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Torres-Vargas JA, Cheng-Sánchez I, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ, Sarabia F, García-Caballero M, Quesada AR. Characterization of the activity and the mechanism of action of a new toluquinol derivative with improved potential as an antiangiogenic drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Marrero AD, Castilla L, Espartero JL, Madrona A, R. Quesada A, Medina MÁ, Martínez-Poveda B. A comparative study of the antiangiogenic activity of hydroxytyrosyl alkyl ethers. Food Chem 2020; 333:127476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Machado GDRM, Fernandes de Andrade S, Pippi B, Bergamo VZ, Jacobus Berlitz S, Lopes W, Lavorato SN, Clemes Külkamp Guerreiro I, Vainstein MH, Teixeira ML, Alves RJ, Fuentefria AM. Chloroacetamide derivatives as a promising topical treatment for fungal skin infections. Mycologia 2019; 111:612-623. [PMID: 31204895 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1620550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal potential of 11 chloroacetamide derivatives and derivative incorporated into a film-forming system (FFS) as a potential alternative for the topical treatment of superficial and skin mycoses. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluation followed Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols M27-A3 (Candida) and M28-A2 (dermatophytes). Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were the most effective against Candida species (MIC range: 25-50 µg/mL) and dermatophytes (MIC range: 3.12-50 µg/mL). Compound 2 maintained its antifungal activity when incorporated in a FFS, with MIC values equivalent to the free compound. In addition, the compound does not act through complexation with ergosterol, suggesting that it may act on other targets of the fungal cell membrane. Chloroacetamide derivatives presented anti-Candida and anti-dermatophytic effectiveness. The FFS containing compound 2 has shown to be superior to traditional topical treatment of superficial and cutaneous fungal infections. It was found that these new chemical entities, with their applicability, are an excellent alternative to the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella da Rosa Monte Machado
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Zafaneli Bergamo
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Simone Jacobus Berlitz
- b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - William Lopes
- c Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Stefânia Neiva Lavorato
- d Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Irene Clemes Külkamp Guerreiro
- b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | | - Mário Lettieri Teixeira
- e Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Concórdia , Concórdia , Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- d Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- a Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , 90640-000, Rua São Luís, 154 Porto Alegre , Brazil
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García-Vilas JA, Pino-Ángeles A, Martínez-Poveda B, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. The noni anthraquinone damnacanthal is a multi-kinase inhibitor with potent anti-angiogenic effects. Cancer Lett 2016; 385:1-11. [PMID: 27816491 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The natural bioactive compound damnacanthal inhibits several tyrosine kinases. Herein, we show that -in fact- damancanthal is a multi kinase inhibitor. A docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach allows getting further insight on the inhibitory effect of damnacanthal on three different kinases: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, c-Met and focal adhesion kinase. Several of the kinases targeted and inhibited by damnacanthal are involved in angiogenesis. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments clearly demonstrate that, indeed, damnacanthal is a very potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. A number of in vitro assays contribute to determine the specific effects of damnacanthal on each of the steps of the angiogenic process, including inhibition of tubulogenesis, endothelial cell proliferation, survival, migration and production of extracellular matrix remodeling enzyme. Taken altogether, these results suggest that damancanthal could have potential interest for the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A García-Vilas
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana R Quesada
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Jin S, Yun HJ, Jeong HY, Oh YN, Park HJ, Yun SG, Kim BW, Kwon HJ. Widdrol, a sesquiterpene isolated from Juniperus chinensis, inhibits angiogenesis by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1178-84. [PMID: 26133679 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Widdrol is an odorous compound derived from Juniperus chinensis that is widely used in traditional medicine to treat fever, inflammation and cancer. It was previously reported that widdrol has antitumor activity by apoptosis induction in cancer cells in vitro. However, its anti-angiogenic activity remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the anti‑angiogenic activity of widdrol and the molecular mechanisms involved. Widdrol inhibited cell proliferation via G1 phase arrest induction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, it was associated with a decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and an increased expression of p21, a CDK inhibitor. Widdrol significantly inhibited the cell migration and tube formation of HUVECs using an in vitro angiogenesis assay. The results showed that widdrol suppressed phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and its downstream proteins, such as AKT, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Moreover, widdrol effectively reduced tumor growth and blood vessel formation in colon tumor xenograft mice. Collectively, these results suggested that widdrol may act as a potential anti-angiogenic agent by inhibiting vessel sprouting and growth, which may have implications for angioprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Jin
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yun
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Jeong
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - You Na Oh
- Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Geun Yun
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kwon
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
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García-Vilas JA, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. 4-methylumbelliferone inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4063-4071. [PMID: 23581646 DOI: 10.1021/jf303062h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a hyaluronic acid biosynthesis inhibitor with antitumoral and antimetastatic effects. The objective of the present study was to determine the potential of 4-MU as an antiangiogenic compound. To fulfill this aim, cultured endothelial cells were used to perform an array of in vitro assays, as well as two different in vivo angiogenesis assays. This study demonstrates that, in fact, 4-MU behaves as a new inhibitor of both in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. In vitro, 4-MU affects several key steps of angiogenesis, including endothelial cell proliferation, adhesion, tube formation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values in the proliferation assay were 0.65 ± 0.04 and 0.37 ± 0.03 mM for HMEC and RF-24 endothelial cells, respectively. 4-MU (2 mM) treatment for 24 h induced apoptosis in 13% of HMEC and 5% of RF-24 cells. The number of adherent endothelial cells decreased by >20% after 24 h of treatment with 1 mM 4-MU. Minimal inhibitory concentrations in the tube formation assay were 2 and 0.5 mM 4-MU for HMEC and RF-24, respectively. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression was differentially altered upon 4-MU treatment in both tested endothelial cell lines. Taken together, the results suggest that 4-MU may have potential as a new candidate multitargeted bioactive compound for antiangiogenic therapy.
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García-Caballero M, Marí-Beffa M, Cañedo L, Medina MÁ, Quesada AR. Toluquinol, a marine fungus metabolite, is a new angiosuppresor that interferes with the Akt pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1727-40. [PMID: 23603293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Toluquinol, a methylhydroquinone produced by a marine fungus, was selected in the course of a blind screening for new potential inhibitors of angiogenesis. In the present study we provide the first evidence that toluquinol is a new anti-angiogenic-compound. In a variety of experimental systems, representing the sequential events of the angiogenic process, toluquinol treatment of activated endothelial cells resulted in strong inhibitory effect. Toluquinol inhibited the growth of endothelial and tumor cells in culture in the micromolar range. Our results indicate that the observed growth inhibitory effect could be due, at least in part, to an induction of apoptosis. Toluquinol induced endothelial cell death is mediated via apoptosis after a cell cycle block and caspase activation. Capillary tube formation on Matrigel and migratory, invasive and proteolytic capabilities of endothelial cells were inhibited by addition of toluquinol at subtoxic concentrations. Inhibition of the mentioned essential steps of in vitro angiogenesis agrees with the observed inhibition of the in vivo angiogenesis, substantiated by using the chick chorioallatoic membrane assay and confirmed by the murine Matrigel plug, the zebrafish embryo neovascularization and the zebrafish caudal fin regeneration assays. Data here shown altogether indicate that toluquinol has antiangiogenic effects both in vitro and in vivo that are exerted partly by suppression of the VEGF and FGF-induced Akt activation of endothelial cells. These effects are carried out at lower concentrations to those required for other inhibitors of angiogenesis, what makes toluquinol a promising drug candidate for further evaluation in the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
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Martínez-Poveda B, Rodríguez-Nieto S, García-Caballero M, Medina MÁ, Quesada AR. The antiangiogenic compound aeroplysinin-1 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells by activating the mitochondrial pathway. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2033-2046. [PMID: 23118719 PMCID: PMC3475271 DOI: 10.3390/md10092033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeroplysinin-1 is a brominated metabolite extracted from the marine sponge Aplysina aerophoba that has been previously characterized by our group as a potent antiangiogenic compound in vitro and in vivo. In this work, we provide evidence of a selective induction of apoptosis by aeroplysinin-1 in endothelial cells. Studies on the nuclear morphology of treated cells revealed that aeroplysinin-1 induces chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, and it increases the percentage of cells with sub-diploid DNA content in endothelial, but not in HCT-116, human colon carcinoma and HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. Treatment of endothelial cells with aeroplysinin-1 induces activation of caspases-2, -3, -8 and -9, as well as the cleavage of apoptotic substrates, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and lamin-A in a caspase-dependent mechanism. Our data indicate a relevant role of the mitochondria in the apoptogenic activity of this compound. The observation that aeroplysinin-1 prevents the phosphorylation of Bad relates to the mitochondria-mediated induction of apoptosis by this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga E-29071, Spain; (B.M.-P.); (M.G.-C.); (M.-A.M.)
| | - Salvador Rodríguez-Nieto
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC-IDIBELL), Barcelona E-08908, Spain;
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga E-29071, Spain; (B.M.-P.); (M.G.-C.); (M.-A.M.)
| | - Miguel-Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga E-29071, Spain; (B.M.-P.); (M.G.-C.); (M.-A.M.)
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Málaga E-29071, Spain
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga E-29071, Spain; (B.M.-P.); (M.G.-C.); (M.-A.M.)
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Málaga E-29071, Spain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +34-952-137-128; Fax: +34-952-132-000
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López-Jiménez A, García-Caballero M, Medina MÁ, Quesada AR. Anti-angiogenic properties of carnosol and carnosic acid, two major dietary compounds from rosemary. Eur J Nutr 2011; 52:85-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of kahweol, a coffee diterpene. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23407. [PMID: 21858104 PMCID: PMC3153489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown that unfiltered coffee consumption is associated with a low incidence of cancer. This study aims to identify the effects of kahweol, an antioxidant diterpene contained in unfiltered coffee, on angiogenesis and key inflammatory molecules. Methodology/Principal Findings The experimental procedures included in vivo angiogenesis assays (both the chicken and quail choriallantoic membrane assay and the angiogenesis assay with fluorescent zebrafish), the ex vivo mouse aortic ring assay and the in vitro analysis of the effects of treatment of human endothelial cells with kahweol in cell growth, cell viability, cell migration and zymographic assays, as well as the tube formation assay on Matrigel. Additionally, two inflammation markers were determined, namely, the expression levels of cyclooxygenase 2 and the levels of secreted monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. We show for the first time that kahweol is an anti-angiogenic compound with inhibitory effects in two in vivo and one ex vivo angiogenesis models, with effects on specific steps of the angiogenic process: endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation on Matrigel. We also demonstrate the inhibitory effect of kahweol on the endothelial cell potential to remodel extracellular matrix by targeting two key molecules involved in the process, MMP-2 and uPA. Finally, the anti-inflammatory potential of this compound is demonstrated by its inhibition of both COX-2 expression and MCP-1 secretion in endothelial cells. Conclusion/Significance Taken together, our data indicate that, indeed, kahweol behaves as an anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic compound with potential use in antitumoral therapies. These data may contribute to the explanation of the reported antitumoral effects of kahweol, including the recent epidemiological meta-analysis showing that drinking coffee could decrease the risk of certain cancers.
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Dimethylfumarate inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo: a possible role for its antipsoriatic effect? J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1347-55. [PMID: 21289642 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The fumaric acid esters (FAEs) have been used for the oral treatment of psoriasis for some 50 years. Given that a persistent and maintained angiogenesis is associated with several cutaneous diseases, including psoriasis, we sought in our study to gain further insight into their mechanism of action by investigating whether FAEs are able to interfere with angiogenesis mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that dimethylfumarate (DMF) inhibits certain functions of endothelial cells, namely, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. This activity was not exhibited by similar concentrations of monomethylfumarate or fumaric acid. Our data indicate that DMF inhibits the growth of transformed and nontransformed cells in a dose-dependent manner. The growth-inhibitory effect exerted by this compound on proliferating endothelial cells could be due, at least in part, to an induction of apoptosis. Inhibition by DMF of the mentioned essential steps of in vitro angiogenesis is consistent with the observed inhibition of in vivo angiogenesis, substantiated using chick chorioallantoic membrane and live fluorescent zebrafish embryo neovascularization assays. The antiangiogenic activity of DMF may contribute to the antipsoriatic, antitumoral, and antimetastatic activities of this compound and suggests its potential in the treatment of angiogenesis-related malignancies.
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The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as an In Vivo Assay to Study Antiangiogenesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:482-513. [PMID: 27713265 PMCID: PMC4033966 DOI: 10.3390/ph3030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis, e.g., inhibition of blood vessel growth, is being investigated as a way to prevent the growth of tumors and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases. Pharmacological inhibition interferes with the angiogenic cascade or the immature neovasculature with synthetic or semi-synthetic substances, endogenous inhibitors or biological antagonists.The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is an extraembryonic membrane, which serves as a gas exchange surface and its function is supported by a dense capillary network. Because its extensive vascularization and easy accessibility, CAM has been used to study morphofunctional aspects of the angiogenesis process in vivo and to study the efficacy and mechanism of action of pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules. The fields of application of CAM in the study of antiangiogenesis, including our personal experience, are illustrated in this review article.
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Gad-Elkareem MAM, El-Adasy ABAAM. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some New Ethyl Thionicotinates, Thieno[2,3-b]pyridines, Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5] thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines, and Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d][1,2,3]triazines Containing Sulfonamide Moieties. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500902800253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Preceded by three decades of intense basic research on tumour angiogenesis, we are assisting to the translation of anti-antiangiogenic therapies as medical oncologists are increasingly using pioneering anti-angiogenic drugs in combination with standard treatments. While basic knowledge in the field of angiogenesis is reaching maturity and our level of understanding of the complex process of vessel development and growth in health and disease has been enriched at the molecular and cellular levels, the translation of this knowledge to the clinic is still in its infancy. Identifying the most suitable drugs, and the optimal dosage and schedule, as well as monitoring patients' responses to anti-angiogenic therapy, remain challenging issues that currently limit the benefit of this new therapeutic approach in cancer. This review will focus on a comprehensive description of the experimental assays in which angiogenesis research has been founded and how the different assays complement and provide relevant information for the task of characterising the angiogenic properties of diverse tumours, giving us a variety of tools to follow up tumour angiogenesis in research models. Following up tumour angiogenesis in patients and their response to antiangiogenic therapy is a more challenging task that will benefit in the near future from the use of non-invasive imaging methods as well as molecular and cellular biomarkers of angiogenesis suitable for clinical oncology. As both the design of the anti-angiogenic therapies and monitoring of the response are improved in the coming years to properly tailor them to the angiogenic profile of every patient, we hope to achieve increasing response and benefit of including antiangiogenic drugs as standard in cancer therapy.
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