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Centeno D, Farsinejad S, Kochetkova E, Volpari T, Gladych-Macioszek A, Klupczynska-Gabryszak A, Polotaye T, Greenberg M, Kung D, Hyde E, Alshehri S, Pavlovic T, Sullivan W, Plewa S, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H, Monsma FJ, Muller PAJ, Matysiak J, Zaborowski M, DiFeo A, Norberg E, Martin LA, Iwanicki M. Modeling of Intracellular Taurine Levels Associated with Ovarian Cancer Reveals Activation of p53, ERK, mTOR and DNA-damage-sensing-dependent Cell Protection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.24.529893. [PMID: 36909636 PMCID: PMC10002676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Taurine, a non-proteogenic amino acid, and commonly used nutritional supplement can protect various tissues from degeneration associated with the action of the DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Whether and how taurine protects human ovarian cancer (OC) cells from DNA damage caused by cisplatin is not well understood. We have found that OC ascites-derived cells contained significantly more intracellular taurine than cell cultures modeling OC. In culture, elevation of intracellular taurine concentration to OC ascites-cells-associated levels suppressed proliferation of various OC cell lines and patient-derived organoids, reduced glycolysis, and induced cell protection from cisplatin. Taurine cell protection was associated with decreased DNA damage in response to cisplatin. A combination of RNA sequencing, reverse phase protein arrays, live-cell microscopy, flow cytometry, and biochemical validation experiments provided evidence for taurine-mediated induction of mutant- or wild-type p53 binding to DNA, and activation of p53 effectors involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle (p21), and glycolysis (TIGAR). Paradoxically, taurine's suppression of cell proliferation was associated with activation of pro-mitogenic signal transduction including ERK, mTOR, and increased mRNA expression of major DNA damage sensing molecules such as DNAPK, ATM and ATR. While inhibition of ERK or p53 did not interfere with taurine's ability to protect cells from cisplatin, suppression of mTOR with Torin2, a clinically relevant inhibitor that also targets DNAPK and ATM/ATR, broke taurine's cell protection. Our studies implicate that elevation of intracellular taurine could suppress cell growth, metabolism, and activate cell protective mechanisms involving mTOR and DNA damage sensing signal transduction.
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Zhao P, Meng D, Hu Z, Liang Y, Feng Y, Sun T, Cheng L, Zheng X, Li H. Intra-sample reversed pairs based on differentially ranked genes reveal biosignature for ovarian cancer. Comput Biol Med 2024; 172:108208. [PMID: 38484696 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, a major gynecological malignancy, often remains undetected until advanced stages, necessitating more effective early screening methods. Existing biomarker based on differential genes often suffers from variations in clinical practice. To overcome the limitations of absolute gene expression values including batch effects and biological heterogeneity, we introduced a pairwise biosignature leveraging intra-sample differentially ranked genes (DRGs) and machine learning for ovarian cancer detection across diverse cohorts. We analyzed ten cohorts comprising 872 samples with 796 ovarian cancer and 76 normal. Our method, DRGpair, involves three stages: intra-sample ranking differential analysis, reversed gene pair analysis, and iterative LASSO regression. We identified four DRG pairs, demonstrating superior diagnostic performance compared to current state-of-the-art biomarkers and differentially expressed genes in seven independent cohorts. This rank-based approach not only reduced computational complexity but also enhanced the specificity and effectiveness of biomarkers, revealing DRGs as promising candidates for ovarian cancer detection and offering a scalable model adaptable to varying cohort characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dian Meng
- School of Computing and Information Technology, Great Bay University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zunkai Hu
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yining Liang
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yating Feng
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tongjie Sun
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xubin Zheng
- School of Computing and Information Technology, Great Bay University, Guangdong, China; Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Guangdong, China
| | - Haili Li
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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CDC20 inhibition alleviates fibrotic response of renal tubular epithelial cells and fibroblasts by regulating nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166663. [PMID: 36764621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological phenomenon in progressive kidney disease leading to eventual loss of kidney function. Previous studies demonstrated that CDC20 plays a role in cancers by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the infiltration of fibroblasts, suggesting the potential of CDC20 in regulating fibrotic response. However, the role of CDC20 in renal fibrosis is yet unclear. Herein, we reported that renal CDC20 was remarkably upregulated in renal tubular epithelial cells and fibroblasts in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, which was in line with a positive correlation with the severity of kidney fibrosis. In mice with unilateral urinary obstruction, CDC20 was also strikingly enhanced, and treatment with Apcin, an inhibitor of CDC20, ameliorated kidney fibrosis. Consistently, the pharmacological inhibition of CDC20 in mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells and rat fibroblasts attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibrotic responses, while overexpression of CDC20 aggravated such responses. Additional studies revealed that CDC20 induces nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which in turn initiates and promotes the pathological process of fibrosis in CKD. Thus, enhanced CDC20 in renal tubular cells and fibroblasts promotes renal fibrosis by activating β-catenin, and CDC20 inhibition may serve as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Luo L, Zhang XY, Zhen YW, Guo GC, Peng DZ, Wei C, Pei DL, Yu B, Ji YC, Liu XZ, Han L, Zhang ZY. Polo-like kinase 1 is related with malignant characteristics and inhibits macrophages infiltration in glioma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058036. [PMID: 36618405 PMCID: PMC9811677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. Recently, therapies based on modulating TIM have made great breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a crucial regulatory factor of the cell cycle process and its dysregulations often cause various pathological processes including tumorigenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms surrounding the regulation of PLK1 on glioma immune microenvironment remain undefined. Methods Public databases and online datasets were used to extract data of PLK1 expression, clinical features, genetic alterations, and biological functions. The EdU, flow cytometry, and macrophage infiltration assays as well as xenograft animal experiments were performed to determine the relationship between PLK1 and glioma immune microenvironment in vivo and in vitro. Results PLK1 is always highly expressed in multiple cancers especially in glioma. Univariable and Multivariate proportional hazard Cox analysis showed that PLK1 was a prognostic biomarker for glioma. Simultaneously, highly expressed PLK1 is significantly related to prognosis, histological and genetic features in glioma by analyzing public databases. In addition, the enrichment analysis suggested that PLK1 might related to "immune response", "cell cycle", "DNA replication", and "mismatch repair" in glioma. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated that highly expressed PLK1 inhibited M1 macrophages infiltration to glioblastoma immune microenvironment by Quantiseq and Xcell databases and negatively related to some chemokines and marker genes of M1 macrophages in glioblastoma. Subsequent experiments confirmed that PLK1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells but increased the M1 macrophages infiltration and polarization. Furthermore, in glioma xenograft mouse models, we showed that inhibiting PLK1 blocked tumor proliferation and increased the M1 macrophages infiltration. Finally, PLK1 methylation analysis and lncRNA-miRNA network revealed the potential mechanism of abnormal PLK1 expression in glioma. Conclusions PLK1 inhibits M1 macrophages infiltration into glioma immune microenvironment and is a potential biomarker for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Wei Zhen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gao-Chao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Da-Zhao Peng
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Ling Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Chen Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Xian-Zhi Liu, ; Lei Han, ; Zhen-Yu Zhang,
| | - Lei Han
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Xian-Zhi Liu, ; Lei Han, ; Zhen-Yu Zhang,
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Xian-Zhi Liu, ; Lei Han, ; Zhen-Yu Zhang,
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Xi X, Cao T, Qian Y, Wang H, Ju S, Chen Y, Chen T, Yang J, Liang B, Hou S. CDC20 is a novel biomarker for improved clinical predictions in epithelial ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3303-3317. [PMID: 35968331 PMCID: PMC9360218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), a common tumor of the female reproductive system, ranks first in fatalities among gynecological malignancies. Most patients find tumors at late stage and have extremely poor prognoses, which necessitates improvements in early detection. This study applied bioinformatic methods to identify potential biomarkers of EOC. First, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The network of hub genes was analyzed using GeneMANIA, and an analysis of biological processes was constructed with BINGO. Lastly, hub genes were analyzed for EOC-related oncology using the Oncomine and TCGA databases, and the cBioPortal online platform. Overall, cell division cycle 20 (CDC20) was identified as a key gene in EOC. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to silence CDC20 to explore its effects on EOC cell proliferation, apoptosis and SRY-related HMG-box 2 (SOX2) expression. DEGs were enriched in pathways related to cell cycle signaling, cancer, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, Wnt signaling and P53 signaling. Analysis revealed high expression of CDC20 in EOC tissues and a correlation with histology and tumor grade. CDC20 levels are highest in serous adenocarcinoma, when compared to ovarian clear cell carcinoma, ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. High CDC20 expression within the tumor is associated with poor EOC prognosis. After silencing CDC20, EOC cell proliferation and migration decreased, apoptosis increased, and SOX2 expression decreased. In conclusion, CDC20 is likely a key biomarker of EOC and may act as an upstream regulator of SOX2 to mediate the SOX2 signaling in the progression of EOC. Future application of CDC20 analysis to early detection may improve prognosis, and it has the potential to be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyue Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghong Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songwen Ju
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Medica University Affiliated Suzhou HospitalSuzhou 215128, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biaoquan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunyu Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
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Affatato R, Chiappa M, Guffanti F, Ricci F, Formenti L, Fruscio R, Jaconi M, Ridinger M, Erlander M, Damia G. Onvansertib and paclitaxel combined in platinum-resistant ovarian carcinomas. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221095064. [PMID: 35665077 PMCID: PMC9160919 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221095064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian carcinoma is extremely sensitive to (platinum-based) chemotherapy; however, most patients will relapse with platinum-resistant disease, badly affecting their prognosis. Effective therapies for relapsing resistant tumors are urgently needed. Methods We used patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of ovarian carcinoma resistant to cisplatin (DDP) to test in vivo the combination of paclitaxel (15 mg/kg i.v. once a week for 3 weeks) and onvansertib, a plk1 inhibitor, (50 mg/kg orally 4 days a week for 3 weeks). The PDX models were subcutaneously (s.c.) or orthotopically transplanted in nude mice and antitumor efficacy was evaluated as tumor growth inhibition and survival advantages of the combination over untreated and single agent treatment. Results The combination of onvansertib and paclitaxel was very well tolerated with weight loss no greater than 15% in the combination group compared with the control group. In the orthotopically transplanted PDXs, single onvansertib and paclitaxel treatments prolonged survival; however, the combined treatment was much more active, with median survival from three- to six-fold times that of untreated mice. Findings were similar with the s.c. transplanted PDX, though there was greater heterogeneity in tumor response. Ex vivo tumors treated with the combination showed greater induction of γH2AX, marker of apoptosis and DNA damage, and pSer10H3, a marker of mitotic block. Conclusion The efficacy of onvansertib and paclitaxel combination in these preclinical ovarian cancer models supports the clinical translatability of this combination as an effective therapeutic approach for platinum-resistant high-grade ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Affatato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Chiappa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Guffanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Formenti
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Jaconi
- Department of Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, Milan 20157, Italy
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Meng Y, Qiu L, Zhang S, Han J. The emerging roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:365-381. [PMID: 35582023 PMCID: PMC9019267 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cancer of the ovary exhibits the highest mortality rate of all gynecological malignancies in women today, since the disease is often diagnosed in advanced stages. While the treatment of cancer with specific chemical agents or drugs is the favored treatment regimen, chemotherapy resistance greatly impedes successful ovarian cancer chemotherapy. Thus, chemoresistance becomes one of the most critical clinical issues confronted when treating patients with ovarian cancer. Convincing evidence hints that dysregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases is a key factor in the development and maintenance of ovarian cancer chemoresistance. This review outlines recent advancement in our understanding of the emerging roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. We also highlight currently available inhibitors targeting E3 ligase activities and discuss their potential for clinical applications in treating chemoresistant ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Meng
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Yang Meng and Lei Qiu equally contributed to this manuscript
| | - Lei Qiu
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Yang Meng and Lei Qiu equally contributed to this manuscript
| | - Su Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Moens S, Zhao P, Baietti MF, Marinelli O, Van Haver D, Impens F, Floris G, Marangoni E, Neven P, Annibali D, Sablina AA, Amant F. The mitotic checkpoint is a targetable vulnerability of carboplatin-resistant triple negative breast cancers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3176. [PMID: 33542435 PMCID: PMC7862668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, lacking effective therapy. Many TNBCs show remarkable response to carboplatin-based chemotherapy, but often develop resistance over time. With increasing use of carboplatin in the clinic, there is a pressing need to identify vulnerabilities of carboplatin-resistant tumors. In this study, we generated carboplatin-resistant TNBC MDA-MB-468 cell line and patient derived TNBC xenograft models. Mass spectrometry-based proteome profiling demonstrated that carboplatin resistance in TNBC is linked to drastic metabolism rewiring and upregulation of anti-oxidative response that supports cell replication by maintaining low levels of DNA damage in the presence of carboplatin. Carboplatin-resistant cells also exhibited dysregulation of the mitotic checkpoint. A kinome shRNA screen revealed that carboplatin-resistant cells are vulnerable to the depletion of the mitotic checkpoint regulators, whereas the checkpoint kinases CHEK1 and WEE1 are indispensable for the survival of carboplatin-resistant cells in the presence of carboplatin. We confirmed that pharmacological inhibition of CHEK1 by prexasertib in the presence of carboplatin is well tolerated by mice and suppresses the growth of carboplatin-resistant TNBC xenografts. Thus, abrogation of the mitotic checkpoint by CHEK1 inhibition re-sensitizes carboplatin-resistant TNBCs to carboplatin and represents a potential strategy for the treatment of carboplatin-resistant TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Moens
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peihua Zhao
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Francesca Baietti
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Delphi Van Haver
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna A Sablina
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute (AvL-NKI), University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Wang K, Hu YB, Zhao Y, Ye C. LncRNA ANRIL Regulates Ovarian Cancer Progression and Tumor Stem Cell-Like Characteristics via miR-324-5p/Ran Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:565-576. [PMID: 33500630 PMCID: PMC7826075 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s273614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ANRIL is emerging as a crucial role in ovarian cancer progression and prognosis. However, the precise molecular mechanism of ANRIL on ovarian cancer is not known. Thus, we aim to study the underlying mechanism of ANRIL on the action. Methods The MTT assay assessed cell viability. Cell migration and invasion were determined using the wound healing assay, Transwell migration, and invasion assay. The relationships of ANRIL, miR-324-5p, and RAN were evaluated using luciferase activity assay and RNA pull-down assay. Cancer stem cell was identified by flow cytometry. Sphere formation assay was conducted to determine the stem-like properties. Xenograft tumor was established to assess tumor growth in vivo. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect gene expression. Results ANRIL was elevated while miR-324-5p was decreased in ovarian cancer tissues and cells. Besides, downregulated ANRIL enhanced miR-324-5p expression, and the luciferase reporting experiment and RNA pull-down assay showed the binding interaction between ANRIL and miR-324-5p. miR-324-5p directly targeted Ran and negatively modulated the expression of Ran. Besides, Ran was promoted by overexpressed ANRIL, which was reversed by overexpression of miR-324-5p. Furthermore, decreased ANRIL and increased miR-324-5p suppressed tumor growth, migration capacity, drug resistance, and alleviated stem-like characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Ran mediated the regulation of ANRIL on cell viability, stem-like properties, and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells. Conclusion The ANRIL/miR-324-5p/Ran axis regulated ovarian cancer development, making the axis meaningful targets for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bo Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Ye
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Melloy PG. The anaphase-promoting complex: A key mitotic regulator associated with somatic mutations occurring in cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 59:189-202. [PMID: 31652364 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that helps control chromosome separation and exit from mitosis in many different kinds of organisms, including yeast, flies, worms, and humans. This review represents a new perspective on the connection between APC/C subunit mutations and cancer. The complex nature of APC/C and limited mutation analysis of its subunits has made it difficult to determine the relationship of each subunit to cancer. In this work, cancer genomic data were examined to identify APC/C subunits with a greater than 5% alteration frequency in 11 representative cancers using the cBioPortal database. Using the Genetic Determinants of Cancer Patient Survival database, APC/C subunits were also studied and found to be significantly associated with poor patient prognosis in several cases. In comparing these two kinds of cancer genomics data to published large-scale genomic analyses looking for cancer driver genes, ANAPC1 and ANAPC3/CDC27 stood out as being represented in all three types of analyses. Seven other subunits were found to be associated both with >5% alteration frequency in certain cancers and being associated with an effect on cancer patient prognosis. The aim of this review is to provide new approaches for investigators conducting in vivo studies of APC/C subunits and cancer progression. In turn, a better understanding of these APC/C subunits and their role in different cancers will help scientists design drugs that are more precisely targeted to certain cancers, using APC/C mutation status as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Melloy
- Department of Biological and Allied Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, New Jersey
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11
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Abstract
A complex network precisely regulates the cell cycle through the G1, S, G2, and M phases and is the basis for cell division under physiological and pathological conditions. On the one hand, the transition from one phase to another as well as the progression within each phase is driven by the specific cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs; e.g., CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, and CDK7), together with their exclusive partner cyclins (e.g., cyclin A1, B1, D1–3, and E1). On the other hand, these phases are negatively regulated by endogenous CDK inhibitors such as p16ink4a, p18ink4c, p19ink4d, p21cip1, and p27kip1. In addition, several checkpoints control the commitment of cells to replicate DNA and undergo mitosis, thereby avoiding the passage of genomic errors to daughter cells. CDKs are often constitutively activated in cancer, which is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cells, due to genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in the genes involved in the cell cycle. Moreover, several oncogenes and defective tumor suppressors promote malignant changes by stimulating cell cycle entry and progression or disrupting DNA damage responses, including the cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair mechanisms, and apoptosis. Thus, genes or proteins related to cell cycle regulation remain the main targets of interest in the treatment of various cancer types, including hematologic malignancies. In this context, advances in the understanding of the cell cycle regulatory machinery provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. The present article summarizes the pathways as well as their genetic and epigenetic alterations that regulate the cell cycle; moreover, it discusses the various approved or potential therapeutic targets associated with the cell cycle, focusing on hematologic malignancies.
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12
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Liu X, Chen Y, Li Y, Petersen RB, Huang K. Targeting mitosis exit: A brake for cancer cell proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:179-191. [PMID: 30611728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transition from mitosis to interphase, referred to as mitotic exit, is a critical mitotic process which involves activation and inactivation of multiple mitotic kinases and counteracting protein phosphatases. Loss of mitotic exit checkpoints is a common feature of cancer cells, leading to mitotic dysregulation and confers cancer cells with oncogenic characteristics, such as aberrant proliferation and microtubule-targeting agent (MTA) resistance. Since MTA resistance results from cancer cells prematurely exiting mitosis (mitotic slippage), blocking mitotic exit is believed to be a promising anticancer strategy. Moreover, based on this theory, simultaneous inhibition of mitotic exit and additional cell cycle phases would likely achieve synergistic antitumor effects. In this review, we divide the molecular regulators of mitotic exit into four categories based on their different regulatory functions: 1) the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C, a ubiquitin ligase), 2) cyclin B, 3) mitotic kinases and phosphatases, 4) kinesins and microtubule-binding proteins. We also review the regulators of mitotic exit and propose prospective anticancer strategies targeting mitotic exit, including their strengths and possible challenges to their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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