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Wu CH, Weng TF, Li JP, Wu KH. Biology and Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2527. [PMID: 38473775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted roles of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in leukemia, focusing on their interactions within the bone marrow microenvironment and their impact on leukemia pathogenesis, progression, and treatment resistance. MSCs, characterized by their ability to differentiate into various cell types and modulate the immune system, are integral to the BM niche, influencing hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and functionality. This review extensively explores the intricate relationship between MSCs and leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This review also addresses the potential clinical applications of MSCs in leukemia treatment. MSCs' role in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, their antitumor effects, and strategies to disrupt chemo-resistance are discussed. Despite their therapeutic potential, the dual nature of MSCs in promoting and inhibiting tumor growth poses significant challenges. Further research is needed to understand MSCs' biological mechanisms in hematologic malignancies and develop targeted therapeutic strategies. This in-depth exploration of MSCs in leukemia provides crucial insights for advancing treatment modalities and improving patient outcomes in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsien Wu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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2
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Yang Y, Zhong F, Jiang J, Li M, Yao F, Liu J, Cheng Y, Xu S, Chen S, Zhang H, Xu Y, Huang B. Bioinformatic analysis of the expression profile and identification of RhoGDI2 as a biomarker in imatinib-resistant K562 cells. Hematology 2023; 28:2244856. [PMID: 37594290 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2244856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is an aggressive malignancy originating from hematopoietic stem cells. Imatinib (IM), the first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has greatly improved theliving quality of CML patients. However, owing to the recurrence and treatment failure coming from tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) resistance, some CML patients still bear poor prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to seek potential signaling pathways and specific biomarkers for imatinib resistance. METHODS We performed mRNA and miRNA expression profiling in imatinib-sensitive K562 cells (IS-K562) and imatinib-resistant K562 cells (IR-K562). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore the potential mechanism. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and miRNA-mRNA regulatory network were constructed to explore potential relationships among these genes. RT-qPCR, western blot and CCK8 were used for further experiments. RESULTS A total of 623 DEGs and 61 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. GO revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in cell adhesion, cell migration, differentiation, and inflammatory response. KEGG revealed that DEGs were typically enriched in the Rap1 signaling pathway, focal adhesion, proteoglycans and transcriptional misregulation in cancer, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells and some immune-related pathways. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and miRNA-mRNA regulatory network revealed a web of diverse connections among genes. Finally, we proved that RHoGDI2 played a critical role in imatinib resistance. CONCLUSION The dynamic interplay between genes and signaling pathways is associated with TKIs resistance and RHoGDI2 is identified as a biomarker in IR-K562.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangmin Zhong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyao Jiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyi Yao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Yu S, Ye J, Wang Y, Lu T, Liu Y, Liu N, Zhang J, Lu F, Ma D, Gale RP, Ji C. DNA damage to bone marrow stromal cells by antileukemia drugs induces chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia via paracrine FGF10-FGFR2 signaling. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102787. [PMID: 36509141 PMCID: PMC9860495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains a major challenge in the current treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) plays a complex role in protecting leukemia cells from chemotherapeutics, and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Antileukemia drugs kill AML cells directly but also damage the BMM. Here, we determined antileukemia drugs induce DNA damage in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), resulting in resistance of AML cell lines to adriamycin and idarubicin killing. Damaged BMSCs induced an inflammatory microenvironment through NF-κB; suppressing NF-κB with small molecule inhibitor Bay11-7082 attenuated the prosurvival effects of BMSCs on AML cell lines. Furthermore, we used an ex vivo functional screen of 507 chemokines and cytokines to identify 44 proteins secreted from damaged BMSCs. Fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF10) was most strongly associated with chemoresistance in AML cell lines. Additionally, expression of FGF10 and its receptors, FGFR1 and FGFR2, was increased in AML patients after chemotherapy. FGFR1 and FGFR2 were also widely expressed by AML cell lines. FGF10-induced FGFR2 activation in AML cell lines operates by increasing P38 MAPK, AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 phosphorylation. FGFR2 inhibition with small molecules or gene silencing of FGFR2 inhibited proliferation and reverses drug resistance of AML cells by inhibiting P38 MAPK, AKT, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Finally, release of FGF10 was mediated by β-catenin signaling in damaged BMSCs. Our data indicate FGF10-FGFR2 signaling acts as an effector of damaged BMSC-mediated chemoresistance in AML cells, and FGFR2 inhibition can reverse stromal protection and AML cell chemoresistance in the BMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingqiao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Haematology Section, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,For correspondence: Chunyan Ji
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BCR-ABL1 Tyrosine Kinase Complex Signaling Transduction: Challenges to Overcome Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010215. [PMID: 35057108 PMCID: PMC8780254 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The constitutively active BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase, found in t(9;22)(q34;q11) chromosomal translocation-derived leukemia, initiates an extremely complex signaling transduction cascade that induces a strong state of resistance to chemotherapy. Targeted therapies based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib, have revolutionized the treatment of BCR-ABL1-driven leukemia, particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, TKIs do not cure CML patients, as some develop TKI resistance and the majority relapse upon withdrawal from treatment. Importantly, although BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase is necessary to initiate and establish the malignant phenotype of Ph-related leukemia, in the later advanced phase of the disease, BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms are also in place. Here, we present an overview of the signaling pathways initiated by BCR-ABL1 and discuss the major challenges regarding immunologic/pharmacologic combined therapies.
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5
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Li B, Jia R, Li W, Zhou Y, Guo D, Teng Q, Du S, Li M, Li W, Sun T, Ma D, Ji M, Ji C. PAK1 Mediates Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Induced Drug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia via ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686695. [PMID: 34307365 PMCID: PMC8297649 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance is emerging as a major barrier to successful treatment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) protect leukemia cells from chemotherapy eventually leading to recurrence. This study was designed to investigate the role of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in AML progression and chemosensitivity, highlighting the mechanism of stroma-mediated chemoresistance. Methods The GEPIA and TCGA datasets were used to analyze the relationship between PAK1 mRNA expression and various clinical parameters of AML patients. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined to evaluate the role of PAK1 on chemosensitivity in AML by silencing PAK1 with shRNA or small molecular inhibitor. Human BMSC (HS-5) was utilized to mimic the leukemia bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) in vitro, and co-culture model was established to investigate the role of PAK1 in BMSC-mediated drug resistance. Results p21-activated kinase 1 high expression was shown to be associated with shorter overall survival in AML patients. The silence of PAK1 could repress cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and enhance the sensitivity of AML cells to chemotherapeutic agents. More importantly, BMSCs induced PAK1 up-regulation in AML cells, subsequently activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The effect of BMSC-mediated apoptotic-resistance could be partly reversed by knock down of PAK1. Conclusion p21-activated kinase 1 is a potential prognostic predictor for AML patients. PAK1 may play a pivotal role in mediating BMM-induced drug resistance, representing a novel therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banban Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Hematology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Ruinan Jia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Qingliang Teng
- Department of Hematology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Shenghong Du
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Hematology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Mingying Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wěi Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Resistance to Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051115. [PMID: 33807778 PMCID: PMC7961479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer with invasive growth patterns. In 2021, 106,110 patients are projected to be diagnosed with melanoma, out of which 7180 are expected to die. Traditional methods like surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are not effective in the treatment of metastatic and advanced melanoma. Recent approaches to treat melanoma have focused on biomarkers that play significant roles in cell growth, proliferation, migration, and survival. Several FDA-approved molecular targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed against genetic biomarkers whose overexpression is implicated in tumorigenesis. The use of targeted therapies as an alternative or supplement to immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of metastatic melanoma. Although this treatment strategy is more efficacious and less toxic in comparison to traditional therapies, targeted therapies are less effective after prolonged treatment due to acquired resistance caused by mutations and activation of alternative mechanisms in melanoma tumors. Recent studies focus on understanding the mechanisms of acquired resistance to these current therapies. Further research is needed for the development of better approaches to improve prognosis in melanoma patients. In this article, various melanoma biomarkers including BRAF, MEK, RAS, c-KIT, VEGFR, c-MET and PI3K are described, and their potential mechanisms for drug resistance are discussed.
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7
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Cucchi DGJ, Groen RWJ, Janssen JJWM, Cloos J. Ex vivo cultures and drug testing of primary acute myeloid leukemia samples: Current techniques and implications for experimental design and outcome. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 53:100730. [PMID: 33096284 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New treatment options of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are rapidly emerging. Pre-clinical models such as ex vivo cultures are extensively used towards the development of novel drugs and to study synergistic drug combinations, as well as to discover biomarkers for both drug response and anti-cancer drug resistance. Although these approaches empower efficient investigation of multiple drugs in a multitude of primary AML samples, their translational value and reproducibility are hampered by the lack of standardized methodologies and by culture system-specific behavior of AML cells and chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, distinct research questions require specific methods which rely on specific technical knowledge and skills. To address these aspects, we herein review commonly used culture techniques in light of diverse research questions. In addition, culture-dependent effects on drug resistance towards commonly used drugs in the treatment of AML are summarized including several pitfalls that may arise because of culture technique artifacts. The primary aim of the current review is to provide practical guidelines for ex vivo primary AML culture experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G J Cucchi
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R W J Groen
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J J W M Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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8
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Braun TP, Eide CA, Druker BJ. Response and Resistance to BCR-ABL1-Targeted Therapies. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:530-542. [PMID: 32289275 PMCID: PMC7722523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), caused by constitutively active BCR-ABL1 fusion tyrosine kinase, has served as a paradigm for successful application of molecularly targeted cancer therapy. The development of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib allows patients with CML to experience near-normal life expectancy. Specific point mutations that decrease drug binding affinity can produce TKI resistance, and second- and third-generation TKIs largely mitigate this problem. Some patients develop TKI resistance without known resistance mutations, with significant heterogeneity in the underlying mechanism, but this is relatively uncommon, with the majority of patients with chronic phase CML achieving long-term disease control. In contrast, responses to TKI treatment are short lived in advanced phases of the disease or in BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with relapse driven by both BCR-ABL1 kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Additionally, the frontline CML treatment with second-generation TKIs produces deeper molecular responses, driving disease burden below the detection limit for a greater number of patients. For patients with deep molecular responses, up to half have been able to discontinue therapy. Current efforts are focused on identifying therapeutic strategies to drive deeper molecular responses, enabling more patients to attempt TKI discontinuation.
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MESH Headings
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore P Braun
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Insitute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Insitute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Insitute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Omsland M, Andresen V, Gullaksen SE, Ayuda-Durán P, Popa M, Hovland R, Brendehaug A, Enserink J, McCormack E, Gjertsen BT. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and interferon-α increase tunneling nanotube (TNT) formation and cell adhesion in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines. FASEB J 2020; 34:3773-3791. [PMID: 31945226 PMCID: PMC10894852 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802061rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disease of the bone marrow where mechanisms of inter-leukemic communication and cell-to-cell interactions are proposed to be important for optimal therapy response. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are novel intercellular communication structures transporting different cargos with potential implications in therapy resistance. Here, we have investigated TNTs in CML cells and following treatment with the highly effective CML therapeutics tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and interferon-α (IFNα). CML cells from chronic phase CML patients as well as the blast crisis phase cell lines, Kcl-22 and K562, formed few or no TNTs. Treatment with imatinib increased TNT formation in both Kcl-22 and K562 cells, while nilotinib or IFNα increased TNTs in Kcl-22 cells only where the TNT increase was associated with adherence to fibronectin-coated surfaces, altered morphology, and reduced movement involving β1integrin. Ex vivo treated cells from chronic phase CML patients showed limited changes in TNT formation similarly to bone marrow cells from healthy individuals. Interestingly, in vivo nilotinib treatment in a Kcl-22 subcutaneous mouse model resulted in morphological changes and TNT-like structures in the tumor-derived Kcl-22 cells. Our results demonstrate that CML cells express low levels of TNTs, but CML therapeutics increase TNT formation in designated cell models indicating TNT functionality in bone marrow derived malignancies and their microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Communication/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Integrin beta1/metabolism
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Mice
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Omsland
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vibeke Andresen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein-Erik Gullaksen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pilar Ayuda-Durán
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mihaela Popa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KinN Therapeutics, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Hovland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Atle Brendehaug
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorrit Enserink
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Kolba MD, Dudka W, Zaręba-Kozioł M, Kominek A, Ronchi P, Turos L, Chroscicki P, Wlodarczyk J, Schwab Y, Klejman A, Cysewski D, Srpan K, Davis DM, Piwocka K. Tunneling nanotube-mediated intercellular vesicle and protein transfer in the stroma-provided imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:817. [PMID: 31659149 PMCID: PMC6817823 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication within the bone marrow niche significantly promotes leukemogenesis and provides protection of leukemic cells from therapy. Secreted factors, intercellular transfer of mitochondria and the receptor-ligand interactions have been shown as mediators of this protection. Here we report that tunneling nanotubes (TNTs)-long, thin membranous structures, which have been identified as a novel mode of intercellular cross-talk-are formed in the presence of stroma and mediate transfer of cellular vesicles from stroma to leukemic cells. Importantly, transmission of vesicles via TNTs from stromal cells increases resistance of leukemic cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib. Using correlative light-electron microscopy and electron tomography we show that stromal TNTs contain vesicles, provide membrane continuity with the cell bodies and can be open-ended. Moreover, trans-SILAC studies to reveal the non-autonomous proteome showed that specific sets of proteins are transferred together with cellular vesicles from stromal to leukemic cells, with a potential role in survival and adaptation. Altogether, our findings provide evidence for the biological role of the TNT-mediated vesicle exchange between stromal and leukemic cells, implicating the direct vesicle and protein transfer in the stroma-provided protection of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta D Kolba
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioleta Dudka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Zaręba-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kominek
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Turos
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Chroscicki
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Wlodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agata Klejman
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katja Srpan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel M Davis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Zhang X, Tu H, Yang Y, Jiang X, Hu X, Luo Q, Li J. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells promote resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia via the IL-7/JAK1/STAT5 pathway. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12167-12179. [PMID: 31235520 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by the fusion of the BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase activating protein (BCR) and ABL proto-oncogene, the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (ABL) genes. Although the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib (IM) and nilotinib (NI) have remarkable efficacy in managing CML, the malignancies in some patients become TKI-resistant. Here, we isolated bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from several CML patients by Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradient centrifugation for coculture with K562 and BV173 cells with or without TKIs. We used real-time quantitative PCR to assess the level of interleukin 7 (IL-7) expression in the MSCs and employed immunoblotting to monitor protein expression in the BCR/ABL, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. We also used a xenograft tumor model to examine the in vivo effect of different MSCs on CML cells. MSCs from patients with IM-resistant CML protected K562 and BV173 cells against IM- or NI-induced cell death, and this protection was due to increased IL-7 secretion from the MSCs. Moreover, IL-7 levels in the BM of patients with IM-resistant CML were significantly higher than in healthy donors or IM-sensitive CML patients. IL-7 elicited IM and NI resistance via BCR/ABL-independent activation of JAK1/STAT5 signaling, but not of JAK3/STAT5 or PI3K/AKT signaling. IL-7 or JAK1 gene knockdown abrogated IL-7-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation and IM resistance in vitro and in vivo Because high IL-7 levels in the BM mediate TKI resistance via BCR/ABL-independent activation of JAK1/STAT5 signaling, combining TKIs with IL-7/JAK1/STAT5 inhibition may have significant utility for managing CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Nanchang University, 465 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huaijun Tu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yazhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Nanchang University, 465 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Nanchang University, 465 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Nanchang University, 465 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qidong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Nanchang University, 465 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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12
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Javidi-Sharifi N, Martinez J, English I, Joshi SK, Scopim-Ribeiro R, Viola SK, Edwards DK, Agarwal A, Lopez C, Jorgens D, Tyner JW, Druker BJ, Traer E. FGF2-FGFR1 signaling regulates release of Leukemia-Protective exosomes from bone marrow stromal cells. eLife 2019; 8:e40033. [PMID: 30720426 PMCID: PMC6363389 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective signaling from the leukemia microenvironment leads to leukemia cell persistence, development of resistance, and disease relapse. Here, we demonstrate that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) from bone marrow stromal cells is secreted in exosomes, which are subsequently endocytosed by leukemia cells, and protect leukemia cells from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Expression of FGF2 and its receptor, FGFR1, are both increased in a subset of stromal cell lines and primary AML stroma; and increased FGF2/FGFR1 signaling is associated with increased exosome secretion. FGFR inhibition (or gene silencing) interrupts stromal autocrine growth and significantly decreases secretion of FGF2-containing exosomes, resulting in less stromal protection of leukemia cells. Likewise, Fgf2 -/- mice transplanted with retroviral BCR-ABL leukemia survive significantly longer than their +/+ counterparts when treated with TKI. Thus, inhibition of FGFR can modulate stromal function, reduce exosome secretion, and may be a therapeutic option to overcome resistance to TKIs. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Martinez
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Isabel English
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Sunil K Joshi
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | | | - Shelton K Viola
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - David K Edwards
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Claudia Lopez
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Center for Spatial Systems BiomedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Danielle Jorgens
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Center for Spatial Systems BiomedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer BiologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Elie Traer
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
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13
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Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Kominek A, Wolczyk M, Kolba MD, Swatler J, Piwocka K. Characteristics of live parameters of the HS-5 human bone marrow stromal cell line cocultured with the leukemia cells in hypoxia, for the studies of leukemia-stroma cross-talk. Cytometry A 2018; 93:929-940. [PMID: 30247803 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The unique bone marrow microenvironment is created by stromal cells and such physical conditions as hypoxia. Both hypoxia and interactions with stromal cells have a significant impact on the biology of leukemia cells, changing their sensitivity to antileukemic therapies. Thus, it is crucial to introduce biological systems, which enable the investigation of leukemia-stroma cross-talk and verification of novel therapies effectiveness under such bone marrow niche-mimicking conditions. Here, we have established an experimental setup based on the hypoxic co-culture of stromal cells with different cell lines derived from various leukemia patients. Flow cytometry enables simultaneous fluorescent tracking of viable cells and analysis of fundamental cellular processes, also to monitor the basal vital state of cells in the hypoxic co-culture. This is critically important, as the stromal cells deliver a big variability of signals to protect leukemia cells and provide drug resistance. Therefore, keeping stromal cells at the healthy state is crucial during experimental procedures. In the proposed studies, viability, apoptosis, proliferation, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane potential were monitored in both cell types, which were separated on the basis of the fluorescence of a cell tracker. We have shown that the proposed hypoxic co-culture conditions do not affect basal live parameters of stromal cells, indicating the relevance of proposed model. Finally, we utilized this experimental setup to monitor the stroma-mediated protection of leukemia cells from the imatinib-induced cell death, which contributes to the leukemia progression and development of therapy resistance. Altogether, we recommend such flow cytometric strategy as an elementary screen of the vital state of stromal cells, which should be performed when using the co-culture hypoxic models. The proposed approach can also be broadly used for other studies of the leukemia-stroma cross-talk and of the part played by the leukemic microenvironment in drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Kominek
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wolczyk
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta D Kolba
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julian Swatler
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Ling Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Huang Z. Protein Kinase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Drugs in AML: Advances and Challenges. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:4303-4310. [PMID: 28671056 PMCID: PMC6302345 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170703164114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant blood disorder and the cure rate has been remarkably improved over the past decade. However, recurrent or refractory leu-kemia remains the major problem of the AML and no clearly effective therapy has been es-tablished so far. Traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are both far dissatisfying the patients partly for their individual variety. Be-sides, conventional treatments usually have many side effects to result in poor prognosis. Therefore, an urgent need is necessary to update therapies of AML. To date, protein kinase inhibitors as new drugs offer hope for AML treatment and many of them are on clinical tri-als. Here, this review will provide a brief summary of protein kinase inhibitors investigated in AML thus far, mainly including tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors and serine/threonine kinase inhibitors. We also presented the sketch of signal pathways involving protein kinase inhibitors, as well as discussed the clinical applications and the challenges of inhibitors in AML treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P.R. China.,China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zikang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P.R. China.,China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P.R. China.,China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P.R. China.,China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
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15
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Somaiah C, Kumar A, Sharma R, Sharma A, Anand T, Bhattacharyya J, Das D, Deka Talukdar S, Jaganathan BG. Mesenchymal stem cells show functional defect and decreased anti-cancer effect after exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:5. [PMID: 29351753 PMCID: PMC5774172 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are used for several therapeutic applications to improve the functions of bone, cardiac, nervous tissue as well as to facilitate the repopulation of hematopoietic stem cells. MSC give rise to the non-hematopoietic stromal cells of the bone marrow and are important for the maintenance of normal hematopoiesis. Chemotherapeutic drugs used for treatment of leukemia extensively damage the stromal cells and alter their gene expression profiles. Methods We determined the changes in adipogenic, osteogenic differentiation, phenotypic and gene expression in MSC during treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs cytarabine, daunorubicin and vincristine. We also tested anti-cancer effects of drug treated MSC on leukemia cells. Results Treatment with the chemotherapeutic drugs resulted in functional defects in MSC, leading to reduced proliferation, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The drug treated MSC also showed decreased expression of cell surface receptors, and the changes in proliferation, phenotype and differentiation defect was partially reversible after withdrawing the drugs from the cells. The drug treated MSC showed increased expression of cytokines, IL6, FGF2 and TNFA but reduced levels of differentiation markers SOX9 and ACTC1. Drug treated MSC also contributed to reduced anti-cancer effects in leukemia cells. Conclusions Chemotherapeutic drug treatment altered the phenotype, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of MSC and modified the gene expression profile of the cells to render them more chemoprotective of the leukemic cells. Thus, additional therapeutic efforts to target the stromal cell population will help in preventing chemoresistance, disease relapse in leukemia and to maintain a healthy bone marrow stroma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-018-0407-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnapaka Somaiah
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Renu Sharma
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Trishna Anand
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Jina Bhattacharyya
- Department of Hematology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Damodar Das
- Department of Hematology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
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16
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Inhibition of SDF-1-induced migration of oncogene-driven myeloid leukemia by the L-RNA aptamer (Spiegelmer), NOX-A12, and potentiation of tyrosine kinase inhibition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109973-109984. [PMID: 29299123 PMCID: PMC5746358 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) remains a challenge for the treatment of myeloid leukemias. Following treatment with TKIs, the bone marrow microenvironment has been found to harbor a small pool of surviving leukemic CD34+ progenitor cells. The long-term survival of these leukemic cells has been attributed, at least in part, to the protective effects of bone marrow stroma. We found that the NOX-A12 'Spiegelmer', an L-enantiomeric RNA oligonucleotide that inhibits SDF-1α, showed in vitro and in vivo activity against BCR-ABL- and FLT3-ITD-dependent leukemia cells. NOX-A12 was sufficient to suppress SDF-1-induced migration in vitro. The combination of NOX-A12 with TKIs reduced cell migration in the same in vitro model of SDF-1-induced chemotaxis to a greater extent than either drug alone, suggesting positive cooperativity as a result of the SDF-1 blocking function of NOX-A12 and cytotoxicity resulting from targeted oncogenic kinase inhibition. These results are consistent with our in vivo findings using a functional pre-clinical mouse model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), whereby we demonstrated the ability of NOX-A12, combined with the ABL kinase inhibitor, nilotinib, to reduce the leukemia burden in mice to a greater extent than either agent alone. Overall, the data support the idea of using SDF-1 inhibition in combination with targeted kinase inhibition to override drug resistance in oncogene-driven leukemia to significantly diminish or eradicate residual leukemic disease.
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17
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Alshareef A. Novel Molecular Challenges in Targeting Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in ALK-Expressing Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110148. [PMID: 29143801 PMCID: PMC5704166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase receptor initially identified as a potent oncogenic driver in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) in the form of nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK fusion protein, using tyrosine kinase inhibitors has shown to be a promising therapeutic approach for ALK-expressing tumors. However, clinical resistance to ALK inhibitors invariably occurs, and the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Recent studies have clearly shown that clinical resistance to ALK inhibitors is a multifactorial and complex mechanism. While few of the mechanisms of clinical resistance to ALK inhibitors such as gene mutation are well known, there are others that are not well covered. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of cancer stem cells in mediating resistance to ALK inhibitors as well as the current understanding of the molecular challenges in targeting ALK in ALK-expressing human cancers will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraheem Alshareef
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almedinah, Medina P.O. Box 41477, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Laboratory Medicin and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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18
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Civallero M, Cosenza M, Pozzi S, Sacchi S. Ruxolitinib combined with vorinostat suppresses tumor growth and alters metabolic phenotype in hematological diseases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103797-103814. [PMID: 29262601 PMCID: PMC5732767 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK-2 dysregulation plays an important role as an oncogenic driver, and is thus a promising therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Ruxolitinib is a pyrrolo[2.3-d]pyrimidine derivative with inhibitory activity against JAK1 and JAK2, moderate activity against TYK2, and minor activity against JAK3. Vorinostat is an HDAC inhibitor that reduces JAK-2 expression, thus affecting JAK-2 mRNA expression and increasing JAK-2 proteasomal deterioration. Here we hypothesized that the combination of ruxolitinib and vorinostat could have synergistic effects against hematological disease. We tested combinations of low doses of ruxolitinib and vorinostat in 12 cell lines, and observed highly synergistic cytotoxic action in six cell lines, which was maintained for up to 120 h in the presence of stromal cells. The sensitivity of the six cell lines may be explained by the broad effects of the drug combination, which can affect various targets. Treatment with the combination of ruxolitinib and vorinostat appeared to induce a possible reversal of the Warburg effect, with associated ROS production, apoptotic events, and growth inhibition. Decreased glucose metabolism may have markedly sensitized the six more susceptible cell lines to combined treatment. Therapeutic inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway seems to offer substantial anti-tumor benefit, and combined therapy with ruxolitinib and vorinostat may represent a promising novel therapeutic modality for hematological neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Civallero
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Cosenza
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Pozzi
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Sacchi
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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19
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Garz AK, Wolf S, Grath S, Gaidzik V, Habringer S, Vick B, Rudelius M, Ziegenhain C, Herold S, Weickert MT, Smets M, Peschel C, Oostendorp RAJ, Bultmann S, Jeremias I, Thiede C, Döhner K, Keller U, Götze KS. Azacitidine combined with the selective FLT3 kinase inhibitor crenolanib disrupts stromal protection and inhibits expansion of residual leukemia-initiating cells in FLT3-ITD AML with concurrent epigenetic mutations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108738-108759. [PMID: 29312564 PMCID: PMC5752477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectively targeting leukemia-initiating cells (LIC) in FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is crucial for cure. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have limited impact as single agents, failing to eradicate LIC in the bone marrow. Using primary AML samples and a patient-derived xenograft model, we investigated whether combining the FLT3-selective TKI crenolanib with the hypomethylating agent azacitidine (AZA) eliminates FLT3-ITD LIC and whether efficacy of this combination depends on co-existing mutations. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, we show FLT3-ITD occurs within the most primitive Lin-/CD33(+)/CD45dim/CD34+CD38- LIC compartment. Crenolanib alone could not target FLT3-ITD LIC in contact with niche cells while addition of AZA overcame stromal protection resulting in dramatically reduced clonogenic capacity of LIC in vitro and severely impaired engraftment in NSG mice. Strikingly, FLT3-mutated samples harboring TET2 mutations were completely resistant to crenolanib whereas neither NPM1 nor DNMT3A mutations influenced response. Conversely, primary AML LIC harboring either TET2, DNMT3A or NPM1 mutations did not show increased sensitivity to AZA. In summary, resistance of FLT3-ITD LIC to TKI depends on co-existing epigenetic mutations. However, AZA + crenolanib effectively abrogates stromal protection and inhibits survival of FLT3-ITD LIC irrespective of mutations, providing evidence for this combination as a means to suppress residual LIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Garz
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Wolf
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Grath
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Gaidzik
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Habringer
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Binje Vick
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Department of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Sylvia Herold
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Gustav Carus University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Theresa Weickert
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Martha Smets
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Peschel
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert A J Oostendorp
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bultmann
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Thiede
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Gustav Carus University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina S Götze
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Wang W, Bochtler T, Wuchter P, Manta L, He H, Eckstein V, Ho AD, Lutz C. Mesenchymal stromal cells contribute to quiescence of therapy-resistant leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2017; 99:392-398. [PMID: 28800175 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persistence of leukemic cells after induction therapy has been shown to correlate with poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we tested if human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) have protective effects on leukemic cells undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS Persistent disease was used as marker to identify cases with therapy-resistant leukemic cells in 95 patients with AML. Immunophenotyping, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays were assessed by flow cytometry. AML coculture studies were performed with hMSC of healthy donors. RESULTS Samples from patients with persistent disease had increased fractions of CD34+ CD38- and quiescent leukemic cells. Comparison of sample series collected at time points of diagnosis and blast persistence showed a relative therapy resistance of quiescent leukemic cells. Consistent with these observations, relapsed disease always displayed higher proportions of quiescent cells compared to samples of first diagnosis suggesting that quiescence is an important therapy escape mechanism of resistant cells. Co-culture studies demonstrated that hMSC protect leukemic cells from the effect of AraC treatment by enriching for quiescent cells, mimicking the effects observed in patients. This effect was even detectable when no direct stromal contact was established. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that hMSC contribute to quiescence and therapy resistance of persistent AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilmann Bochtler
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine V, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linda Manta
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haiju He
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Eckstein
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lutz
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Adhesion to stromal cells mediates imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia through ERK and BMP signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9535. [PMID: 28842696 PMCID: PMC5572702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by abnormal proliferation of myeloid cells which when untreated leads to bone marrow failure. Imatinib mesylate (IM) is the first line of therapy for treatment of CML and results in remission in most cases. However, a significant percentage of patients develop chemoresistance to IM, which might be due to the presence of chemoresistant cells in the bone marrow. In the current study, we explored the role of cell-cell interaction of CML cells with the bone marrow stromal cells in the development of chemoresistance in CML. We found that the stromal cells offered long-term chemoprotection to the CML cells from the apoptotic effect of IM. These stroma interacting CML cells were maintained in a non-proliferative stage and had increased ERK1/2 and SMAD1/8 phosphorylation levels. Prolonged interaction of CML cells with the stromal cells in the presence of IM resulted in the acquisition of stroma-free chemoresistance to IM treatment. However, inhibition of actin cytoskeleton, ERK1/2 and SMAD signaling abrogated the chemoresistance acquisition and sensitized the chemoresistant CML cells to IM induced apoptosis.
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22
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Röselová P, Obr A, Holoubek A, Grebeňová D, Kuželová K. Adhesion structures in leukemia cells and their regulation by Src family kinases. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 12:286-298. [PMID: 28678601 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1344796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of leukemia blasts with the bone marrow extracellular matrix often results in protection of leukemia cells from chemotherapy and in persistence of the residual disease which is on the basis of subsequent relapses. The adhesion signaling pathways have been extensively studied in adherent cells as well as in mature haematopoietic cells, but the adhesion structures and signaling in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, either normal or malignant, are much less explored. We analyzed the interaction of leukemia cells with fibronectin (FN) using interference reflection microscopy, immunofluorescence, measurement of adherent cell fraction, real-time microimpedance measurement and live cell imaging. We found that leukemia cells form very dynamic adhesion structures similar to early stages of focal adhesions. In contrast to adherent cells, where Src family kinases (SFK) belong to important regulators of focal adhesion dynamics, we observed only minor effects of SFK inhibitor dasatinib on leukemia cell binding to FN. The relatively weak involvement of SFK in adhesion structure regulation might be associated with the lack of cytoskeletal mechanical tension in leukemia cells. On the other hand, active Lyn kinase was found to specifically localize to leukemia cell adhesion structures and a less firm cell attachment to FN was often associated with higher Lyn activity (this unexpectedly occurred also after cell treatment with the inhibitor SKI-1). Lyn thus may be important for signaling from integrin-associated complexes to other processes in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Röselová
- a Department of Proteomics , Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , U Nemocnice 1, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Adam Obr
- a Department of Proteomics , Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , U Nemocnice 1, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Holoubek
- a Department of Proteomics , Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , U Nemocnice 1, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Dana Grebeňová
- a Department of Proteomics , Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , U Nemocnice 1, Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kuželová
- a Department of Proteomics , Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , U Nemocnice 1, Prague , Czech Republic
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23
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Acute myeloid leukemia cells require 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase for cell growth and NADPH-dependent metabolic reprogramming. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67639-67650. [PMID: 28978059 PMCID: PMC5620199 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are highly dependent on glycolytic pathways to generate metabolic energy and support cell growth, hinting at specific, targetable vulnerabilities as potential novel targets for drug development. Elevated levels of NADPH, a central metabolic factor involved in redox reactions, are common in myeloid leukemia cells, but the significance or biochemical basis underlying this increase is unknown. Using a small molecule analog that efficiently inhibits NADPH-producing enzymes, we found that AML cells require NADPH homeostasis for cell growth. We also found that inhibiting NADPH production through knockdown of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) within the pentose phosphate pathway was sufficient to reduce cell growth and lactate production, a measure of metabolic reprogramming. Further, inhibition of 6PGD activity reduced NADH levels and enzymatic activity of the oxidized NADH-dependent sirtuin-1. Targeting 6PGD and NADPH production was sufficient to block growth of AML cell lines resistant to the chemotherapeutics daunorubicin and cytarabine. Importantly, stromal cell-mediated resistance to targeted inhibition of oncogenic FLT3 kinase activity by quizartinib was circumvented by 6PGD knockdown. Overall, these data suggest that the dependency of AML cells on NADPH to permit increased glycolytic flux creates a potential vulnerability of possible therapeutic benefit, since much of the enhanced production of NADPH is dependent on the activity of a single enzyme, 6PGD.
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24
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Vatolin S, Phillips JG, Jha BK, Govindgari S, Hu J, Grabowski D, Parker Y, Lindner DJ, Zhong F, Distelhorst CW, Smith MR, Cotta C, Xu Y, Chilakala S, Kuang RR, Tall S, Reu FJ. Novel Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibitor with Anticancer Activity in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3340-50. [PMID: 27197150 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma cells secrete more disulfide bond-rich proteins than any other mammalian cell. Thus, inhibition of protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) required for protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) should increase ER stress beyond repair in this incurable cancer. Here, we report the mechanistically unbiased discovery of a novel PDI-inhibiting compound with antimyeloma activity. We screened a 30,355 small-molecule library using a multilayered multiple myeloma cell-based cytotoxicity assay that modeled disease niche, normal liver, kidney, and bone marrow. CCF642, a bone marrow-sparing compound, exhibited a submicromolar IC50 in 10 of 10 multiple myeloma cell lines. An active biotinylated analog of CCF642 defined binding to the PDI isoenzymes A1, A3, and A4 in MM cells. In vitro, CCF642 inhibited PDI reductase activity about 100-fold more potently than the structurally distinct established inhibitors PACMA 31 and LOC14. Computational modeling suggested a novel covalent binding mode in active-site CGHCK motifs. Remarkably, without any further chemistry optimization, CCF642 displayed potent efficacy in an aggressive syngeneic mouse model of multiple myeloma and prolonged the lifespan of C57BL/KaLwRij mice engrafted with 5TGM1-luc myeloma, an effect comparable to the first-line multiple myeloma therapeutic bortezomib. Consistent with PDI inhibition, CCF642 caused acute ER stress in multiple myeloma cells accompanied by apoptosis-inducing calcium release. Overall, our results provide an illustration of the utility of simple in vivo simulations as part of a drug discovery effort, along with a sound preclinical rationale to develop a new small-molecule therapeutic to treat multiple myeloma. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3340-50. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Vatolin
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James G Phillips
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Babal K Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Jennifer Hu
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dale Grabowski
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yvonne Parker
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel J Lindner
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fei Zhong
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Clark W Distelhorst
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Division of Hematology & Oncology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mitchell R Smith
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Claudiu Cotta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sujatha Chilakala
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Frederic J Reu
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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25
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Cavnar SP, Xiao A, Gibbons AE, Rickelmann AD, Neely T, Luker KE, Takayama S, Luker GD. Imaging Sensitivity of Quiescent Cancer Cells to Metabolic Perturbations in Bone Marrow Spheroids. Tomography 2016; 2:146-157. [PMID: 27478871 PMCID: PMC4963031 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells from breast cancer and other common cancers such as prostate and melanoma may persist in bone marrow as quiescent, non-dividing cells that remain viable for years or even decades before resuming proliferation to cause recurrent disease. This phenomenon, referred to clinically as tumor dormancy, poses tremendous challenges to curing patients with breast cancer. Quiescent tumor cells resist chemotherapy drugs that predominantly target proliferating cells, limiting success of neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapies. We recently developed a 3D spheroid model of quiescent breast cancer cells in bone marrow for mechanistic and drug testing studies. We combined this model with optical imaging methods for label-free detection of cells preferentially utilizing glycolysis versus oxidative metabolism to investigate the metabolic state of co-culture spheroids with different bone marrow stromal and breast cancer cells. Through imaging and biochemical assays, we identified different metabolic states of bone marrow stromal cells that control metabolic status and flexibilities of co-cultured breast cancer cells. We tested metabolic stresses and targeted inhibition of specific metabolic pathways to identify approaches to preferentially eliminate quiescent breast cancer cells from bone marrow environments. These studies establish an integrated imaging approach to analyze metabolism in complex tissue environments to identify new metabolically-targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Cavnar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Annie Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anne E. Gibbons
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew D. Rickelmann
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Taylor Neely
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kathryn E. Luker
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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26
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Mu C, Wu X, Ma H, Tao W, Zhang G, Xia X, Shen J, Mai J, Sun T, Sun X, Arlinghaus RB, Shen H. Effective Concentration of a Multikinase Inhibitor within Bone Marrow Correlates with In Vitro Cell Killing in Therapy-Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:899-910. [PMID: 26846820 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0577-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia cells escape BCR-ABL-targeted therapy by developing mutations, such as T315I, in the p210(BCR-ABL) fusion protein in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although most effort has been focused on development of new tyrosine kinase inhibitors, enrichment of these small-molecule inhibitors in the tumor tissue can also have a profound impact on treatment outcomes. Here, we report that a 2-hour exposure of the T315I-mutant CML cells to 10 μmol/L of the multikinase inhibitor TG101209 suppressed BCR-ABL-independent signaling and caused cell-cycle arrest at G2-M. Further increase in drug concentration to 17.5 μmol/L blocked phosphorylation of the mutant BCR-ABL kinase and its downstream JAK2 and STAT5. The effective dosage to overcome therapy resistance identified in an in vitro setting serves as a guidance to develop the proper drug formulation for in vivo efficacy. A targeted formulation was developed to achieve sustained bone marrow TG101209 concentration at or above 17.5 μmol/L for effective killing of CML cells in vivo Potent inhibition of leukemia cell growth and extended survival were observed in two murine models of CML treated with 40 mg/kg intravenously administered targeted TG101209, but not with the untargeted drug at the same dosage. Our finding provides a unique approach to develop treatments for therapy-resistant CML. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 899-910. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Aurora Kinase B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bone Marrow/drug effects
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Mu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Helen Ma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ralph B Arlinghaus
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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27
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Cardoso BA, Belo H, Barata JT, Almeida AM. The Bone Marrow-Mediated Protection of Myeloproliferative Neoplastic Cells to Vorinostat and Ruxolitinib Relies on the Activation of JNK and PI3K Signalling Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143897. [PMID: 26623653 PMCID: PMC4666616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical BCR-ABL-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) are a group of heterogeneous haematological diseases characterized by constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation. Targeted therapy with Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2-specific inhibitor, achieves symptomatic improvement but does not eliminate the neoplastic clone. Similar effects are seen with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), albeit with poorer tolerance. Here, we show that bone marrow (BM) stromal cells (HS-5) protected MPN-derived cell lines (SET-2; HEL and UKE-1) and MPN patient-derived BM cells from the cytotoxic effects of Ruxolitinib and the HDACi Vorinostat. This protective effect was mediated, at least in part, by the secretion of soluble factors from the BM stroma. In addition, it correlated with the activation of signalling pathways important for cellular homeostasis, such as JAK-STAT, PI3K, JNK, MEK-ERK and NF-κB. Importantly, the pharmacological inhibition of JNK and PI3K pathways completely abrogated the BM protective effect on MPN cell lines and MPN patient samples. Our findings shed light on mechanisms of tumour survival and may indicate novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A. Cardoso
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa—Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hélio Belo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa—Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João T. Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António M. Almeida
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa—Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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28
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Abstract
Clinical staging of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) distinguishes between chronic phase (CP-CML), accelerated phase (AP-CML), and blastic phase (BP-CML), reflecting its natural history in the absence of effective therapy. Morphologically, transformation from CP-CML to AP/BP-CML is characterized by a progressive or sudden loss of differentiation. Multiple different somatic mutations have been implicated in transformation from CP-CML to AP/BC-CML, but no characteristic mutation or combination of mutations have emerged. Gene expression profiles of AP-CML and BP-CML are similar, consistent with biphasic evolution at the molecular level. Gene expression of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant CP-CML and second CP-CML resemble AP/BP-CML, suggesting that morphology alone is a poor predictor of biologic behavior. At the clinical level, progression to AP/BP-CML or resistance to first-line TKI therapy distinguishes a good risk condition with survival close to the general population from a disease likely to reduce survival. Progression while receiving TKI therapy is frequently caused by mutations in the target kinase BCR-ABL1, but progression may occur in the absence of explanatory BCR-ABL1 mutations, suggesting involvement of alternative pathways. Identifying patients in whom milestones of TKI response fail to occur or whose disease progress while receiving therapy requires appropriate molecular monitoring. Selection of salvage TKI depends on prior TKI history, comorbidities, and BCR-ABL1 mutation status. Despite the introduction of novel TKIs, therapy of AP/BP-CML remains challenging and requires accepting modalities with substantial toxicity, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
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MESH Headings
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Mutation/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Risk Assessment
- Treatment Failure
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Deininger
- From the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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29
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Combination therapy with nilotinib for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant BCR-ABL-positive leukemia and other malignancies. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2233-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Truitt L, Hutchinson C, DeCoteau JF, Geyer CR. Chaetocin antileukemia activity against chronic myelogenous leukemia cells is potentiated by bone marrow stromal factors and overcomes innate imatinib resistance. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e122. [PMID: 25329721 PMCID: PMC4216903 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is maintained by a minor population of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that exhibit innate resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR-ABL. Innate resistance can be induced by secreted bone marrow stromal cytokines and growth factors (BMSFs) that protect CML-LSCs from TKIs, resulting in minimal residual disease. Developing strategies to eradicate innate TKI resistance in LSCs is critical for preventing disease relapse. Cancer cells balance reactive oxygen species (ROS) at higher than normal levels, promoting their proliferation and survival, but also making them susceptible to damage by ROS-generating agents. Bcr-Abl increases cellular ROS levels, which can be reduced with TKI inhibitors, whereas, BMSFs increase ROS levels. We hypothesized that BMSF-mediated increases in ROS would trigger ROS damage in TKI-treated CML-LSCs when exposed to chaetocin, a mycotoxin that imposes oxidative stress by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase-1. Here, we showed that chaetocin suppressed viability and colony formation, and induced apoptosis of the murine hematopoietic cell line TonB210 with and without Bcr-Abl expression, and these effects were potentiated by BMSFs. In contrast, imatinib activities in Bcr-Abl-positive TonB210 cells were inhibited by BMSFs. Further, BMSFs did not inhibit imatinib activities when TonB210 cells expressing Bcr-Abl were cotreated with chaetocin. Chaetocin showed similar activities against LSC-enriched CML cell populations isolated from a murine transplant model of CML blast crisis that were phenotypically negative for lineage markers and positive for Sca-1 and c-Kit (CML-LSK). BMSFs and chaetocin increased ROS in CML-LSK cells and addition of BMSFs and chaetocin resulted in higher levels compared with chaetocin or BMSF treatment alone. Pretreatment of CML-LSKs with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine blocked chaetocin cytotoxicity, even in the presence of BMSFs, demonstrating the importance ROS for chaetocin activities. Chaetocin effects on self-renewal of CML-LSKs were assessed by transplanting CML-LSKs into secondary recipients following ex vivo exposure to chaetocin, in the presence or absence of BMSFs. Disease latency in mice transplanted with CML-LSKs following chaetocin treatment more than doubled compared with untreated CML-LSKs or BMSFs-treated CML-LSKs. Mice transplanted with CML-LSKs following chaetocin treatment in the presence of BMSFs had significantly extended survival time compared with mice transplanted with CML-LSKs treated with chaetocin alone. Our findings indicate that chaetocin activity against CML-LSKs is significantly enhanced in the presence of BMSFs and suggest that chaetocin may be effective as a codrug to complement TKIs in CML treatment by disrupting the innate resistance of CML-LSKs through an ROS dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Truitt
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - C Hutchinson
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J F DeCoteau
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - C R Geyer
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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31
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 23% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients younger than 60 years of age carry a mutation in the transmembrane domain of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) gene (FLT3/internal tandem duplications [ITD]). In normal karyotype AML, the presence of a FLT3/ITD mutation is associated with poor prognosis, as mirrored by a high risk of relapse even after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The poor prognostic impact along with the observation that FLT3 is frequently overexpressed in the majority of AML cases has formed the platform for the development of FLT3-targeted strategies. To date, several FLT3 kinase inhibitors have been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. However, as of yet, none of the studied FLT3 inhibitors has received FDA approval for routine clinical use in AML. This is in part due to the 'off target' effects observed with most inhibitors when administered at concentrations needed to achieve sustained levels of FLT3 inhibition, which are required to exhibit substantial cytotoxic effects against leukemic blasts. Furthermore, the development of resistance mutations has emerged as a clinical issue posing a threat to successful FLT3 inhibitor therapy. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors provide a brief summary of FLT3 inhibitors investigated thus far, and discuss current treatment approaches and strategies how to best incorporate FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) into therapy. EXPERT OPINION The combination of a FLT3 inhibitor with conventional chemotherapeutic regimens, epigenetic modifiers or inhibitors of FLT3 downstream and collateral effectors has emerged as a promising strategy to improve treatment outcome. The future of a tailored, molecular-based treatment approach for FLT3-mutated AML demands novel clinical trial concepts based on harmonized and aligned research goals between clinical and research centers and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Konig
- Johns Hopkins University, Medical Oncology , 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD , USA
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Li X, Miao H, Zhang Y, Li W, Li Z, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Guo Q. Bone marrow microenvironment confers imatinib resistance to chronic myelogenous leukemia and oroxylin A reverses the resistance by suppressing Stat3 pathway. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:121-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Calipel A, Landreville S, De La Fouchardière A, Mascarelli F, Rivoire M, Penel N, Mouriaux F. Mechanisms of resistance to imatinib mesylate in KIT-positive metastatic uveal melanoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:553-64. [PMID: 24652072 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate is used in targeted therapy of cancer to inhibit type III tyrosine kinase receptors, such as KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs). Expression of KIT in uveal melanoma (UM) suggests that this receptor may be the target of imatinib mesylate therapy. However, phase II multicenter clinical studies have shown no effect of imatinib mesylate in patients with unresectable liver metastases of UM. We therefore investigated which molecular mechanisms promote imatinib mesylate-resistance in metastatic UM. Expression of KIT, stem cell factor (SCF), PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, was analyzed by RT-PCR, immunostaining, and Western blot in twenty-four samples of UM liver metastases, as well as UM primary tumor and metastatic cell lines. Soluble SCF was quantified in UM cell lines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability of UM cell lines treated with imatinib mesylate and grown in SCF-supplemented medium or in microvascular endothelial cells-conditioned medium was studied by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays. UM liver metastases and cell lines expressed KIT and SCF, but not the PDGFRs. Ninety-five percent of liver metastases expressed KIT at the protein level, but PDGFRs were not detected in these samples. Imatinib mesylate reduced the viability of UM metastatic cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, but an increased resistance to this drug was observed when cells were incubated in SCF-supplemented or microvascular endothelial cells-conditioned medium. This study provides evidence that tumor microenvironment cytokines such as SCF may promote resistance to imatinib mesylate in metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Calipel
- CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy. GIP CYCERON, 14074, Caen, France
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Aggoune D, Tosca L, Sorel N, Bonnet ML, Dkhissi F, Tachdjian G, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Chomel JC, Turhan AG. Modeling the influence of stromal microenvironment in the selection of ENU-induced BCR-ABL1 mutants by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Oncoscience 2014; 1:57-68. [PMID: 25593988 PMCID: PMC4295758 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have profoundly changed the natural history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, acquired resistance to imatinib, dasatinib or nilotinib (1st and 2nd generation TKIs), due in part to BCR-ABL1 kinase mutations, has been largely described. These drugs are ineffective on the T315I gatekeeper substitution, which remains sensitive to 3rd generation TKI ponatinib. It has recently been suggested that the hematopoietic niche could protect leukemic cells from targeted therapy. In order to investigate the role of a stromal niche in mutation-related resistance, we developed a niche-based cell mutagenesis assay. For this purpose, ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea)-exposed UT-7 cells expressing non-mutated or T315I-mutated BCR-ABL1 were cultured with or without murine MS-5 stromal cells and in the presence of imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, or ponatinib. In the assays relative to 1st and 2nd generation TKIs, which were performed on non-mutated BCR-ABL1 cells, our data highlighted the increasing efficacy of the latter, but did not reveal any substantial effect of the niche. In ponatinib assays performed on both non-mutated and T315I–mutated BCR-ABL1 cells, an increased number of resistant clones were observed in the presence of MS-5. Present data suggested that T315I mutants need either compound mutations (e.g. E255K/T315I) or a stromal niche to escape from ponatinib. Using array-comparative genomic hybridization experiments, we found an increased number of variations (involving some recurrent chromosome regions) in clones cultured on MS-5 feeder. Overall, our study suggests that the hematopoietic niche could play a crucial role in conferring resistance to ponatinib, by providing survival signals and favoring genetic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Tosca
- INSERM, U935, F-94800, Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud 11, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, F-92140 Clamart, France
| | - Nathalie Sorel
- INSERM, U935, F-86000 Poitiers, France ; CHU de Poitiers, Service de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | | | | | - Gérard Tachdjian
- INSERM, U935, F-94800, Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud 11, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, F-92140 Clamart, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- INSERM, U935, F-94800, Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud 11, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Hôpital Paul Brousse, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chomel
- INSERM, U935, F-86000 Poitiers, France ; CHU de Poitiers, Service de Cancérologie Biologique, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Ali G Turhan
- INSERM, U935, F-86000 Poitiers, France ; INSERM, U935, F-94800, Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud 11, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Yang X, Sexauer A, Levis M. Bone marrow stroma-mediated resistance to FLT3 inhibitors in FLT3-ITD AML is mediated by persistent activation of extracellular regulated kinase. Br J Haematol 2013; 164:61-72. [PMID: 24116827 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A consistent pattern of response has been observed when FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used as monotherapy to treat patients with relapsed or refractory FLT3- internal tandem duplication (ITD) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Circulating blasts are cleared from the peripheral blood, while bone marrow blasts are either unaffected or are cleared from the marrow at a much slower rate. We used an in vitro model of FLT3-ITD AML blasts co-cultured with normal human bone marrow stromal cells to investigate the basis for this dichotomous response pattern to FLT3 inhibitors. We have found that in blasts on stroma, potent FLT3 inhibition predominantly results in cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic effect is mediated through a combination of direct cell-cell contact and soluble factors. The addition of exogenous FLT3 ligand (FL) augments the protection, primarily by shifting the 50% inhibitory concentration for FLT3 inhibition upwards. Cytokine-activated extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), rather than STAT5, appears to be the most important downstream signalling protein mediating the protective effect, and inhibition of MEK significantly abrogates stromal-mediated resistance. These findings explain the phenomenon of peripheral blood versus bone marrow blast responses and suggest that the combination of potent FLT3 inhibition and MEK inhibition is a promising strategy for the treatment of FLT3-ITD AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Yang
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Selective Akt inhibitors synergize with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and effectively override stroma-associated cytoprotection of mutant FLT3-positive AML cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56473. [PMID: 23437141 PMCID: PMC3578845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-treated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients commonly show rapid and significant peripheral blood blast cell reduction, however a marginal decrease in bone marrow blasts. This suggests a protective environment and highlights the demand for a better understanding of stromal:leukemia cell communication. As a strategy to improve clinical efficacy, we searched for novel agents capable of potentiating the stroma-diminished effects of TKI treatment of mutant FLT3-expressing cells. Methods We designed a combinatorial high throughput drug screen using well-characterized kinase inhibitor-focused libraries to identify novel kinase inhibitors capable of overriding stromal-mediated resistance to TKIs, such as PKC412 and AC220. Standard liquid culture proliferation assays, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis, and immunoblotting were carried out with cell lines or primary AML to validate putative candidates from the screen and characterize the mechanism(s) underlying observed synergy. Results and Conclusions Our study led to the observation of synergy between selective Akt inhibitors and FLT3 inhibitors against mutant FLT3-positive AML in either the absence or presence of stroma. Our findings are consistent with evidence that Akt activation is characteristic of mutant FLT3-transformed cells, as well as observed residual Akt activity following FLT3 inhibitor treatment. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential importance of Akt as a signaling factor in leukemia survival, and supports the use of the co-culture chemical screen to identify agents able to potentiate TKI anti-leukemia activity in a cytoprotective microenvironment.
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Ahmed W, Van Etten RA. Alternative approaches to eradicating the malignant clone in chronic myeloid leukemia: tyrosine-kinase inhibitor combinations and beyond. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2013; 2013:189-200. [PMID: 24319181 PMCID: PMC4529996 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase who have achieved complete molecular remission on imatinib therapy, clinical trials from France and Australia have demonstrated that the majority experience prompt molecular relapse of their leukemia upon discontinuation of the drug, showing that long-term monotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is not curative in the majority of patients with CML. This has focused attention on strategies to eradicate residual disease in CML that is presumed to arise from malignant Ph+ stem cells, which should result in permanent cure and long-term leukemia-free survival. Here, we review the evidence that targeting CML stem cells will be of clinical benefit and discuss pharmacological and immunological approaches to accomplish this goal. Where possible, we link preclinical studies of CML stem cell biology to emerging results from clinical trials of agents that may target these cells.
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MESH Headings
- Australia/epidemiology
- Benzamides/therapeutic use
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Disease-Free Survival
- France/epidemiology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Ahmed
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Richard A. Van Etten
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
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Grebeňová D, Röselová P, Pluskalová M, Halada P, Rösel D, Suttnar J, Brodská B, Otevřelová P, Kuželová K. Proteins implicated in the increase of adhesivity induced by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in leukemic cells. J Proteomics 2012; 77:406-22. [PMID: 23022583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) treatment increases the adhesivity of leukemic cells to fibronectin at clinically relevant concentrations. Now, we present the results of the proteomic analysis of SAHA effects on leukemic cell lines using 2-DE and ProteomLab PF2D system. Histone acetylation at all studied acetylation sites reached the maximal level after 5 to 10 h of SAHA treatment. No difference in histone acetylation between subtoxic and toxic SAHA doses was observed. SAHA treatment induced cofilin phosphorylation at Ser3, an increase in vimentin and paxillin expression and a decrease in stathmin expression as confirmed by western-blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. The interaction of cofilin with 14-3-3 epsilon was documented using both Duolink system and coimmunoprecipitation. However, this interaction was independent of cofilin Ser3 phosphorylation and the amount of 14-3-3-ε-bound cofilin did not rise following SAHA treatment. SAHA-induced increase in the cell adhesivity was associated with an increase in PAK phosphorylation in CML-T1 cells and was abrogated by simultaneous treatment with IPA-3, a PAK inhibitor. The effects of SAHA on JURL-MK1 cells were similar to those of other histone deacetylase inhibitors, tubastatin A and sodium butyrate. The proteome analysis also revealed several potential non-histone targets of histone deacetylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grebeňová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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Effects of plerixafor in combination with BCR-ABL kinase inhibition in a murine model of CML. Blood 2012; 120:2658-68. [PMID: 22889761 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-355396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequestration in the bone marrow niche may allow leukemic stem cells to evade exposure to drugs. Because the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis is an important mechanism of leukemic stem cell interaction with marrow stroma, we tested whether plerixafor, an antagonist of CXCR4, may dislodge chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells from the niche, sensitizing them to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We initially treated mice with retrovirally induced CML-like disease with imatinib plus plerixafor. Plerixafor mobilized CXCR4(+) cells, but no difference was observed in leukemia burden, possibly reflecting insufficient disease control by imatinib. In a second series of experiments, we tested the combination of plerixafor with dasatinib in the same as well as an attenuated CML model. Despite much improved leukemia control, plerixafor failed to reduce leukemia burden over dasatinib alone. In addition, mice receiving plerixafor had an increased incidence of neurologic symptoms in association with CNS infiltration by BCR-ABL-expressing cells. We conclude that plerixafor is ineffective in reducing leukemia burden in this model but promotes CNS infiltration. Beneficial effects of combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors with plerixafor may be observed in a situation of minimal residual disease, but caution is warranted when disease control is incomplete.
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Ion channels in hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:217910. [PMID: 22919401 PMCID: PMC3420091 DOI: 10.1155/2012/217910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in bone marrow niches and give rise to hematopoietic precursor cells (HPCs). These have more restricted lineage potential and eventually differentiate into specific blood cell types. Bone marrow also contains mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which present multilineage differentiation potential toward mesodermal cell types. In bone marrow niches, stem cell interaction with the extracellular matrix is mediated by integrin receptors. Ion channels regulate cell proliferation and differentiation by controlling intracellular Ca(2+), cell volume, release of growth factors, and so forth. Although little evidence is available about the ion channel roles in true HSCs, increasing information is available about HPCs and MSCs, which present a complex pattern of K(+) channel expression. K(+) channels cooperate with Ca(2+) and Cl(-) channels in regulating calcium entry and cell volume during mitosis. Other K(+) channels modulate the integrin-dependent interaction between leukemic progenitor cells and the niche stroma. These channels can also regulate leukemia cell interaction with MSCs, which also involves integrin receptors and affects the MSC-mediated protection from chemotherapy. Ligand-gated channels are also implicated in these processes. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors regulate cell proliferation and migration in HSCs and MSCs and may be implicated in the harmful effects of smoking.
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O'Hare T, Zabriskie MS, Eiring AM, Deininger MW. Pushing the limits of targeted therapy in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 2012; 12:513-26. [PMID: 22825216 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy targeting the BCR-ABL1 kinase is effective against chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), but is not curative for most patients. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is thought to reside in TKI-insensitive leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) that are not fully addicted to BCR-ABL1. Recent conceptual advances in both CML biology and therapeutic intervention have increased the potential for the elimination of CML cells, including LSCs, through simultaneous inhibition of BCR-ABL1 and other newly identified, crucial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O'Hare
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Weisberg E, Azab AK, Manley PW, Kung AL, Christie AL, Bronson R, Ghobrial IM, Griffin JD. Inhibition of CXCR4 in CML cells disrupts their interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment and sensitizes them to nilotinib. Leukemia 2012; 26:985-90. [PMID: 22182920 PMCID: PMC4124489 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a growing area of concern. It has been shown that a small, residual pool of leukemic CD34+ progenitor cells can survive in the marrow microenvironment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients after years of kinase inhibitor treatment. Bone marrow (BM) stroma has been implicated in the long-term survival of leukemic cells, and contributes to the expansion and proliferation of both transformed and normal hematopoietic cells. Mechanistically, we found that CML cells expressed CXCR4, and that plerixafor diminished BCR-ABL-positive cell migration and reduced adhesion of these cells to extra cellular-matrix components and to BM stromal cells in vitro. Moreover, plerixafor decreased the drug resistance of CML cells induced by co-culture with BM stromal cells in vitro. Using a functional mouse model of progressive and residual disease, we demonstrated the ability of the CXCR4 inhibitor, plerixafor, to mobilize leukemic cells in vivo, such that a plerixafor-nilotinib combination reduced the leukemia burden in mice significantly below the baseline level suppression exhibited by a moderate-to-high dose of nilotinib as single agent. These results support the idea of using CXCR4 inhibition in conjunction with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibition to override drug resistance in CML and suppress or eradicate residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Weisberg
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Andrew L. Kung
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda L. Christie
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rod Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - James D. Griffin
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Using combination therapy to override stromal-mediated chemoresistance in mutant FLT3-positive AML: synergism between FLT3 inhibitors, dasatinib/multi-targeted inhibitors and JAK inhibitors. Leukemia 2012; 26:2233-44. [PMID: 22469781 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progenitors are frequently characterized by activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3). Protein tyrosine kinases are integral components of signaling cascades that have a role in both FLT3-mediated transformation as well as viability pathways that are advantageous to leukemic cell survival. The bone marrow microenvironment can diminish AML sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We hypothesized that inhibition of protein kinases in addition to FLT3 may be effective in overriding drug resistance in AML. We used a cell-based model mimicking stromal protection as part of an unbiased high-throughput chemical screen to identify kinase inhibitors with the potential to override microenvironment-mediated drug resistance in mutant FLT3-positive AML. Several related multi-targeted kinase inhibitors, including dasatinib, with the capability of reversing microenvironment-induced resistance to FLT3 inhibition were identified and validated. We validated synergy in vitro and demonstrated effective combination potential in vivo. In particular Janus kinase inhibitors were effective in overriding stromal protection and potentiating FLT3 inhibition in primary AML and cell lines. These results hint at a novel concept of using combination therapy to override drug resistance in mutant FLT3-positive AML in the bone marrow niche and suppress or eradicate residual disease.
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Naci D, El Azreq MA, Chetoui N, Lauden L, Sigaux F, Charron D, Al-Daccak R, Aoudjit F. α2β1 integrin promotes chemoresistance against doxorubicin in cancer cells through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17065-17076. [PMID: 22457358 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.349365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and the mechanisms by which β1 integrins regulate the survival and chemoresistance of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) still are poorly addressed. In this study, we demonstrate in T-ALL cell lines and primary blasts, that engagement of α2β1 integrin with its ligand collagen I (ColI), reduces doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, whereas fibronectin (Fn) had no effect. ColI but not Fn inhibited doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-9 and -3. ColI but not Fn also prevented doxorubicin from down-regulating the levels of the prosurvival Bcl-2 protein family member Mcl-1. The effect of ColI on Mcl-1 occurred through the inhibition of doxorubicin-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Mcl-1 knockdown experiments showed that the maintenance of Mcl-1 levels is essential for ColI-mediated T-ALL cell survival. Furthermore, activation of MAPK/ERK, but not PI3K/AKT, is required for ColI-mediated inhibition of doxorubicin-induced JNK activation and apoptosis and for ColI-mediated maintenance of Mcl-1 levels. Thus, our study identifies α2β1 integrin as an important survival pathway in drug-induced apoptosis of T-ALL cells and suggests that its activation can contribute to the generation of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Naci
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie/Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Local T1-49, Québec G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Mohammed-Amine El Azreq
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie/Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Local T1-49, Québec G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Nizar Chetoui
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie/Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Local T1-49, Québec G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Laura Lauden
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 940, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Université Paris Denis Diderot, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - François Sigaux
- INSERM U944, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Université Paris Denis Diderot, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Charron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 940, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Université Paris Denis Diderot, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 940, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Université Paris Denis Diderot, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie/Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Local T1-49, Québec G1V4G2, Canada.
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Blockade of JAK2-mediated extrinsic survival signals restores sensitivity of CML cells to ABL inhibitors. Leukemia 2011; 26:1140-3. [PMID: 22094585 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Galectin-3 (Gal-3) induced by leukemia microenvironment promotes drug resistance and bone marrow lodgment in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:17468-73. [PMID: 21987825 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1111138108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (BMME) constitutes the sanctuary for leukemic cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms for BMME-mediated drug resistance and BM lodgment in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Gene-expression profile as well as signal pathway and protein analyses revealed that galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the β-gal-binding galectin family of proteins, was specifically induced by coculture with HS-5 cells, a BM stroma cell-derived cell line, in all five CML cell lines examined. It was also found that primary CML cells expressed high levels of Gal-3 in BM. Enforced expression of Gal-3 activated Akt and Erk, induced accumulation of Mcl-1, and promoted in vitro cell proliferation, multidrug resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors for Bcr-Abl and genotoxic agents as a result of impaired apoptosis induction, and chemotactic cell migration to HS-5-derived soluble factors in CML cell lines independently of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. The conditioned medium from Gal-3-overexpressing CML cells promoted in vitro cell proliferation of CML cells and HS-5 cells more than did the conditioned medium from parental cells. Moreover, the in vivo study in a mice transplantation model showed that Gal-3 overexpression promoted the long-term BM lodgment of CML cells. These results demonstrate that leukemia microenvironment-specific Gal-3 expression supports molecular signaling pathways for disease maintenance in BM and resistance to therapy in CML. They also suggest that Gal-3 may be a candidate therapeutic target to help overcome BMME-mediated therapeutic resistance.
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Pistoia V, Raffaghello L. Disclosing the mysteries of the central nervous system sanctuary for acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2011; 35:699-700. [PMID: 21329976 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Chemotherapy resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia requires hERG1 channels and is overcome by hERG1 blockers. Blood 2011; 117:902-14. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-262691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal cells (MSCs) can protect leukemic cells from chemotherapy, thus increasing their survival rate. We studied the potential molecular mechanisms underlying this effect in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Coculture of ALL cells with MSCs induced on the lymphoblast plasma membrane the expression of a signaling complex formed by hERG1 (human ether-à-go-go-related gene 1) channels, the β1-integrin subunit, and the chemokine receptor CXC chemokine receptor-4. The assembly of such a protein complex activated both the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt prosurvival signaling pathways. At the same time, ALL cells became markedly resistant to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. hERG1 channel function appeared to be important for both the initiation of prosurvival signals and the development of drug resistance, because specific channel blockers decreased the protective effect of MSCs. NOD/SCID mice engrafted with ALL cells and treated with channel blockers showed reduced leukemic infiltration and had higher survival rates. Moreover, hERG1 blockade enhanced the therapeutic effect produced by corticosteroids. Our findings provide a rationale for clinical testing of hERG1 blockers in the context of antileukemic therapy for patients with ALL.
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Weisberg E, Ray A, Barrett R, Nelson E, Christie AL, Porter D, Straub C, Zawel L, Daley JF, Lazo-Kallanian S, Stone R, Galinsky I, Frank D, Kung AL, Griffin JD. Smac mimetics: implications for enhancement of targeted therapies in leukemia. Leukemia 2010; 24:2100-9. [PMID: 20844561 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a growing concern with clinical use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Utilizing in vitro models of intrinsic drug resistance and stromal-mediated chemoresistance, as well as functional mouse models of progressive and residual disease, we attempted to develop a potential therapeutic approach designed to suppress leukemia recurrence following treatment with selective kinase inhibitors. The novel IAP inhibitor, LCL161, [corrected] was observed to potentiate the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibition against leukemic disease both in the absence and presence of a stromal-protected [corrected] environment. LCL161 enhanced the proapoptotic effects of nilotinib and PKC412, against leukemic disease in vitro and potentiated the activity of both kinase inhibitors against leukemic disease in vivo. In addition, LCL161 synergized in vivo with nilotinib to reduce leukemia burden significantly below the baseline level suppression exhibited by a moderate-to-high dose of nilotinib. Finally, LCL161 displayed antiproliferative effects against cells characterized by intrinsic resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors as a result of expression of point mutations in the protein targets of drug inhibition. These results support the idea of using IAP inhibitors in conjunction with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibition to override drug resistance and suppress or eradicate residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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