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Metser U, Kohan A, O’Brien C, Wong RKS, Ortega C, Veit-Haibach P, Driscoll B, Yeung I, Farag A. 18F-Fluoroazomycin Arabinoside (FAZA) PET/MR as a Biomarker of Hypoxia in Rectal Cancer: A Pilot Study. Tomography 2024; 10:1354-1364. [PMID: 39330748 PMCID: PMC11435673 DOI: 10.3390/tomography10090102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor in many tumors and is predictive of metastatic spread and poor responsiveness to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Purpose: To assess the feasibility of using 18F-Fluoroazomycin arabinoside (FAZA) PET/MR to image tumor hypoxia in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) prior to and following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). The secondary objective was to compare different reference tissues and thresholds for tumor hypoxia quantification. Patients and Methods: Eight patients with histologically proven LARC were included. All patients underwent 18F-FAZA PET/MR prior to initiation of nCRT, four of whom also had a second scan following completion of nCRT and prior to surgery. Tumors were segmented using T2-weighted MR. Each voxel within the segmented tumor was defined as hypoxic or oxic using thresholds derived from various references: ×1.0 or ×1.2 SUVmean of blood pool [BP] or left ventricle [LV] and SUVmean +3SD for gluteus maximus. Correlation coefficient (CoC) between HF and tumor SUVmax/reference SUVmean TRR for the various thresholds was calculated. Hypoxic fraction (HF), defined as the % hypoxic voxels within the tumor volume was calculated for each reference/threshold. Results: For all cases, baseline and follow-up, the CoCs for gluteus maximus and for BP and LV (×1.0) were 0.241, 0.344, and 0.499, respectively, and HFs were (median; range) 16.6% (2.4-33.8), 36.8% (0.3-72.9), and 30.7% (0.8-55.5), respectively. For a threshold of ×1.2, the CoCs for BP and LV as references were 0.611 and 0.838, respectively, and HFs were (median; range) 10.4% (0-47.6), and 4.3% (0-20.1%), respectively. The change in HF following nCRT ranged from (-18.9%) to (+54%). Conclusions: Imaging of hypoxia in LARC with 18F-FAZA PET/MR is feasible. Blood pool as measured in the LV appears to be the most reliable reference for calculating the HF. There is a wide range of HF and variable change in HF before and after nCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ur Metser
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada (C.O.); (P.V.-H.); (A.F.)
| | - Andres Kohan
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada (C.O.); (P.V.-H.); (A.F.)
| | - Catherine O’Brien
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Rebecca K. S. Wong
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Claudia Ortega
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada (C.O.); (P.V.-H.); (A.F.)
| | - Patrick Veit-Haibach
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada (C.O.); (P.V.-H.); (A.F.)
| | - Brandon Driscoll
- Quantitative Imaging for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Ivan Yeung
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Adam Farag
- University Medical Imaging Toronto, University Health Network, Sinai Health Systems, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada (C.O.); (P.V.-H.); (A.F.)
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2
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Fok M, Hill R, Fowler H, Clifford R, Kler A, Uzzi-Daniel J, Rocha S, Grundy G, Parsons J, Vimalachandran D. Enhancing radiotherapy outcomes in rectal cancer: A systematic review of targeting hypoxia-induced radioresistance. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 44:100695. [PMID: 37961749 PMCID: PMC10637894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is successfully used in rectal cancer to improve overall survival. However, treatment response is both unpredictable and variable. There is strong evidence to show that the phenomenon of tumour hypoxia is associated with radioresistance, however the mechanism(s) behind this are poorly understood. Consequently, there have only been a small number of studies evaluating methods targeting hypoxia-induced radioresistance. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the potential effectiveness of targeting hypoxia-induced radioresistance in rectal cancer and provide recommendations for future research in this area. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. This study was registered on the Prospero database (CRD42023441983). Results Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies identified were in vitro or in vivo studies, there were no clinical trials. Of the 8 studies identified, 5 assessed the efficacy of drugs which directly or indirectly targeted hypoxia and three that identified potential targets. There was conflicting in vivo evidence for the use of metformin to overcome hypoxia induced radioresistance. Vorinostat, atovaquone, and evofosfamide showed promising preclinical evidence that they can overcome hypoxia-induced radioresistance. Discussion The importance of investigating hypoxia-induced radioresistance in rectal cancer is crucial. However, to date, only a small number of preclinical studies exist evaluating this phenomenon. This systematic review highlights the importance of further research to fully understand the mechanism behind this radioresistance. There are promising targets identified in this systematic review however, substantially more pre-clinical and clinical research as a priority for future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fok
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhianna Hill
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Hayley Fowler
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachael Clifford
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Aaron Kler
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Jayanma Uzzi-Daniel
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Gabrielle Grundy
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Jason Parsons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Dale Vimalachandran
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK
- Countess of Chester Hospital, Colorectal Surgery Department, Chester, UK
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Li Y, Wu B, Hossain MJ, Quagliata L, O'Meara C, Wilkins MR, Corley S, Khachigian LM. Flubendazole inhibits PD-1 and suppresses melanoma growth in immunocompetent mice. J Transl Med 2023; 21:467. [PMID: 37452307 PMCID: PMC10349441 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the clinical management of a diverse range of cancer types, including advanced cutaneous melanoma. While immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 system has become standard of care, overall response rates remain unsatisfactory for most patients and there are no approved small molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 system. Flubendazole (FLU) is an anthelmintic that has been used to treat worm infections in humans and animals for decades. METHODS Here we tested the anti-cancer activity of systemically delivered FLU with suppression of PD-1 in immunocompetent mice. RESULTS In C57BL/6J mice bearing subcutaneous B16F10 melanoma, FLU reduced both tumor growth and PD-1 protein levels without affecting levels of PD-L1. FLU's suppression of PD-1 was accompanied by increased CD3+ T cell infiltration. Western blotting with extracts from human Jurkat T cells showed that FLU inhibited PD-1 protein expression, findings confirmed by flow cytometry. To gain mechanistic insights on FLU's ability to suppress PD-1 protein levels, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on extracts of Jurkat T cells exposed to the benzimidazole for 4 h. From a pool of 14,475 genes there were 1218 differentially-expressed genes; 687 with increased expression and 531 with decreased expression. Among the genes induced by FLU was the AP-1 family member, JUN and surprisingly, pdcd1. KEGG pathway analysis showed FLU up-regulated genes over-represented in multiple pathways (p < 0.01), the top hit being amoebiasis. FLU also affected the expression of genes in cancer-associated pathways, both through down-regulation and up-regulation. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a large number of immunological signature gene sets correlated with FLU treatment, including gene sets associated with T cell differentiation, proliferation and function. The AP-1 inhibitor T5224 rescued PD-1 protein expression from inhibition by FLU. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show that FLU can inhibit melanoma growth with PD-1 suppression in immunocompetent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Wu
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Md Jakir Hossain
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lily Quagliata
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Connor O'Meara
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- Systems Biology Initiative, Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Corley
- Systems Biology Initiative, Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Fletcher T, Thompson AJ, Ashrafian H, Darzi A. The measurement and modification of hypoxia in colorectal cancer: overlooked but not forgotten. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac042. [PMID: 36032656 PMCID: PMC9406947 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia is the inevitable consequence of a tumour's rapid growth and disorganized, inefficient vasculature. The compensatory mechanisms employed by tumours, and indeed the absence of oxygen itself, hinder the ability of all treatment modalities. The clinical consequence is poorer overall survival, disease-free survival, and locoregional control. Recognizing this, clinicians have been attenuating the effect of hypoxia, primarily with hypoxic modification or with hypoxia-activated pro-drugs, and notable success has been demonstrated. However, in the case of colorectal cancer (CRC), there is a general paucity of knowledge and evidence surrounding the measurement and modification of hypoxia, and this is possibly due to the comparative inaccessibility of such tumours. We specifically review the role of hypoxia in CRC and focus on the current evidence for the existence of hypoxia in CRC, the majority of which originates from indirect positron emission topography imaging with hypoxia selective radiotracers; the evidence correlating CRC hypoxia with poorer oncological outcome, which is largely based on the measurement of hypoxia inducible factor in correlation with clinical outcome; the evidence of hypoxic modification in CRC, of which no direct evidence exists, but is reflected in a number of indirect markers; the prognostic and monitoring implications of accurate CRC hypoxia quantification and its potential in the field of precision oncology; and the present and future imaging tools and technologies being developed for the measurement of CRC hypoxia, including the use of blood-oxygen-level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Fletcher
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Wing, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alex J Thompson
- The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hutan Ashrafian
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Wing, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ara Darzi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Wing, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
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5
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Chen X, Niu W, Fan X, Yang H, Zhao C, Fan J, Yao X, Fang Z. Oct4A palmitoylation modulates tumorigenicity and stemness in human glioblastoma cells. Neuro Oncol 2022; 25:82-96. [PMID: 35727735 PMCID: PMC9825352 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme and other solid malignancies are heterogeneous, containing subpopulations of tumor cells that exhibit stem characteristics. Oct4, also known as POU5F1, is a key transcription factor in the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. Although it has been detected in advanced gliomas, the biological function of Oct4, and transcriptional machinery maintained by the stemness of Oct4 protein-mediated glioma stem cells (GSC), has not been fully determined. METHODS The expression of Oct4 variants was evaluated in brain cancer cell lines, and in brain tumor tissues, by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. The palmitoylation level of Oct4A was determined by the acyl-biotin exchange method, and the effects of palmitoylation Oct4A on GSCs were investigated by a series of in vitro (neuro-sphere formation assay, double immunofluorescence, pharmacological treatment, luciferase assay, and coimmunoprecipitation) and in vivo (xenograft model) experiments. RESULTS Here, we report that all three variants of Oct4 are expressed in different types of cerebral cancer, while Oct4A is important for maintaining tumorigenicity in GSCs. Palmitoylation mediated by ZDHHC17 was indispensable for preserving Oct4A from lysosome degradation to maintain its protein stability. Oct4A palmitoylation also helped to integrate Sox4 and Oct4A in the SOX2 enhancement subregion to maintain the stem performance of GSCs. We also designed Oct4A palmitoylation competitive inhibitors, inhibiting the self-renewal ability and tumorigenicity of GSCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Oct4A acts on the tumorigenic activity of glioblastoma, and Oct4A palmitoylation is a candidate therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Chen
- Corresponding Authors: Xueran Chen, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China (); Xuebiao Yao, PhD, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No.96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China (); Zhiyou Fang, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China ()
| | - Wanxiang Niu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chenggang Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junqi Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Corresponding Authors: Xueran Chen, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China (); Xuebiao Yao, PhD, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No.96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China (); Zhiyou Fang, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China ()
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Corresponding Authors: Xueran Chen, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China (); Xuebiao Yao, PhD, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No.96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China (); Zhiyou Fang, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China ()
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6
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Functionalized Nitroimidazole Scaffold Construction and Their Pharmaceutical Applications: A 1950–2021 Comprehensive Overview. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050561. [PMID: 35631389 PMCID: PMC9144801 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroimidazole represents one of the most essential and unique scaffolds in drug discovery since its discovery in the 1950s. It was K. Maeda in Japan who reported in 1953 the first nitroimidazole as a natural product from Nocardia mesenterica with antibacterial activity, which was later identified as Azomycin 1 (2-nitroimidazole) and remained in focus until now. This natural antibiotic was the starting point for synthesizing numerous analogs and regio-isomers, leading to several life-saving drugs and clinical candidates against a number of diseases, including infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic) and cancers, as well as imaging agents in medicine/diagnosis. In the present decade, the nitroimidazole scaffold has again been given two life-saving drugs (Delamanid and Pretomanid) used to treat MDR (multi-drug resistant) tuberculosis. Keeping in view the highly successful track-record of the nitroimidazole scaffold in providing breakthrough therapeutic drugs, this comprehensive review focuses explicitly on presenting the activity profile and synthetic chemistry of functionalized nitroimidazole (2-, 4- and 5-nitroimidazoles as well as the fused nitroimidazoles) based drugs and leads published from 1950 to 2021. The present review also presents the miscellaneous examples in each class. In addition, the mutagenic profile of nitroimidazole-based drugs and leads and derivatives is also discussed.
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7
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Seo J, Yun JE, Kim SJ, Chun YS. Lipid metabolic reprogramming by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:591-601. [PMID: 35348849 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire metabolic processes to adapt to the nutrient- and oxygen-deprived tumour microenvironment, thereby promoting their proliferation and metastasis. Previous research has shown that modifying glucose metabolism, the Warburg effect, makes glycolytic cancer cells more invasive and aggressive. Lipid metabolism has also been receiving attention because lipids function as energy sources and signalling molecules. Because obesity is a risk factor for various cancer types, targeting lipid metabolism may be a promising cancer therapy. Here, we review the lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 is the master transcription factor for tumour growth and metastasis by transactivating genes related to proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metabolism. The glucose metabolic shift (the Warburg effect) is mediated by HIF-1. Recent research on HIF-1-related lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer has confirmed that HIF-1 also modifies lipid accumulation, β-oxidation, and lipolysis in cancer, triggering its progression. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolic alterations by HIF-1 has therapeutic potential for cancer. We summarize the role of the lipid metabolic shift mediated by HIF-1 in cancer and its putative applications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.,Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, 213-0012, Japan
| | - Jeong-Eun Yun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yang-Sook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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8
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Ortmann J, Rampášek L, Tai E, Mer AS, Shi R, Stewart EL, Mascaux C, Fares A, Pham NA, Beri G, Eeles C, Tkachuk D, Ho C, Sakashita S, Weiss J, Jiang X, Liu G, Cescon DW, O'Brien CA, Guo S, Tsao MS, Haibe-Kains B, Goldenberg A. Assessing therapy response in patient-derived xenografts. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabf4969. [PMID: 34788078 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Janosch Ortmann
- Département AOTI, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X3X2, Canada.,Group for Research in Decision Analysis (GERAD), Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Ladislav Rampášek
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S2E4, Canada.,Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada.,Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Elijah Tai
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S2E4, Canada
| | - Arvind Singh Mer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Ruoshi Shi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Erin L Stewart
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Celine Mascaux
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.,Pulmonology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France.,Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of the Stress Response and Pathologies, INSERM U1113, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Fares
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Nhu-An Pham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Gangesh Beri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Christopher Eeles
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Denis Tkachuk
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Chantal Ho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Jessica Weiss
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- Crown Bioscience Taicang Inc., No.6 Beijing West Road, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, P. R. China
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Catherine A O'Brien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
| | - Sheng Guo
- Crown Bioscience Taicang Inc., No.6 Beijing West Road, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S2E4, Canada.,Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S2E4, Canada.,Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada.,Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada.,CIFAR, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
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9
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Rainho MDA, Mencalha AL, Thole AA. Hypoxia effects on cancer stem cell phenotype in colorectal cancer: a mini-review. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7527-7535. [PMID: 34637098 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked third most incident and second most deadly around the world, and even though treatments significantly developed over the years, overall survival remains low. This scenario has the contribution of cancer stem cells (CSC), a subpopulation of the heterogeneous tumor bulk, considered to be responsible for the tumor maintenance, conventional therapies resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. In this regard, hypoxia appears as an important component of tumor microenvironment and CSC niche, being associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, it is vital the study of hypoxia influence on CSC phenotype in CRC. The aim of this mini-review article is to present a brief overview on this field. Recent articles discoursed about CSC molecular regulation, signalling pathways, methods for the study of the topic, as well as molecules and drugs capacity of inhibiting the interplay of hypoxia-CSC. Finally, the studies demonstrated important results, extensively accessing the topics of cellular and molecular regulation and therapeutic intervention, being morphology an area to be more explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Almeida Rainho
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- LABICAN - Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biometry and Biophysics Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Alves Thole
- LPCT - Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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10
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Schneider MA, Linecker M, Fritsch R, Muehlematter UJ, Stocker D, Pestalozzi B, Samaras P, Jetter A, Kron P, Petrowsky H, Nicolau C, Lehn JM, Humar B, Graf R, Clavien PA, Limani P. Phase Ib dose-escalation study of the hypoxia-modifier Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate in patients with hepatopancreatobiliary tumors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3807. [PMID: 34155211 PMCID: PMC8217170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is prominent in solid tumors and a recognized driver of malignancy. Thus far, targeting tumor hypoxia has remained unsuccessful. Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP) is a re-oxygenating compound without apparent toxicity. In preclinical models, ITPP potentiates the efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy through vascular normalization. Here, we report the results of an unrandomized, open-labeled, 3 + 3 dose-escalation phase Ib study (NCT02528526) including 28 patients with advanced primary hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies and liver metastases of colorectal cancer receiving nine 8h-infusions of ITPP over three weeks across eight dose levels (1'866-14'500 mg/m2/dose), followed by standard chemotherapy. Primary objectives are assessment of the safety and tolerability and establishment of the maximum tolerated dose, while secondary objectives include assessment of pharmacokinetics, antitumor activity via radiological evaluation and assessment of circulatory tumor-specific and angiogenic markers. The maximum tolerated dose is 12,390 mg/m2, and ITPP treatment results in 32 treatment-related toxicities (mostly hypercalcemia) that require little or no intervention. 52% of patients have morphological disease stabilization under ITPP monotherapy. Following subsequent chemotherapy, 10% show partial responses while 60% have stable disease. Decreases in angiogenic markers are noted in ∼60% of patients after ITPP and tend to correlate with responses and survival after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Schneider
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Linecker
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Fritsch
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs J Muehlematter
- Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Stocker
- Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Pestalozzi
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Panagiotis Samaras
- Oncology Center, Hirslanden Hospital Zurich, Witellikerstrasse 40, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Jetter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kron
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Petrowsky
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude Nicolau
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bostjan Humar
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Perparim Limani
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Surgery & Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Li Y, Zhao L, Li XF. The Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug TH-302: Exploiting Hypoxia in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:636892. [PMID: 33953675 PMCID: PMC8091515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.636892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important feature of most solid tumors, conferring resistance to radiation and many forms of chemotherapy. However, it is possible to exploit the presence of tumor hypoxia with hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs), agents that in low oxygen conditions undergo bioreduction to yield cytotoxic metabolites. Although many such agents have been developed, we will focus here on TH-302. TH-302 has been extensively studied, and we discuss its mechanism of action, as well as its efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies, with the aim of identifying future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Jardim-Perassi BV, Mu W, Huang S, Tomaszewski MR, Poleszczuk J, Abdalah MA, Budzevich MM, Dominguez-Viqueira W, Reed DR, Bui MM, Johnson JO, Martinez GV, Gillies RJ. Deep-learning and MR images to target hypoxic habitats with evofosfamide in preclinical models of sarcoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:5313-5329. [PMID: 33859749 PMCID: PMC8039958 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hypoxic regions (habitats) within tumors are heterogeneously distributed and can be widely variant. Hypoxic habitats are generally pan-therapy resistant. For this reason, hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) have been developed to target these resistant volumes. The HAP evofosfamide (TH-302) has shown promise in preclinical and early clinical trials of sarcoma. However, in a phase III clinical trial of non-resectable soft tissue sarcomas, TH-302 did not improve survival in combination with doxorubicin (Dox), possibly due to a lack of patient stratification based on hypoxic status. Therefore, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify hypoxic habitats and non-invasively follow therapies response in sarcoma mouse models. Methods: We developed deep-learning (DL) models to identify hypoxia, using multiparametric MRI and co-registered histology, and monitored response to TH-302 in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of rhabdomyosarcoma and a syngeneic model of fibrosarcoma (radiation-induced fibrosarcoma, RIF-1). Results: A DL convolutional neural network showed strong correlations (>0.76) between the true hypoxia fraction in histology and the predicted hypoxia fraction in multiparametric MRI. TH-302 monotherapy or in combination with Dox delayed tumor growth and increased survival in the hypoxic PDX model (p<0.05), but not in the RIF-1 model, which had a lower volume of hypoxic habitats. Control studies showed that RIF-1 resistance was due to hypoxia and not other causes. Notably, PDX tumors developed resistance to TH-302 under prolonged treatment that was not due to a reduction in hypoxic volumes. Conclusion: Artificial intelligence analysis of pre-therapy MR images can predict hypoxia and subsequent response to HAPs. This approach can be used to monitor therapy response and adapt schedules to forestall the emergence of resistance.
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13
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Harper K, Yatsyna A, Charbonneau M, Brochu-Gaudreau K, Perreault A, Jeldres C, McDonald PP, Dubois CM. The Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane Tumor Assay as a Relevant In Vivo Model to Study the Impact of Hypoxia on Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051093. [PMID: 33806378 PMCID: PMC7961795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor known to be closely associated with tumor progression and metastasis. However, existing animal models with the ability to recreate the tumor hypoxic microenvironment have disadvantages that limit our ability to understand and target this pathological condition. The chicken ChorioAllantoic Membrane (CAM) assay is increasingly used as a rapid cost-effective drug-testing model that recapitulates many aspects of human cancers. Whether this model recreates the hypoxic environment of tumors remains understudied. Here, we demonstrate that the CAM model effectively supports the development of hypoxic zones in a variety of tumor types. Treatment of tumors with angiogenesis inhibitors or inducers significantly modulated the formation of hypoxic zones as well as tumor progression and metastasis. Our findings suggest that the CAM-based tumor model is a relevant in vivo platform to further understand the pathological responses to hypoxia and test therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting hypoxic cancers. Abstract Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment is a negative prognostic factor associated with tumor progression and metastasis, and therefore represents an attractive therapeutic target for anti-tumor therapy. To test the effectiveness of novel hypoxia-targeting drugs, appropriate preclinical models that recreate tumor hypoxia are essential. The chicken ChorioAllantoic Membrane (CAM) assay is increasingly used as a rapid cost-effective in vivo drug-testing platform that recapitulates many aspects of human cancers. However, it remains to be determined whether this model recreates the hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors. To detect hypoxia in the CAM model, the hypoxic marker pimonidazole was injected into the vasculature of tumor-bearing CAM, and hypoxia-dependent gene expression was analyzed. We observed that the CAM model effectively supports the development of hypoxic zones in a variety of human tumor cell line-derived and patient’s tumor fragment-derived xenografts. The treatment of both patient and cell line-derived CAM xenografts with modulators of angiogenesis significantly altered the formation of hypoxic zones within the xenografts. Furthermore, the changes in hypoxia translated into modulated levels of chick liver metastasis as measured by Alu-based assay. These findings demonstrate that the CAM xenograft model is a valuable in vivo platform for studying hypoxia that could facilitate the identification and testing of drugs targeting this tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Harper
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Yatsyna
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
| | - Martine Charbonneau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
| | - Karine Brochu-Gaudreau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexis Perreault
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
| | - Claudio Jeldres
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada;
| | - Patrick P. McDonald
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada;
| | - Claire M. Dubois
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; (K.H.); (A.Y.); (M.C.); (K.B.-G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Gao S, Soares F, Wang S, Wong CC, Chen H, Yang Z, Liu W, Go MYY, Ahmed M, Zeng Y, O’Brien CA, Sung JJY, He HH, Yu J. CRISPR screens identify cholesterol biosynthesis as a therapeutic target on stemness and drug resistance of colon cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:6601-6613. [PMID: 34621019 PMCID: PMC8639446 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor progression, recurrence, and drug resistance. To identify genetic vulnerabilities of colon cancer, we performed targeted CRISPR dropout screens comprising 657 Drugbank targets and 317 epigenetic regulators on two patient-derived colon CSC-enriched spheroids. Next-generation sequencing of pooled genomic DNAs isolated from surviving cells yielded therapeutic candidates. We unraveled 44 essential genes for colon CSC-enriched spheroids propagation, including key cholesterol biosynthetic genes (HMGCR, FDPS, and GGPS1). Cholesterol biosynthesis was induced in colon cancer tissues, especially CSC-enriched spheroids. The genetic and pharmacological inhibition of HMGCR/FDPS impaired self-renewal capacity and tumorigenic potential of the spheroid models in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HMGCR or FDPS depletion impaired cancer stemness characteristics by activating TGF-β signaling, which in turn downregulated expression of inhibitors of differentiation (ID) proteins, key regulators of cancer stemness. Cholesterol and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) rescued the growth inhibitory and signaling effect of HMGCR/FDPS blockade, implying a direct role of these metabolites in modulating stemness. Finally, cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors and 5-FU demonstrated antitumor synergy in colon CSC-enriched spheroids, tumor organoids, and xenografts. Taken together, our study unravels novel genetic vulnerabilities of colon CSC-enriched spheroids and suggests cholesterol biosynthesis as a potential target in conjunction with traditional chemotherapy for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Fraser Soares
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Shiyan Wang
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenjie Yang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minnie Y. Y. Go
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Musaddeque Ahmed
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Yong Zeng
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Catherine Adell O’Brien
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Joseph J. Y. Sung
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- grid.415224.40000 0001 2150 066XPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, ON Canada
| | - Jun Yu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Zaidi M, Fu F, Cojocari D, McKee TD, Wouters BG. Quantitative Visualization of Hypoxia and Proliferation Gradients Within Histological Tissue Sections. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:397. [PMID: 31867322 PMCID: PMC6906162 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of hypoxic microenvironments within solid tumors is known to contribute to radiation resistance, chemotherapy resistance, immune suppression, increased metastasis, and an overall poor prognosis. It is therefore crucial to understand the spatial and molecular mechanisms that contribute to tumor hypoxia formation to improve the efficacy of radiation treatment, develop hypoxia-directed therapies, and increase patient survival. The objective of this study is to present a number of complementary novel methods for quantifying tumor hypoxia and proliferation in multiplexed immunofluorescence images, especially in relation to the location of perfused blood vessels. A standard marker analysis strategy is to take a positive pixel count approach, in which a threshold for positive stain is used to compute a positive area fraction for hypoxia. This work is a reassessment of that approach, utilizing not only cell segmentation but also distance to nearest blood vessel in order to incorporate spatial information into the analysis. We describe a reproducible pipeline for the visualization and quantitative analysis of hypoxia using a vessel distance analysis approach. This methodological pipeline can serve to further elucidate the relationship between vessel distance and microenvironment-linked markers such as hypoxia and proliferation, can help to quantify parameters relating to oxygen consumption and hypoxic tolerance in tissues, as well as potentially serve as a hypothesis generating tool for future studies testing hypoxia-linked markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zaidi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fred Fu
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dan Cojocari
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Najafi M, Farhood B, Mortezaee K, Kharazinejad E, Majidpoor J, Ahadi R. Hypoxia in solid tumors: a key promoter of cancer stem cell (CSC) resistance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 146:19-31. [PMID: 31734836 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly tumorigenic cell types that reside within specific areas of tumor microenvironment (TME), and are endowed with self-renewal and resistance properties. Here, we aimed to discuss mechanisms involved in hypoxia-derived CSC resistance and targeting for effective cancer therapy. RESULTS Preferential localization within hypoxic niches would help CSCs develop adaptive mechanisms, mediated through the modification of responses to various stressors and, as a result, show a more aggressive behavior. CONCLUSION Hypoxia, in fact, serves as a multi-tasking strategy to nurture CSCs with this adaptive capacity, complexing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. .,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Kharazinejad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Hunter FW, Devaux JBL, Meng F, Hong CR, Khan A, Tsai P, Ketela TW, Sharma I, Kakadia PM, Marastoni S, Shalev Z, Hickey AJR, Print CG, Bohlander SK, Hart CP, Wouters BG, Wilson WR. Functional CRISPR and shRNA Screens Identify Involvement of Mitochondrial Electron Transport in the Activation of Evofosfamide. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:638-651. [PMID: 30979813 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Evofosfamide (TH-302) is a hypoxia-activated DNA-crosslinking prodrug currently in clinical development for cancer therapy. Oxygen-sensitive activation of evofosfamide depends on one-electron reduction, yet the reductases that catalyze this process in tumors are unknown. We used RNA sequencing, whole-genome CRISPR knockout, and reductase-focused short hairpin RNA screens to interrogate modifiers of evofosfamide activation in cancer cell lines. Involvement of mitochondrial electron transport in the activation of evofosfamide and the related nitroaromatic compounds EF5 and FSL-61 was investigated using 143B ρ 0 (ρ zero) cells devoid of mitochondrial DNA and biochemical assays in UT-SCC-74B cells. The potency of evofosfamide in 30 genetically diverse cancer cell lines correlated with the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial electron transfer. A whole-genome CRISPR screen in KBM-7 cells identified the DNA damage-response factors SLX4IP, C10orf90 (FATS), and SLFN11, in addition to the key regulator of mitochondrial function, YME1L1, and several complex I constituents as modifiers of evofosfamide sensitivity. A reductase-focused shRNA screen in UT-SCC-74B cells similarly identified mitochondrial respiratory chain factors. Surprisingly, 143B ρ 0 cells showed enhanced evofosfamide activation and sensitivity but had global transcriptional changes, including increased expression of nonmitochondrial flavoreductases. In UT-SCC-74B cells, evofosfamide oxidized cytochromes a, b, and c and inhibited respiration at complexes I, II, and IV without quenching reactive oxygen species production. Our results suggest that the mitochondrial electron transport chain contributes to evofosfamide activation and that predicting evofosfamide sensitivity in patients by measuring the expression of canonical bioreductive enzymes such as cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase is likely to be futile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis W Hunter
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jules B L Devaux
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fanying Meng
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cho Rong Hong
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aziza Khan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tsai
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy W Ketela
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Indumati Sharma
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Purvi M Kakadia
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefano Marastoni
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zvi Shalev
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J R Hickey
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristin G Print
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles P Hart
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (F.W.H., C.R.H., A.K., I.S., W.R.W.), Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery (F.W.H., A.J.R.H., C.G.P., W.R.W.), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (J.B.L.D., A.J.R.H.), and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (P.T., P.M.K., C.G.P., S.K.B.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Threshold Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California (F.M., C.P.H.); Princess Margaret Genomics Centre (T.W.K.) and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (S.M., Z.S., B.G.W.), University Health Network, and Departments of Radiation Oncology (B.G.W.) and Medical Biophysics (B.G.W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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How to Modulate Tumor Hypoxia for Preclinical In Vivo Imaging Research. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:4608186. [PMID: 30420794 PMCID: PMC6211155 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4608186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is related with tumor aggressiveness, chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, and thus a poor clinical outcome. Therefore, over the past decades, every effort has been made to develop strategies to battle the negative prognostic influence of tumor hypoxia. For appropriate patient selection and follow-up, noninvasive imaging biomarkers such as positron emission tomography (PET) radiolabeled ligands are unprecedentedly needed. Importantly, before being able to implement these new therapies and potential biomarkers into the clinical setting, preclinical in vivo validation in adequate animal models is indispensable. In this review, we provide an overview of the different attempts that have been made to create differential hypoxic in vivo cancer models with a particular focus on their applicability in PET imaging studies.
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