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Sun M, Ji Y, Zhang G, Li Y, Dong F, Wu T. Posttranslational modifications of E2F family members in the physiological state and in cancer: Roles, mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117147. [PMID: 39053422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The E2F transcription factor family, whose members are encoded by the E2F1-E2F8 genes, plays pivotal roles in the cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, stemness, metastasis, aging, angiogenesis, tumor promotion or suppression, and other biological processes. The activity of E2Fs is regulated at multiple levels, with posttranslational modifications being an important regulatory mechanism. There are numerous types of posttranslational modifications, among which phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation are the most commonly studied in the context of the E2F family. Posttranslational modifications of E2F family proteins regulate their biological activity, stability, localization, and interactions with other biomolecules, affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage, etc., and thereby playing roles in physiological and pathological processes. Notably, these modifications do not always act alone but rather form an interactive regulatory network. Currently, several drugs targeting posttranslational modifications are being studied or clinically applied, in which the proteolysis-targeting chimera and molecular glue can target E2Fs. This review aims to summarize the roles and regulatory mechanisms of different PTMs of E2F family members in the physiological state and in cancer and to briefly discuss their clinical significance and potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yitong Ji
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Fengming Dong
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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2
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Hu L, Li Q, Wang J, Wang H, Ren X, Huang K, Wang Y, Liang X, Pu L, Xiong S, Zhai Z. The CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib Synergizes with ATRA to Induce Differentiation in AML. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:961-972. [PMID: 38507743 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy based on ATRA almost cured acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, it is disappointing that ATRA is not effective against other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes. Developing new and effective anti-AML therapies that promote leukemia differentiation is necessary. The CDK4/6-cyclin D pathway is a key initiator of the G1-S phase transition, which determines cell fate. Herein, we investigated whether the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib would synergize with ATRA to promote leukemia differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Our findings revealed that CDK4/6-cyclin D pathway genes were aberrantly expressed in AML, and we observed that palbociclib sensitized AML cells to ATRA-induced morphologic, biochemical, and functional changes indicative of myeloid differentiation. The combination of palbociclib and ATRA attenuated AML cell expansion in vivo. These enhanced differentiation effects may be associated with the regulation of transcription factors, including RARα, E2F1, and STAT1. Overall, our findings demonstrate that CDK4/6 inhibition sensitizes AML cells to ATRA and could guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies for patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Hu
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyu Wang
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyang Ren
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Huang
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liang
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianfang Pu
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shudao Xiong
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Hematological Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Center of Hematology Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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3
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Tong D, Tang Y, Zhong P. The emerging roles of histone demethylases in cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:795-821. [PMID: 38227150 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of histone methylation status is regarded as an important mechanism of epigenetic regulation and has substantial clinical potential for the therapy of diseases, including cancer and other disorders. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive introduction to the enzymology of histone demethylases, as well as their cancerous roles, molecular mechanisms, therapeutic possibilities, and challenges for targeting them, in order to advance drug design for clinical therapy and highlight new insight into the mechanisms of these enzymes in cancer. A series of clinical trials have been performed to explore potential roles of histone demethylases in several cancer types. Numerous targeted inhibitors associated with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy have been used to exert anticancer functions. Future studies should evaluate the dynamic transformation of histone demethylases leading to carcinogenesis and explore individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Tong
- Department of Urological Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Sblano S, Boccarelli A, Mesiti F, Purgatorio R, de Candia M, Catto M, Altomare CD. A second life for MAO inhibitors? From CNS diseases to anticancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116180. [PMID: 38290352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO A, B) are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for oxidative deamination of amine neurotransmitters and xenobiotics. Despite decades of studies, MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) find today limited therapeutic space as second-line drugs for the treatment of depression and Parkinson's disease. In recent years, a renewed interest in MAOIs has been raised up by several studies investigating the role of MAOs, particularly MAO A, in tumor insurgence and progression, and the efficacy of MAOIs as coadjutants in the therapy of chemoresistant tumors. In this survey, we highlight the implication of MAOs in the biochemical pathways of tumorigenesis and review the state-of-the-art of preclinical and clinical studies of MAOIs as anticancer agents used in monotherapy or in combination with antitumor chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sblano
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelina Boccarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Mesiti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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5
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Yang Z, Zhang S, Liu X, Shu R, Shi W, Qu W, Liu D, Cai Z, Wang Y, Cheng X, Liu Y, Zhang XJ, Bai L, Li H, She ZG. Histone demethylase KDM1A promotes hepatic steatosis and inflammation by increasing chromatin accessibility in NAFLD. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100513. [PMID: 38295985 PMCID: PMC10907224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease without specific Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Recent advances suggest that chromatin remodeling and epigenetic alteration contribute to the development of NAFLD. The functions of the corresponding molecular modulator in NAFLD, however, are still elusive. KDM1A, commonly known as lysine-specific histone demethylase 1, has been reported to increase glucose uptake in hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, a recent study suggests that inhibition of KDM1A reduces lipid accumulation in primary brown adipocytes. We here investigated the role of KDM1A, one of the most important histone demethylases, in NAFLD. In this study, we observed a significant upregulation of KDM1A in NAFLD mice, monkeys, and humans compared to the control group. Based on these results, we further found that the KDM1A can exacerbate lipid accumulation and inflammation in hepatocytes and mice. Mechanistically, KDM1A exerted its effects by elevating chromatin accessibility, subsequently promoting the development of NAFLD. Furthermore, the mutation of KDM1A blunted its capability to promote the development of NAFLD. In summary, our study discovered that KDM1A exacerbates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in NAFLD via increasing chromatin accessibility, further indicating the importance of harnessing chromatin remodeling and epigenetic alteration in combating NAFLD. KDM1A might be considered as a potential therapeutic target in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyao Zhang
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Rui Shu
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyi Qu
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dianyu Liu
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yemao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Liu HM, Zhou Y, Chen HX, Wu JW, Ji SK, Shen L, Wang SP, Liu HM, Liu Y, Dai XJ, Zheng YC. LSD1 in drug discovery: From biological function to clinical application. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:833-866. [PMID: 38014919 DOI: 10.1002/med.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) dependent monoamine oxidase (MAO) that erases the mono-, and dimethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), resulting in the suppression of target gene transcriptions. Besides, it can also demethylate some nonhistone substrates to regulate their biological functions. As reported, LSD1 is widely upregulated and plays a key role in several kinds of cancers, pharmacological or genetic ablation of LSD1 in cancer cells suppresses cell aggressiveness by several distinct mechanisms. Therefore, numerous LSD1 inhibitors, including covalent and noncovalent, have been developed and several of them have entered clinical trials. Herein, we systemically reviewed and discussed the biological function of LSD1 in tumors, lymphocytes as well as LSD1-targeting inhibitors in clinical trials, hoping to benefit the field of LSD1 and its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - He-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiang-Wan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shi-Kun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shao-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing-Jie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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7
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Shao T, Li J, Su M, Yang C, Ma Y, Lv C, Wang W, Xie Y, Xu G, Shi C, Zhou X, Fan H, Li Y, Xu J. A machine learning model identifies M3-like subtype in AML based on PML/RARα targets. iScience 2024; 27:108947. [PMID: 38322990 PMCID: PMC10844831 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The typical genomic feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M3 subtype is the fusion event of PML/RARα, and ATRA/ATO-based combination therapy is current standard treatment regimen for M3 subtype. Here, a machine-learning model based on expressions of PML/RARα targets was developed to identify M3 patients by analyzing 1228 AML patients. Our model exhibited high accuracy. To enable more non-M3 AML patients to potentially benefit from ATRA/ATO therapy, M3-like patients were further identified. We found that M3-like patients had strong GMP features, including the expression patterns of M3 subtype marker genes, the proportion of myeloid progenitor cells, and deconvolution of AML constituent cell populations. M3-like patients exhibited distinct genomic features, low immune activity and better clinical survival. The initiative identification of patients similar to M3 subtype may help to identify more patients that would benefit from ATO/ATRA treatment and deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanism of AML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Jianing Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Minghai Su
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Changbo Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Chongwen Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Yunjin Xie
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Gang Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Huitao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- School of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
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8
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Merz AMA, Platzbecker U. Beyond the horizon: emerging therapeutic approaches in myelodysplastic neoplasms. Exp Hematol 2024; 130:104130. [PMID: 38036096 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Management of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) requires a personalized approach, with a focus on improving quality of life and extending lifespan. The International Prognostic Scoring System-Revised and the molecular International Prognostic Scoring System are key tools for risk stratification and management of MDS. They provide a framework for predicting survival and the risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. However, a major challenge in MDS management remains the limited therapeutic options available, especially after the failure of first-line therapies. In lower-risk MDS, the failure of erythropoietin-stimulating agents often leaves few alternatives, although in higher-risk MDS, the prognosis after hypomethylating agent failure is dismal. This highlights the urgent need for novel, more personalized therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss emerging novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of MDS. Several new therapeutic targets are currently being evaluated, offering hope for improved management of MDS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almuth Maria Anni Merz
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, Hemostaseology and Infectious Disease, University Hospital of Leipzig, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, Hemostaseology and Infectious Disease, University Hospital of Leipzig, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine Leipzig, Germany.
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9
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Shen L, Wang B, Wang SP, Ji SK, Fu MJ, Wang SW, Hou WQ, Dai XJ, Liu HM. Combination Therapy and Dual-Target Inhibitors Based on LSD1: New Emerging Tools in Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:922-951. [PMID: 38214982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a transcriptional modulator that represses or activates target gene expression, is overexpressed in many cancer and causes imbalance in the expression of normal gene networks. Over two decades, numerous LSD1 inhibitors have been reported, especially some of which have entered clinical trials, including eight irreversible inhibitors (TCP, ORY-1001, GSK-2879552, INCB059872, IMG-7289, ORY-2001, TAK-418, and LH-1802) and two reversible inhibitors (CC-90011 and SP-2577). Most clinical LSD1 inhibitors demonstrated enhanced efficacy in combination with other agents. LSD1 multitarget inhibitors have also been reported, exampled by clinical dual LSD1/histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors 4SC-202 and JBI-802. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the combination of LSD1 inhibitors with various antitumor agents, as well as LSD1 multitarget inhibitors. Additionally, the challenges and future research directionsare also discussed, and we hope this review will provide new insight into the development of LSD1-targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shao-Peng Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shi-Kun Ji
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Jie Fu
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Wu Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Qing Hou
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xing-Jie Dai
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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10
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Ulrich S, Buspavanich P, Schlattmann P, Buchbauer H, Hindinger C, Behr J, Ricken R, Adli M. Enantiomer Plasma Concentrations of Tranylcypromine as a Test for Peripheral Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition. Ther Drug Monit 2023; 45:708-710. [PMID: 37651569 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Ulrich
- Aristo Pharma GmbH, Medical-Scientific Department, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pichit Buspavanich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Research Unit Gender in Medicine, Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hannah Buchbauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany ; and
| | - Claudia Hindinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Joachim Behr
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany ; and
| | - Roland Ricken
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany ; and
| | - Mazda Adli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany ; and
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Abdel-Aziz AK. Advances in acute myeloid leukemia differentiation therapy: A critical review. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115709. [PMID: 37506924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by impaired differentiation and indefinite proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitors. Although differentiating agents were deemed to revolutionize AML therapy, most treated non-APL AML patients are refractory or relapse. According to cancer stem cell model, leukemia-initiating cells are the root cause of relapse given their unidirectional potential to generate differentiated AML blasts. Nonetheless, accumulating evidences emphasize the de-differentiation plasticity and leukemogenic potential of mature AML blasts and the frailty of targeting leukemic stem cells per se. This review critically discusses the potential and challenges of (lessons learnt from) conventional and novel differentiating agents in AML therapy. Although differentiating agents might hold promise, they should be exploited within the context of a rationale combination regimen eradicating all maturation/differentiation states of AML cells. The results of the routinely used immunophenotypic markers and/or morphological analyses of differentiation should be carefully interpreted given their propensity to underestimate AML burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Smart Health Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudia Arabia.
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12
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Liu R, Zhao E, Yu H, Yuan C, Abbas MN, Cui H. Methylation across the central dogma in health and diseases: new therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:310. [PMID: 37620312 PMCID: PMC10449936 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is essential for cell-fate control, development, and health. Methylation of DNA, RNAs, histones, and non-histone proteins is a reversible post-synthesis modification that finetunes gene expression and function in diverse physiological processes. Aberrant methylation caused by genetic mutations or environmental stimuli promotes various diseases and accelerates aging, necessitating the development of therapies to correct the disease-driver methylation imbalance. In this Review, we summarize the operating system of methylation across the central dogma, which includes writers, erasers, readers, and reader-independent outputs. We then discuss how dysregulation of the system contributes to neurological disorders, cancer, and aging. Current small-molecule compounds that target the modifiers show modest success in certain cancers. The methylome-wide action and lack of specificity lead to undesirable biological effects and cytotoxicity, limiting their therapeutic application, especially for diseases with a monogenic cause or different directions of methylation changes. Emerging tools capable of site-specific methylation manipulation hold great promise to solve this dilemma. With the refinement of delivery vehicles, these new tools are well positioned to advance the basic research and clinical translation of the methylation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaoyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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13
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Lavudi K, Nuguri SM, Olverson Z, Dhanabalan AK, Patnaik S, Kokkanti RR. Targeting the retinoic acid signaling pathway as a modern precision therapy against cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1254612. [PMID: 37645246 PMCID: PMC10461636 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1254612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vital metabolite derived from vitamin A. RA plays a prominent role during development, which helps in embryological advancement and cellular differentiation. Mechanistically, RA binds to its definite nuclear receptors including the retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor, thus triggering gene transcription and further consequences in gene regulation. This functional heterodimer activation later results in gene activation/inactivation. Several reports have been published related to the detailed embryonic and developmental role of retinoic acids and as an anti-cancer drug for specific cancers, including acute promyelocytic leukemia, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Nonetheless, the other side of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has not been explored widely yet. In this review, we focused on the role of the RA pathway and its downstream gene activation in relation to cancer progression. Furthermore, we explored the ways of targeting the retinoic acid pathway by focusing on the dual role of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family enzymes. Combination strategies by combining RA targets with ALDH-specific targets make the tumor cells sensitive to the treatment and improve the progression-free survival of the patients. In addition to the genomic effects of ATRA, we also highlighted the role of ATRA in non-canonical mechanisms as an immune checkpoint inhibitor, thus targeting the immune oncological perspective of cancer treatments in the current era. The role of ATRA in activating independent mechanisms is also explained in this review. This review also highlights the current clinical trials of ATRA in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs and explains the future directional insights related to ATRA usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Lavudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shreya Madhav Nuguri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zianne Olverson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anantha Krishna Dhanabalan
- Centre for Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Srinivas Patnaik
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rekha Rani Kokkanti
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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14
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Pérez-González A, Bévant K, Blanpain C. Cancer cell plasticity during tumor progression, metastasis and response to therapy. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1063-1082. [PMID: 37537300 PMCID: PMC7615147 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell plasticity represents the ability of cells to be reprogrammed and to change their fate and identity, enabling homeostasis restoration and tissue regeneration following damage. Cell plasticity also contributes to pathological conditions, such as cancer, enabling cells to acquire new phenotypic and functional features by transiting across distinct cell states that contribute to tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Here, we review the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms driving cell plasticity that promote tumor growth and proliferation as well as metastasis and drug tolerance. Finally, we discuss how cell plasticity could be exploited for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pérez-González
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Bévant
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- WELBIO, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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15
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Nagai Y, Ambinder AJ. The Promise of Retinoids in the Treatment of Cancer: Neither Burnt Out Nor Fading Away. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3535. [PMID: 37509198 PMCID: PMC10377082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has become a highly curable malignancy, especially in combination with arsenic trioxide (ATO). ATRA's success has deepened our understanding of the role of the RARα pathway in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, and it has influenced a generation of cancer drug development. Retinoids have also demonstrated some efficacy in a handful of other disease entities, including as a maintenance therapy for neuroblastoma and in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas; nevertheless, the promise of retinoids as a differentiating therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) more broadly, and as a cancer preventative, have largely gone unfulfilled. Recent research into the mechanisms of ATRA resistance and the biomarkers of RARα pathway dysregulation in AML have reinvigorated efforts to successfully deploy retinoid therapy in a broader subset of myeloid malignancies. Recent studies have demonstrated that the bone marrow environment is highly protected from exogenous ATRA via local homeostasis controlled by stromal cells expressing CYP26, a key enzyme responsible for ATRA inactivation. Synthetic CYP26-resistant retinoids such as tamibarotene bypass this stromal protection and have shown superior anti-leukemic effects. Furthermore, recent super-enhancer (SE) analysis has identified a novel AML subgroup characterized by high expression of RARα through strong SE levels in the gene locus and increased sensitivity to tamibarotene. Combined with a hypomethylating agent, synthetic retinoids have shown synergistic anti-leukemic effects in non-APL AML preclinical models and are now being studied in phase II and III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nagai
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Alexander J Ambinder
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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16
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Hartung EE, Singh K, Berg T. LSD1 inhibition modulates transcription factor networks in myeloid malignancies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1149754. [PMID: 36969082 PMCID: PMC10036816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1149754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer of the blood system that is characterized by an accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and blood. Its pathogenesis is characterized by an increase in self-renewal and block in differentiation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Underlying its pathogenesis is the acquisition of mutations in these cells. As there are many different mutations found in AML that can occur in different combinations the disease is very heterogeneous. There has been some progress in the treatment of AML through the introduction of targeted therapies and a broader application of the stem cell transplantation in its treatment. However, many mutations found in AML are still lacking defined interventions. These are in particular mutations and dysregulation in important myeloid transcription factors and epigenetic regulators that also play a crucial role in normal hematopoietic differentiation. While a direct targeting of the partial loss-of-function or change in function observed in these factors is very difficult to imagine, recent data suggests that the inhibition of LSD1, an important epigenetic regulator, can modulate interactions in the network of myeloid transcription factors and restore differentiation in AML. Interestingly, the impact of LSD1 inhibition in this regard is quite different between normal and malignant hematopoiesis. The effect of LSD1 inhibition involves transcription factors that directly interact with LSD1 such as GFI1 and GFI1B, but also transcription factors that bind to enhancers that are modulated by LSD1 such as PU.1 and C/EBPα as well as transcription factors that are regulated downstream of LSD1 such as IRF8. In this review, we are summarizing the current literature on the impact of LSD1 modulation in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells and the current knowledge how the involved transcription factor networks are altered. We are also exploring how these modulation of transcription factors play into the rational selection of combination partners with LSD1 inhibitors, which is an intense area of clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Hartung
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kanwaldeep Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tobias Berg
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Escarpment Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Tobias Berg,
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17
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Kumar A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Das SK. Targeting epigenetic regulation for cancer therapy using small molecule inhibitors. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:73-161. [PMID: 36990539 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display pervasive changes in DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of histone posttranslational modification, chromatin composition or organization and regulatory element activities that alter normal programs of gene expression. It is becoming increasingly clear that disturbances in the epigenome are hallmarks of cancer, which are targetable and represent attractive starting points for drug creation. Remarkable progress has been made in the past decades in discovering and developing epigenetic-based small molecule inhibitors. Recently, epigenetic-targeted agents in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have been identified and these agents are either in current clinical trials or approved for treatment. However, epigenetic drug applications face many challenges, including low selectivity, poor bioavailability, instability and acquired drug resistance. New multidisciplinary approaches are being designed to overcome these limitations, e.g., applications of machine learning, drug repurposing, high throughput virtual screening technologies, to identify selective compounds with improved stability and better bioavailability. We provide an overview of the key proteins that mediate epigenetic regulation that encompass histone and DNA modifications and discuss effector proteins that affect the organization of chromatin structure and function as well as presently available inhibitors as potential drugs. Current anticancer small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic modified enzymes that have been approved by therapeutic regulatory authorities across the world are highlighted. Many of these are in different stages of clinical evaluation. We also assess emerging strategies for combinatorial approaches of epigenetic drugs with immunotherapy, standard chemotherapy or other classes of agents and advances in the design of novel epigenetic therapies.
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18
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Maiques-Diaz A, Nicosia L, Basma NJ, Romero-Camarero I, Camera F, Spencer GJ, Amaral FMR, Simeoni F, Wingelhofer B, Williamson AJK, Pierce A, Whetton AD, Somervaille TCP. HMG20B stabilizes association of LSD1 with GFI1 on chromatin to confer transcription repression and leukemia cell differentiation block. Oncogene 2022; 41:4841-4854. [PMID: 36171271 PMCID: PMC7613766 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibition of LSD1 induces molecular and morphologic differentiation of blast cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients harboring MLL gene translocations. In addition to its demethylase activity, LSD1 has a critical scaffolding function at genomic sites occupied by the SNAG domain transcription repressor GFI1. Importantly, inhibitors block both enzymatic and scaffolding activities, in the latter case by disrupting the protein:protein interaction of GFI1 with LSD1. To explore the wider consequences of LSD1 inhibition on the LSD1 protein complex we applied mass spectrometry technologies. We discovered that the interaction of the HMG-box protein HMG20B with LSD1 was also disrupted by LSD1 inhibition. Downstream investigations revealed that HMG20B is co-located on chromatin with GFI1 and LSD1 genome-wide; the strongest HMG20B binding co-locates with the strongest GFI1 and LSD1 binding. Functional assays demonstrated that HMG20B depletion induces leukemia cell differentiation and further revealed that HMG20B is required for the transcription repressor activity of GFI1 through stabilizing LSD1 on chromatin at GFI1 binding sites. Interaction of HMG20B with LSD1 is through its coiled-coil domain. Thus, HMG20B is a critical component of the GFI1:LSD1 transcription repressor complex which contributes to leukemia cell differentiation block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Maiques-Diaz
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Luciano Nicosia
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Naseer J Basma
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Isabel Romero-Camarero
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Francesco Camera
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Gary J Spencer
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Fabio M R Amaral
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Fabrizio Simeoni
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Bettina Wingelhofer
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Andrew J K Williamson
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, 27 Palatine Road, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, 27 Palatine Road, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Fron Heulog Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2TH, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, 27 Palatine Road, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine and School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, VSM Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Tim C P Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.
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19
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Diao W, Zheng J, Li Y, Wang J, Xu S. Targeting histone demethylases as a potential cancer therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:103. [PMID: 35801593 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Post‑translational modifications of histones by histone demethylases have an important role in the regulation of gene transcription and are implicated in cancers. Recently, the family of lysine (K)‑specific demethylase (KDM) proteins, referring to histone demethylases that dynamically regulate histone methylation, were indicated to be involved in various pathways related to cancer development. To date, numerous studies have been conducted to explore the effects of KDMs on cancer growth, metastasis and drug resistance, and a majority of KDMs have been indicated to be oncogenes in both leukemia and solid tumors. In addition, certain KDM inhibitors have been developed and have become the subject of clinical trials to explore their safety and efficacy in cancer therapy. However, most of them focus on hematopoietic malignancy. This review summarizes the effects of KDMs on tumor growth, drug resistance and the current status of KDM inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Diao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Junjiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Songhui Xu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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20
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Yang C, Li D, Zang S, Zhang L, Zhong Z, Zhou Y. Mechanisms of carcinogenic activity triggered by lysine-specific demethylase 1A. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:955218. [PMID: 36059955 PMCID: PMC9428822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.955218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has emerged as a prime focus area in the field of cancer research. Lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1), the first discovered histone demethylase, is mainly responsible for catalysing demethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3K9 to activate or inhibit gene transcription. LSD1 is abnormally expressed in various cancers and participates in cancer proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, drug resistance and other processes by interacting with regulatory factors. Therefore, it may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. This review summarises the major oncogenic mechanisms mediated by LSD1 and provides a reference for developing novel and efficient anticancer strategies targeting LSD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation and Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohong Zang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation and Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Yingtang Zhou,
| | - Yingtang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation and Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Yingtang Zhou,
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21
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Epigenetic dysregulation in myeloid malignancies. Blood 2021; 138:613-624. [PMID: 34157099 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is now a well-recognized -though not yet fully understood- mechanism that contributes to the development and progression of myeloid malignancies. In the past 15 years, next generation sequencing studies have revealed patterns of aberrant DNA methylation, altered chromatin states, and mutations in chromatin modifiers across the spectrum of myeloid malignancies. Studies into the mechanisms that drive these diseases through mouse modeling have helped identify new avenues for therapeutic interventions, from initial treatment to resistant, relapsed disease. This is particularly significant when chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents remains the general standard of care. In this review, we will discuss some of the recent findings of epigenetic mechanisms and how these are informing the development of more targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention in myeloid malignancies.
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22
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van Gils N, Denkers F, Smit L. Escape From Treatment; the Different Faces of Leukemic Stem Cells and Therapy Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659253. [PMID: 34012921 PMCID: PMC8126717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard induction chemotherapy, consisting of an anthracycline and cytarabine, has been the first-line therapy for many years to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although this treatment induces complete remissions in the majority of patients, many face a relapse (adaptive resistance) or have refractory disease (primary resistance). Moreover, older patients are often unfit for cytotoxic-based treatment. AML relapse is due to the survival of therapy-resistant leukemia cells (minimal residual disease, MRD). Leukemia cells with stem cell features, named leukemic stem cells (LSCs), residing within MRD are thought to be at the origin of relapse initiation. It is increasingly recognized that leukemia "persisters" are caused by intra-leukemic heterogeneity and non-genetic factors leading to plasticity in therapy response. The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, combined with hypomethylating agents or low dose cytarabine, represents an important new therapy especially for older AML patients. However, often there is also a small population of AML cells refractory to venetoclax treatment. As AML MRD reflects the sum of therapy resistance mechanisms, the different faces of treatment "persisters" and LSCs might be exploited to reach an optimal therapy response and prevent the initiation of relapse. Here, we describe the different epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic states of therapy sensitive and resistant AML (stem) cell populations and LSCs, how these cell states are influenced by the microenvironment and affect treatment outcome of AML. Moreover, we discuss potential strategies to target dynamic treatment resistance and LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje van Gils
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fedor Denkers
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda Smit
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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