1
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Rérolle D, de Thé H. The PML hub: An emerging actor of leukemia therapies. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221213. [PMID: 37382966 PMCID: PMC10309189 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PML assembles into nuclear domains that have attracted considerable attention from cell and cancer biologists. Upon stress, PML nuclear bodies modulate sumoylation and other post-translational modifications, providing an integrated molecular framework for the multiple roles of PML in apoptosis, senescence, or metabolism. PML is both a sensor and an effector of oxidative stress. Emerging data has demonstrated its key role in promoting therapy response in several hematological malignancies. While these membrane-less nuclear hubs can enforce efficient cancer cell clearance, their downstream pathways deserve better characterization. PML NBs are druggable and their known modulators may have broader clinical utilities than initially thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Rérolle
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U944, CNRS, GenCellDis, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U944, CNRS, GenCellDis, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Chaire d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
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2
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Shao X, Chen Y, Xu A, Xiang D, Wang W, Du W, Huang Y, Zhang X, Cai M, Xia Z, Wang Y, Cao J, Zhang Y, Yang B, He Q, Ying M. Deneddylation of PML/RARα reconstructs functional PML nuclear bodies via orchestrating phase separation to eradicate APL. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1654-1668. [PMID: 35194189 PMCID: PMC9345999 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is driven by the oncoprotein PML/RARα, which destroys the architecture of PML nuclear bodies (NBs). PML NBs are critical to tumor suppression, and their disruption mediated by PML/RARα accelerates APL pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms of PML NB disruption remain elusive. Here, we reveal that the failure of NB assembly in APL results from neddylation-induced aberrant phase separation of PML/RARα. Mechanistically, PML/RARα is neddylated in the RARα moiety, and this neddylation enhances its DNA-binding ability and further impedes the phase separation of the PML moiety, consequently disrupting PML NB construction. Accordingly, deneddylation of PML/RARα restores its phase separation process to reconstruct functional NBs and activates RARα signaling, thereby suppressing PML/RARα-driven leukemogenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of neddylation by MLN4924 eradicates APL cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our work elucidates the neddylation-destroyed phase separation mechanism for PML/RARα-driven NB disruption and highlights targeting neddylation for APL eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Shao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingqian Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Aixiao Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danyan Xiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenxin Du
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingya Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minyi Cai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhimei Xia
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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3
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Jurczyszak D, Manganaro L, Buta S, Gruber C, Martin-Fernandez M, Taft J, Patel RS, Cipolla M, Alshammary H, Mulder LCF, Sachidanandam R, Bogunovic D, Simon V. ISG15 deficiency restricts HIV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010405. [PMID: 35333911 PMCID: PMC8986114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a group of potent inflammatory and antiviral cytokines. They induce IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), which act as proinflammatory mediators, antiviral effectors, and negative regulators of the IFN-I signaling cascade itself. One such regulator is interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15). Humans with complete ISG15 deficiency express persistently elevated levels of ISGs, and consequently, exhibit broad spectrum resistance to viral infection. Here, we demonstrate that IFN-I primed fibroblasts derived from ISG15-deficient individuals are more resistant to infection with single-cycle HIV-1 compared to healthy control fibroblasts. Complementation with both wild-type (WT) ISG15 and ISG15ΔGG (incapable of ISGylation while retaining negative regulation activity) was sufficient to reverse this phenotype, restoring susceptibility to infection to levels comparable to WT cells. Furthermore, CRISPR-edited ISG15ko primary CD4+ T cells were less susceptible to HIV-1 infection compared to cells treated with non-targeting controls. Transcriptome analysis of these CRISPR-edited ISG15ko primary CD4+ T cells recapitulated the ISG signatures of ISG15 deficient patients. Taken together, we document that the increased broad-spectrum viral resistance in ISG15-deficiency also extends to HIV-1 and is driven by a combination of T-cell-specific ISGs, with both known and unknown functions, predicted to target HIV-1 replication at multiple steps. Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a group of potent inflammatory and antiviral agents. They induce IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), which perform downstream functions to resolve viral infection, mediate the inflammatory response, as well as negatively regulate the IFN-I signaling cascade to prevent hyperinflammation. One such negative regulator is interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15). Humans that lack ISG15 have chronic, low levels of antiviral ISGs, and ensuing broad-spectrum resistance to viral infection. We demonstrate that IFN-I priming of ISG15-deficient cells leads to superior resistance to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection compared to IFN-I primed healthy control cells. This is true for fibroblast cell lines, as well as primary CD4+ T cells, the main target of HIV-1. Analysis of the gene expression profiles show that ISG15-knockout CD4+ T cells express similar inflammatory markers as ISG15-deficient patients. Overall, we show that the broad-spectrum viral resistance in ISG15-deficiency extends to HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Jurczyszak
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Lara Manganaro
- INGM-Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Virology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of MIlan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofija Buta
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Conor Gruber
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Marta Martin-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Justin Taft
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Roosheel S. Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa Cipolla
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Hala Alshammary
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Lubbertus C. F. Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DB); (VS)
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DB); (VS)
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4
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Mirzalieva O, Juncker M, Schwartzenburg J, Desai S. ISG15 and ISGylation in Human Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030538. [PMID: 35159348 PMCID: PMC8834048 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of >500 genes, which are collectively called ISGs (IFN-stimulated genes). One of the earliest ISGs induced by IFNs is ISG15 (Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15). Free ISG15 protein synthesized from the ISG15 gene is post-translationally conjugated to cellular proteins and is also secreted by cells into the extracellular milieu. ISG15 comprises two ubiquitin-like domains (UBL1 and UBL2), each of which bears a striking similarity to ubiquitin, accounting for its earlier name ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP). Like ubiquitin, ISG15 harbors a characteristic β-grasp fold in both UBL domains. UBL2 domain has a conserved C-terminal Gly-Gly motif through which cellular proteins are appended via an enzymatic cascade similar to ubiquitylation called ISGylation. ISG15 protein is minimally expressed under physiological conditions. However, its IFN-dependent expression is aberrantly elevated or compromised in various human diseases, including multiple types of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), inflammatory diseases (Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD), bacteriopathy and viropathy), and in the lumbar spinal cords of veterans exposed to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). ISG15 and ISGylation have both inhibitory and/or stimulatory roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of human diseases. Thus, ISG15 is considered a “double-edged sword” for human diseases in which its expression is elevated. Because of the roles of ISG15 and ISGylation in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis, conferring anti-cancer drug sensitivity to tumor cells, and its elevated expression in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and veterans exposed to TBI, both ISG15 and ISGylation are now considered diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these ailments. In the current review, we shall cover the exciting journey of ISG15, spanning three decades from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shyamal Desai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-568-4388; Fax: +1-504-568-2093
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5
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Related Proteins Modified by Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010514. [PMID: 35008940 PMCID: PMC8745615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common form of an acute leukemia, is a malignant disorder of stem cell precursors of the myeloid lineage. Ubiquitination is one of the post-translational modifications (PTMs), and the ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls; SUMO, NEDD8, and ISG15) play a critical role in various cellular processes, including autophagy, cell-cycle control, DNA repair, signal transduction, and transcription. Also, the importance of Ubls in AML is increasing, with the growing research defining the effect of Ubls in AML. Numerous studies have actively reported that AML-related mutated proteins are linked to Ub and Ubls. The current review discusses the roles of proteins associated with protein ubiquitination, modifications by Ubls in AML, and substrates that can be applied for therapeutic targets in AML.
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6
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Lei H, Wang J, Hu J, Zhu Q, Wu Y. Deubiquitinases in hematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2021; 9:66. [PMID: 34454635 PMCID: PMC8401176 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are enzymes that control the stability, interactions or localization of most cellular proteins by removing their ubiquitin modification. In recent years, some DUBs, such as USP7, USP9X and USP10, have been identified as promising therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies. Importantly, some potent inhibitors targeting the oncogenic DUBs have been developed, showing promising inhibitory efficacy in preclinical models, and some have even undergone clinical trials. Different DUBs perform distinct function in diverse hematological malignancies, such as oncogenic, tumor suppressor or context-dependent effects. Therefore, exploring the biological roles of DUBs and their downstream effectors will provide new insights and therapeutic targets for the occurrence and development of hematological malignancies. We summarize the DUBs involved in different categories of hematological malignancies including leukemia, multiple myeloma and lymphoma. We also present the recent development of DUB inhibitors and their applications in hematological malignancies. Together, we demonstrate DUBs as potential therapeutic drug targets in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lei
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiacheng Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yingli Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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7
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Chelbi-Alix MK, Thibault P. Crosstalk Between SUMO and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins: Implication for Antiviral Defense. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671067. [PMID: 33968942 PMCID: PMC8097047 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) is a crucial first line of defense against viral infection. This cytokine induces the expression of several IFN-Stimulated Genes (ISGs), some of which act as restriction factors. Upon IFN stimulation, cells also express ISG15 and SUMO, two key ubiquitin-like (Ubl) modifiers that play important roles in the antiviral response. IFN itself increases the global cellular SUMOylation in a PML-dependent manner. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics enables the large-scale identification of Ubl protein conjugates to determine the sites of modification and the quantitative changes in protein abundance. Importantly, a key difference amongst SUMO paralogs is the ability of SUMO2/3 to form poly-SUMO chains that recruit SUMO ubiquitin ligases such RING finger protein RNF4 and RNF111, thus resulting in the proteasomal degradation of conjugated substrates. Crosstalk between poly-SUMOylation and ISG15 has been reported recently, where increased poly-SUMOylation in response to IFN enhances IFN-induced ISGylation, stabilizes several ISG products in a TRIM25-dependent fashion, and results in enhanced IFN-induced antiviral activities. This contribution will highlight the relevance of the global SUMO proteome and the crosstalk between SUMO, ubiquitin and ISG15 in controlling both the stability and function of specific restriction factors that mediate IFN antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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8
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Zhao M, Wang J, Qu M, Zhao Y, Wang H, Ke Y, Liu Y, Lei ZN, Liu HM, Hu Z, Wei L, Chen ZS. OGP46 Induces Differentiation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells via Different Optimal Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652972. [PMID: 33748146 PMCID: PMC7969801 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is characterized by blockage of cell differentiation leading to the accumulation of immature cells, which is the most prevalent form of acute leukemia in adults. It is well known that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) are the preferred drugs for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, they can lead to irreversible resistance which may be responsible for clinical failure after complete remission (CR). Moreover, the differentiation therapy of ATRA-based treatment has not been effective against AML with t(8;21) translocation. Here we aimed to identify the differentiation effect of OGP46 on AML cell lines (HL-60, NB4, and Kasumi-1) and explore its possible mechanisms. We found that OGP46 has significant inhibitory activity against these cells by triggering cell differentiation with cell-cycle exit at G1/G0 and inhibited the colony-formation capacity of the AML cells. It was shown that OGP46 induced the differentiation of NB4 cells via the transcriptional misregulation in cancer signaling pathway by PML-RARα depletion, while it was attributed to the hematopoietic cell lineage and phagosome pathway in Kasumi-1 cells, which are all critical pathways in cell differentiation. These results highlight that OGP46 is an active agent not only in the APL cell line NB4 but also in AML-M2 cell lines, especially Kasumi-1 with t(8;21) translocation. Therefore, OGP46 may be a potential compound for surmounting the differentiation blockage in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Mei Qu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States.,School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenbo Hu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Liuya Wei
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, United States
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9
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Liu X, Lu Y, Chen Z, Liu X, Hu W, Zheng L, Chen Y, Kurie JM, Shi M, Mustachio LM, Adresson T, Fox S, Roszik J, Kawakami M, Freemantle SJ, Dmitrovsky E. The Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase USP18 Promotes Lipolysis, Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Lung Cancer Growth. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:667-677. [PMID: 33380466 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18), previously known as UBP43, is the IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) deconjugase. USP18 removes ISG15 from substrate proteins. This study reports that USP18-null mice (vs. wild-type mice) exhibited lower lipolysis rates, altered fat to body weight ratios, and cold sensitivity. USP18 is a regulator of lipid and fatty acid metabolism. Prior work established that USP18 promotes lung tumorigenesis. We sought to learn whether this occurs through altered lipid and fatty acid metabolism. Loss of USP18 repressed adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression; gain of USP18 expression upregulated ATGL in lung cancer cells. The E1-like ubiquitin activating enzyme promoted ISG15 conjugation of ATGL and destabilization. Immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that ISG15 covalently conjugates to ATGL. Protein expression of thermogenic regulators was examined in brown fat of USP18-null versus wild-type mice. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was repressed in USP18-null fat. Gain of USP18 expression augmented UCP1 protein via reduced ubiquitination. Gain of UCP1 expression in lung cancer cell lines enhanced cellular proliferation. UCP1 knockdown inhibited proliferation. Beta-hydroxybutyrate colorimetric assays performed after gain of UCP1 expression revealed increased cellular fatty acid beta-oxidation, augmenting fatty acid beta-oxidation in Seahorse assays. Combined USP18, ATGL, and UCP1 profiles were interrogated in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Intriguingly, lung cancers with increased USP18, ATGL, and UCP1 expression had an unfavorable survival. These findings reveal that USP18 is a pharmacologic target that controls fatty acid metabolism. IMPLICATIONS: USP18 is an antineoplastic target that affects lung cancer fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Zibo Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mi Shi
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thorkell Adresson
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Stephen Fox
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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10
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Sandy Z, da Costa IC, Schmidt CK. More than Meets the ISG15: Emerging Roles in the DNA Damage Response and Beyond. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1557. [PMID: 33203188 PMCID: PMC7698331 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability is a crucial priority for any organism. To meet this priority, robust signalling networks exist to facilitate error-free DNA replication and repair. These signalling cascades are subject to various regulatory post-translational modifications that range from simple additions of chemical moieties to the conjugation of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs). Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) is one such UBL. While classically thought of as a component of antiviral immunity, ISG15 has recently emerged as a regulator of genome stability, with key roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) to modulate p53 signalling and error-free DNA replication. Additional proteomic analyses and cancer-focused studies hint at wider-reaching, uncharacterised functions for ISG15 in genome stability. We review these recent discoveries and highlight future perspectives to increase our understanding of this multifaceted UBL in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine K. Schmidt
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK; (Z.S.); (I.C.d.C.)
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11
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Orfali N, Shan-Krauer D, O'Donovan TR, Mongan NP, Gudas LJ, Cahill MR, Tschan MP, McKenna SL. Inhibition of UBE2L6 attenuates ISGylation and impedes ATRA-induced differentiation of leukemic cells. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1297-1309. [PMID: 31820845 PMCID: PMC7266268 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin/ISG15‐conjugating enzyme E2L6 (UBE2L6) is a critical enzyme in ISGylation, a post‐translational protein modification that conjugates the ubiquitin‐like modifier, interferon‐stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), to target substrates. Previous gene expression studies in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells showed that all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) altered the expression of many genes, including UBE2L6 (200‐fold) and other members of the ISGylation pathway. Through gene expression analyses in a cohort of 98 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples and in primary neutrophils from healthy donors, we found that UBE2L6 gene expression is reduced in primary AML cells compared with normal mature granulocytes. To assess whether UBE2L6 expression is important for leukemic cell differentiation—two cell line models were employed: the human APL cell line NB4 and its ATRA‐resistant NB4R counterpart, as well as the ATRA‐sensitive human AML HL60 cells along with their ATRA‐resistant subclone—HL60R. ATRA strongly induced UBE2L6 in NB4 APL cells and in ATRA‐sensitive HL60 AML cells, but not in the ATRA‐resistant NB4R and HL60R cells. Furthermore, short hairpin (sh)RNA‐mediated UBE2L6 depletion in NB4 cells impeded ATRA‐mediated differentiation, suggesting a functional role for UBE2L6 in leukemic cell differentiation. In addition, ATRA induced ISG15 gene expression in NB4 APL cells, leading to increased levels of both free ISG15 protein and ISG15 conjugates. UBE2L6 depletion attenuated ATRA‐induced ISG15 conjugation. Knockdown of ISG15 in NB4 APL cells inhibited ISGylation and also attenuated ATRA‐induced differentiation. In summary, we demonstrate the functional importance of UBE2L6 in ATRA‐induced neutrophil differentiation of APL cells and propose that this may be mediated by its catalytic role in ISGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Orfali
- Cork Cancer Research Centre & Cancer Research at UCC, University College Cork, Ireland.,Department of Hematology, Cork University Hospital, Ireland.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Shan-Krauer
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tracey R O'Donovan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre & Cancer Research at UCC, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary R Cahill
- Cork Cancer Research Centre & Cancer Research at UCC, University College Cork, Ireland.,Department of Hematology, Cork University Hospital, Ireland
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sharon L McKenna
- Cork Cancer Research Centre & Cancer Research at UCC, University College Cork, Ireland
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12
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Abstract
The host response to viral infection includes the induction of type I interferons and the subsequent upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes. Ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 is an interferon-induced protein that has been implicated as a central player in the host antiviral response. Over the past 15 years, efforts to understand how ISG15 protects the host during infection have revealed that its actions are diverse and pathogen-dependent. In this Review, we describe new insights into how ISG15 directly inhibits viral replication and discuss the recent finding that ISG15 modulates the host damage and repair response, immune response and other host signalling pathways. We also explore the viral immune-evasion strategies that counteract the actions of ISG15. These findings are integrated with a discussion of the recent identification of ISG15-deficient individuals and a cellular receptor for ISG15 that provides new insights into how ISG15 shapes the host response to viral infection. Ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 is an interferon-induced protein that has been implicated as a central player in the host antiviral response. In this Review, Perng and Lenschow provide new insights into how ISG15 restricts and shapes the host response to viral infection and the viral immune-evasion strategies that counteract ISG15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chieh Perng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah J Lenschow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Mustachio LM, Kawakami M, Lu Y, Rodriguez-Canales J, Mino B, Behrens C, Wistuba I, Bota-Rabassedas N, Yu J, Lee JJ, Roszik J, Zheng L, Liu X, Freemantle SJ, Dmitrovsky E. The ISG15-specific protease USP18 regulates stability of PTEN. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3-14. [PMID: 27980214 PMCID: PMC5352120 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-like modifier interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is implicated in both oncogenic and tumor suppressive programs. Yet, few ISGylation substrates are known and functionally validated in cancer biology. We previously found specific oncoproteins were substrates of ISGylation and were stabilized by the ISG15-specific deubiquitinase (DUB) ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18). Using reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPAs), this study reports that engineered loss of the DUB USP18 destabilized the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) in both murine and human lung cancer cell lines. In contrast, engineered gain of USP18 expression in these same lung cancer cell lines stabilized PTEN protein. Using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX), USP18 knockdown was shown to destabilize PTEN whereas USP18 overexpression stabilized PTEN protein. Interestingly, repression of USP18 decreased cytoplasmic PTEN relative to nuclear PTEN protein levels. We sought to identify mechanisms engaged in this PTEN protein destabilization using immunoprecipitation assays and found ISG15 directly conjugated with PTEN. To confirm translational relevance of this work, USP18 and PTEN immunohistochemical expression were compared in comprehensive lung cancer arrays. There was a significant (P < 0.0001) positive correlation and association between PTEN and USP18 protein expression profiles in human lung cancers. Taken together, this study identified PTEN as a previously unrecognized substrate of the ISGylation post-translational modification pathway. The deconjugase USP18 serves as a novel regulator of PTEN stability. This indicates inhibition of ISGylation is therapeutically relevant in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neus Bota-Rabassedas
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Hsu KS, Kao HY. PML: Regulation and multifaceted function beyond tumor suppression. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:5. [PMID: 29416846 PMCID: PMC5785837 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) was originally identified as a fusion partner of retinoic acid receptor alpha in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with the (15;17) chromosomal translocation, giving rise to PML–RARα and RARα–PML fusion proteins. A body of evidence indicated that PML possesses tumor suppressing activity by regulating apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence and DNA damage responses. PML is enriched in discrete nuclear substructures in mammalian cells with 0.2–1 μm diameter in size, referred to as alternately Kremer bodies, nuclear domain 10, PML oncogenic domains or PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Dysregulation of PML NB formation results in altered transcriptional regulation, protein modification, apoptosis and cellular senescence. In addition to PML NBs, PML is also present in nucleoplasm and cytoplasmic compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria-associated membranes. The role of PML in tumor suppression has been extensively studied but increasing evidence indicates that PML also plays versatile roles in stem cell renewal, metabolism, inflammatory responses, neural function, mammary development and angiogenesis. In this review, we will briefly describe the known PML regulation and function and include new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Sheng Hsu
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.,Present Address: Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.,The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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15
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Mustachio LM, Lu Y, Kawakami M, Roszik J, Freemantle SJ, Liu X, Dmitrovsky E. Evidence for the ISG15-Specific Deubiquitinase USP18 as an Antineoplastic Target. Cancer Res 2018; 78:587-592. [PMID: 29343520 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like posttranslational modifications (PTM) regulate activity and stability of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. This implicates PTMs as antineoplastic targets. One way to alter PTMs is to inhibit activity of deubiquitinases (DUB) that remove ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins from substrate proteins. Roles of DUBs in carcinogenesis have been intensively studied, yet few inhibitors exist. Prior work provides a basis for the ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) as an antineoplastic target. USP18 is the major DUB that removes IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) from conjugated proteins. Prior work discovered that engineered loss of USP18 increases ISGylation and in contrast to its gain decreases cancer growth by destabilizing growth-regulatory proteins. Loss of USP18 reduced cancer cell growth by triggering apoptosis. Genetic loss of USP18 repressed cancer formation in engineered murine lung cancer models. The translational relevance of USP18 was confirmed by finding its expression was deregulated in malignant versus normal tissues. Notably, the recent elucidation of the USP18 crystal structure offers a framework for developing an inhibitor to this DUB. This review summarizes strong evidence for USP18 as a previously unrecognized pharmacologic target in oncology. Cancer Res; 78(3); 587-92. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Illinois
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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16
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Mustachio LM, Lu Y, Tafe LJ, Memoli V, Rodriguez-Canales J, Mino B, Villalobos PA, Wistuba I, Katayama H, Hanash SM, Roszik J, Kawakami M, Cho KJ, Hancock JF, Chinyengetere F, Hu S, Liu X, Freemantle SJ, Dmitrovsky E. Deubiquitinase USP18 Loss Mislocalizes and Destabilizes KRAS in Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:905-914. [PMID: 28242811 PMCID: PMC5635999 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is frequently mutated in lung cancers and is associated with aggressive biology and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, innovative approaches are needed to treat these lung cancers. Prior work implicated the IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) deubiquitinase (DUB) USP18 as having antineoplastic activity by regulating lung cancer growth and oncoprotein stability. This study demonstrates that USP18 affects the stability of the KRAS oncoprotein. Interestingly, loss of USP18 reduced KRAS expression, and engineered gain of USP18 expression increased KRAS protein levels in lung cancer cells. Using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, USP18 knockdown significantly reduced the half-life of KRAS, but gain of USP18 expression significantly increased its stability. Intriguingly, loss of USP18 altered KRAS subcellular localization by mislocalizing KRAS from the plasma membrane. To explore the biologic consequences, immunohistochemical (IHC) expression profiles of USP18 were compared in lung cancers of KrasLA2/+ versus cyclin E engineered mouse models. USP18 expression was higher in Kras-driven murine lung cancers, indicating a link between KRAS and USP18 expression in vivo To solidify this association, loss of Usp18 in KrasLA2/+ /Usp18-/- mice was found to significantly reduce lung cancers as compared with parental KrasLA2/+ mice. Finally, translational relevance was confirmed in a human lung cancer panel by showing that USP18 IHC expression was significantly higher in KRAS-mutant versus wild-type lung adenocarcinomas.Implications: Taken together, this study highlights a new way to combat the oncogenic consequences of activated KRAS in lung cancer by inhibiting the DUB USP18. Mol Cancer Res; 15(7); 905-14. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Laura J Tafe
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Vincent Memoli
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pamela Andrea Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kwang-Jin Cho
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - John F Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Fadzai Chinyengetere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Shanhu Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah J Freemantle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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17
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Positive feedback regulation of p53 transactivity by DNA damage-induced ISG15 modification. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12513. [PMID: 27545325 PMCID: PMC4996943 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 plays a pivotal role in tumour suppression under stresses, such as DNA damage. ISG15 has been implicated in the control of tumorigenesis. Intriguingly, the expression of ISG15, UBE1L and UBCH8 is induced by DNA-damaging agents, such as ultraviolet and doxorubicin, which are known to induce p53. Here, we show that the genes encoding ISG15, UBE1L, UBCH8 and EFP, have the p53-responsive elements and their expression is induced in a p53-dependent fashion under DNA damage conditions. Furthermore, DNA damage induces ISG15 conjugation to p53 and this modification markedly enhances the binding of p53 to the promoters of its target genes (for example, CDKN1 and BAX) as well as of its own gene by promoting phosphorylation and acetylation, leading to suppression of cell growth and tumorigenesis. These findings establish a novel feedback circuit between p53 and ISG15-conjugating system for positive regulation of the tumour suppressive function of p53 under DNA damage conditions. The ‘genome guardian' p53 has a well-established role in suppressing tumour development after DNA damage. Here the authors show that expression of the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 is regulated by p53 which in turn is modified by ISG15 to enhance binding to target gene promoters.
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18
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Mi JQ, Chen SJ, Zhou GB, Yan XJ, Chen Z. Synergistic targeted therapy for acute promyelocytic leukaemia: a model of translational research in human cancer. J Intern Med 2015; 278:627-42. [PMID: 26058416 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), the M3 subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia, was once a lethal disease, yet nowadays the majority of patients with APL can be successfully cured by molecularly targeted therapy. This dramatic improvement in the survival rate is an example of the advantage of modern medicine. APL is characterized by a balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocation fusing the promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) gene on chromosome 15 with the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) gene on chromosome 17. It has been found that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) or arsenic trioxide (ATO) alone exerts therapeutic effect on APL patients with the PML-RARα fusion gene, and the combination of both drugs can act synergistically to further enhance the cure rate of the patients. Here, we provide an insight into the pathogenesis of APL and the mechanisms underlying the respective roles of ATRA and ATO. In addition, treatments that lead to more effective differentiation and apoptosis of APL cells, including leukaemia-initiating cells, and more thorough eradication of the disease will be discussed. Moreover, as a model of translational research, the development of a cure for APL has followed a bidirectional approach of 'bench to bedside' and 'bedside to bench', which can serve as a valuable example for the diagnosis and treatment of other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Q Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics and Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Pôle Sino-Français des Sciences du Vivant et Genomique, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S-J Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics and Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Pôle Sino-Français des Sciences du Vivant et Genomique, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G-B Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X-J Yan
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Z Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics and Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Pôle Sino-Français des Sciences du Vivant et Genomique, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Abstract
Topoisomerase IIα is a nuclear enzyme that alters DNA topology. It is a well-known anticancer target and related to cell differentiation status. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an important active metabolite of vitamin A, is a promising anticancer agent in numerous malignancies. However, there are little data on the effect of retinoids on topoisomerase IIα regulation. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between ATRA and topoisomerase IIα, and the potential mechanisms of ATRA on topoisomerase IIα regulation. In several human carcinoma cell lines, ATRA was shown to suppress topoisomerase IIα protein, but not mRNA expression. ATRA induced the degradation of topoisomerase IIα through the proteasome pathway, but not the lysosome pathway. Ubiquitination was involved in this degradation. Western blot and immunocytochemistry proved that ATRA-induced topoisomerase IIα repression occurred only in the cell nuclei. ATRA not only influenced the cycle procession but also reduced the expression of cyclin D1. Cyclin D1, which is involved in cell differentiation, was regulated by topoisomerase IIα. Similar to cyclin D1, knockdown of topoisomerase IIα resulted in the increased differentiation of the cells, which was in contrast to the overexpression of topoisomerase IIα in the cells. Taken together, these data suggested that ATRA could target topoisomerase IIα and exert potential beneficial effects on cell differentiation.
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Zhou T, Zhang Y, Wu P, Sun Q, Guo Y, Yang Y. Potential biomarkers and latent pathways for vasculitis based on latent pathway identification analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 17:671-8. [PMID: 24867262 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular; Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University; Jinan Shandong Province China
| | - Peng Wu
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
| | - Qiang Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
| | - Yanan Guo
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan Shandong Province China
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21
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Nichol JN, Garnier N, Miller WH. Triple A therapy: the molecular underpinnings of the unique sensitivity of leukemic promyelocytes to anthracyclines, all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2014; 27:19-31. [PMID: 24907014 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
If looking for a mnemonic to remember the relevant facts about acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), one just has to remember that APL is a disease of A's. It is acute and it is highly sensitive to treatment with anthracyclines, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). The presence of fusions involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) is without question the central player driving APL and dictating the response of this disease to these therapeutic agents. However, beyond this knowledge, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the complicated pathogenesis and the response to treatment of APL are not completely defined. As more is understood about this hematological malignancy, there are more opportunities to refine and improve treatment based on this knowledge. In this review article, we discuss the response of APL to these "A" therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Nichol
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Comprehensive Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Garnier
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Comprehensive Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Comprehensive Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
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22
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Jiang AP, Zhou DH, Meng XL, Zhang AP, Zhang C, Li XT, Feng Q. Down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor by curcumin-induced UBE1L in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 25:241-9. [PMID: 24445050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UBE1L, ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1-like, is the activating enzyme of ISG15ylation (ISG15, interferon stimulated gene 15). Loss of UBE1L and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling are common events in lung carcinogenesis. Curcumin, a well-studied chemopreventive agent, is known to down-regulate EGFR. The present study demonstrated that curcumin decreased EGFR expression in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) Beas-2B cells and lung cancer A549 cells. For the first time, UBE1L was found to be induced by curcumin in HBE cells. Interestingly, overexpression of UBE1L reduced EGFR at posttranslational level in HBE cells. UBE1L triggered EGFR membrane internalization and promoted complex formation between ISG15 and EGFR. Curcumin decreased EGFR downstream signaling pAKT and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Overexpression or knockdown of UBE1L also resulted in down-regulation or up-regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/NF-κB correspondently. In human samples, there was an inverse relationship between UBE1L and EGFR/AKT/NF-κB in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. These results uncover a novel chemopreventive mechanism of curcumin in inducing UBE1L and down-regulating EGFR signaling in HBE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Pei Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dong-Hu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xu-Lian Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ai-Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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23
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Campbell JA, Lenschow DJ. Emerging roles for immunomodulatory functions of free ISG15. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:728-38. [PMID: 24010825 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) exert their effects through the induction of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), many of which function by inhibiting viral replication and modulating immune responses. ISG15, a di-ubiquitin-like protein, is one of the most abundantly induced ISGs and is critical for control of certain viral and bacterial infections. Like ubiquitin, ISG15 is covalently conjugated to target proteins. In addition, free unconjugated ISG15 is present both intra- and extracellularly. Although much remains to be learned about conjugated ISG15, even less is known about the 2 free forms of ISG15. This article focuses on the role that ISG15 plays during the host response to pathogen challenge, in particular on the recent observations describing the immunomodulatory properties of free ISG15 and its potential implication in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
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24
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25
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Cheng X, Kao HY. Post-translational modifications of PML: consequences and implications. Front Oncol 2013; 2:210. [PMID: 23316480 PMCID: PMC3539660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) predominantly resides in a structurally distinct sub-nuclear domain called PML nuclear bodies. Emerging evidences indicated that PML actively participates in many aspects of cellular processes, but the molecular mechanisms underlying PML regulation in response to stress and environmental cues are not complete. Post-translational modifications, such as SUMOylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination of PML add a complex layer of regulation to the physiological function of PML. In this review, we discuss the fast-moving horizon of post-translational modifications targeting PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospital of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospital of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
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26
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Schmitz ML, Grishina I. Regulation of the tumor suppressor PML by sequential post-translational modifications. Front Oncol 2012; 2:204. [PMID: 23293771 PMCID: PMC3533183 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate multiple biological functions of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein and also the fission, disassembly, and rebuilding of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) during the cell cycle. Pathway-specific PML modification patterns ensure proper signal output from PML-NBs that suit the specific functional requirements. Here we comprehensively review the signaling pathways and enzymes that modify PML and also the oncogenic PML-RARα fusion protein. Many PTMs occur in a hierarchical and timely organized fashion. Phosphorylation or acetylation constitutes typical starting points for many PML modifying events, while degradative ubiquitination is an irreversible end point of the modification cascade. As this hierarchical organization of PTMs frequently turns phosphorylation events as primordial events, kinases or phosphatases regulating PML phosphorylation may be interesting drug targets to manipulate the downstream modifications and thus the stability and function of PML or PML-RARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lienhard Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, German Center for Lung Research Giessen, Germany
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27
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Basters A, Ketscher L, Deuerling E, Arkona C, Rademann J, Knobeloch KP, Fritz G. High yield expression of catalytically active USP18 (UBP43) using a Trigger Factor fusion system. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:56. [PMID: 22916876 PMCID: PMC3478164 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Covalent linkage of the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 interferes with viral infection and USP18 is the major protease which specifically removes ISG15 from target proteins. Thus, boosting ISG15 modification by protease inhibition of USP18 might represent a new strategy to interfere with viral replication. However, so far no heterologous expression system was available to yield sufficient amounts of catalytically active protein for high-throughput based inhibitor screens. Results High-level heterologous expression of USP18 was achieved by applying a chaperone-based fusion system in E. coli. Pure protein was obtained in a single-step on IMAC via a His6-tag. The USP18 fusion protein exhibited enzymatic activity towards cell derived ISG15 conjugated substrates and efficiently hydrolyzed ISG15-AMC. Specificity towards ISG15 was shown by covalent adduct formation with ISG15 vinyl sulfone but not with ubiquitin vinyl sulfone. Conclusion The results presented here show that a chaperone fusion system can provide high yields of proteins that are difficult to express. The USP18 protein obtained here is suited to setup high-throughput small molecule inhibitor screens and forms the basis for detailed biochemical and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Basters
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Jeon YJ, Jo MG, Yoo HM, Hong SH, Park JM, Ka SH, Oh KH, Seol JH, Jung YK, Chung CH. Chemosensitivity is controlled by p63 modification with ubiquitin-like protein ISG15. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2622-36. [PMID: 22706304 DOI: 10.1172/jci61762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the cellular mechanisms that mediate cancer cell chemosensitivity is important for developing new cancer treatment strategies. Several chemotherapeutic drugs increase levels of the posttranslational modifier ISG15, which suggests that ISGylation could suppress oncogenesis. However, how ISGylation of specific target proteins controls tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we identified proteins that are ISGylated in response to chemotherapy. Treatment of a human mammary epithelial cell line with doxorubicin resulted in ISGylation of the p53 family protein p63. An alternative splice variant of p63, ΔNp63α, suppressed the transactivity of other p53 family members, and its expression was abnormally elevated in various human epithelial tumors, suggestive of an oncogenic role for this variant. We showed that ISGylation played an essential role in the downregulation of ΔNp63α. Anticancer drugs, including doxorubicin, induced ΔNp63α ISGylation and caspase-2 activation, leading to cleavage of ISGylated ΔNp63α in the nucleus and subsequent release of its inhibitory domain to the cytoplasm. ISGylation ablated the ability of ΔNp63α to promote anchorage-independent cell growth and tumor formation in vivo as well to suppress the transactivities of proapoptotic p53 family members. These findings establish ISG15 as a tumor suppressor via its conjugation to ΔNp63α and provide a molecular rationale for therapeutic use of doxorubicin against ΔNp63α-mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Jeon
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Bade VN, Nickels J, Keusekotten K, Praefcke GJK. Covalent protein modification with ISG15 via a conserved cysteine in the hinge region. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38294. [PMID: 22693631 PMCID: PMC3367918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 (interferon-stimulated gene of 15 kDa) is strongly induced by type I interferons and displays antiviral activity. As other ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls), ISG15 is post-translationally conjugated to substrate proteins by an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ISG15 and the side chains of lysine residues in the substrates (ISGylation). ISG15 consists of two ubiquitin-like domains that are separated by a hinge region. In many orthologs, this region contains a single highly reactive cysteine residue. Several hundred potential substrates for ISGylation have been identified but only a few of them have been rigorously verified. In order to investigate the modification of several ISG15 substrates, we have purified ISG15 conjugates from cell extracts by metal-chelate affinity purification and immunoprecipitations. We found that the levels of proteins modified by human ISG15 can be decreased by the addition of reducing agents. With the help of thiol blocking reagents, a mutational analysis and miRNA mediated knock-down of ISG15 expression, we revealed that this modification occurs in living cells via a disulphide bridge between the substrates and Cys78 in the hinge region of ISG15. While the ISG15 activating enzyme UBE1L is conjugated by ISG15 in the classical way, we show that the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ubc13 can either be classically conjugated by ISG15 or can form a disulphide bridge with ISG15 at the active site cysteine 87. The latter modification would interfere with its function as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme. However, we found no evidence for an ISG15 modification of the dynamin-like GTPases MxA and hGBP1. These findings indicate that the analysis of potential substrates for ISG15 conjugation must be performed with great care to distinguish between the two types of modification since many assays such as immunoprecipitation or metal-chelate affinity purification are performed with little or no reducing agent present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika N. Bade
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen Nickels
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirstin Keusekotten
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerrit J. K. Praefcke
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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PMLRARα binds to Fas and suppresses Fas-mediated apoptosis through recruiting c-FLIP in vivo. Blood 2011; 118:3107-18. [PMID: 21803845 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-04-349670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective Fas signaling leads to resistance to various anticancer therapies. Presence of potential inhibitors of Fas which could block Fas signaling can explain cancer cells resistance to apoptosis. We identified promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) as a Fas-interacting protein using mass spectrometry analysis. The function of PML is blocked by its dominant-negative form PML-retinoic acid receptor α (PMLRARα). We found PMLRARα interaction with Fas in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived cells and APL primary cells, and PML-Fas complexes in normal tissues. Binding of PMLRARα to Fas was mapped to the B-box domain of PML moiety and death domain of Fas. PMLRARα blockage of Fas apoptosis was demonstrated in U937/PR9 cells, human APL cells and transgenic mouse APL cells, in which PMLRARα recruited c-FLIP(L/S) and excluded procaspase 8 from Fas death signaling complex. PMLRARα expression in mice protected the mice against a lethal dose of agonistic anti-Fas antibody (P < .001) and the protected tissues contained Fas-PMLRARα-cFLIP complexes. Taken together, PMLRARα binds to Fas and blocks Fas-mediated apoptosis in APL by forming an apoptotic inhibitory complex with c-FLIP. The presence of PML-Fas complexes across different tissues implicates that PML functions in apoptosis regulation and tumor suppression are mediated by direct interaction with Fas.
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31
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Geoffroy MC, Chelbi-Alix MK. Role of promyelocytic leukemia protein in host antiviral defense. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:145-58. [PMID: 21198351 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pathways have been implicated in the establishment of antiviral state in response to interferon (IFN), one of which implicates the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein. The PML gene has been discovered 20 years ago and has led to new insights into oncogenesis, apoptosis, cell senescence, and antiviral defense. PML is induced by IFN, leading to a marked increase of expression of PML isoforms and the number of PML nuclear bodies (NBs). PML is the organizer of the NBs that contains at least 2 permanent NB-associated proteins, the IFN-stimulated gene product Speckled protein of 100 kDa (Sp100) and death-associated dead protein (Daxx), as well as numerous other transient proteins recruited in these structures in response to different stimuli. Accumulating reports have implicated PML in host antiviral defense and revealed various strategies developed by viruses to disrupt PML NBs. This review will focus on the regulation of PML and the implication of PML NBs in conferring resistance to DNA and RNA viruses. The role of PML in mediating an IFN-induced antiviral state will also be discussed.
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Zhang D, Zhang DE. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 and the protein ISGylation system. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 31:119-30. [PMID: 21190487 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is one of the most upregulated genes upon Type I interferon treatment or pathogen infection. Its 17 kDa protein product, ISG15, was the first ubiquitin-like modifier identified, and is similar to a ubiquitin linear dimer. As ISG15 modifies proteins in a similar manner to ubiquitylation, protein conjugation by ISG15 is termed ISGylation. Some of the primary enzymes that promote ISGylation are also involved in ubiquitin conjugation. The process to remove ISG15 from its conjugated proteins, termed de-ISGylation, is performed by a cellular ISG15-specific protease, ubiquitin-specific proteases with molecular mass 43 kDa (UBP43)/ubiquitin-specific proteases 18. Relative to ubiquitin, the biological function of ISG15 is still poorly understood, but ISG15 appears to play important roles in various biological and cellular functions. Therefore, there is growing interest in ISG15, as the study of free ISG15 and functional consequences of ISGylation/de-ISGylation may identify useful therapeutic targets. This review highlights recent discoveries and remaining questions important to understanding the biological functions of ISG15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Zhang
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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33
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Wu YL, Zhou HC, Chen GQ. Molecular mechanisms of leukemia-associated protein degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:363-70. [PMID: 21104160 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-010-0210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical biology, using small molecules as probes to study the cellular signaling network, has developed rapidly in recent years. The interaction between chemistry and biology not only provides new insight into the understanding of cellular activities, but also generates new lead compounds for the treatment of diseases. Transcription factors and kinases such as retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARα), acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1), CAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), c-myc, and c-abl play important roles in the differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Abnormalities in these proteins may cause the dysregulation of hematopoiesis and even the occurrence of leukemia. Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation represents a critical mechanism in regulating the cellular levels and functions of these proteins. Thus, targeting protein degradation has been emerging as an important strategy to conquer malignant diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the roles of protein degradation in leukemia, with an emphasis on the mechanisms revealed by small molecules.
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MESH Headings
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha/genetics
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha/metabolism
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/physiopathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Ubiquitin/genetics
- Ubiquitin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Guo Y, Dolinko AV, Chinyengetere F, Stanton B, Bomberger JM, Demidenko E, Zhou DC, Gallagher R, Ma T, Galimberti F, Liu X, Sekula D, Freemantle S, Dmitrovsky E. Blockade of the ubiquitin protease UBP43 destabilizes transcription factor PML/RARα and inhibits the growth of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9875-85. [PMID: 20935222 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
More effective treatments for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are needed. APL cell treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) degrades the chimeric, dominant-negative-acting transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML)/RARα, which is generated in APL by chromosomal translocation. The E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UBE1L) associates with interferon-stimulated gene ISG15 that binds and represses PML/RARα protein. Ubiquitin protease UBP43/USP18 removes ISG15 from conjugated proteins. In this study, we explored how RA regulates UBP43 expression and the effects of UBP43 on PML/RARα stability and APL growth, apoptosis, or differentiation. RA treatment induced UBE1L, ISG15, and UBP43 expression in RA-sensitive but not RA-resistant APL cells. Similar in vivo findings were obtained in a transgenic mouse model of transplantable APL, and in the RA response of leukemic cells harvested directly from APL patients. UBP43 knockdown repressed PML/RARα protein levels and inhibited RA-sensitive or RA-resistant cell growth by destabilizing the PML domain of PML/RARα. This inhibitory effect promoted apoptosis but did not affect the RA differentiation response in these APL cells. In contrast, elevation of UBP43 expression stabilized PML/RARα protein and inhibited apoptosis. Taken together, our findings define the ubiquitin protease UBP43 as a novel candidate drug target for APL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Jeon YJ, Yoo HM, Chung CH. ISG15 and immune diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:485-96. [PMID: 20153823 PMCID: PMC7127291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ISG15, the product of interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15, is the first identified ubiquitin-like protein, consisting of two ubiquitin-like domains. ISG15 is synthesized as a precursor in certain mammals and, therefore, needs to be processed to expose the C-terminal glycine residue before conjugation to target proteins. A set of three-step cascade enzymes, an E1 enzyme (UBE1L), an E2 enzyme (UbcH8), and one of several E3 ligases (e.g., EFP and HERC5), catalyzes ISG15 conjugation (ISGylation) of a specific protein. These enzymes are unique among the cascade enzymes for ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like proteins in that all of them are induced by type I IFNs or other stimuli, such as exposure to viruses and lipopolysaccharide. Mass spectrometric analysis has led to the identification of several hundreds of candidate proteins that can be conjugated by ISG15. Some of them are type I IFN-induced proteins, such as PKR and RIG-I, and some are the key regulators that are involved in IFN signaling, such as JAK1 and STAT1, implicating the role of ISG15 and its conjugates in type I IFN-mediated innate immune responses. However, relatively little is known about the functional significance of ISG15 induction due to the lack of information on the consequences of its conjugation to target proteins. Here, we describe the recent progress made in exploring the biological function of ISG15 and its reversible modification of target proteins and thus in their implication in immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chin Ha Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
This chapter recapitulates our current knowledge about the functions of the interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) system in vivo with a specific focus on physiological aspects and the biological relevance of ISG15 conjugation and deconjugation. ISG15 contains two domains with structural similarity to ubiquitin and was the first ubiquitin like modifier (UBL) described. It can be conjugated to protein substrates in a process similar to ubiquitin modification termed ISGylation. Of all ubiquitin like modifications ISGylation exhibits the highest degree of interlace with the ubiquitin system and distinct ubiquitin ligases and isopeptidases can also mediate ISG15 linkage and deconjugation, respectively. The system is strongly induced by Type I interferons or microbial infections and studies based on gene targeted mice have shown that it plays an important role in antiviral defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Department of Neuropathology, University Freiburg, Breisacher Str.64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany,
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Reineke EL, Kao HY. PML: An emerging tumor suppressor and a target with therapeutic potential. CANCER THERAPY 2009; 7:219-226. [PMID: 19756257 PMCID: PMC2743178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Though originally discovered as a tumor suppressor in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL), the importance of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) in cancers of other origins has not been widely studied. Recent studies have shown that multiple types of cancers show decreased expression of PML protein, though the mechanisms leading to this down-regulation are unknown. Decreased expression of PML can result in loss of cell cycle control and prevention of apoptosis and is likely a key event in the promotion of oncogenesis. Many of these effects are due to changes in the transcriptional profile of the cell as a result of decreased size and number of PML nuclear bodies. Several mouse studies confirm the contribution of PML to oncogenesis and cancer progression. It is important to not only further define a role for PML as a tumor suppressor, but also to begin to develop strategies to target PML therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Correspondence: Hung-Ying Kao, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (CASE) the Comprehensive Cancer Center of CASE. 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA; Tel: (216)368-1150; Fax: (216)368-3419;
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Reineke EL, Kao HY. Targeting promyelocytic leukemia protein: a means to regulating PML nuclear bodies. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:366-76. [PMID: 19471587 PMCID: PMC2686094 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is involved in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, transcriptional regulation, viral infection, and apoptosis. These cellular activities often rely on the localization of PML to unique subnuclear structures known as PML nuclear bodies (NBs). More than 50 cellular proteins are known to traffic in and out of PML NBs, either transiently or constitutively. In order to understand the dynamics of these NBs, it is important to delineate the regulation of PML itself. PML is subject to extensive regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Many of these modes of regulation depend on the cellular context and the presence of extracellular signals. This review focuses on the current knowledge of regulation of PML under normal cellular conditions as well as the role for regulation of PML in viral infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Reineke
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and the Comprehensive Cancer Center of CWRU, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Feng Q, Sekula D, Guo Y, Liu X, Black CC, Galimberti F, Shah SJ, Sempere LF, Memoli V, Andersen JB, Hassel BA, Dragnev K, Dmitrovsky E. UBE1L causes lung cancer growth suppression by targeting cyclin D1. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 7:3780-8. [PMID: 19074853 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UBE1L is the E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme for the IFN-stimulated gene, 15-kDa protein (ISG15). The UBE1L-ISG15 pathway was proposed previously to target lung carcinogenesis by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression. This study extends prior work by reporting that UBE1L promotes a complex between ISG15 and cyclin D1 and inhibited cyclin D1 but not other G1 cyclins. Transfection of the UBE1L-ISG15 deconjugase, ubiquitin-specific protein 18 (UBP43), antagonized UBE1L-dependent inhibition of cyclin D1 and ISG15-cyclin D1 conjugation. A lysine-less cyclin D1 species was resistant to these effects. UBE1L transfection reduced cyclin D1 protein but not mRNA expression. Cycloheximide treatment augmented this cyclin D1 protein instability. UBE1L knockdown increased cyclin D1 protein. UBE1L was independently retrovirally transduced into human bronchial epithelial and lung cancer cells. This reduced cyclin D1 expression and clonal cell growth. Treatment with the retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene induced UBE1L and reduced cyclin D1 immunoblot expression. A proof-of-principle bexarotene clinical trial was independently examined for UBE1L, ISG15, cyclin D1, and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression profiles in pretreatment versus post-treatment tumor biopsies. Increased UBE1L with reduced cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression occurred in human lung cancer when a therapeutic bexarotene intratumoral level was achieved. Thus, a mechanism for UBE1L-mediated growth suppression was found by UBE1L-ISG15 preferentially inhibiting cyclin D1. Molecular therapeutic implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Remsen 7650, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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