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Cai C, Liu Q, Shan H, Zhong C, Chen G, Cai Z, Zheng Y, Lu J, Tang J, Lin Z. Aberrant Super-Enhancer Landscape in Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2024; 28:243-256. [PMID: 38722048 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which has developed resistance to next-generation antiandrogens, such as enzalutamide (Enz), is a lethal disease. Furthermore, transcriptional regulation by super enhancers (SEs) is crucial for the growth and spread of prostate cancer, as well as drug resistance. The functions of SEs, a significant class of noncoding DNA cis-regulatory elements, have been the subject of numerous recent studies in the field of cancer research. Materials and Methods: The goal of this research was to identify SEs associated with Enz resistance in C4-2B cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag). Using HOMER analysis to predict protein/gene-binding motifs, we identified master transcription factors (TFs) that may bind to SE sites. Using small interfering RNA, WST-1 assays, and qRT-PCR, we then confirmed the associations between TFs of SEs and Enz resistance. Results: A total of 999 SEs were screened from C4-2B EnzR cells in total. Incorporating analysis with RNA-seq data revealed 41 SEs to be strongly associated with the promotion of Enz resistance. In addition, we finally predicted that master TFs bind to SE-binding regions. Subsequently, we selected zinc finger protein 467 (ZFP467) and SMAD family member 3 to confirm the functional connections of master TFs with Enz resistance through SEs (ZNF467). Conclusions: In this study, SMAD3 and ZNF467 were found to be closely related to Enz-resistant CRPC. Our research uncovered a sizable group of SEs linked to Enz resistance in prostate cancer, dissected the mechanisms underlying SE Enz resistance, and shed light on potential clinical uses for SEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Shan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanfan Zhong
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guidong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouda Cai
- Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Du Z, Chen X, Zhu P, Lv Q, Yong J, Gu J. Knocking down SOX2 overcomes the resistance of prostate cancer to castration via notch signaling. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9007-9017. [PMID: 37716921 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a terminal type of advanced cancer resistant to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Due to the poor therapeutic response of CRPC, novel treatment strategies are urgently required. This study aimed to clarify the regulatory roles of the SOX2/Notch axis in CRPC. METHODS For the evaluation of the SOX2, Notch, and Hey1 expression in the prostate cancer (PCa) and CRPC tissues, we conducted immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate SOX2 and Notch expression in enzalutamide-resistant LNCaP cells (Enza-R). CCK-8, Transwell, Wound healing, and Western blotting assays were used to assess the viability, invasion, migration, cell cycle, and drug-resistant in Enza-R cells. RESULTS Compared to the PCa tissues, CRPC tissues exhibited significantly elevated SOX2, Notch1, and Hey1 expression. SOX2-positive patients were more likely to develop bone metastases than SOX2-negative ones. Significant activation of the signaling associated with SOX2 and Notch was detected in Enza-R cells. The suppression of SOX2 clearly inactivated the Notch signaling and inhibited malignant behaviors, including proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance in Enza-R cells. Theγsecretase inhibitor, GSI-IX, abrogated the enzalutamide resistance by inhibiting Notch signaling in vitro in vitro. Also, GSI-IX alone had a significant anti-tumor effect in Enza-R cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that SOX2/Notch signaling was responsible for Enzalutamide resistance in CRPC. Targeting SOX2/Notch signaling might represent a new choice for the treatment and therapy of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Pingyu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Operation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jun Yong
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Junqing Gu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Liu W, Song Q, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhou D, Li A. Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of expression profiles and prognostic significance for NUMB and NUMBL in human tumors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34717. [PMID: 37657045 PMCID: PMC10476719 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NUMB has been initially identified as a critical cell fate determinant that modulates cell differentiation via asymmetrical partitioning during mitosis, including tumor cells. However, it remains absent that a systematic assessment of the mechanisms underlying NUMB and its homologous protein NUMBLIKE (NUMBL) involvement in cancer. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance for NUMB and NUMBL in pan-cancer. In this study, using the online databases TIMER2.0, gene expression profiling interactive analysis, cBioPortal, the University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis Portal, SearchTool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins, and R software, we focused on the relevance between NUMB/NUMBL and oncogenesis, progression, mutation, phosphorylation, function and prognosis. This study demonstrated that abnormal expression of NUMB and NUMBL were found to be significantly associated with clinicopathologic stages and the prognosis of survival. Besides, genetic alternations of NUMB and NUMBL focused on uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, and higher genetic mutations of NUMBL were correlated with more prolonged overall survival and disease-free survival in different cancers. Moreover, S438 locus of NUMB peptide fragment was frequently phosphorylated in 4 cancer types and relevant to its phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, endocytosis processing and neurogenesis regulation were involved in the functional mechanisms of NUMB and NUMBL separately. Additionally, the pathway enrichment suggested that NUMB was implicated in Hippo, Neurotrophin, Thyroid hormone, and FoxO pathways, while MAPK, Hippo, Rap1, mTOR, and Notch pathways were related to the functions of NUMBL. This study highlights the predictive roles of NUMB and NUMBL in pan-cancer, suggesting NUMB and NUMBL might be served as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in various malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weizhe Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qiuhang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dingyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Aiying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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4
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Zhou Y, Li T, Jia M, Dai R, Wang R. The Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: From the Past to the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087482. [PMID: 37108647 PMCID: PMC10140972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to rank as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in western countries, despite the golden treatment using androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or anti-androgen therapy. With decades of research, scientists have gradually realized that the existence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) successfully explains tumor recurrence, metastasis and therapeutic failure of PCa. Theoretically, eradication of this small population may improve the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches and prolong PCa survival. However, several characteristics of PCSCs make their diminishment extremely challenging: inherent resistance to anti-androgen and chemotherapy treatment, over-activation of the survival pathway, adaptation to tumor micro-environments, escape from immune attack and being easier to metastasize. For this end, a better understanding of PCSC biology at the molecular level will definitely inspire us to develop PCSC targeted approaches. In this review, we comprehensively summarize signaling pathways responsible for homeostatic regulation of PCSCs and discuss how to eliminate these fractional cells in clinical practice. Overall, this study deeply pinpoints PCSC biology at the molecular level and provides us some research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Man Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ronghao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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5
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Ramesh S, Selvakumar P, Ameer MY, Lian S, Abdullah Alzarooni AIM, Ojha S, Mishra A, Tiwari A, Kaushik A, Jung YD, Chouaib S, Lakshmanan VK. State-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for targeting cancer stem cells in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1059441. [PMID: 36969009 PMCID: PMC10035756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1059441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic strategies is on the increase for prostate cancer stem cells, owing to current standardized therapies for prostate cancer, including chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radiotherapy, and surgery, often failing because of tumor relapse ability. Ultimately, tumor relapse develops into advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which becomes an irreversible and systemic disease. Hence, early identification of the intracellular components and molecular networks that promote prostate cancer is crucial for disease management and therapeutic intervention. One of the potential therapeutic methods for aggressive prostate cancer is to target prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which appear to be a primary focal point of cancer metastasis and recurrence and are resistant to standardized therapies. PCSCs have also been documented to play a major role in regulating tumorigenesis, sphere formation, and the metastasis ability of prostate cancer with their stemness features. Therefore, the current review highlights the origin and identification of PCSCs and their role in anti-androgen resistance, as well as stemness-related signaling pathways. In addition, the review focuses on the current advanced therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs that are helping to prevent prostate cancer initiation and progression, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), nanotechnology, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing system, and photothermal ablation (PTA) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Ramesh
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Preethi Selvakumar
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Yazeer Ameer
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anshuman Mishra
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan,
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6
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He Y, Ji Z, Gong Y, Fan L, Xu P, Chen X, Miao J, Zhang K, Zhang W, Ma P, Zhao H, Cheng C, Wang D, Wang J, Jing N, Liu K, Zhang P, Dong B, Zhuang G, Fu Y, Xue W, Gao WQ, Zhu HH. Numb/Parkin-directed mitochondrial fitness governs cancer cell fate via metabolic regulation of histone lactylation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112033. [PMID: 36724072 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell plasticity and neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate and lung adenocarcinomas are one of the major reasons for therapeutic resistance to targeted therapy. Whether and how metabolic changes contribute to this adenocarcinoma-to-neuroendocrine cell fate transition remains largely unclear. Here we show that neuroendocrine prostate or lung cancer cells possess mostly fragmented mitochondria with low membrane potential and rely on glycolysis for energy metabolism. We further show an important role of the cell fate determinant Numb in mitochondrial quality control via binding to Parkin and facilitating Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Deficiency in the Numb/Parkin pathway in prostate or lung adenocarcinomas causes a metabolic reprogramming featured with a significant increase in production of lactate acid, which subsequently leads to an upregulation of histone lactylation and transcription of neuroendocrine-associated genes. Collectively, the Numb/Parkin-directed mitochondrial fitness is a key metabolic switch and a promising therapeutic target on cancer cell plasticity through the regulation of histone lactylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuman He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhongzhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yiming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liancheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Penghui Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Juju Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wentian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chaping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Deng Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Na Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Helen He Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
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7
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Guo Y, Chen X, Zhang X, Hu X. UBE2S and UBE2C confer a poor prognosis to breast cancer via downregulation of Numb. Front Oncol 2023; 13:992233. [PMID: 36860312 PMCID: PMC9969189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.992233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes E2S (UBE2S) and E2C (UBE2C), which mediate the biological process of ubiquitination, have been widely reported in various cancers. Numb, the cell fate determinant and tumor suppressor, was also involved in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. However, the interaction between UBE2S/UBE2C and Numb and their roles in the clinical outcome of breast cancer (BC) are not widely elucidated. Methods Oncomine, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analyses were utilized to analyze UBE2S/UBE2C and Numb expression in various cancer types and their respective normal controls, breast cancer tissues, and breast cancer cell lines. The expression of UBE2S, UBE2C, and Numb in BC patients with different ER, PR, and HER2 status, grades, stages, and survival status was compared. By Kaplan-Meier plotter, we further evaluated the prognostic value of UBE2S, UBE2C, and Numb in BC patients. We also explored the potential regulatory mechanisms underlying UBE2S/UBE2C and Numb through overexpression and knockdown experiments in BC cell lines and performed growth and colony formation assays to assess cell malignancy. Results In this study, we showed that UBE2S and UBE2C were overexpressed while Numb was downregulated in BC, and in BC of higher grade, stage, and poor survival. Compared to hormone receptor negative (HR-) BC cell lines or tissues, HR+ BC demonstrated lower UBE2S/UBE2C and higher Numb, corresponding to better survival. We also showed that increased UBE2S/UBE2C and reduced Numb predicted poor prognosis in BC patients, as well as in ER+ BC patients. In BC cell lines, UBE2S/UBE2C overexpression decreased the level of Numb and enhanced cell malignancy, while knocking down UBE2S/UBE2C demonstrated the opposite effects. Conclusion UBE2S and UBE2C downregulated Numb and enhanced BC malignancy. The combination of UBE2S/UBE2C and Numb could potentially serve as novel biomarkers for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaowei Zhang, ; Xichun Hu, ; Yanjing Guo,
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Department of Breast cancer and Urological Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaowei Zhang, ; Xichun Hu, ; Yanjing Guo,
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Department of Breast cancer and Urological Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaowei Zhang, ; Xichun Hu, ; Yanjing Guo,
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8
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Ortega-Campos SM, García-Heredia JM. The Multitasker Protein: A Look at the Multiple Capabilities of NUMB. Cells 2023; 12:333. [PMID: 36672267 PMCID: PMC9856935 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NUMB, a plasma membrane-associated protein originally described in Drosophila, is involved in determining cell function and fate during early stages of development. It is secreted asymmetrically in dividing cells, with one daughter cell inheriting NUMB and the other inheriting its antagonist, NOTCH. NUMB has been proposed as a polarizing agent and has multiple functions, including endocytosis and serving as an adaptor in various cellular pathways such as NOTCH, Hedgehog, and the P53-MDM2 axis. Due to its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, it has been suggested that NUMB may be involved in various human pathologies such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Further research on NUMB could aid in understanding disease mechanisms and advancing the field of personalized medicine and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Ortega-Campos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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9
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The role of Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathway in cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:44. [PMID: 36517618 PMCID: PMC9751255 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and Hedgehog signaling are involved in cancer biology and pathology, including the maintenance of tumor cell proliferation, cancer stem-like cells, and the tumor microenvironment. Given the complexity of Notch signaling in tumors, its role as both a tumor promoter and suppressor, and the crosstalk between pathways, the goal of developing clinically safe, effective, tumor-specific Notch-targeted drugs has remained intractable. Drugs developed against the Hedgehog signaling pathway have affirmed definitive therapeutic effects in basal cell carcinoma; however, in some contexts, the challenges of tumor resistance and recurrence leap to the forefront. The efficacy is very limited for other tumor types. In recent years, we have witnessed an exponential increase in the investigation and recognition of the critical roles of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways in cancers, and the crosstalk between these pathways has vast space and value to explore. A series of clinical trials targeting signaling have been launched continually. In this review, we introduce current advances in the understanding of Notch and Hedgehog signaling and the crosstalk between pathways in specific tumor cell populations and microenvironments. Moreover, we also discuss the potential of targeting Notch and Hedgehog for cancer therapy, intending to promote the leap from bench to bedside.
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10
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Bryl R, Piwocka O, Kawka E, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Knopik-Skrocka A. Cancer Stem Cells-The Insight into Non-Coding RNAs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223699. [PMID: 36429127 PMCID: PMC9688207 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their initial identification three decades ago, there has been extensive research regarding cancer stem cells (CSCs). It is important to consider the biology of cancer stem cells with a particular focus on their phenotypic and metabolic plasticity, the most important signaling pathways, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulating these cellular entities. Furthermore, the current status of therapeutic approaches against CSCs is an important consideration regarding employing the technology to improve human health. Cancer stem cells have claimed to be one of the most important group of cells for the development of several common cancers as they dictate features, such as resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, metastasis, and secondary tumor formation. Therapies which could target these cells may develop into an effective strategy for tumor eradication and a hope for patients for whom this disease remains uncurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Bryl
- Section of Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Natural Sciences Club, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Oliwia Piwocka
- Section of Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Natural Sciences Club, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Emilia Kawka
- Section of Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Natural Sciences Club, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: or
| | - Agnieszka Knopik-Skrocka
- Section of Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Natural Sciences Club, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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11
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SOX8 Knockdown Overcomes Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer by Inhibiting the Notch Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9235837. [PMID: 36246971 PMCID: PMC9560839 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9235837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is still challenging to treat. Dissatisfaction with androgen signal-targeted therapy forces people to look for other treatment strategies. Therefore, this study is aimed at exploring the role of SOX8/Notch signaling in CRPC. The upregulation of SOX8, Notch4, and Hes5 indicated a poor progression-free survival (PFS) in CRPC patients. The expression of these proteins was also upregulated in enzalutamide-resistant LNCaP cells (Enza-R). Moreover, knocking down SOX8 inhibited malignant biological behaviors and decreased the activation of Notch signaling in Enza-R cells. Importantly, knocking down SOX8 obviously reversed the enzalutamide resistance in Enza-R cells, while RO0429097 (a γ secretase inhibitor inactivates Notch signaling) exerted similar effects. At last, we found that both SOX8 knockdown and/or RO0429097 suppressed tumor growth and bone metastasis in vivo. Altogether, our study indicated that the SOX8/Notch signaling is involved in CRPC and that these enzymes are possible targets to develop novel treatment for CRPC.
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12
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Tang DG. Understanding and targeting prostate cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 82:68-93. [PMID: 34844845 PMCID: PMC9106849 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy that occurs primarily in old males. Prostate tumors in different patients manifest significant inter-patient heterogeneity with respect to histo-morphological presentations and molecular architecture. An individual patient tumor also harbors genetically distinct clones in which PCa cells display intra-tumor heterogeneity in molecular features and phenotypic marker expression. This inherent PCa cell heterogeneity, e.g., in the expression of androgen receptor (AR), constitutes a barrier to the long-term therapeutic efficacy of AR-targeting therapies. Furthermore, tumor progression as well as therapeutic treatments induce PCa cell plasticity such that AR-positive PCa cells may turn into AR-negative cells and prostate tumors may switch lineage identity from adenocarcinomas to neuroendocrine-like tumors. This induced PCa cell plasticity similarly confers resistance to AR-targeting and other therapies. In this review, I first discuss PCa from the perspective of an abnormal organ development and deregulated cellular differentiation, and discuss the luminal progenitor cells as the likely cells of origin for PCa. I then focus on intrinsic PCa cell heterogeneity in treatment-naïve tumors with the presence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs). I further elaborate on PCa cell plasticity induced by genetic alterations and therapeutic interventions, and present potential strategies to therapeutically tackle PCa cell heterogeneity and plasticity. My discussions will make it clear that, to achieve enduring clinical efficacy, both intrinsic PCa cell heterogeneity and induced PCa cell plasticity need to be targeted with novel combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Experimental Therapeutics (ET) Graduate Program, The University at Buffalo & Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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13
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Therapeutic targeting m6A-guided miR-146a-5p signaling contributes to the melittin-induced selective suppression of bladder cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 534:215615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Notch signaling pathway: architecture, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:95. [PMID: 35332121 PMCID: PMC8948217 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH gene was identified approximately 110 years ago. Classical studies have revealed that NOTCH signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway. NOTCH receptors undergo three cleavages and translocate into the nucleus to regulate the transcription of target genes. NOTCH signaling deeply participates in the development and homeostasis of multiple tissues and organs, the aberration of which results in cancerous and noncancerous diseases. However, recent studies indicate that the outcomes of NOTCH signaling are changeable and highly dependent on context. In terms of cancers, NOTCH signaling can both promote and inhibit tumor development in various types of cancer. The overall performance of NOTCH-targeted therapies in clinical trials has failed to meet expectations. Additionally, NOTCH mutation has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade therapy in many cancers. Collectively, the NOTCH pathway needs to be integrally assessed with new perspectives to inspire discoveries and applications. In this review, we focus on both classical and the latest findings related to NOTCH signaling to illustrate the history, architecture, regulatory mechanisms, contributions to physiological development, related diseases, and therapeutic applications of the NOTCH pathway. The contributions of NOTCH signaling to the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy are also highlighted. We hope this review will help not only beginners but also experts to systematically and thoroughly understand the NOTCH signaling pathway.
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15
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Zahra MH, Nawara HM, Hassan G, Afify SM, Seno A, Seno M. Cancer Stem Cells Contribute to Drug Resistance in Multiple Different Ways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:125-139. [PMID: 36587305 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many tumors are resistant to conventional cancer therapies because a tumor is composed of heterogeneous cell population. Especially, subpopulation of cancer stem cells, which have self-renewal and differentiation properties and responsible for the tumor initiation, is generally considered resistant to chemo-, radio-, and immune therapy. Understanding the mechanism of drug resistance in cancer stem cells should lead to establish more effective therapeutic strategies. Actually, different molecular mechanisms are conceivable for cancer stem cells acquiring drug resistance. These mechanisms include not only cytoplasmic signaling pathways but also the intercellular communications in the tumor microenvironment. Recently, a great deal of successful reports challenged to elucidate the mechanisms of drug resistance and to develop novel treatments targeting cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram H Zahra
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Genomic Oncology and Oral Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Said M Afify
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum-Menoufia, Shebeen El-Kom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Laboratory of Natural Food & Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Natural Food & Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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16
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Xu XC, He S, Zhou YQ, Liu CJ, Liu SQ, Peng W, Liu YX, Wei PP, Bei JX, Luo CL. RNA-binding motif protein RBM47 promotes tumorigenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through multiple pathways. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:595-605. [PMID: 34274258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA binding motif proteins (RBMs) have been widely implicated in the tumorigenesis of multiple human cancers but scarcely studied in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we compare the mRNA levels of 29 RBMs between 87 NPC and 10 control samples. We find that RBM47 is frequently upregulated in NPC specimens, and its high expression is associated with the poor prognosis of patients with NPC. Biological experiments show that RBM47 plays an oncogenic role in NPC cells. Mechanically, RBM47 binds to the promoter and regulates the transcription of BCAT1, and its overexpression partially rescues the inhibitory effects of RBM47-knockdown on NPC cells. Moreover, transcriptome analysis reveals that RBM47 regulates alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, including those cancer-related, to a large extent in NPC cells. Furthermore, RBM47 binds to hnRNPM and cooperatively regulates multiple splicing events in NPC cells. In addition, we find that knockdown of hnRNPM inhibits proliferation and migration of NPC cells. Our study, taken together, shows that RBM47 promotes the progression of NPC through multiple pathways, acting as a transcriptional factor and a modulator of alternative splicing in cooperation with hnRNPM. Our study also highlights that RBM47 and hnRNPM could be prognostic factors and potential therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Shuai He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Ya-Qing Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Chu-Jun Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Shu-Qiang Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Wan Peng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Yu-Xiang Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Wei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre of Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Chun-Ling Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.
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17
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Wang X, Cai J, Zhao L, Zhang D, Xu G, Hu J, Zhang T, Jin M. NUMB suppression by miR-9-5P enhances CD44 + prostate cancer stem cell growth and metastasis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11210. [PMID: 34045601 PMCID: PMC8160147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies over the past two decades have provided overwhelming evidence that human cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), harbor cancer stem cells (CSCs) that sustain tumor growth, drive tumor progression and mediate therapy resistance and tumor relapse. Recent studies have also implicated NUMB as a PCa suppressor and an inhibitor of PCa stem cells (PCSCs); however, exactly how NUMB functions in these contexts remains unclear. Here, by employing bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assays and by conducting rescue experiments, we first show that NUMB is directly targeted by microRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p), an oncogenic miR associated with poor prognosis in many malignancies. We further show that miR-9-5p levels are inversely correlated with NUMB expression in CD44+ PCSCs. miR-9-5p reduced NUMB expression and inhibited numerous PCSC properties including proliferation, migration, invasion as well as self-renewal. Strikingly, overexpression of NUMB in CD44+ PCSCs overcame all of the above PCSC properties enforced by miR-9-5p. Taken together, our results suggest that inhibiting the expression of the oncomiR miR-9-5p and overexpressing NUMB may represent novel therapeutic strategies to target PCSCs and PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guojie Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jianli Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Min Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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18
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Slow-cycling (dormant) cancer cells in therapy resistance, cancer relapse and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 78:90-103. [PMID: 33979674 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity constitute major barriers to effective clinical treatments and long-term therapeutic efficacy. Research in the past two decades suggest that virtually all treatment-naive human cancers harbor subsets of cancer cells that possess many of the cardinal features of normal stem cells. Such stem-like cancer cells, operationally defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are frequently quiescent and dynamically change and evolve during tumor progression and therapeutic interventions. Intrinsic tumor cell heterogeneity is reflected in a different aspect in that tumors also harbor a population of slow-cycling cells (SCCs) that are not in the proliferative cell cycle and thus are intrinsically refractory to anti-mitotic drugs. In this Perspective, we focus our discussions on SCCs in cancer and on various methodologies that can be employed to enrich and purify SCCs, compare the similarities and differences between SCCs, CSCs and cancer cells undergoing EMT, and present evidence for the involvement of SCCs in surviving anti-neoplastic treatments, mediating tumor relapse, maintaining tumor dormancy and mediating metastatic dissemination. Our discussions make it clear that an in-depth understanding of the biological properties of SCCs in cancer will be instrumental to developing new therapeutic strategies to prevent tumor relapse and distant metastasis.
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19
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Kumar V, Vashishta M, Kong L, Wu X, Lu JJ, Guha C, Dwarakanath BS. The Role of Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt Signaling Pathways in the Resistance of Tumors to Anticancer Therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650772. [PMID: 33968932 PMCID: PMC8100510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is the major hurdle in the current cancer management. Cancer cells often rewire their cellular process to alternate mechanisms to resist the deleterious effect mounted by different therapeutic approaches. The major signaling pathways involved in the developmental process, such as Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt, play a vital role in development, tumorigenesis, and also in the resistance to the various anticancer therapies. Understanding how cancer utilizes these developmental pathways in acquiring the resistance to the multi-therapeutic approach cancer can give rise to a new insight of the anti-therapy resistance mechanisms, which can be explored for the development of a novel therapeutic approach. We present a brief overview of Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways in cancer and its role in providing resistance to various cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Understanding the importance of these molecular networks will provide a rational basis for novel and safer combined anticancer therapeutic approaches for the improvement of cancer treatment by overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohit Vashishta
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiade J Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chandan Guha
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - B S Dwarakanath
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
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20
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Du Z, Li L, Sun W, Zhu P, Cheng S, Yang X, Luo C, Yu X, Wu X. Systematic Evaluation for the Influences of the SOX17/Notch Receptor Family Members on Reversing Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:607291. [PMID: 33791203 PMCID: PMC8006330 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.607291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains challenging due to the failure of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); hence the search for other molecular therapeutic targets besides androgen receptor signaling is ongoing. This study systematically investigated the expression of SOX17 and Notch receptors in CRPC tissues and cells in vitro, showing that consistent clinical CRPC, SOX17/Notch1, and Notch4 were responsible for enzalutamide resistance in CRPC cells. The γ secretase inhibitors, BMS-708163, GSI-IX, PF-3084014, and RO4929097 abrogated the enzalutamide resistance by inhibiting Notch1 or/and Notch4 in vitro, with GSI-IX and RO4929097 being more effective than BMS-708163 and PF-3084014 in reliving bone metastasis in vivo. In conclusion, the Notch1 and Notch4 inhibitors GSI-IX and RO4929097 are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo Li
- Center for Immunology Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingyu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shulin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Abstract
Therapy resistance is a major problem when treating cancer patients as cancer cells develop mechanisms that counteract the effect of therapeutic compounds, leading to fit and more aggressive clones that contribute to poor prognosis. Therapy resistance can be both intrinsic and/or acquired. These are multifactorial events, and some are related to factors including adaptations in cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), deregulation of key signaling pathways, drug efflux through ABC transporters, acquired mutations, evading apoptosis, and activation of DNA damage response among others. Among these factors, CSCs represent the major source of therapy resistance. CSCs are a subset of tumor cells that are capable of self-renewal and multilineage progenitor expansion that are known to be intrinsically resistant to anticancer treatments. Multiple clones of CSCs pre-exist, and some can adopt and expand easily to changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and/or in response to radio- and chemotherapy. A combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributes to CSC-mediated therapy resistance. In this review, we will focus on CSCs and therapy resistance as well as suggest strategies to eliminate CSCs and, therefore, overcome resistance. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
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22
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Liu C, Qi M, Li L, Yuan Y, Wu X, Fu J. Natural cordycepin induces apoptosis and suppresses metastasis in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the Hedgehog pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:2107-2116. [PMID: 32163051 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02879j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the study, we investigated the role of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway in cordycepin's effects on human breast cancer cells, with respect to cell growth, apoptosis and metastasis. We found cordycepin to have low toxicity but significant anticancer effects. Cordycepin-induced apoptosis led to increased PUMA, CYTO-C, FAS, DR4/5, and cleaved caspase-3; and decreased BCL-2, XIAP and PDGFR-α. Cordycepin inhibited metastasis, which was associated with up-regulated E-cadherin, and down-regulated N-cadherin, SNAIL, SLUG and ZEB1. Cordycepin also inhibited expression of Hh pathway components and GLI transcriptional activity. Inversely, knockout of GLI blocked cordycepin-mediated effects on the apoptotic, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Notch pathways, which indicates that GLI is crucial for cordycepin's effects against breast cancer. Inhibition of GLI enhanced cordycepin's effect on breast cancer cell growth. To our knowledge, this is the first study of cordycepin's effect on the Hh pathway in breast cancer, and provides preliminary data for the in vivo study, and possible therapeutic use, of cordycepin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Junsheng Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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23
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Wang F, Zhu Y, Wang F, Wang Y, Dong BJ, Wang N, Gao WQ. Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to prostate cancer heterogeneity through reciprocal suppression of H3K27 trimethylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:242-249. [PMID: 32446375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity remains as a major challenge in the treatment resistance of prostate cancer. Understanding the mechanism of prostate cancer heterogeneity is essential for developing effective therapies. In this study, we reported the heterogeneous activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer. We developed a Wnt/β-catenin signaling reporting system to directly characterize the differences between Wnt/β-catenin signaling active (GFP+) and inactive (GFP-) cells. Compared to GFP- cells, GFP+ cells demonstrated cancer stem cell properties with higher colony formation efficiency, slower cell cycle, higher resistance to docetaxel and higher expression of cancer stem cell markers. In addition, we found that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is negatively correlated with H3K27me3 levels. Further studies demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling affected H3K27me3 levels by regulating the expression of KDM6A, one of the H3K27me3 demethylases. H3K27me3 suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling by directly silencing LEF1 promoter. Together, our studies suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling makes a major contribution to prostate cancer heterogeneity and targeting both Wnt/β-catenin signaling active and inactive populations is essential for developing more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuli Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Jun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Huang R, Wang S, Wang N, Zheng Y, Zhou J, Yang B, Wang X, Zhang J, Guo L, Wang S, Chen Z, Wang Z, Xiang S. CCL5 derived from tumor-associated macrophages promotes prostate cancer stem cells and metastasis via activating β-catenin/STAT3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:234. [PMID: 32300100 PMCID: PMC7162982 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) play a critical role in prostate cancer progression and metastasis, which remains an obstacle for successful prostate cancer treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cell population within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Systematic investigation of the interaction and network signaling between PCSCs and TAMs may help in searching for the critical target to suppress PCSCs and metastasis. Herein, we demonstrated that TAMs-secreted CCL5 could significantly promote the migration, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of prostate cancer cells as well as the self-renewal of PCSCs in vitro. QPCR screening validated STAT3 as the most significant response gene in prostate cancer cells following CCL5 treatment. RNA-sequencing and mechanistic explorations further revealed that CCL5 could promote PCSCs self-renewal and prostate cancer metastasis via activating the β-catenin/STAT3 signaling. Notably, CCL5 knockdown in TAMs not only significantly suppressed prostate cancer xenografts growth and bone metastasis but also inhibited the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of PCSCs in vivo. Finally, clinical investigations and bioinformatic analysis suggested that high CCL5 expression was significantly correlated with high Gleason grade, poor prognosis, metastasis as well as increased PCSCs activity in prostate cancer patients. Taken together, TAMs/CCL5 could promote PCSCs self-renewal and prostate cancer metastasis via activating β-catenin/STAT3 signaling. This study provides a novel rationale for developing TAMs/CCL5 as a potential molecular target for PCSCs elimination and metastatic prostate cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlun Huang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Neng Wang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juping Zhang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lang Guo
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Songtao Xiang
- The Research Centre of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Exosomal miRNA: Small Molecules, Big Impact in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8585276. [PMID: 31737071 PMCID: PMC6815599 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8585276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many cell types including stromal cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells. The TME modulation explains the heterogeneity of response to therapy observed in patients. In this context, exosomes are emerging as major contributors in cancer biology. Indeed, exosomes are implicated in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and premetastatic niche formation. They contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs. More recently, many studies on exosomes have focused on miRNAs, small noncoding RNA molecules able to influence protein expression. In this review, we describe miRNAs transported by exosomes in the context of CRC and discuss their influence on TME and their potential as circulating biomarkers. This overview underlines emerging roles for exosomal miRNAs in cancer research for the near future.
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26
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Exon 3 of the NUMB Gene Emerged in the Chordate Lineage Coopting the NUMB Protein to the Regulation of MDM2. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:3359-3367. [PMID: 31451549 PMCID: PMC6778778 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
MDM2 regulates a variety of cellular processes through its dual protein:protein interaction and ubiquitin ligase activities. One major function of MDM2 is to bind and ubiquitinate P53, thereby regulating its proteasomal degradation. This function is in turn controlled by the cell fate determinant NUMB, which binds to and inhibits MDM2 via a short stretch of 11 amino acids, contained in its phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, encoded by exon 3 of the NUMB gene. The NUMB-MDM2-P53 circuitry is relevant to the specification of the stem cell fate and its subversion has been shown to be causal in breast cancer leading to the emergence of cancer stem cells. While extensive work on the evolutionary aspects of the MDM2/P53 circuitry has provided hints as to how these two proteins have evolved together to maintain conserved and linked functions, little is known about the evolution of the NUMB gene and, in particular, how it developed the ability to regulate MDM2 function. Here, we show that NUMB is a metazoan gene, which acquired exon 3 in the common ancestor of the Chordate lineage, first being present in the Cephalochordate and Tunicate subphyla, but absent in invertebrates. We provide experimental evidence showing that since its emergence, exon 3 conferred to the PTB domain of NUMB the ability to bind and to regulate MDM2 functions.
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27
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Yu L, Xia K, Gao T, Chen J, Zhang Z, Sun X, Simões BM, Eyre R, Fan Z, Guo W, Clarke RB. The Notch Pathway Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression through Activation of Ephrin Reverse Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2383-2394. [PMID: 31570655 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma, the molecular mechanisms underpinning disease progression remain unclear. This work presents strong clinical and experimental evidence demonstrating that Notch signaling contributes to osteosarcoma progression. First, using a cohort of 12 patients, Notch genes were upregulated in tumors compared with adjacent normal tissue, and high tumor expression of Notch1 intercellular domain (NICD1) and the Notch target gene Hes1 correlated with poor chemotherapy response. Data mining of publicly available datasets confirmed that expression of Notch pathway genes is related to poor prognosis in osteosarcoma. On the basis of in vitro analysis, Notch signaling promoted osteosarcoma proliferation, enhanced chemoresistance, facilitated both migration and invasion, and upregulated stem cell-like characteristics. Xenograft models demonstrated that Notch signaling promotes primary tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis, and Notch inhibition is effective in reducing tumor size and preventing metastasis. Mechanistically, activated Notch signaling induces the expression of ephrinB1 and enhances the tumor-promoting ephrin reverse signaling. Overall, these findings provide functional evidence for Notch pathway genes as candidate biomarkers to predict prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma, and suggest a mechanistic rationale for the use of Notch inhibitors to treat osteosarcoma. IMPLICATIONS: The study provides preclinical evidence for Notch pathway as a molecular marker to predict osteosarcoma prognosis and as a therapeutic target against osteosarcoma. In addition, we identified a novel mechanism that ephrin reverse signaling acts as a key mediator of Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kezhou Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jingteng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengpei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangran Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bruno M Simões
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Eyre
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengfu Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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28
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Prostate Cancer Development: Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E82. [PMID: 31366128 PMCID: PMC6789661 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent nonskin cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in man. Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease with many patients exhibiting an aggressive disease with progression, metastasis, and other patients showing an indolent disease with low tendency to progression. Three stages of development of human prostate tumors have been identified: intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma androgen-dependent, and adenocarcinoma androgen-independent or castration-resistant. Advances in molecular technologies have provided a very rapid progress in our understanding of the genomic events responsible for the initial development and progression of prostate cancer. These studies have shown that prostate cancer genome displays a relatively low mutation rate compared with other cancers and few chromosomal loss or gains. The ensemble of these molecular studies has led to suggest the existence of two main molecular groups of prostate cancers: one characterized by the presence of ERG rearrangements (~50% of prostate cancers harbor recurrent gene fusions involving ETS transcription factors, fusing the 5' untranslated region of the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 to nearly the coding sequence of the ETS family transcription factor ERG) and features of chemoplexy (complex gene rearrangements developing from a coordinated and simultaneous molecular event), and a second one characterized by the absence of ERG rearrangements and by the frequent mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase adapter SPOP and/or deletion of CDH1, a chromatin remodeling factor, and interchromosomal rearrangements and SPOP mutations are early events during prostate cancer development. During disease progression, genomic and epigenomic abnormalities accrued and converged on prostate cancer pathways, leading to a highly heterogeneous transcriptomic landscape, characterized by a hyperactive androgen receptor signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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29
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Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells play central roles in processes of organogenesis and tissue maintenance, whereas cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to drive tumor malignancy. Here, we review recent progress in the identification and analysis of normal prostate stem/progenitor cells as well as putative CSCs in both genetically engineered mouse models as well as in human tissue. We also discuss studies that have investigated the cell type of origin for prostate cancer. In addition, we provide a critical assessment of methodologies used in stem cell analyses and outline directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia J Li
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
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30
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Civenni G, Albino D, Shinde D, Vázquez R, Merulla J, Kokanovic A, Mapelli SN, Carbone GM, Catapano CV. Transcriptional Reprogramming and Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Targeting Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:385. [PMID: 31143708 PMCID: PMC6521702 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and the second cause of cancer-related deaths in western countries. Despite the progress in the treatment of localized prostate cancer, there is still lack of effective therapies for the advanced forms of the disease. Most patients with advanced prostate cancer become resistant to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which remains the main therapeutic option in this setting, and progress to lethal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Current therapies for prostate cancer preferentially target proliferating, partially differentiated, and AR-dependent cancer cells that constitute the bulk of the tumor mass. However, the subpopulation of tumor-initiating or tumor-propagating stem-like cancer cells is virtually resistant to the standard treatments causing tumor relapse at the primary or metastatic sites. Understanding the pathways controlling the establishment, expansion and maintenance of the cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation is an important step toward the development of more effective treatment for prostate cancer, which might enable ablation or exhaustion of CSCs and prevent treatment resistance and disease recurrence. In this review, we focus on the impact of transcriptional regulators on phenotypic reprogramming of prostate CSCs and provide examples supporting the possibility of inhibiting maintenance and expansion of the CSC pool in human prostate cancer along with the currently available methodological approaches. Transcription factors are key elements for instructing specific transcriptional programs and inducing CSC-associated phenotypic changes implicated in disease progression and treatment resistance. Recent studies have shown that interfering with these processes causes exhaustion of CSCs with loss of self-renewal and tumorigenic capability in prostate cancer models. Targeting key transcriptional regulators in prostate CSCs is a valid therapeutic strategy waiting to be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlo V. Catapano
- Institute of Oncology (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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31
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Park SH, Jo MJ, Kim BR, Jeong YA, Na YJ, Kim JL, Jeong S, Yun HK, Kim DY, Kim BG, Kang SH, Oh SC, Lee DH. Sonic hedgehog pathway activation is associated with cetuximab resistance and EPHB3 receptor induction in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2235-2251. [PMID: 31149041 PMCID: PMC6531304 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major problem of colorectal cancer (CRC) targeted therapies is relapse caused by drug resistance. In most cases of CRC, patients develop resistance to anticancer drugs. Cetuximab does not show many of the side effects of other anticancer drugs and improves the survival of patients with metastatic CRC. However, the molecular mechanism of cetuximab resistance is not fully understood. Methods: EPHB3-mediated cetuximab resistance was confirmed by in vitro western blotting, colony-forming assays, WST-1 colorimetric assay, and in vivo xenograft models (n = 7 per group). RNA-seq analysis and receptor tyrosine kinase assays were performed to identify the cetuximab resistance mechanism of EPHB3. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The expression of EFNB3, which upregulates the EPHB3 receptor, was shown to be increased via microarray analysis. When resistance to cetuximab was acquired, EPHB3 protein levels increased. Hedgehog signaling, cancer stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling proteins were also increased in the cetuximab-resistant human colon cancer cell line SW48R. Despite cells acquiring resistance to cetuximab, STAT3 was still responsive to EGF and cetuximab treatment. Moreover, inhibition of EPHB3 was associated with decreased STAT3 activity. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that EGFR and EPHB3 bind to each other and this binding increases upon resistance acquisition, suggesting that STAT3 is activated by the binding between EGFR and EPHB3. Protein levels of GLI-1, SOX2, and Vimentin, which are affected by STAT3, also increased. Similar results were obtained in samples from patients with CRC. Conclusion: EPHB3 expression is associated with anticancer drug resistance.
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32
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Cheng C, Ji Z, Sheng Y, Wang J, Sun Y, Zhao H, Li X, Wang X, He Y, Yao J, Wang L, Zhang C, Guo Y, Zhang J, Gao WQ, Zhu HH. Aphthous ulcer drug inhibits prostate tumor metastasis by targeting IKKɛ/TBK1/NF-κB signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:4633-4648. [PMID: 30279728 PMCID: PMC6160770 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the major cause of death for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, the treatment options for metastatic PCa are very limited. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been reported to be an indispensable step for tumor metastasis and is suggested to associate with acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC) attributes. We propose that small-molecule compounds that can reverse EMT or induce mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) of PCa cells may serve as drug candidates for anti-metastasis therapy. Methods: The promoters of CDH1 and VIM genes were sub-cloned to drive the expression of firefly and renilla luciferase reporter in a lentiviral vector. Mesenchymal-like PCa cells were infected with the luciferase reporter lentivirus and subjected to drug screening from a 1274 approved small-molecule drug library for the identification of agents to reverse EMT. The dosage-dependent effect of candidate compounds was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay and immunoblotting. Wound-healing assay, sphere formation, transwell migration assay, and in vivo intracardiac and orthotopic tumor xenograft experiments were used to evaluate the mobility, metastasis and tumor initiating capacity of PCa cells upon treatment. Possible downstream signaling pathways affected by the candidate compound treatment were analyzed by RNA sequencing and immunoblotting. Results: Drug screening identified Amlexanox, a drug used for recurrent aphthous ulcers, as a strong agent to reverse EMT. Amlexanox induced significant suppression of cell mobility, invasion, serial sphere formation and in vivo metastasis and tumor initiating capacity of PCa cells. Amlexanox treatment led to downregulation of the IKK-ɛ/ TBK1/ NF-κB signaling pathway. The effect of Amlexanox on EMT reversion and cell mobility inhibition can be mimicked by other IKK-ɛ/TBK1 inhibitors and rescued by reconstitution of dominant active NF-κB. Conclusions: Amlexanox can sufficiently suppress PCa metastasis by reversing EMT through downregulating the IKK-ɛ/TBK1/NF-κB signaling axis.
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Li H, Li F. Exosomes from BM-MSCs increase the population of CSCs via transfer of miR-142-3p. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:744-755. [PMID: 30220706 PMCID: PMC6173771 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are progenitor cells shown to migrate to the tumour and participate in the tumour microenvironment. BM-MSCs play important roles in tumour processes through the release of cytokines or exosomes; however, how BM-MSCs influence the stemness of CSCs in colon cancer cells remains poorly understood. METHODS We isolated exosomes from BM-MSCs and used these exosomes to treat colon cancer cells (HCT-116, HT-29 and SW-480). We compared stemness traits of colon CSCs by cell surface marker (CD133 and Lgr5) and functional assays, such as chemoresistance, colony formation, cell adhesion, invasion and tumour-formation assay. We performed a microRNA array to investigate the differences in exosomal microRNA expression between colon cancer cells, BM-MSCs and co-cultured cells and performed functional and molecular analysis of the gene targets. RESULTS In this study, we found that BM-MSC-derived exosomes contained distinct microRNAs, including miR-142-3p, which in turn increased the population of CSCs in colon cancer cells. Depriving miR-142-3p from BM-MSC-derived exosomes clearly decreased the population of colon CSCs. Mechanistically, Numb was found to be the target gene of miR-142-3p, and miR-142-3p promoted the Notch signalling pathway by downregulating Numb. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that BM-MSC-derived exosomes promote colon cancer stem cell-like traits via miR-142-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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34
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Huang H, Wang C, Liu F, Li HZ, Peng G, Gao X, Dong KQ, Wang HR, Kong DP, Qu M, Dai LH, Wang KJ, Zhou Z, Yang J, Yang ZY, Cheng YQ, Tian QQ, Liu D, Xu CL, Xu DF, Cui XG, Sun YH. Reciprocal Network between Cancer Stem-Like Cells and Macrophages Facilitates the Progression and Androgen Deprivation Therapy Resistance of Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4612-4626. [PMID: 29691294 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) contribute to the progression and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) resistance of prostate cancer. As CSCs depend on their specific niche, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), elucidating the network between CSCs and TAMs may help to effectively inhibit the progression and ADT resistance of prostate cancer.Experimental Design: The underlying intracellular mechanism that sustains the stem-like characteristics of CSCs in prostate cancer was assessed via RNA sequencing, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and other assays. A coculture system and cytokine antibody arrays were used to examine the interaction network between CSCs and TAMs. In addition, an orthotopic prostate cancer model was established to evaluate the in vivo effects of the combined targeting of CSCs and their interaction with TAMs on ADT resistance.Results: Autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) facilitated the transcription of OCT4 via β-catenin, which binds to the OCT4 promoter, promoting CSC characteristics in prostate cancer, including self-renewal, tumor initiation, and drug resistance. In addition, CSCs remodeled their specific niche by educating monocytes/macrophages toward TAMs, and the CSC-educated TAMs reciprocally promoted the stem-like properties of CSCs, progression and ADT resistance of prostate cancer via IL6/STAT3. Furthermore, the combined targeting of CSCs and their interaction with TAMs by inhibiting ATG7/OCT4 and IL6 receptor effectively ameliorated ADT resistance in an orthotopic prostate cancer model.Conclusions: Targeting CSCs and their niche may prove to be a more powerful strategy than targeting CSCs alone, providing a rational approach to ameliorating ADT resistance in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4612-26. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Li
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Qin Dong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Ru Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Pei Kong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-He Dai
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Jian Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Yu Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Cheng
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-Qin Tian
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Liang Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Feng Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Gang Cui
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University (Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital), Shanghai, China.
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Hao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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35
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Du Z, Li L, Sun W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Yuan M, Quan Z, Liu N, Hao Y, Li T, Wang J, Luo C, Wu X. HepaCAM inhibits the malignant behavior of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells by downregulating Notch signaling and PF-3084014 (a γ-secretase inhibitor) partly reverses the resistance of refractory prostate cancer to docetaxel and enzalutamide in vitro. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:99-112. [PMID: 29658567 PMCID: PMC5958706 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to be a major challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). The expression of hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HepaCAM), a novel tumor suppressor, is frequently downregulated or lost in PCa. Overactivated Notch signaling is involved in the development and progression of PCa, including CRPC. In this study, we found that the activities of Notch signaling were elevated, while HepaCAM expression was decreased in CRPC tissues compared with matched primary prostate cancer (PPC) tissues. In addition, HepaCAM negativity was found to be associated with a worse progression-free survival (PFS). Furthermore, the overexpression of HepaCAM induced by transfection with a HepaCAM overexpression vector (Ad-HepaCAM) exerted antitumor effects by decreasing the proliferation, and suppressing the invasion and migration of bicalutamide-resistant (Bica-R) cells and enzalutamide-resistant (Enza-R) cells. Importantly, we found that the antitumor effects of HepaCAM on the resistant cells were associated with the downregulation of Notch signaling. Moreover, we revealed that PF-3084014 (a γ-secretase inhibitor) re-sensitized Enza-R cells to enzalutamide, and sequential dual-resistant (E+D-R) cells to docetaxel. Additionally, the findings of this study demonstrated that the use of PF-3084014 alone exerted potent antitumor effect on the resistant cells in vitro. On the whole, this study indicates that HepaCAM potentially represents a therapeutic target and PF-3084014 may prove to a promising agent for use in the treatment of refractory PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Luo Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mengjuan Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yanni Hao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Intravenous and oral practolol in the acute stages of myocardial infarction. Cells 1978; 8:cells8020098. [PMID: 30699938 PMCID: PMC6407099 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of routine administration of the beta adrenoceptor blocking drug practolol on the outcome of acute myocardial infarction has been studied in 94 patients. The study was restricted to patients under the age of 70 experiencing their first myocardial infarction and in whom there was no contraindication to beta blockade. In the treated group an initial dose intravenous practolol 15 mg was followed by five oral doses of practolol 200 mg at 12 h intervals. A significant reduction in heart rate and systolic blood pressure was apparent in the treated group within 2 h. No difference was detectable in the course of the acute stage of the illness between treated and control patients, apart from a significant reduction in the incidence of atrial fibrillation among those receiving practolol. Patients with inferior infarctions showed a tendency to develop potentially harmful bradycardia and hypotension on receiving practolol which lead to withdrawal of the drug in many cases. At regular review over 7 mth no detectable difference emerged between the treated and control groups in the incidence of cardiac failure, death or reinfarction.
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