1
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Ghosh D, Pryor B, Jiang N. Cellular signaling in glioblastoma: A molecular and clinical perspective. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:1-47. [PMID: 38782497 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with an average life expectancy of less than 15 months. Such high patient mortality in GBM is pertaining to the presence of clinical and molecular heterogeneity attributed to various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Such alterations in critically important signaling pathways are attributed to aberrant gene signaling. Different subclasses of GBM show predominance of different genetic alterations and therefore, understanding the complex signaling pathways and their key molecular components in different subclasses of GBM is extremely important with respect to clinical management. In this book chapter, we summarize the common and important signaling pathways that play a significant role in different subclasses and discuss their therapeutic targeting approaches in terms of preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Brett Pryor
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nancy Jiang
- Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
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2
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Kung CP, Weber JD. It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818744. [PMID: 35155432 PMCID: PMC8833255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumorigenic mechanisms mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, upon oncogenic stresses, are our bodies’ greatest weapons to battle against cancer onset and development. Consequently, factors that possess significant p53-regulating activities have been subjects of serious interest from the cancer research community. Among them, MDM2 and ARF are considered the most influential p53 regulators due to their abilities to inhibit and activate p53 functions, respectively. MDM2 inhibits p53 by promoting ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p53, while ARF activates p53 by physically interacting with MDM2 to block its access to p53. This conventional understanding of p53-MDM2-ARF functional triangle have guided the direction of p53 research, as well as the development of p53-based therapeutic strategies for the last 30 years. Our increasing knowledge of this triangle during this time, especially through identification of p53-independent functions of MDM2 and ARF, have uncovered many under-appreciated molecular mechanisms connecting these three proteins. Through recognizing both antagonizing and synergizing relationships among them, our consideration for harnessing these relationships to develop effective cancer therapies needs an update accordingly. In this review, we will re-visit the conventional wisdom regarding p53-MDM2-ARF tumor-regulating mechanisms, highlight impactful studies contributing to the modern look of their relationships, and summarize ongoing efforts to target this pathway for effective cancer treatments. A refreshed appreciation of p53-MDM2-ARF network can bring innovative approaches to develop new generations of genetically-informed and clinically-effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Pei Kung
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
| | - Jason D. Weber
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
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3
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Polaskova K, Merta T, Martincekova A, Zapletalova D, Kyr M, Mazanek P, Krenova Z, Mudry P, Jezova M, Tuma J, Skotakova J, Cervinkova I, Valik D, Zdrazilova-Dubska L, Noskova H, Pal K, Slaby O, Fabian P, Kozakova S, Neradil J, Veselska R, Kanderova V, Hrusak O, Freiberger T, Klement GL, Sterba J. Comprehensive Molecular Profiling for Relapsed/Refractory Pediatric Burkitt Lymphomas-Retrospective Analysis of Three Real-Life Clinical Cases-Addressing Issues on Randomization and Customization at the Bedside. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1531. [PMID: 32117783 PMCID: PMC7027364 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify reasons for treatment failures when using targeted therapies, we have analyzed the comprehensive molecular profiles of three relapsed, poor-prognosis Burkitt lymphoma cases. All three cases had resembling clinical presentation and histology and all three patients relapsed, but their outcomes differed significantly. The samples of their tumor tissue were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing, gene expression profiling, phosphoproteomic assays, and single-cell phosphoflow cytometry. These results explain different treatment responses of the three histologically identical but molecularly different tumors. Our findings support a personalized approach for patient with high risk, refractory, and rare diseases and may contribute to personalized and customized treatment efforts for patients with limited treatment options like relapsed/refractory Burkitt lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Polaskova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Merta
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alexandra Martincekova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Danica Zapletalova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michal Kyr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Mazanek
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Krenova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Peter Mudry
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marta Jezova
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jiri Tuma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jarmila Skotakova
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ivana Cervinkova
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dalibor Valik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Zdrazilova-Dubska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Noskova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Karol Pal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Fabian
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Sarka Kozakova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Neradil
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Renata Veselska
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Veronika Kanderova
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Hrusak
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Freiberger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Brno, Czechia
| | - Giannoula Lakka Klement
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,CSTS Health Care, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
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4
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Shimazui T, Yoshikawa K, Ishitsuka R, Kojima T, Kandori S, Yoshino T, Miyazaki J, Uchida K, Nishiyama H. Systemic transduction of p16 INK4a antitumor peptide inhibits lung metastasis of the MBT-2 bladder tumor cell line in mice. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:1203-1210. [PMID: 30655885 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
p16INK4a (p16) is a key molecule in bladder tumor (BT) development. We previously reported that a p16 antitumor peptide inhibited the growth of subcutaneous BT grafts in mice through restoration of p16 function using a Wr-T peptide transporter system. In the present study, the efficacy of mouse p16 peptide administration in a mouse lung metastasis model for BT and also the toxicity of peptides by cardiac peptide injection were evaluated. Mouse lung metastases were developed by tail vein injection of a p16-deficient MBT-2 cell line. Six-week-old C3H/He female mice were divided into three groups: A control group (n=12) receiving no treatment; a group treated once on the 3rd experimental day (n=12); and a group treated three times on the 3rd, 5th and 7th experimental days (n=10) with an injection of a mixture of 80 nmol mouse p16 peptide and 50 nmol Wr-T into the tail vein. At the 14th experimental day, the lung metastases were histologically evaluated. Lung metastases were observed in 100% (12/12), 41.7% (5/12) and 30% (3/10) of the aforementioned three groups, respectively. The number and area of metastatic lung tumors were significantly different between control and treatment groups (control vs. triple treatment group for the number and area, P=0.0029 and P=0.0296, respectively). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that phosphorylated retinoblastoma (Rb) protein was decreased in lung tumors of the treatment groups, compared with the control group. The toxicity of p16 peptide transduction was evaluated by using low-dose treatment (three dosages) and high-dose treatment (two dosages) on three male and three female C3H/He mice in early and late experimental phases. In low and high dose groups, no notable change was determined in body weight or blood analyses in early or late phases following mouse p16 peptide administration. In addition, no notable change was observed histologically in bone marrow of treatment groups. To conclude, systemic p16 peptide administration decreased lung tumor development in a mouse metastatic BT model without severe adverse events, as assessed by blood analyses and histological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shimazui
- Department of Urology, Ibaraki Clinical Education and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Kasama, Ibaraki 309-1793, Japan.,Department of Urology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Ibaraki 309-1793, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshikawa
- Division of Research Creation and Biobank, Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Ishitsuka
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shuya Kandori
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Jun Miyazaki
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchida
- Department of Molecular Biological Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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5
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Design of peptide–dendrimer conjugates with tumor homing and antitumor effects. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Chiper M, Niederreither K, Zuber G. Transduction Methods for Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins and Bioconjugates into Living Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701040. [PMID: 29205903 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The human organism and its constituting cells rely on interplay between multiple proteins exerting specific functions. Progress in molecular biotechnologies has facilitated the production of recombinant proteins. When administrated to patients, recombinant proteins can provide important healthcare benefits. To date, most therapeutic proteins must act from the extracellular environment, with their targets being secreted modulators or extracellular receptors. This is because proteins cannot passively diffuse across the plasma membrane into the cytosol. To expand the scope of action of proteins for cytosolic targets (representing more than 40% of the genome) effective methods assisting protein cytosolic entry are being developed. To date, direct protein delivery is extremely tedious and inefficient in cultured cells, even more so in animal models of pathology. Novel techniques are changing this limitation, as recently developed in vitro methods can robustly convey large amount of proteins into cell cultures. Moreover, advances in protein formulation or protein conjugates are slowly, but surely demonstrating efficiency for targeted cytosolic entry of functional protein in vivo in tumor xenograft models. In this review, various methods and recently developed techniques for protein transport into cells are summarized. They are put into perspective to address the challenges encountered during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Chiper
- Molecular and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Biologics CNRS—Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242 Boulevard Sebastien Brant F‐67412 Illkirch France
- Faculté de Pharmacie—Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin F‐67400 Illkirch France
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC) F‐67412 Illkirch France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964 F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Guy Zuber
- Molecular and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Biologics CNRS—Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242 Boulevard Sebastien Brant F‐67412 Illkirch France
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7
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Wang L, Chen H, Yu J, Lin X, Qi J, Cui C, Xie L, Huang S. CPP2-p16MIS treatment-induced colon carcinoma cell death in vitro and prolonged lifespan of tumor-bearing mice. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:571. [PMID: 27485348 PMCID: PMC4969710 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a research hotspot due to their noninvasive delivery ability. Among the identified CPPs, the TAT and R8 peptides have been preferentially applied to transduction into different cells. However, this process is nonselective among various cells. Recent research suggested that CPP2 could selectively penetrate human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods Using in vitro experiments, the mean fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled CPPs (CPPs-FITC) incubated with different cell lines was compared to corroborate the colon tumor targeting ability of CPP2. The targeting ability of CPP2 was determined in the same way in tumor-bearing mice. We synthesized antitumor peptides by fusing CPP2 to the minimal inhibitory sequence of p16 (p16MIS), which had the ability to restore the function of lost p16, the expression of which was absent in tumor cell lines of various origins. The antitumor effect of the combined peptide was tested in both CRC cell lines and tumor-bearing mice. Results In each CRC cell line, the mean fluorescence intensity of CPP2-FITC was higher than that of the TAT-FITC (p < 0.001) and R8-FITC (p < 0.001) groups. CPP2-p16MIS, the targeting carrier, showed a higher antitumor response in the in vitro cell research. CPP2-p16MIS showed a prolonged mean lifespan of tumor-bearing mice, further characterizing its role in specific tumor-targeting ability in vivo. Survival analysis showed that the mice treated with CPP2-p16MIS had significantly longer survival than the mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline (p < 0.05) or those treated with control peptides, including the CPP2 (p < 0.05) and p16MIS (p < 0.05) groups. Conclusion CPP2 could more selectively penetrate CRC cells than TAT or R8 as well as effectively deliver the p16MIS to the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Haijin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, China.
| | - Xiaohua Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Chunhui Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Lang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Shuxin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
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8
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Higa M, Katagiri C, Shimizu-Okabe C, Tsumuraya T, Sunagawa M, Nakamura M, Ishiuchi S, Takayama C, Kondo E, Matsushita M. Identification of a novel cell-penetrating peptide targeting human glioblastoma cell lines as a cancer-homing transporter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:206-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Abstract
This review describes nanoparticles made from protein by self-assembly or desolvation as carriers for the delivery of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. P. Herrera Estrada
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering. Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - J. A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering. Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
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10
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KAWAGUCHI TAKUYA, YOSHIKAWA KAZUHIRO, KAWAMOTO KEIJI, YOSHIMURA KUNIKAZU, OSHIGE HIDEYUKI, ASAI AKIO. Molecular targeting of neuroblastoma with a novel p16INK4a transporter system. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1879-85. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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11
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Racoma IO, Meisen WH, Wang QE, Kaur B, Wani AA. Thymoquinone inhibits autophagy and induces cathepsin-mediated, caspase-independent cell death in glioblastoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72882. [PMID: 24039814 PMCID: PMC3767730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and common type of malignant brain tumor in humans, with a median survival of 15 months. There is a great need for more therapies for the treatment of glioblastoma. Naturally occurring phytochemicals have received much scientific attention because many exhibit potent tumor killing action. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the bioactive compound of the Nigella sativa seed oil. TQ has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic actions with selective cytotoxicity for human cancer cells compared to normal cells. Here, we show that TQ selectively inhibits the clonogenicity of glioblastoma cells as compared to normal human astrocytes. Also, glioblastoma cell proliferation could be impaired by chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, suggesting that glioblastoma cells may be dependent on the autophagic pathway for survival. Exposure to TQ caused an increase in the recruitment and accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II). TQ also caused an accumulation of the LC3-associated protein p62, confirming the inhibition of autophagy. Furthermore, the levels of Beclin-1 protein expression were unchanged, indicating that TQ interferes with a later stage of autophagy. Finally, treatment with TQ induces lysosome membrane permeabilization, as determined by a specific loss of red acridine orange staining. Lysosome membrane permeabilization resulted in a leakage of cathepsin B into the cytosol, which mediates caspase-independent cell death that can be prevented by pre-treatment with a cathepsin B inhibitor. TQ induced apoptosis, as determined by an increase in PI and Annexin V positive cells. However, apoptosis appears to be caspase-independent due to failure of the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-FMK to prevent cell death and absence of the typical apoptosis related signature DNA fragmentation. Inhibition of autophagy is an exciting and emerging strategy in cancer therapy. In this vein, our results describe a novel mechanism of action for TQ as an autophagy inhibitor selectively targeting glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira O. Racoma
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Walter Hans Meisen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Altaf A. Wani
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Wada A. Development of Next-Generation Peptide Binders Using In vitro Display Technologies and Their Potential Applications. Front Immunol 2013; 4:224. [PMID: 23914189 PMCID: PMC3730117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, a variety of monoclonal antibodies have been developed and used as molecular targeting drugs in medical therapies. Although antibody drugs tend to have intense pharmacological activities and negligible side effects, several issues in their development and prescription remain to be resolved. Synthetic peptides with affinities and specificities for a desired target have received significant attention as alternatives to antibodies. In vitro display technologies are powerful methods for the selection of such peptides from combinatorial peptide libraries. Various types of peptide binders are being selected with such technologies for use in a wide range of fields from bioscience to medicine. This mini review article focuses on the current state of in vitro display selection of synthetic peptide binders and compares the selected peptides with natural peptides/proteins to provide a better understanding of the target affinities and inhibitory activities derived from their amino acid sequences and structural frameworks. The potential of synthetic peptide binders as alternatives to antibody drugs in therapeutic applications is also reviewed.
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13
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Saito K, Takigawa N, Ohtani N, Iioka H, Tomita Y, Ueda R, Fukuoka J, Kuwahara K, Ichihara E, Kiura K, Kondo E. Antitumor impact of p14ARF on gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1616-28. [PMID: 23761220 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been observed in many malignant tumors and its constitutive signal transduction facilitates the proliferation of tumors. EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib, are widely used as a molecular-targeting agent for the inactivation of EGFR signaling and show considerable therapeutic effect in non-small cell lung cancers harboring activating EGFR mutations. However, prolonged treatment inevitably produces tumors with additional gefitinib-resistant mutations in EGFR, which is a critical issue for current therapeutics. We aimed to characterize the distinct molecular response to gefitinib between the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive lung adenocarcinoma cells in order to learn about therapeutics based on the molecular information. From the quantitative PCR analysis, we found a specific increase in p14(ARF) expression in gefitinib-sensitive lung adenocarcinoma clones, which was absent in gefitinib-resistant clones. Moreover, mitochondria-targeted p14(ARF) triggered the most augmented apoptosis in both clones. We identified the amino acid residues spanning from 38 to 65 as a functional core of mitochondrial p14(ARF) (p14 38-65 a.a.), which reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and caused caspase-9 activation. The synthesized peptide covering the p14 38-65 a.a. induced growth suppression of the gefitinib-resistant clones without affecting nonneoplastic cells. Notably, transduction of the minimized dose of the p14 38-65 peptide restored the response to gefitinib like that in the sensitive clones. These findings suggest that the region of p14(ARF) 38-65 a.a. is critical in the pharmacologic action of gefitinib against EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells and has potential utility in the therapeutics of gefitinib-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Saito
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Japan
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14
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Shimazui T, Yoshikawa K, Miyazaki J, Kojima T, Inai H, Ando S, Uemura H, Uchida K, Nishiyama H. Systemic transduction of p16INK4A antitumor peptide inhibits the growth of MBT-2 mouse bladder tumor cell line grafts. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:543-8. [PMID: 23292502 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
p16(INK4a) (p16), a key molecule in bladder tumor development, inhibits the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and maintains the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) in its active hypophosphorylated state. Following the finding that the p16 antitumor peptide dramatically inhibits the growth of aggressive leukemia/lymphoma through the restoration of p16 function using the Wr-T peptide transporter system, in this study, we developed a systemic therapy using mouse‑p16 peptide (m‑p16) in subcutaneous p16‑null mouse bladder tumors. In vitro analysis showed that the growth of p16‑null bladder tumor cells and the hyperphosphorylation of their pRbs were inhibited by p16 transduction in a concentration‑dependent manner. In an animal model, p16‑null MBT‑2 cells were injected subcutaneously into KSN/SKC nude mice. The systemic delivery of the m‑p16 peptide using Wr‑T by cardiac injection significantly inhibited the growth of solid MBT‑2 tumors compared with the control phosphate‑buffered saline (PBS) injection. Histological examination by TUNEL staining revealed that apoptosis was increased and pRb phosphorylation was inhibited. Thus, the systemic peptide delivery of p16 restores the hypophosphorylation of pRb and may be a useful tool for the treatment of bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shimazui
- Department of Urology, Ibaraki Clinical Education and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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15
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Tumour lineage-homing cell-penetrating peptides as anticancer molecular delivery systems. Nat Commun 2012; 3:951. [PMID: 22805558 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides have gained attention owing to their promise in noninvasive delivery systems. Among the identified cell-penetrating peptides, the TAT peptide has been preferentially used for transduction into cells of diverse origins. However, this activity is nonselective between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Here we describe artificial cell-penetrating peptides that are selectively and efficiently incorporated into human tumour cells, according to their lineage. Ten representative tumour lineage-homing cell-penetrating peptides were obtained by screening of a random peptide library constructed using messenger RNA display technology, and some of the isolates were further modified by amino-acid substitution. Their advantageous tumour cell-targeting ability is corroborated in an in vivo mouse model for imaging and growth suppression of metastatic xenoplant tumours. These cell-penetrating peptides are potentially useful for the efficient targeting of human neoplasms in a tumour origin-dependent manner, and provide a framework for the development of peptide-based anti-tumour technologies.
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16
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Wynendaele E, Pauwels E, Van de Wiele C, Burvenich C, De Spiegeleer B. The potential role of quorum-sensing peptides in oncology. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:814-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Geiseler B, Fruk L. Bifunctional catechol based linkers for modification of TiO2surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Efficient protein transduction method using cationic peptides and lipids. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:872065. [PMID: 22007148 PMCID: PMC3189636 DOI: 10.1155/2011/872065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic peptides termed protein transduction domains (PTDs) have been shown to cross biological membranes efficiently. However, proteins transduced by PTDs become entrapped within the endosomal vesicles and are not delivered into organelles. We have developed a novel protein delivery system to enhance the proton sponge effect, which results in rupture of the endosomes, by using a mixture of Wr-T transporter peptide and a commercially available cationic lipid reagent. This peptide and cationic lipid reagent mixture efficiently delivers a variety of cargo proteins into living cells by releasing them from the endosomes.
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19
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Lo SL, Wang S. Intracellular Protein Delivery Systems Formed by Noncovalent Bonding Interactions between Amphipathic Peptide Carriers and Protein Cargos. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 31:1134-41. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Raucher D, Moktan S, Massodi I, Bidwell GL. Therapeutic peptides for cancer therapy. Part II - cell cycle inhibitory peptides and apoptosis-inducing peptides. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:1049-64. [PMID: 19743895 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903158909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic peptides have great potential as anticancer agents owing to their ease of rational design and target specificity. However, their utility in vivo is limited by low stability and poor tumor penetration. OBJECTIVE The authors review the development of peptide inhibitors with potential for cancer therapy. Peptides that arrest the cell cycle by mimicking CDK inhibitors or induce apoptosis directly are discussed. METHODS The authors searched Medline for articles concerning the development of therapeutic peptides and their delivery. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation directly using peptides that arrest the cell cycle or induce apoptosis is a promising strategy. Peptides can be designed that interact very specifically with cyclins and/or cyclin-dependent kinases and with members of apoptotic cascades. Use of these peptides is not limited by their design, as a rational approach to peptide design is much less challenging than the design of small molecule inhibitors of specific protein-protein interactions. However, the limitations of peptide therapy lie in the poor pharmacokinetic properties of these large, often charged molecules. Therefore, overcoming the drug delivery hurdles could open the door for effective peptide therapy, thus making an entirely new class of molecules useful as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drazen Raucher
- The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, 39216, USA.
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