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Rahman R, Shi DD, Reitman ZJ, Hamerlik P, de Groot JF, Haas-Kogan DA, D'Andrea AD, Sulman EP, Tanner K, Agar NYR, Sarkaria JN, Tinkle CL, Bindra RS, Mehta MP, Wen PY. DNA damage response in brain tumors: A Society for Neuro-Oncology consensus review on mechanisms and translational efforts in neuro-oncology. Neuro Oncol 2024:noae072. [PMID: 38770568 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms are critical to maintenance of overall genomic stability, and their dysfunction can contribute to oncogenesis. Significant advances in our understanding of DDR pathways have raised the possibility of developing therapies that exploit these processes. In this expert-driven consensus review, we examine mechanisms of response to DNA damage, progress in development of DDR inhibitors in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma and IDH-mutant gliomas, and other important considerations such as biomarker development, preclinical models, combination therapies, mechanisms of resistance and clinical trial design considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifaquat Rahman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana D Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary J Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John F de Groot
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daphne A Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kirk Tanner
- National Brain Tumor Society, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher L Tinkle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Minesh P Mehta
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Priyankha S, Rajapandian V, Palanisamy K, Esther Rubavathy SM, Thilagavathi R, Selvam C, Prakash M. Identification of indole-based natural compounds as inhibitors of PARP-1 against triple-negative breast cancer: a computational study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2667-2680. [PMID: 37154583 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2208215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive kind of breast cancer known to mankind. It is a heterogeneous disease that is formed due to the missing estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) protein helps in the development of TNBC by repairing the cancer cells, which proliferate and spread metastatically. To determine the potential PARP-1 inhibitors (PARPi), 0.2 million natural products from Universal Natural Product Database were screened using molecular docking and six hit compounds were selected based on their binding affinity towards PARP-1. The bio-availability and drug-like properties of these natural products were evaluated using ADMET analysis. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted for these complexes for 200 ns to examine their structural stability and dynamic behaviour and further compared with the complex of talazoparib (TALA), an FDA-approved PARPi. Using MM/PBSA calculations, we conclude that the complexes HIT-3 and HIT-5 (-25.64 and -23.14 kcal/mol, respectively) show stronger binding energies with PARP-1 than TALA with PARP-1 (-10.74 kcal/mol). Strong interactions were observed between the compounds and hotspot residues, Asp770, Ala880, Tyr889, Tyr896, Ala898, Asp899 and Tyr907, of PARP-1 due to the existence of various types of non-covalent interactions between the compounds and PARP-1. This research offers critical information about PARPi, which could potentially be incorporated into the treatment of TNBC. Moreover, these findings were validated by comparing them with an FDA-approved PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Priyankha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varatharaj Rajapandian
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandhan Palanisamy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S M Esther Rubavathy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Thilagavathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Chelliah Selvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Muthuramalingam Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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4
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Leong VWS, Khan S, Sharma P, Wu S, Thomas RR, Li X, Singh SK, Lang FF, Yung AWK, Koul D. MGMT function determines the differential response of ATR inhibitors with DNA-damaging agents in glioma stem cells for GBM therapy. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdad165. [PMID: 38213834 PMCID: PMC10783493 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The most prevalent cancer treatments cause cell death through DNA damage. However, DNA damage response (DDR) repair pathways, initiated by tumor cells, can withstand the effects of anticancer drugs, providing justification for combining DDR inhibitors with DNA-damaging anticancer treatments. Methods Cell viability assays were performed with CellTiter-Glo assay. DNA damage was evaluated using Western blotting analysis. RNA-seq and single-cell level expression were used to identify the DDR signatures. In vivo, studies were conducted in mice to determine the effect of ATris on TMZ sensitization. Results We found a subpopulation of glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs) with substantial synergism with temozolomide (TMZ) using a panel of 3 clinical-grade ataxia-telangiectasia- and Rad3-related kinase inhibitors (ATRis), (elimusertib, berzosertib, and ceralasertib). Interestingly, most synergistic cell lines had O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, indicating that ATRi mainly benefits tumors with no MGMT repair. Further, TMZ activated the ATR-checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) axis in an MGMT-dependent way. TMZ caused ATR-dependent Chk1 phosphorylation and DNA double-strand breaks as shown by increased γH2AX. Increased DNA damage and decreased Chk1 phosphorylation were observed upon the addition of ATRis to TMZ in MGMT-methylated (MGMT-) GSCs. TMZ also improved sensitivity to ATRis in vivo, as shown by increased mouse survival with the TMZ and ATRi combination treatment. Conclusions This research provides a rationale for selectively targeting MGMT-methylated cells using ATRis and TMZ combination. Overall, we believe that MGMT methylation status in GBM could serve as a robust biomarker for patient selection for ATRi combined with TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W S Leong
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaofang Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Riya R Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alfred W K Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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5
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Ikliptikawati DK, Hirai N, Makiyama K, Sabit H, Kinoshita M, Matsumoto K, Lim K, Meguro-Horike M, Horike SI, Hazawa M, Nakada M, Wong RW. Nuclear transport surveillance of p53 by nuclear pores in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112882. [PMID: 37552992 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the central apparatus of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Disease-specific alterations of NPCs contribute to the pathogenesis of many cancers; however, the roles of NPCs in glioblastoma (GBM) are unknown. In this study, we report genomic amplification of NUP107, a component of NPCs, in GBM and show that NUP107 is overexpressed simultaneously with MDM2, a critical E3 ligase that mediates p53 degradation. Depletion of NUP107 inhibits the growth of GBM cell lines through p53 protein stabilization. Mechanistically, NPCs establish a p53 degradation platform via an export pathway coupled with 26S proteasome tethering. NUP107 is the keystone for NPC assembly; the loss of NUP107 affects the integrity of the NPC structure, and thus the proportion of 26S proteasome in the vicinity of nuclear pores significantly decreases. Together, our findings establish roles of NPCs in transport surveillance and provide insights into p53 inactivation in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Kurnia Ikliptikawati
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hirai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 1538515, Japan
| | - Kei Makiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan
| | - Hemragul Sabit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Masashi Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Koki Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan
| | - Keesiang Lim
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan
| | - Makiko Meguro-Horike
- Advanced Science Research Center, Institute for Gene Research, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Horike
- Advanced Science Research Center, Institute for Gene Research, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan.
| | - Richard W Wong
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Transdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan.
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6
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Szeliga M, Rola R. Conoidin A, a Covalent Inhibitor of Peroxiredoxin 2, Reduces Growth of Glioblastoma Cells by Triggering ROS Production. Cells 2023; 12:1934. [PMID: 37566013 PMCID: PMC10417327 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Compounds that cause oxidative stress have recently gained considerable interest as potential anticancer treatment modalities. Nevertheless, their efficiency may be diminished by the antioxidant systems often upregulated in cancer cells. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes that scavenge peroxides and contribute to redox homeostasis. They play a role in carcinogenesis and are upregulated in several cancer types. Here, we assessed the expression pattern of PRDX1 and PRDX2 in glioblastoma (GBM) and examined the efficacy of their inhibitors in GBM cell lines and patient-derived GBM cells. Both PRDX1 and PRDX2 were upregulated in GBM compared to non-tumor brain tissues and their considerable amounts were observed in GBM cells. Adenanthin, a compound inhibiting PRDX1 activity, slightly decreased GBM cell viability, while conoidin A (CONA), a covalent PRDX2 inhibitor, displayed high toxicity in GBM cells. CONA elevated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Pre-treatment with an ROS scavenger protected cells from CONA-induced death, indicating that ROS accumulation plays a crucial role in this phenomenon. Menadione or celecoxib, both of which are ROS-inducing agents, potentiated the anticancer activity of CONA. Collectively, our results unveil PRDX1 and PRDX2 as potential targets for GBM therapy, and substantiate the further exploration of their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szeliga
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Zhang X, Wang G, Gong Y, Zhao L, Song P, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ju H, Wang X, Wang B, Ren H, Zhu X, Dong Y. IGFBP3 induced by the TGF-β/EGFRvIII transactivation contributes to the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma. iScience 2023; 26:106639. [PMID: 37192967 PMCID: PMC10182331 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual or multi-targets therapy targeting epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) and other molecular may relax the constraint for glioblastoma (GBM), putting forward the urgent requirement of finding candidate molecules. Here, the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) was considered a candidate, whereas the mechanisms of IGFBP3 production remain unclear. We treated GBM cells with exogenous transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) to simulate the microenvironment. We found that TGF-β and EGFRvIII transactivation induced the activation of transcription factor c-Jun, which specifically bound to the promoter region of IGFBP3 through Smad2/3 and ERK1/2 pathways and promoted the production and secretion of IGFBP3. IGFBP3 knockdown inhibited the activation of TGF-β and EGFRvIII signals and the malignant behaviors triggered by them in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results indicated a positive feedback loop of p-EGFRvIII/IGFBP3 under administration of TGF-β, blocking IGFBP3 may be an additional target in EGFRvIII-expressing GBM-selective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Guoyan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264199, China
| | - Yujiao Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Leilei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiarun Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Huanyu Ju
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hongda Hospital, Jinxiang, Shandong 272200, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Huan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Xiao Zhu
- School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yucui Dong
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- Corresponding author
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8
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Jin N, Xia Y, Gao Q. Combined PARP inhibitors and small molecular inhibitors in solid tumor treatment (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:28. [PMID: 36601757 PMCID: PMC9851129 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of precision medicine, targeted therapy has attracted extensive attention. Poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are critical clinical drugs designed to induce cell death and are major antitumor targeted agents. However, preclinical and clinical data have revealed the limitations of PARPi monotherapy. Therefore, their combination with other targeted drugs has become a research hotspot in tumor treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of small molecular inhibitors in multiple haematological cancers and solid tumors via cellular signalling modulation, exhibiting potential as a combined pharmacotherapy. In the present review, studies focused on small molecular inhibitors targeting the homologous recombination pathway were summarized and clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of combined treatment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jin
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Qinglei Gao or Professor Yu Xia, Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Qinglei Gao or Professor Yu Xia, Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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9
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Khan S, Martinez-Ledesma E, Dong J, Mahalingam R, Park SY, Piao Y, Koul D, Balasubramaniyan V, de Groot JF, Yung WKA. Neuronal differentiation drives the antitumor activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition in glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad132. [PMID: 38130900 PMCID: PMC10734674 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification is found in nearly 40%-50% of glioblastoma cases. Several EGFR inhibitors have been tested in glioblastoma but have failed to demonstrate long-term therapeutic benefit, presumably because of acquired resistance. Targeting EGFR downstream signaling with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) inhibitors would be a more effective approach to glioblastoma treatment. We tested the therapeutic potential of MEK1/2 inhibitors in glioblastoma using 3D cultures of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and mouse models of glioblastoma. Methods Several MEK inhibitors were screened in an unbiased high-throughput platform using GSCs. Cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry and Western blotting (WB) analysis. RNA-seq, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and WB analysis were used to identify and validate neuronal differentiation. Results Unbiased screening of multiple MEK inhibitors in GSCs showed antiproliferative and apoptotic cell death in sensitive cell lines. An RNA-seq analysis of cells treated with trametinib, a potent MEK inhibitor, revealed upregulation of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation genes, such as achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), delta-like 3 (DLL3), and neurogenic differentiation 4 (NeuroD4). We validated the neuronal differentiation phenotypes in vitro and in vivo using selected differentiation markers (β-III-tubulin, ASCL1, DLL3, and NeuroD4). Oral treatment with trametinib in an orthotopic GSC xenograft model significantly improved animal survival, with 25%-30% of mice being long-term survivors. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that MEK1/2 inhibition promotes neuronal differentiation in glioblastoma, a potential additional mechanism of action of MEK1/2 inhibitors. Thus, MEK inhibitors could be efficacious in glioblastoma patients with activated EGFR/MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emmanuel Martinez-Ledesma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jianwen Dong
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rajasekaran Mahalingam
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Soon Young Park
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuji Piao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Soni A, Lin X, Mladenov E, Mladenova V, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. BMN673 Is a PARP Inhibitor with Unique Radiosensitizing Properties: Mechanisms and Potential in Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225619. [PMID: 36428712 PMCID: PMC9688666 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BMN673 is a relatively new PARP inhibitor (PARPi) that exhibits superior efficacy in vitro compared to olaparib and other clinically relevant PARPi. BMN673, similar to most clinical PARPi, inhibits the catalytic activities of PARP-1 and PARP-2 and shows impressive anticancer potential as monotherapy in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. Tumor resistance to PARPi poses a significant challenge in the clinic. Thus, combining PARPi with other treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy (RT), is being actively pursued to overcome such resistance. However, the modest to intermediate radiosensitization exerted by olaparib, rucaparib, and veliparib, limits the rationale and the scope of such combinations. The recently reported strong radiosensitizing potential of BMN673 forecasts a paradigm shift on this front. Evidence accumulates that BMN673 may radiosensitize via unique mechanisms causing profound shifts in the balance among DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. According to one of the emerging models, BMN673 strongly inhibits classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) and increases reciprocally and profoundly DSB end-resection, enhancing error-prone DSB processing that robustly potentiates cell killing. In this review, we outline and summarize the work that helped to formulate this model of BMN673 action on DSB repair, analyze the causes of radiosensitization and discuss its potential as a radiosensitizer in the clinic. Finally, we highlight strategies for combining BMN673 with other inhibitors of DNA damage response for further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Soni
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xixi Lin
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Mladenova
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-4152
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11
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Ding J, Li X, Khan S, Zhang C, Gao F, Sen S, Wasylishen AR, Zhao Y, Lozano G, Koul D, Alfred Yung WK. EGFR suppresses p53 function by promoting p53 binding to DNA-PKcs: a noncanonical regulatory axis between EGFR and wild-type p53 in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1712-1725. [PMID: 35474131 PMCID: PMC9527520 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and TP53 mutation are the two most common genetic alterations in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A comprehensive analysis of the TCGA GBM database revealed a subgroup with near mutual exclusivity of EGFR amplification and TP53 mutations indicative of a role of EGFR in regulating wild-type-p53 (wt-p53) function. The relationship between EGFR amplification and wt-p53 function remains undefined and this study describes the biological significance of this interaction in GBM. METHODS Mass spectrometry was used to identify EGFR-dependent p53-interacting proteins. The p53 and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) interaction was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to knockout EGFR and DNA-PKcs and the Edit-R CRIPSR-Cas9 system for conditional knockout of EGFR. ROS activity was measured with a CM-H2DCFDA probe, and real-time PCR was used to quantify expression of p53 target genes. RESULTS Using glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs), we identified, DNA-PKcs as a p53 interacting protein that functionally inhibits p53 activity. We demonstrate that EGFR knockdown increased wt-p53 transcriptional activity, which was associated with decreased binding between p53 and DNA-PKcs. We further show that inhibition of DNA-PKcs either by siRNA or an inhibitor (nedisertib) increased wt-p53 transcriptional activity, which was not enhanced further by EGFR knockdown, indicating that EGFR suppressed wt-p53 activity through DNA-PKcs binding with p53. Finally, using conditional EGFR-knockout GSCs, we show that depleting EGFR increased animal survival in mice transplanted with wt-p53 GSCs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that EGFR signaling inhibits wt-p53 function in GBM by promoting an interaction between p53 and DNA-PKcs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shayak Sen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Wu G, Hao Q, Liu B, Zhou J, Fan C, Liu R. Network pharmacology-based screening of the active ingredients and mechanisms of evodiae fructus anti-glioblastoma multiforme. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30853. [PMID: 36181021 PMCID: PMC9524918 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evodiae fructus has been shown to have anti-glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) effects. However, its anti-GBM active components and mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the active components of evodiae fructus were screened by network pharmacology to explore the possible molecular mechanism of resistance to GBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main active ingredients of evodiae fructus were derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Batch-traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TCMSP and Swiss absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) predict genetic targets for ingredients that meet pharmacological criteria. GBM-related targets were obtained from DisGeNet, GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and TCGA. A Venn diagram was used to obtain the common targets of evodiae fructus and GBM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and component-disease target networks were constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.1 software for visualization. GBM gene differential expression was visualized by VolcaNoseR, and potential targets were enriched by Gene Ontology (GO) function and annotated by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway by SRplot. Molecular docking verification was conducted using AutoDock Vina software. RESULTS According to the screening conditions, 24 active components and 80 drug targets were obtained. The PPI network contains 80 proteins. The molecular docking verification showed the molecular docking affinity of the core active compounds in evodiae fructus with CASP3, JUN, EGFR, and AKT1. CONCLUSIONS This study preliminarily identified the various molecular targets and multiple pathways of evodiae fructus against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, China
| | - Qingpei Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, China
| | - Jingru Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, China
| | - Cungang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, China
| | - Ruen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, China
- *Correspondence: Ruen Liu, Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, China (e-mail: )
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Daddacha W, Monroe D, Carver K, Usoro ER, Alptekin A, Xu H, Osuka S, Arbab AS, Sakamuro D. Viral Particle-Mediated SAMHD1 Depletion Sensitizes Refractory Glioblastoma to DNA-Damaging Therapeutics by Impairing Homologous Recombination. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184490. [PMID: 36139652 PMCID: PMC9497202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal and common primary brain tumor that accounts for about 50% of all diagnosed malignant gliomas. Despite aggressive standard-of-care treatment of surgical resection followed by γ-irradiation (IR) and DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), the average post-diagnosis survival time for a GBM patient remains at 15 months. This is mainly due to acquired resistance and limited therapeutic options. Sterile alpha motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) supports DNA double-strand break repair by promoting homologous recombination (HR) and it can be targeted to proteasomal degradation by viral protein X (Vpx). We aim to evaluate whether depleting SAMHD1 sensitizes refractory GBM to IR and TMZ, and the possibility of utilizing Vpx as therapeutic tool. We report that SAMHD1 is highly expressed in GBM. Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 depletion impaired HR and sensitized GBM cells to IR and TMZ. Our finding demonstrates the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting SAMHD1 with Vpx in GBM. Abstract The current standard-of-care treatment for glioblastoma includes DNA damaging agents, γ-irradiation (IR) and temozolomide (TMZ). These treatments fail frequently and there is limited alternative strategy. Therefore, identifying a new therapeutic target is urgently needed to develop a strategy that improves the efficacy of the existing treatments. Here, we report that tumor samples from GBM patients express a high level of SAMHD1, emphasizing SAMHD1’s importance. The depletion of SAMHD1 using virus-like particles containing Vpx, VLP(+Vpx), sensitized two independent GBM cell lines (LN-229 and U-87) to veliparib, a well-established PARP inhibitor, and slowed cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In the mouse GBM xenograft model, Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 depletion reduced tumor growth and SAMHD1 knockout (KO) improved survival. In combination with IR or TMZ, SAMHD1 KO and exposure to 50% growth inhibitory dose (gID50) of VLP(+Vpx) displayed a synergistic effect, resulting in impaired HR, and improved LN-229 cells’ sensitivity to TMZ and IR. In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that SAMHD1 promotes GBM resistance to treatment, and it is a plausible therapeutic target to improve the efficacy of TMZ and IR in GBM. Furthermore, we show that Vpx could be a potential therapeutic tool that can be utilized to deplete SAMHD1 in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waaqo Daddacha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-0272
| | - Dominique Monroe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kristen Carver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Edidiong R. Usoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ahmet Alptekin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ali S. Arbab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Daitoku Sakamuro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Bisht P, Kumar VU, Pandey R, Velayutham R, Kumar N. Role of PARP Inhibitors in Glioblastoma and Perceiving Challenges as Well as Strategies for Successful Clinical Development. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:939570. [PMID: 35873570 PMCID: PMC9297740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.939570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform is the most aggressive primary type of brain tumor, representing 54% of all gliomas. The average life span for glioblastoma multiform is around 14-15 months instead of treatment. The current treatment for glioblastoma multiform includes surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy for 6.5 months, followed by another 6 months of maintenance therapy with temozolomide chemotherapy (5 days every month). However, resistance to temozolomide is frequently one of the limiting factors in effective treatment. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been investigated as sensitizing drugs to enhance temozolomide potency. However, clinical use of PARP inhibitors in glioblastoma multiform is difficult due to a number of factors such as limited blood-brain barrier penetration of PARP inhibitors, inducing resistance due to frequent use of PARP inhibitors, and overlapping hematologic toxicities of PARP inhibitors when co-administered with glioblastoma multiform standard treatment (radiation therapy and temozolomide). This review elucidates the role of PARP inhibitors in temozolomide resistance, multiple factors that make development of these PARP inhibitor drugs challenging, and the strategies such as the development of targeted drug therapies and combination therapy to combat the resistance of PARP inhibitors that can be adopted to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - V. Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
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15
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Liu J, Wang Y, Tian Z, Lin Y, Li H, Zhu Z, Liu Q, Su S, Zeng Y, Jia W, Yang Y, Xu S, Yao H, Jiang W, Song E. Multicenter phase II trial of Camrelizumab combined with Apatinib and Eribulin in heavily pretreated patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3011. [PMID: 35641481 PMCID: PMC9156739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the later-line setting or for patients with PD-L1-negative tumors, immunotherapy-based regimens remain ineffective against advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this multicentered phase II trial (NCT04303741), 46 patients with pretreated advanced TNBC were enrolled to receive camrelizumab 200 mg (day 1), and apatinib 250 mg daily, plus eribulin 1.4 mg/m2 (day 1 and 8) on a 21-day cycle until progression, or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) according to RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included toxicities, disease control rate (DCR), clinical benefit rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and 1-year overall survival. With a median of 3 lines of prior chemotherapy in the advanced setting, 17.4% had received PD-1/PD-L1 blockade plus chemotherapy for advanced disease. The ORR was 37.0% (17/46, 95% CI 23.2-52.5). The DCR was 87.0% (40/46, 95% CI 73.7-95.1). Median PFS was 8.1 (95% CI 4.6-10.3) months. Tertiary lymphoid structure was associated with higher ORR. Patients with lower tumor PML or PLOD3 expression had favorable ORR and PFS. PD-L1 status was not associated with ORR/PFS. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 19 (41.3%) of 46 patients. Camrelizumab plus apatinib and eribulin shows promising efficacy with a measurable safety profile in patients with heavily pretreated advanced TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenluan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinduo Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijuan Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Perspective on the Use of DNA Repair Inhibitors as a Tool for Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071821. [PMID: 35406593 PMCID: PMC8997380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current routine treatment for glioblastoma (GB), the most lethal high-grade brain tumor in adults, aims to induce DNA damage in the tumor. However, the tumor cells might be able to repair that damage, which leads to therapy resistance. Fortunately, DNA repair defects are common in GB cells, and their survival is often based on a sole backup repair pathway. Hence, targeted drugs inhibiting essential proteins of the DNA damage response have gained momentum and are being introduced in the clinic. This review gives a perspective on the use of radiopharmaceuticals targeting DDR kinases for imaging in order to determine the DNA repair phenotype of GB, as well as for effective radionuclide therapy. Finally, four new promising radiopharmaceuticals are suggested with the potential to lead to a more personalized GB therapy. Abstract Despite numerous innovative treatment strategies, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains challenging. With the current state-of-the-art therapy, most GB patients succumb after about a year. In the evolution of personalized medicine, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is gaining momentum, for example, to stratify patients based on specific biomarkers. One of these biomarkers is deficiencies in DNA damage repair (DDR), which give rise to genomic instability and cancer initiation. However, these deficiencies also provide targets to specifically kill cancer cells following the synthetic lethality principle. This led to the increased interest in targeted drugs that inhibit essential DDR kinases (DDRi), of which multiple are undergoing clinical validation. In this review, the current status of DDRi for the treatment of GB is given for selected targets: ATM/ATR, CHK1/2, DNA-PK, and PARP. Furthermore, this review provides a perspective on the use of radiopharmaceuticals targeting these DDR kinases to (1) evaluate the DNA repair phenotype of GB before treatment decisions are made and (2) induce DNA damage via TRT. Finally, by applying in-house selection criteria and analyzing the structural characteristics of the DDRi, four drugs with the potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals are suggested.
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Liu H, Qiu W, Sun T, Wang L, Du C, Hu Y, Liu W, Feng F, Chen Y, Sun H. Therapeutic strtegies of glioblastoma (GBM): The current advances in the molecular targets and bioactive small molecule compounds. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:1781-1804. [PMID: 35847506 PMCID: PMC9279645 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive malignant tumor in brain neuroepithelial tumors and remains incurable. A variety of treatment options are currently being explored to improve patient survival, including small molecule inhibitors, viral therapies, cancer vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. Among them, the unique advantages of small molecule inhibitors have made them a focus of attention in the drug discovery of glioblastoma. Currently, the most used chemotherapeutic agents are small molecule inhibitors that target key dysregulated signaling pathways in glioblastoma, including receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, DNA damage response, TP53 and cell cycle inhibitors. This review analyzes the therapeutic benefit and clinical development of novel small molecule inhibitors discovered as promising anti-glioblastoma agents by the related targets of these major pathways. Meanwhile, the recent advances in temozolomide resistance and drug combination are also reviewed. In the last part, due to the constant clinical failure of targeted therapies, this paper reviewed the research progress of other therapeutic methods for glioblastoma, to provide patients and readers with a more comprehensive understanding of the treatment landscape of glioblastoma.
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18
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Wu W, Klockow JL, Zhang M, Lafortune F, Chang E, Jin L, Wu Y, Daldrup-Link HE. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105780. [PMID: 34302977 PMCID: PMC8384724 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV glioma and the most common malignant, primary brain tumor with a 5-year survival of 7.2%. Its highly infiltrative nature, genetic heterogeneity, and protection by the blood brain barrier (BBB) have posed great treatment challenges. The standard treatment for GBMs is surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. The robust DNA repair and self-renewing capabilities of glioblastoma cells and glioma initiating cells (GICs), respectively, promote resistance against all current treatment modalities. Thus, durable GBM management will require the invention of innovative treatment strategies. In this review, we will describe biological and molecular targets for GBM therapy, the current status of pharmacologic therapy, prominent mechanisms of resistance, and new treatment approaches. To date, medical imaging is primarily used to determine the location, size and macroscopic morphology of GBM before, during, and after therapy. In the future, molecular and cellular imaging approaches will more dynamically monitor the expression of molecular targets and/or immune responses in the tumor, thereby enabling more immediate adaptation of tumor-tailored, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessica L Klockow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Famyrah Lafortune
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edwin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Linchun Jin
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bayern 81675, Germany
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Xavier MA, Rezende F, Titze-de-Almeida R, Cornelissen B. BRCAness as a Biomarker of Susceptibility to PARP Inhibitors in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1188. [PMID: 34439854 PMCID: PMC8394995 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. GBMs commonly acquire resistance to standard-of-care therapies. Among the novel means to sensitize GBM to DNA-damaging therapies, a promising strategy is to combine them with inhibitors of the DNA damage repair (DDR) machinery, such as inhibitors for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have already shown efficacy and have received regulatory approval for breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer treatment. In these cancer types, after PARPi administration, patients carrying specific mutations in the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) suppressor genes have shown better response when compared to wild-type carriers. Mutated BRCA genes are infrequent in GBM tumors, but their cells can carry other genetic alterations that lead to the same phenotype collectively referred to as 'BRCAness'. The most promising biomarkers of BRCAness in GBM are related to isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), MYC proto-oncogene, and estrogen receptors beta (ERβ). BRCAness status identified by accurate biomarkers can ultimately predict responsiveness to PARPi therapy, thereby allowing patient selection for personalized treatment. This review discusses potential biomarkers of BRCAness for a 'precision medicine' of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Ann Xavier
- Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, University of Brasília—UnB/FAV, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (F.R.); (R.T.-d.-A.)
| | - Fernando Rezende
- Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, University of Brasília—UnB/FAV, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (F.R.); (R.T.-d.-A.)
| | - Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, University of Brasília—UnB/FAV, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (F.R.); (R.T.-d.-A.)
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Department of Oncology, Radiobiology Research Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Wu S, Li X, Gao F, de Groot JF, Koul D, Yung WKA. PARP-mediated PARylation of MGMT is critical to promote repair of temozolomide-induced O6-methylguanine DNA damage in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:920-931. [PMID: 33433610 PMCID: PMC8168825 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is mediated by the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). MGMT promoter methylation (occurs in about 40% of patients) is associated with loss of MGMT expression (MGMT−) that compromises DNA repair, leading to a favorable response to TMZ therapy. The 60% of patients with unmethylated MGMT (MGMT+) GBM experience resistance to TMZ; in these patients, understanding the mechanism of MGMT-mediated repair and modulating MGMT activity may lead to enhanced TMZ activity. Here, we report a novel mode of regulation of MGMT protein activity by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Methods MGMT-PARP interaction was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. PARylation of MGMT and PARP was detected by co-immunoprecipitation with anti-PAR antibody. O6-methylguanine (O6-MetG) adducts were quantified by immunofluorescence assay. In vivo studies were conducted in mice to determine the effectiveness of PARP inhibition in sensitizing GBM to TMZ. Results We demonstrated that PARP physically binds with MGMT and PARylates MGMT in response to TMZ treatment. In addition, PARylation of MGMT by PARP is required for MGMT binding to chromatin to enhance the removal of O6-MetG adducts from DNA after TMZ treatment. PARP inhibitors reduced PARP-MGMT binding and MGMT PARylation, silencing MGMT activity to repair O6-MetG. PARP inhibition restored TMZ sensitivity in vivo in MGMT-expressing GBM. Conclusion This study demonstrated that PARylation of MGMT by PARP is critical for repairing TMZ-induced O6-MetG, and inhibition of PARylation by PARP inhibitor reduces MGMT function rendering sensitization to TMZ, providing a rationale for combining PARP inhibitors to sensitize TMZ in MGMT-unmethylated GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofang Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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21
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Chang CY, Pan PH, Wu CC, Liao SL, Chen WY, Kuan YH, Wang WY, Chen CJ. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Contributes to Gefitinib-Induced Apoptosis in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083934. [PMID: 33920356 PMCID: PMC8069544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate stress on the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) with the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) could maintain glioma malignancy. Uncontrolled ER stress, on the other hand, predisposes an apoptosis-dominant UPR program. We studied here the proapoptotic actions of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib, with the focus on ER stress. The study models were human H4 and U87 glioma cell lines. We found that the glioma cell-killing effects of gefitinib involved caspase 3 apoptotic cascades. Three branches of ER stress, namely Activating Transcription Factor-6 (ATF6), Protein Kinase R (PKR)-Like ER Kinase (PERK), and Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1), were activated by gefitinib, along with the elevation of intracellular free Ca2+, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and NADPH Oxidase2/4 (NOX2/4). Specifically, elevated IRE1 phosphorylation, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor-Associated Factor-2 (TRAF2) expression, Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase-1 (Ask1) phosphorylation, c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and Noxa expression appeared in gefitinib-treated glioma cells. Genetic, pharmacological, and biochemical studies further indicated an active ROS/ER stress/Ask1/JNK/Noxa axis causing the glioma apoptosis induced by gefitinib. The findings suggest that ER-stress-based therapeutic targeting could be a promising option in EGFR inhibitor glioma therapy, and may ultimately achieve a better patient response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chang
- Department of Surgery, Feng Yuan Hospital, Taichung 420, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Ho Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-423-592-525 (ext. 4022)
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22
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Randon G, Yaeger R, Hechtman JF, Manca P, Fucà G, Walch H, Lee J, Élez E, Seligmann J, Mussolin B, Pagani F, Germani MM, Ambrosini M, Rossini D, Ratti M, Salvà F, Richman SD, Wood H, Nanjangud G, Gloghini A, Milione M, Bardelli A, de Braud F, Morano F, Cremolini C, Pietrantonio F. EGFR Amplification in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1561-1569. [PMID: 33825902 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFR amplification occurs in about 1% of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) but is not routinely tested as a prognostic or predictive biomarker for patients treated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Herein, we aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular landscape of EGFR-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). METHODS In this multinational cohort study, we compared clinical data of 62 patients with EGFR-amplified vs. 1459 EGFR non-amplified mCRC, as well as comprehensive genomic data of 35 EGFR-amplified vs. 439 EGFR non-amplified RAS/BRAF wild-type and microsatellite stable (MSS) tumor samples. RESULTS EGFR amplification was statistically significantly associated with left primary tumor sidedness and RAS/BRAF wild-type status. All EGFR-amplified tumors were MSS and HER2 non-amplified. Overall, EGFR-amplified samples had higher median fraction of genome altered compared to EGFR non-amplified, RAS/BRAF wild-type MSS cohort. Patients with EGFR-amplified tumors reported longer overall survival (OS) (median OS = 71.3 months; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 50.7-NA) vs. EGFR non-amplified ones (24.0 months; 95% CI = 22.8-25.6; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.20-0.44, P<.001; adjusted HR = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.30-0.69, P<.001). In the subgroup of patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC exposed to anti-EGFR-based therapy, EGFR amplification was again associated with better OS (median OS = 54.0 months [95% CI = 35.2-NA] vs. 29.1 months [95% CI = 27.0-31.9], respectively; HR = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.28-0.76, P=.002). CONCLUSION Patients with EGFR-amplified mCRC represent a biologically defined subgroup and merit dedicated clinical trials with novel and more potent EGFR targeting strategies beyond single-agent monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Randon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaclyn F Hechtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Manca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fucà
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Henry Walch
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Elena Élez
- Vall D'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH) and Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenny Seligmann
- St James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Filippo Pagani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Germani
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Ambrosini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Rossini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Ratti
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Francesc Salvà
- Vall D'Hebron University Hospital (HUVH) and Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan D Richman
- St James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Henry Wood
- St James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Gouri Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Department of the Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- Department of the Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Oncology and Hemato-oncology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Morano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Oncology and Hemato-oncology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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23
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Sadoughi F, Maleki Dana P, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. DNA damage response and repair in osteosarcoma: Defects, regulation and therapeutic implications. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 102:103105. [PMID: 33836418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents which has the survival rate of 20% in its advanced stages. Osteosarcomas are mostly resistance to our common treatments. DNA damage response (DDR) is a specialized multistep process containing abundant proteins which are necessary for the survival of any cell and organism. DDR machinery detects a diversity of DNA lesions and inhibits the cell cycle progression if these lesions are not repairable. DDR is involved in aging, age-related diseases, and cancer. In recent years, DDR inhibitors have gained the attention of researches due to their potentials in offering novel therapeutic targets and improving the response of many cancers to either chemo- or radio-therapy. In this regard, we tried to gather a great body of evidence about the role of DDR ingredients in osteosarcoma's initiation/progression, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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24
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Majd NK, Yap TA, Koul D, Balasubramaniyan V, Li X, Khan S, Gandy KS, Yung WKA, de Groot JF. The promise of DNA damage response inhibitors for the treatment of glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab015. [PMID: 33738447 PMCID: PMC7954093 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumor, has a dismal prognosis. Despite our growing knowledge of genomic and epigenomic alterations in GBM, standard therapies and outcomes have not changed significantly in the past two decades. There is therefore an urgent unmet need to develop novel therapies for GBM. The inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of GBM, inadequate drug concentrations in the tumor owing to the blood-brain barrier, redundant signaling pathways contributing to resistance to conventional therapies, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, have all hindered the development of novel therapies for GBM. Given the high frequency of DNA damage pathway alterations in GBM, researchers have focused their efforts on pharmacologically targeting key enzymes, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), DNA-dependent protein kinase, ataxia telangiectasia-mutated, and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related. The mainstays of GBM treatment, ionizing radiation and alkylating chemotherapy, generate DNA damage that is repaired through the upregulation and activation of DNA damage response (DDR) enzymes. Therefore, the use of PARP and other DDR inhibitors to render GBM cells more vulnerable to conventional treatments is an area of intense investigation. In this review, we highlight the growing body of data behind DDR inhibitors in GBM, with a focus on putative predictive biomarkers of response. We also discuss the challenges involved in the successful development of DDR inhibitors for GBM, including the intracranial location and predicted overlapping toxicities of DDR agents with current standards of care, and propose promising strategies to overcome these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin K Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katilin S Gandy
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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25
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Lal S, Snape TJ. A therapeutic update on PARP inhibitors: implications in the treatment of glioma. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:532-541. [PMID: 33157194 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) cancers are among the most aggressive and devastating. Further, due to unavailability of neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons, the specialized treatment options of CNS cancers are still not completely available in most parts of the world. Among various strategies of inducing death in cancer cells, inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has emerged as a beneficial therapy when combined with other anticancer agents. In this review, we provide a detailed therapeutic update of PARP inhibitors that have shown clinical activity against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Lal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, 122413, Haryana, India.
| | - Timothy J Snape
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
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26
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Pinheiro KV, Thomaz A, Souza BK, Metcalfe VA, Freire NH, Brunetto AT, de Farias CB, Jaeger M, Bambini V, Smith CGS, Shaw L, Roesler R. Expression and pharmacological inhibition of TrkB and EGFR in glioblastoma. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6817-6828. [PMID: 32862352 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A member of the Trk family of neurotrophin receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB, encoded by the NTRK2 gene) is an increasingly important target in various cancer types, including glioblastoma (GBM). EGFR is among the most frequently altered oncogenes in GBM, and EGFR inhibition has been tested as an experimental therapy. Functional interactions between EGFR and TrkB have been demonstrated. In the present study, we investigated the role of TrkB and EGFR, and their interactions, in GBM. Analyses of NTRK2 and EGFR gene expression from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets showed an increase in NTRK2 expression in the proneural subtype of GBM, and a strong correlation between NTRK2 and EGFR expression in glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP+) samples. We showed that when TrkB and EGFR inhibitors were combined, the inhibitory effect on A172 human GBM cells was more pronounced than when either inhibitor was given alone. When U87MG GBM cells were xenografted into the flank of nude mice, tumor growth was delayed by treatment with TrkB and EGFR inhibitors, given alone or combined, only at specific time points. Intracranial GBM growth in mice was not significantly affected by drug treatments. Our findings indicate that correlations between NTRK2 and EGFR expression occur in specific GBM subgroups. Also, our results using cultured cells suggest for the first time the potential of combining TrkB and EGFR inhibition for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly V Pinheiro
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 (ICBS, Campus Centro/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Amanda Thomaz
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 (ICBS, Campus Centro/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.,Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA 4YG, UK
| | - Bárbara Kunzler Souza
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 (ICBS, Campus Centro/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Victoria Anne Metcalfe
- Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Natália Hogetop Freire
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Tesainer Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Mariane Jaeger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Victorio Bambini
- Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Christopher G S Smith
- Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Lisa Shaw
- Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 (ICBS, Campus Centro/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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