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Gao L, Zhao R, Liu J, Zhang W, Sun F, Yin Q, Wang X, Wang M, Feng T, Qin Y, Cai W, Li Q, Dong H, Chen X, Xiong X, Liu H, Hu J, Chen W, Han B. KIF15 Promotes Progression of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer by Activating EGFR Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679173. [PMID: 34804913 PMCID: PMC8599584 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to be a major clinical problem and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is an important event that regulates mitogenic signaling. EGFR signaling plays an important role in the transition from androgen dependence to castration-resistant state in prostate cancer (PCa). Kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) has been suggested to be overexpressed in multiple malignancies. Here, we demonstrate that KIF15 expression is elevated in CRPC. We show that KIF15 contributes to CRPC progression by enhancing the EGFR signaling pathway, which includes complex network intermediates such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. In CRPC tumors, increased expression of KIF15 is positively correlated with EGFR protein level. KIF15 binds to EGFR, and prevents EGFR proteins from degradation in a Cdc42-dependent manner. These findings highlight the key role of KIF15 in the development of CRPC and rationalize KIF15 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ru Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianshuo Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianni Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanchen Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Tu Y, Yang Y, Li Y, He C. Naturally occurring coumestans from plants, their biological activities and therapeutic effects on human diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105615. [PMID: 33872808 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring coumestans are known as a collection of plant-derived polycyclic aromatic secondary metabolites which are characterized by the presence of an oxygen heterocyclic four-ring system comprising a coumarin moiety and a benzofuran moiety sharing a C˭C bond. Recently, there is an increasing attention in excavating the medicinal potential of coumestans, particularly coumestrol, wedelolactone, psoralidin and glycyrol, in a variety of diseases. This review is a comprehensive inventory of the chemical structures of coumestans isolated from various plant sources during the period of 1956-2020, together with their reported biological activities. 120 molecules were collected and further classified as coumestans containing core skeleton, dimethylpyranocoumestans, furanocoumestans, O-glycosylated coumestans and others, which showed a wide range of pharmacological activities including estrogenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, organ protective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, antioxidant and skin-protective activities. Furthermore, this review focuses on the counteraction of coumestans against bone diseases and organ damages, and the involved molecular mechanisms, which could provide important information to better understand the medicinal values of these compounds. This review is intended to be instructive for the rational design and development of less toxic and more effective drugs with a coumestan scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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Sharifi-Rad J, Kamiloglu S, Yeskaliyeva B, Beyatli A, Alfred MA, Salehi B, Calina D, Docea AO, Imran M, Anil Kumar NV, Romero-Román ME, Maroyi A, Martorell M. Pharmacological Activities of Psoralidin: A Comprehensive Review of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:571459. [PMID: 33192514 PMCID: PMC7643726 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.571459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the most relevant studies on the pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms of psoralidin, a bioactive compound from the seeds of Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik. confirmed its complex therapeutic potential. In the last years, the interest of the scientific community regarding psoralidin increased, especially after the discovery of its benefits in estrogen-related diseases and as a chemopreventive agent. Growing preclinical pieces of evidence indicate that psoralidin has anticancer, antiosteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-vitiligo, antibacterial, antiviral, and antidepressant-like effects. Here, we provide a comprehensive and critical review of psoralidin on its bioavailability, pharmacological activities with focus on molecular mechanisms and cell signaling pathways. In this review, we conducted literature research on the PubMed database using the following keywords: “Psoralidin” or “therapeutic effects” or “biological activity” or “Cullen corylifolium” in order to identify relevant studies regarding PSO bioavailability and mechanisms of therapeutic effects in different diseases based on preclinical, experimental studies. In the light of psoralidin beneficial actions for human health, this paper gathers complete information on its pharmacotherapeutic effects and opens new natural therapeutic perspectives in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Senem Kamiloglu
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center (BITAUM), Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Balakyz Yeskaliyeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ahmet Beyatli
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mary Angelia Alfred
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Maria Eugenia Romero-Román
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químico, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Shi X, Zhang G, Mackie B, Yang S, Wang J, Shan L. Comparison of the in vitro metabolism of psoralidin among different species and characterization of its inhibitory effect against UDP- glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) or cytochrome p450 (CYP450) enzymes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1029-1030:145-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ren G, Luo W, Sun W, Niu Y, Ma DL, Leung CH, Wang Y, Lu JJ, Chen X. Psoralidin induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent DNA damage and protective autophagy mediated by NOX4 in breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:939-47. [PMID: 27387402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoralidin (PSO), a natural phenolic coumarin, was reported to have anti-cancer activities. PSO induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in cancer cells. The role of ROS in its anti-cancer effect remains unclear. PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the potential roles of ROS in PSO-induced anti-cancer effect in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. METHODS Effect of PSO on cancer cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Comet assay was used to determine DNA damage. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Autophagic vacuoles were detected by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. ROS generation was measured by fluorescent probe. NOX4 localization was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS PSO treatment caused proliferation inhibition in time- and dose- dependent manners, which was partially reversed by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI). PSO induced DNA damage and increased protein expression of γ-H2AX, phosphorylation of ATM, ATR, Chk1, and Chk2. PSO induced autophagy as evidenced by the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and alterations of autophagic protein expression. PSO-induced cell death was enhanced by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Furthermore, PSO treatment induced ROS formation, which was reversed by NAC or DPI pretreatment. The expression of NOX4 was significantly enhanced by PSO. Both NAC and DPI could reverse PSO-induced DNA damage and autophagic responses. In addition, silencing NOX4 by siRNA inhibited PSO-induced ROS generation, DNA damage, and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results showed that PSO induced DNA damage and protective autophagy mediated by ROS generation in a NOX4-dependent manner in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yanan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Pahari P, Saikia UP, Das TP, Damodaran C, Rohr J. Synthesis of Psoralidin derivatives and their anticancer activity: First synthesis of Lespeflorin I 1. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:3324-3334. [PMID: 27698514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic scheme for the preparation of a number of different derivatives of anticancer natural product Psoralidin is described. A convergent synthetic approach is followed using simple starting materials like substituted phenyl acetic esters and benzoic acids. The developed synthetic route leads us to complete the first synthesis of an analogous natural product Lespeflorin I1, a mild melanin synthesis inhibitor. Preliminary bioactivity studies of the synthesized compounds are carried out against two commonly used prostate cancer cell lines. Results show that the bioactivity of the compounds can be manipulated by the simple modification of the functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Pahari
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR - North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, Kentucky-40536, United States
| | - Ujwal Pratim Saikia
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR - North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India
| | - Trinath Prasad Das
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Jurgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, Kentucky-40536, United States
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Molecular Pathway of Psoralidin-Induced Apoptosis in HepG2 Cell Line. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 25:757-762. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sun H, Ma Z, Lu D, Wu B. Regio- and Isoform-Specific Glucuronidation of Psoralidin: Evaluation of 3- O -Glucuronidation as a Functional Marker for UGT1A9. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2369-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
The protein kinase Hog1 (high osmolarity glycerol 1) was discovered 20 years ago, being revealed as a central signaling mediator during osmoregulation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Homologs of Hog1 exist in all evaluated eukaryotic organisms, and this kinase plays a central role in cellular responses to external stresses and stimuli. Here, we highlight the mechanism by which cells sense changes in extracellular osmolarity, the method by which Hog1 regulates cellular adaptation, and the impacts of the Hog1 pathway upon cellular growth and morphology. Studies that have addressed these issues reveal the influence of the Hog1 signaling pathway on diverse cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay L Brewster
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, 24255 Pacific Coast Highway, Malibu, CA 90263, USA.
| | - Michael C Gustin
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77251, USA
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Hao W, Zhang X, Zhao W, Chen X. Psoralidin induces autophagy through ROS generation which inhibits the proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells. PeerJ 2014; 2:e555. [PMID: 25250213 PMCID: PMC4168759 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoralidin (PSO), a natural furanocoumarin, is isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. possessing anti-cancer properties. However, the mechanisms of its effects remain unclear. Herein, we investigated its anti-proliferative effect and potential approaches of action on human lung cancer A549 cells. Cell proliferation and death were measured by MTT and LDH assay respectively. Apoptosis was detected with Hoechst 33342 staining by fluorescence microscopy, Annexin V-FITC by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis for apoptosis-related proteins. The autophagy was evaluated using MDC staining, immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analyses for LC3-I and LC3-II. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by DCFH2-DA with flow cytometry. PSO dramatically decreased the cell viabilities in dose- and time-dependent manner. However, no significant change was observed between the control group and the PSO-treated groups in Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V-FITC staining. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was not altered significantly either. While the MDC-fluorescence intensity and the expression ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was remarkably increased after PSO treatment. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA blocked the production of LC3-II and reduced the cytotoxicity in response to PSO. Furthermore, PSO increased intracellular ROS level which was correlated to the elevation of LC3-II. ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine pretreatment not only decreased the ROS level, reduced the expression of LC3-II but also reversed PSO induced cytotoxicity. PSO inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells through autophagy but not apoptosis, which was mediated by inducing ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Xuenong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
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Wu W, Yang Q, Fung KM, Humphreys MR, Brame LS, Cao A, Fang YT, Shih PT, Kropp BP, Lin HK. Linking γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor to epidermal growth factor receptor pathways activation in human prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 383:69-79. [PMID: 24296312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation has been attributed to the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Growth factor pathways including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling have been implicated in the development of NE features and progression to a castration-resistant phenotype. However, upstream molecules that regulate the growth factor pathway remain largely unknown. Using androgen-insensitive bone metastasis PC-3 cells and androgen-sensitive lymph node metastasis LNCaP cells derived from human prostate cancer (PCa) patients, we demonstrated that γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABA(A)R) ligand (GABA) and agonist (isoguvacine) stimulate cell proliferation, enhance EGF family members expression, and activate EGFR and a downstream signaling molecule, Src, in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Inclusion of a GABA(A)R antagonist, picrotoxin, or an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Gefitinib (ZD1839 or Iressa), blocked isoguvacine and GABA-stimulated cell growth, trans-phospohorylation of EGFR, and tyrosyl phosphorylation of Src in both PCa cell lines. Spatial distributions of GABAAR α₁ and phosphorylated Src (Tyr416) were studied in human prostate tissues by immunohistochemistry. In contrast to extremely low or absence of GABA(A)R α₁-positive immunoreactivity in normal prostate epithelium, elevated GABA(A)R α₁ immunoreactivity was detected in prostate carcinomatous glands. Similarly, immunoreactivity of phospho-Src (Tyr416) was specifically localized and limited to the nucleoli of all invasive prostate carcinoma cells, but negative in normal tissues. Strong GABAAR α₁ immunoreactivity was spatially adjacent to the neoplastic glands where strong phospho-Src (Tyr416)-positive immunoreactivity was demonstrated, but not in adjacent to normal glands. These results suggest that the GABA signaling is linked to the EGFR pathway and may work through autocrine or paracine mechanism to promote CRPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Wu
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - Lacy S Brame
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Amy Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Fang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91207, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Tsen Shih
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91207, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bradley P Kropp
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hsueh-Kung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Dushyanthen S, Cossigny DAF, Quan GMY. The osteoblastic and osteoclastic interactions in spinal metastases secondary to prostate cancer. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2013; 6:61-80. [PMID: 24665208 PMCID: PMC3941153 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers arising in men and has a high propensity for bone metastasis, particularly to the spine. At this stage, it often causes severe morbidity due to pathological fracture and/or metastatic epidural spinal cord compression which, if untreated, inevitably leads to intractable pain, neurological deficit, and paralysis. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving growth of secondary PC in the bony vertebral column remain largely unknown. Further investigation is warranted in order to identify therapeutic targets in the future. This review summarizes the current understanding of PC bone metastasis in the spine, highlighting interactions between key tumor and bone-derived factors which influence tumor progression, especially the functional roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone microenvironment through their interactions with metastatic PC cells and the critical pathway RANK/RANKL/OPG in bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathana Dushyanthen
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
| | - Davina A F Cossigny
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerald M Y Quan
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
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Sastre-Serra J, Nadal-Serrano M, Pons DG, Valle A, Garau I, García-Bonafé M, Oliver J, Roca P. The oxidative stress in breast tumors of postmenopausal women is ERα/ERβ ratio dependent. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:11-7. [PMID: 23499841 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor status is a diagnostic parameter in breast cancer treatment. Estrogen receptor presence is related to a better prognosis because the principal treatments attacking breast cancer tumors have their action site directed at the estrogen receptor. However, the two different subtypes of estrogen receptor, ERα and ERβ, have different functions. In this work an alternative point of view focusing on oxidative stress is shown, given that estrogen receptors regulate several proteins related to this oxidative stress, such as antioxidant enzymes, sirtuins, and uncoupling proteins. Postmenopausal human breast tumors with different ERα/ERβ ratios were analyzed to characterize the amount of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and proliferation-related and oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways. Results showed that tumors with a low ERα/ERβ ratio have greater oxidative damage and higher antioxidant enzyme protein levels, as well as uncoupling protein (UCP) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and have high studied signaling pathway activation. Glutathione peroxidase, Complex V, Complex III, Complex II, Complex IV, AKT, SAPK, and ERα were significantly and positively correlated with ERα/ERβ ratio. However, carbonyl groups, catalase, CuZn-superoxide dismutase, UCP5, SIRT3, and ERβ were significantly and negatively correlated with ERα/ERβ ratio. From the independent variables included in the step-by-step stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, only the ERα/ERβ ratio was independently associated with carbonyl groups. Surprisingly, these low ERα/ERβ ratio tumors have poor prognosis for the patient, and these results and those of other authors suggest that these tumors are adapted to conditions of increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Mercedes Nadal-Serrano
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Adamo Valle
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Isabel Garau
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Hospital Son Llàtzer, E07198 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Magdalena García-Bonafé
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Hospital Son Llàtzer, E07198 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
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15
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Nourazarian AR, Najar AG, Farajnia S, Khosroushahi AY, Pashaei-Asl R, Omidi Y. Combined EGFR and c-Src antisense oligodeoxynucleotides encapsulated with PAMAM Denderimers inhibit HT-29 colon cancer cell proliferation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4751-6. [PMID: 23167414 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.9.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer continues to be one of the most common cancers, and the importance and necessity of new therapies needs to be stressed. The most important proto-oncogen factors for colon cancer appear to be epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, and c-Src with high expression and activity leading to tumor growth and ultimately to colon cancer progression. Application of c-Src and EGFR antisense agents simultaneously should theoretically therefore have major benefit. In the present study, anti-EGFR and c-Src specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were combined in a formulation using PAMAM dendrimers as a carrier. Nano drug entry into cells was confirmed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy imaging and real time PCR showed gene expression of c-Src and EGFR, as well as downstream STAT5 and MAPK-1 with the tumor suppressor gene P53 to all be downregulated. EGFR and c-Src protein expression was also reduced when assessed by western blotting techniques. The effect of the antisense oligonucleotide on HT29 cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay, reduction beijng observed after 48 hours. In summary, nano-drug, anti-EGFR and c-Src specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were effectively transferred into HT-29 cells and inhibited gene expression in target cells. Based on the results of this study it appears that the use of antisense EGFR and c-Src simultaneously might have a significant effect on colon cancer growth by down regulation of EGFR and its downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Nourazarian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Gulappa T, Reddy RS, Suman S, Nyakeriga AM, Damodaran C. Molecular interplay between cdk4 and p21 dictates G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 337:177-83. [PMID: 23684928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of 3, 9-dihydroxy-2-prenylcoumestan (pso), a furanocoumarin, on PC-3 and C4-2B castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines. Pso caused significant G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell growth. Molecular analysis of cyclin (D1, D2, D3, and E), cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) (cdks 2, 4, and 6), and cdk inhibitor (p21 and p27) expression suggested transcriptional regulation of the cdk inhibitors and more significant downregulation of cdk4 than of cyclins or other cdks. Overexpression of cdk4, or silencing of p21 or p27, overcame pso-induced G0/G1 arrest, suggesting that G0/G1 cell cycle arrest is a potential mechanism of growth inhibition in CRPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thippeswamy Gulappa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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17
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Nourazarian AR, Pashaei-Asl R, Omidi Y, Najar AG. c-Src antisense complexed with PAMAM denderimes decreases of c-Src expression and EGFR-dependent downstream genes in the human HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2235-40. [PMID: 22901200 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Src is one member of non-receptor tyrosine kinase protein family that has over expression and activation in many human cancer cells. It has been shown that c-Src is implicated in various downstream signaling pathways associated with EGFR-dependent signaling such as MAPK and STAT5 pathways. Transactivation of EGFR by c-Src is more effective than EGFR ligands. To inhibit the c-Src expression, we used c-Src antisense oligonucleotide complexed with PAMAM Denderimes. The effect of c-Src antisense oligonucleotide on HT29 cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Then, the expression of c-Src, EGFR and the genes related to EGFR-depended signaling with P53 was applied by real time PCR. We used western blot analysis to elucidate the effect of antisense on the level of c-Src protein expression. The results showed, c-Src antisense complexed with PAMAM denderimers has an effective role in decrease of c-Src expression and EGFR-dependent downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Nourazarian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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18
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Ryu TK, Lee G, Rhee Y, Park HS, Chang M, Lee S, Lee J, Lee TK. Identification of nickel response genes in abnormal early developments of sea urchin by differential display polymerase chain reaction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:18-24. [PMID: 22809708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioassays and biomarkers have been previously developed to assess the effects of heavy metal contaminants on the early life stages of the sea urchin. In this study, malformation in the early developmental processes was observed in sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) larvae exposed to 10 ppm Ni for over 30 h. The most critical stage at which the triggering of nickel effects takes place is thought to be the blastula stage, which occurs after fertilization in larval development. To investigate the molecular-level responses of sea urchin exposed to heavy metal stress and to explore the differentially expressed genes that are induced or repressed by nickel, differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) was used with sea urchin mRNAs. The malformation-related genes expressed in the early life stages of the sea urchin were cloned from larvae exposed to 10 ppm of nickel for 15 h, and accessed via DD-PCR. Sequence analysis results revealed that each of the genes evidenced high homology with EGF2, PCSK9, serine/threonine protein kinase, apolipophorin precursor protein, and MGC80921 protein/transcript variant 2. This result may prove useful in the development of novel biomarkers for the assessment of heavy metal stresses on sea urchin embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kwon Ryu
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea
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The coumarin psoralidin enhances anticancer effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Molecules 2012; 17:6449-64. [PMID: 22643355 PMCID: PMC6268812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are a very common type of secondary plant metabolites with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Psoralidin is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin isolated from Psoralea corylifolia possessing anticancer and chemopreventive properties. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) triggers apoptosis in cancer cells with no toxicity toward normal tissues. Endogenous TRAIL plays an important role in immune surveillance and defence against cancer cells. Coumarins can modulate TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. We examined the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of psoralidin in combination with TRAIL on HeLa cancer cells. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT and LDH assays. The apoptosis was detected using annexin V-FITC staining and mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using DePsipher staining by fluorescence microscopy. Death receptor (TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5) expression was analyzed using flow cytometry. Psoralidin enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells through increased expression of TRAIL-R2 death receptor and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Our study indicated that psoralidin augmented the anticancer effects of TRAIL and confirmed a potential use of coumarins in cancer chemoprevention.
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