Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM)/B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), galectin-9 (GAL9)/T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3), and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)/lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3), also regulate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment and may be alternative targets for novel immune therapies. In this study, we examined 65 common pediatric solid tumors and characterized the expression of Herpes virus entry mediator, GAL9, and MHC-II on tumor cells and their corresponding receptors B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator, TIM3, and LAG3, respectively, on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with immunohistochemistry. Whereas the expression of GAL9 and MHC-II was limited, 73% of rhabdomyosarcomas and 100% of osteosarcomas expressed moderate to high levels of Herpes virus entry mediator on the tumor. TILs were detected in all tumor samples except one osteosarcoma. Interestingly, 45% of rhabdomyosarcomas, and 45% of osteosarcomas expressed moderate to high levels of both Herpes virus entry mediator on the tumor cells and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator on the TILs. Results showed that a subset of pediatric solid tumors expressed tumor-associated checkpoint molecules, and TILs expressed corresponding receptors for these checkpoint molecules. Thus, immunogenic environments may be created, and checkpoint blockade may induce favorable immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Mochizuki
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawana
- b Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Shoki Yamada
- b Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Moe Muramatsu
- b Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Hideki Sano
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohara
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Takahashi
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Michiyuki Hakozaki
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamada
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- b Department of Diagnostic Pathology , Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kikuta
- a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rose K, Walson PD. Are Regulatory Age Limits in Pediatric Melanoma Justified? CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2019; 90:113-118. [PMID: 31388365 PMCID: PMC6677782 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Rose
- klausrose Consulting, Riehen, Switzerland
| | - Philip D. Walson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shen C, Hu G, Zhang S, Ao X, Zhou Q, Xiao P, Zhong Y. Immunophenotypic characterization of sphere-forming cells derived from the human renal cell carcinoma cell line 786-O. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3978-3990. [PMID: 30662644 PMCID: PMC6325489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been found in many different types of malignant tumors. In our previous study, we found that sphere-forming cells (SFCs) from the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line SK-RC-42 are rich in CSCs. However, our previous reports are based on only one human RCC cell line, which makes it difficult to determine whether the findings from this cell line represent the general mechanisms in human RCC. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to evaluate whether the sphere culture method could enrich for CSCs from another human RCC cell line, 786-O, and to characterize their immunological phenotype. We discovered that a small population of 786-O cells was capable of growing as tumor spheres. The SFCs had many properties similar to CSCs, including greater ability to self-renew in vitro and in vivo, higher mRNA expression levels of several 'stemness' genes, stronger tumorigenicity and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents than monolayer adherent cells (MACs). The SFCs expressed low levels of MHC-I, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, CD152 and CD154. Additionally, the SFCs had lower expression levels of Her2 and hTERT, FasL, Fas, the transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) and activating natural killer cell receptors than did the MACs. In addition, both 786-O SFCs and MACs were weakly positive for B7-H4 expression, while the expression level of B7-H1 in 786-O SFCs was lower than that in MACs. Furthermore, 786-O SFCs and MACs both expressed substantial and comparable levels of membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs). Finally, we found that 786-O SFCs triggered T cell apoptosis. These findings suggested that tumor spheres from 786-O cells are rich in CSCs. The immunological phenotype of the SFCs described in our study suggests that CSCs might play an important role in tumor immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South UniversityZhuzhou 412007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guoyu Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South UniversityZhuzhou 412007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuren Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Institute, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100021, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jingjing W, Wenzheng G, Donghua W, Guangyu H, Aiping Z, Wenjuan W. Deubiquitination and stabilization of programmed cell death ligand 1 by ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4004-4011. [PMID: 29992764 PMCID: PMC6089178 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune checkpoint protein programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) binds to PD1 to promote tumor cell escape from the killing effect of the immune system. However, there are few studies on the regulatory mechanisms of PD‐L1 in tumors. Although PD‐L1 has been reported to undergo ubiquitination in some cancers, its regulatory mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this phenomenon. Methods We examined the expression and function of USP9X and PD‐L1 in human oral keratinocytes (HOK) and OSCC cell lines (HN4 and HN30) as the control and relevant cancer cells using western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry (IHC), T‐cell‐mediated tumor cell killing assay, and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Results Programmed cell death ligand 1 was highly expressed in OSCC by the regulation of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Furthermore, we discovered that ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 9, X‐linked (USP9X) could be combined with PD‐L1 to induce its deubiquitination and stabilize its protein expression in OSCC. Conclusion Our data indicate that USP9X deubiquitinates and stabilizes PD‐L1. Suppressing the expression of USP9X blocks tumor cell growth. The results provide a theoretical basis for USP9X as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jingjing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Wenzheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Donghua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou Guangyu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Aiping
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Wenjuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hwang K, Koh EJ, Choi EJ, Kang TH, Han JH, Choe G, Park SH, Yearley JH, Annamalai L, Blumenschein W, Sathe M, McClanahan T, Jung H, Wang KC, Kim SK, Kim CY. PD-1/PD-L1 and immune-related gene expression pattern in pediatric malignant brain tumors: clinical correlation with survival data in Korean population. J Neurooncol 2018; 139:281-291. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
27
|
Lee H, El Jabbour T, Ainechi S, Gay LM, Elvin JA, Vergilio JA, Suh J, Ramkissoon SH, Ali SM, Schrock A, Fabrizio D, Frampton G, Nazeer T, Miller VA, Stephens PJ, Ross JS. General paucity of genomic alteration and low tumor mutation burden in refractory and metastatic hepatoblastoma: comprehensive genomic profiling study. Hum Pathol 2017; 70:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Gorczynski RM, Zhu F. Checkpoint blockade in solid tumors and B-cell malignancies, with special consideration of the role of CD200. Cancer Manag Res 2017; 9:601-609. [PMID: 29180896 PMCID: PMC5691938 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s147326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ontogeny of a normal immune response, a series of checkpoints must be overcome to ensure that unwanted and/or harmful self-directed activation responses are avoided. Many of the molecules now known to be active in this overseeing of the evolving immune activation cascade, contributing inhibitory signals to dampen an overexuberant response, belong to the immunoglobulin supergene family. These include members of the CD28/CTLA-4:B7.1/B7.2 receptor/ligand family, PD-1 and PDL-1, CD200 and CD200R, and the more recently described V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation and its ligand (VSIG-3/IGSF11). Unfortunately, from the point of view of improving immunotargeting of cancer cells, triggering these checkpoint inhibitory signaling pathways, so necessary to maintain self-tolerance, simultaneously acts to prevent effective tumor immunity. The recent development of reagents, predominantly antibodies, to act as checkpoint blockade agents, has had a dramatic effect on human cancer treatment, with a marked reported success for anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1 in particular in clinical trials. This review provides a general overview of the data now available showing the promise of such treatments to our cancer armamentarium and elaborates in depth on the potential promise of what can be regarded as an underappreciated target molecule for checkpoint blockade in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and solid tumors, CD200.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Surgical Research, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Killinger JS, Hurley C, Wasserman E, McArthur J. Complications of Emerging Oncology Therapies Requiring Treatment in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40124-017-0145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
30
|
Surface marker profiling of SH-SY5Y cells enables small molecule screens identifying BMP4 as a modulator of neuroblastoma differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13612. [PMID: 29051534 PMCID: PMC5648761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in children. Its broad spectrum of clinical outcomes reflects the underlying inherent cellular heterogeneity. As current treatments often do not lead to tumor eradication, there is a need to better define therapy-resistant neuroblastoma and to identify new modulatory molecules. To this end, we performed the first comprehensive flow cytometric characterization of surface molecule expression in neuroblastoma cell lines. Exploiting an established clustering algorithm (SPADE) for unbiased visualization of cellular subsets, we conducted a multiwell screen for small molecule modulators of neuroblastoma phenotype. In addition to SH-SY5Y cells, the SH-EP, BE(2)-M17 and Kelly lines were included in follow-up analysis as in vitro models of neuroblastoma. A combinatorial detection of glycoprotein epitopes (CD15, CD24, CD44, CD57, TrkA) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 (CD184) enabled the quantitative identification of SPADE-defined clusters differentially responding to small molecules. Exposure to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 was found to enhance a TrkAhigh/CD15−/CD184− neuroblastoma cellular subset, accompanied by a reduction in doublecortin-positive neuroblasts and of NMYC protein expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Beyond yielding novel marker candidates for studying neuroblastoma pathology, our approach may provide tools for improved pharmacological screens towards developing novel avenues of neuroblastoma diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
|
31
|
Newly Characterized Murine Undifferentiated Sarcoma Models Sensitive to Virotherapy with Oncolytic HSV-1 M002. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2017; 7:27-36. [PMID: 29034313 PMCID: PMC5633864 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in conventional chemotherapy, surgical techniques, and radiation, outcomes for patients with relapsed, refractory, or metastatic soft tissue sarcomas are dismal. Survivors often suffer from lasting morbidity from current treatments. New targeted therapies with less toxicity, such as those that harness the immune system, and immunocompetent murine sarcoma models to test these therapies are greatly needed. We characterized two new serendipitous murine models of undifferentiated sarcoma (SARC-28 and SARC-45) and tested their sensitivity to virotherapy with oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Both models expressed high levels of the primary HSV entry molecule nectin-1 (CD111) and were susceptible to killing by interleukin-12 (IL-12) producing HSV-1 M002 in vitro and in vivo. M002 resulted in a significant intratumoral increase in effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and activated monocytes, and a decrease in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in immunocompetent mice. Compared to parent virus R3659 (no IL-12 production), M002 resulted in higher CD8:MDSC and CD8:T regulatory cell (Treg) ratios, suggesting that M002 creates a more favorable immune tumor microenvironment. These data provide support for clinical trials targeting sarcomas with oncolytic HSV-1. These models provide an exciting opportunity to explore combination therapies for soft tissue sarcomas that rely on an intact immune system to reach full therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
32
|
Johnson DB, Sullivan RJ, Menzies AM. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in challenging populations. Cancer 2017; 123:1904-1911. [PMID: 28241095 PMCID: PMC5445005 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including those targeting the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 pathways, are revolutionizing cancer therapeutics. Both activity and toxicities largely stem from unleashing tumor- or host-specific cytotoxic T cells. Many patients seen in routine clinical practice have not qualified for or have been seriously underrepresented in immune checkpoint inhibitor clinical trials. Thus, a major gap in knowledge regarding the safety and efficacy of these agents persists in many populations, even after regulatory approval. To address this challenge, this review aggregates and synthesizes the available preclinical and clinical data surrounding immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in challenging clinical populations to assist both academic and community oncologists in treatment decision making. Specifically, this review focuses on the safety and activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with autoimmune disorders, organ transplant patients, patients with chronic viral infections, patients with ongoing immunosuppressant use, patients with organ dysfunction, pregnant patients, patients with brain metastases, patients at extremes of age, and patients with an impaired functional status. Cancer 2017;123:1904-1911. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander M. Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Friedman GK, Markert JM, Gillespie GY. Combination strategies enhance oncolytic virotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:34020-34021. [PMID: 28487503 PMCID: PMC5470943 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - George Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|