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Lee K, Perry K, Xu M, Veillard I, Kumar R, Rao TD, Rueda BR, Spriggs DR, Yeku OO. Structural basis for antibody recognition of the proximal MUC16 ectodomain. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:41. [PMID: 38374055 PMCID: PMC10875768 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucin 16 (MUC16) overexpression is linked with cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance in high grade serous ovarian cancer and other malignancies. The cleavage of MUC16 forms independent bimodular fragments, the shed tandem repeat sequence which circulates as a protein bearing the ovarian cancer biomarker (CA125) and a proximal membrane-bound component which is critical in MUC16 oncogenic behavior. A humanized, high affinity antibody targeting the proximal ectodomain represents a potential therapeutic agent against MUC16 with lower antigenic potential and restricted human tissue expression. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate the potential therapeutic versatility of the humanized antibody as a monoclonal antibody, antibody drug conjugate, and chimeric antigen receptor. We report the crystal structures of 4H11-scFv, derived from an antibody specifically targeting the MUC16 C-terminal region, alone and in complex with a 26-amino acid MUC16 segment resolved at 2.36 Å and 2.47 Å resolution, respectively. The scFv forms a robust interaction with an epitope consisting of two consecutive β-turns and a β-hairpin stabilized by 2 hydrogen bonds. The VH-VL interface within the 4H11-scFv is stabilized through an intricate network of 11 hydrogen bonds and a cation-π interaction. CONCLUSIONS Together, our studies offer insight into antibody-MUC16 ectodomain interaction and advance our ability to design agents with potentially improved therapeutic properties over anti-CA125 moiety antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangkook Lee
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kay Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, NE-CAT, Cornell University, Building 436E, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irva Veillard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thapi Dharma Rao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David R Spriggs
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oladapo O Yeku
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Rao TD, Xu M, Eng S, Yang G, Manson R, Rosales N, Kumar R, Veillard IE, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Ouerfelli O, Djaballah H, Spriggs DR, Yeku OO. Dual Fluorescence Isogenic Synthetic Lethal Kinase Screen and High-Content Secondary Screening for MUC16/CA125 Selective Agents. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:775-785. [PMID: 35413118 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant strides have been made in the development of precision therapeutics for cancer. Aberrantly expressed glycoproteins represent a potential avenue for therapeutic development. The MUC16/CA125 glycoprotein serves as a biomarker of disease and a driver of malignant transformation in epithelial ovarian cancer. Previously, we demonstrated a proof-of-principle approach to selectively targeting MUC16+ cells. In this report, we performed a synthetic lethal kinase screen using a human kinome RNAi library and identified key pathways preferentially targetable in MUC16+ cells using isogenic dual florescence ovarian cancer cell lines. Utilizing a separate approach, we performed high-content small-molecule screening of 6 different libraries of 356,982 compounds for MUC16/CA125 selective agents and identified lead candidates that showed preferential cytotoxicity in MUC16+ cells. Compounds with differential activity were selected and tested in various other ovarian cell lines or isogenic pairs to identify lead compounds for Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) selection. Lead siRNA and small molecule inhibitor candidates preferentially inhibited invasion of MUC16+ cells in vitro and in vivo and we show that this is due to decreased activation of MAP kinase, and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Taken together, we present a comprehensive screening approach to the development of a novel class of MUC16-selective targeted therapeutics and identify candidates suitable for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapi Dharma Rao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Stephanie Eng
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
| | - Guangli Yang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robin Manson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nestor Rosales
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raj Kumar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Qin Zhou
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | | | | | | | - Oladapo O Yeku
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Xin X, Yang ST. Development of a dual fluorescence system for simultaneous detection of two cell populations in a 3D coculture. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jimenez-Carretero D, Abrishami V, Fernández-de-Manuel L, Palacios I, Quílez-Álvarez A, Díez-Sánchez A, del Pozo MA, Montoya MC. Tox_(R)CNN: Deep learning-based nuclei profiling tool for drug toxicity screening. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006238. [PMID: 30500821 PMCID: PMC6291153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity is an important factor in failed drug development, and its efficient identification and prediction is a major challenge in drug discovery. We have explored the potential of microscopy images of fluorescently labeled nuclei for the prediction of toxicity based on nucleus pattern recognition. Deep learning algorithms obtain abstract representations of images through an automated process, allowing them to efficiently classify complex patterns, and have become the state-of-the art in machine learning for computer vision. Here, deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) were trained to predict toxicity from images of DAPI-stained cells pre-treated with a set of drugs with differing toxicity mechanisms. Different cropping strategies were used for training CNN models, the nuclei-cropping-based Tox_CNN model outperformed other models classifying cells according to health status. Tox_CNN allowed automated extraction of feature maps that clustered compounds according to mechanism of action. Moreover, fully automated region-based CNNs (RCNN) were implemented to detect and classify nuclei, providing per-cell toxicity prediction from raw screening images. We validated both Tox_(R)CNN models for detection of pre-lethal toxicity from nuclei images, which proved to be more sensitive and have broader specificity than established toxicity readouts. These models predicted toxicity of drugs with mechanisms of action other than those they had been trained for and were successfully transferred to other cell assays. The Tox_(R)CNN models thus provide robust, sensitive, and cost-effective tools for in vitro screening of drug-induced toxicity. These models can be adopted for compound prioritization in drug screening campaigns, and could thereby increase the efficiency of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jimenez-Carretero
- Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vahid Abrishami
- Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-de-Manuel
- Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Palacios
- Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Quílez-Álvarez
- Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae biology, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae biology, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. Montoya
- Cellomics Unit, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Rao TD, Tian H, Ma X, Yan X, Thapi S, Schultz N, Rosales N, Monette S, Wang A, Hyman DM, Levine DA, Solit D, Spriggs DR. Expression of the Carboxy-Terminal Portion of MUC16/CA125 Induces Transformation and Tumor Invasion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126633. [PMID: 25965947 PMCID: PMC4429113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CA125 antigen is found in the serum of many patients with serous ovarian cancer and has been widely used as a disease marker. CA125 has been shown to be an independent factor for clinical outcome in this disease. In The Cancer Genome Atlas ovarian cancer project, MUC16 expression levels are frequently increased, and the highest levels of MUC16 expression are linked to a significantly worse survival. To examine the biologic effect of the proximal portion of MUC16/CA125, NIH/3T3 (3T3) fibroblast cell lines were stably transfected with the carboxy elements of MUC16. As few as 114 amino acids from the carboxy-terminal portion of MUC16 were sufficient to increase soft agar growth, promote matrigel invasion, and increase the rate of tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Transformation with carboxy elements of MUC16 was associated with activation of the AKT and ERK pathways. MUC16 transformation was associated with up-regulation of a number of metastases and invasion gene transcripts, including IL-1β, MMP2, and MMP9. All observed oncogenic changes were exclusively dependent on the extracellular “ectodomain” of MUC16. The biologic impact of MUC16 was also explored through the creation of a transgenic mouse model expressing 354 amino acids of the carboxy-terminal portion of MUC16 (MUC16c354). Under a CMV, early enhancer plus chicken β actin promoter (CAG) MUC16c354 was well expressed in many organs, including the brain, colon, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, and spleen. MUC16c354 transgenic animals appear to be viable, fertile, and have a normal lifespan. However, when crossed with p53-deficient mice, the MUC16c354:p53+/- progeny displayed a higher frequency of spontaneous tumor development compared to p53+/- mice alone. We conclude that the carboxy-terminal portion of the MUC16/CA125 protein is oncogenic in NIH/3T3 cells, increases invasive tumor properties, activates the AKT and ERK pathways, and contributes to the biologic properties of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapi D. Rao
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Huasong Tian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xun Ma
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiujun Yan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sahityasri Thapi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nestor Rosales
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Amy Wang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David M. Hyman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David Solit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David R. Spriggs
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Singh S, Carpenter AE, Genovesio A. Increasing the Content of High-Content Screening: An Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:640-50. [PMID: 24710339 PMCID: PMC4230961 DOI: 10.1177/1087057114528537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Target-based high-throughput screening (HTS) has recently been critiqued for its relatively poor yield compared to phenotypic screening approaches. One type of phenotypic screening, image-based high-content screening (HCS), has been seen as particularly promising. In this article, we assess whether HCS is as high content as it can be. We analyze HCS publications and find that although the number of HCS experiments published each year continues to grow steadily, the information content lags behind. We find that a majority of high-content screens published so far (60−80%) made use of only one or two image-based features measured from each sample and disregarded the distribution of those features among each cell population. We discuss several potential explanations, focusing on the hypothesis that data analysis traditions are to blame. This includes practical problems related to managing large and multidimensional HCS data sets as well as the adoption of assay quality statistics from HTS to HCS. Both may have led to the simplification or systematic rejection of assays carrying complex and valuable phenotypic information. We predict that advanced data analysis methods that enable full multiparametric data to be harvested for entire cell populations will enable HCS to finally reach its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Singh
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anne E Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Auguste Genovesio
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA École Normale Supérieure, 45, Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris
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