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Konieva A, Deineka V, Diedkova K, Aguilar-Ferrer D, Lyndin M, Wennemuth G, Korniienko V, Kyrylenko S, Lihachev A, Zahorodna V, Baginskiy I, Coy E, Gogotsi O, Blacha-Grzechnik A, Simka W, Kube-Golovin I, Iatsunskyi I, Pogorielov M. MXene-Polydopamine-antiCEACAM1 Antibody Complex as a Strategy for Targeted Ablation of Melanoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43302-43316. [PMID: 39111771 PMCID: PMC11345726 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a method for eradicating tumor tissues through the use of photothermal materials and photosensitizing agents that absorb light energy from laser sources and convert it into heat, which selectively targets and destroys cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. MXenes have been intensively investigated as photosensitizing agents for PTT. However, achieving the selectivity of MXenes to the tumor cells remains a challenge. Specific antibodies (Ab) against tumor antigens can achieve homing of the photosensitizing agents toward tumor cells, but their immobilization on MXene received little attention. Here, we offer a strategy for the selective ablation of melanoma cells using MXene-polydopamine-antiCEACAM1 Ab complexes. We coated Ti3C2Tx MXene with polydopamine (PDA), a natural compound that attaches Ab to the MXene surface, followed by conjugation with an anti-CEACAM1 Ab. Our experiments confirm the biocompatibility of the Ti3C2Tx-PDA and Ti3C2Tx-PDA-antiCEACAM1 Ab complexes across various cell types. We also established a protocol for the selective ablation of CEACAM1-positive melanoma cells using near-infrared irradiation. The obtained complexes exhibit high selectivity and efficiency in targeting and eliminating CEACAM1-positive melanoma cells while sparing CEACAM1-negative cells. These results demonstrate the potential of MXene-PDA-Ab complexes for cancer therapy. They underline the critical role of targeted therapies in oncology, offering a promising avenue for the precise and safe treatment of melanoma and possibly other cancers characterized by specific biomarkers. Future research will aim to refine these complexes for clinical use, paving the way for new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Konieva
- Department
of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Biomedical
Research Center, Medical Institute, Sumy
State University, 31 Sanatornaya Str., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Deineka
- Biomedical
Research Center, Medical Institute, Sumy
State University, 31 Sanatornaya Str., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
- Insitute
of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University
of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kateryna Diedkova
- Biomedical
Research Center, Medical Institute, Sumy
State University, 31 Sanatornaya Str., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
- Insitute
of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University
of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Daniel Aguilar-Ferrer
- NanoBioMedical
Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 3, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej Str., 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Institut
Europeen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier,
ENSCM, CNRS, 34730 Montpellier, France
| | - Mykola Lyndin
- Department
of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Biomedical
Research Center, Medical Institute, Sumy
State University, 31 Sanatornaya Str., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Department
of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Viktoriia Korniienko
- Biomedical
Research Center, Medical Institute, Sumy
State University, 31 Sanatornaya Str., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
- Insitute
of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University
of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergiy Kyrylenko
- Biomedical
Research Center, Medical Institute, Sumy
State University, 31 Sanatornaya Str., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Alexey Lihachev
- Insitute
of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University
of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Ivan Baginskiy
- Biomedical
Research Center, Medical Institute, Sumy
State University, 31 Sanatornaya Str., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
- Materials
Research Centre, 3 Krzhizhanovskogo
Str., 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical
Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 3, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej Str., 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Oleksiy Gogotsi
- Biomedical
Research Center, Medical Institute, Sumy
State University, 31 Sanatornaya Str., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
- Materials
Research Centre, 3 Krzhizhanovskogo
Str., 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Agata Blacha-Grzechnik
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Simka
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Irina Kube-Golovin
- Department
of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Igor Iatsunskyi
- NanoBioMedical
Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 3, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej Str., 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maksym Pogorielov
- Biomedical
Research Center, Medical Institute, Sumy
State University, 31 Sanatornaya Str., 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
- Insitute
of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University
of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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Berland L, Gabr Z, Chang M, Ilié M, Hofman V, Rignol G, Ghiringhelli F, Mograbi B, Rashidian M, Hofman P. Further knowledge and developments in resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1384121. [PMID: 38903504 PMCID: PMC11188684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a revolution in cancer treatment, shifting from conventional drugs (chemotherapies) towards targeted molecular therapies and immune-based therapies, in particular immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These immunotherapies release the host's immune system against the tumor and have shown unprecedented durable remission for patients with cancers that were thought incurable, such as metastatic melanoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), microsatellite instability (MSI) high colorectal cancer and late stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, about 80% of the patients fail to respond to these immunotherapies and are therefore left with other less effective and potentially toxic treatments. Identifying and understanding the mechanisms that enable cancerous cells to adapt to and eventually overcome therapy can help circumvent resistance and improve treatment. In this review, we describe the recent discoveries on the onco-immunological processes which govern the tumor microenvironment and their impact on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Berland
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zeina Gabr
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Chang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marius Ilié
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033–00025), Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Véronique Hofman
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033–00025), Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Guylène Rignol
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
| | - Mohamad Rashidian
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul Hofman
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033–00025), Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
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Centonze M, Fiori V, Kujawski M, Li L, Wong P, Williams L, Di Mambro T, Dominici S, Sparti A, Shively JE, Magnani M. Development and characterization of DIA 12.3, a fully human intact anti-CEACAM1 monoclonal antibody. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295345. [PMID: 38346003 PMCID: PMC10861082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1), a homotypic cell adhesion molecule glycoprotein with apical expression on normal epithelial cells and activated lymphocytes, is overexpressed on many tumors and acts as an inhibitory receptor on NK cells, preventing their killing of CEACAM1 positive tumors. Production of humanized anti-CEACAM1 antibodies to block the inhibitory activity of CEACAM1 for immunotherapy and immunoimaging. Starting from a scFv, a fully human intact anti-CEACAM1 (DIA 12.3) that recognizes the N-terminal domain of CEACAM1 was developed and shown to bind CEACAM1 positive tumor cells and enhanced NK cell killing of CEACAM1 positive targets. DIA 12.3 bound to human neutrophils without activation, indicating they would be safe for human use. DIA 12.3 exhibited some cross-reactivity to CEACAM5, a tumor marker with high sequence homology to the N-terminal domain of CEACAM1. CEACAM1 PET imaging with 64Cu-COTA-DIA 12.3 showed excellent imaging of CEACAM1 positive tumors with reduced binding to CEACAM5 tumors. Based on its immunoinhibitory an immunoimaging activities, DIA 12.3 shows promise for therapeutic studies in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Centonze
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Maciej Kujawski
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Patty Wong
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Williams
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - John E. Shively
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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Chen CT, Chen CF, Lin TY, Hua WJ, Hua K, Tsai CY, Hsu CH. Traditional Chinese medicine Kuan-Sin-Yin decoction inhibits cell mobility via downregulation of CCL2, CEACAM1 and PIK3R3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116834. [PMID: 37355084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kuan-Sin-Yin (KSY) is a traditional Chinese medical decoction, designed based on the classic Si-Jun-Zi-Tang decoction and used clinically to improve the synergic effects of energy promotion, liver function and cancer related symptom and quality of life. However, the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) function of KSY is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-mobility activity of KSY on HCC cells and elucidate its molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two malignancy hepatocellular carcinoma cells, Mahlavu and SK-Hep-1, were used for the test of cell proliferation via alarm blue assay. The wound healing and Transwell assays were used to determine the anti-mobility activity of KSY in HCC cells. Cell morphology was analyzed via confocal microscopy. The genomic profile of KSY-treated HCC cells was analyzed by microarray. The potential signaling pathways and bio-functions of KSY-mediated genes were analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of indicated gene. RESULTS KSY did not affect cell viability of HCC cells but significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion in those HCC Mahlavu and SK-Hep-1 cells. In parallel, KSY induced changes in morphology of HCC cells via re-modulating actin cytoskeleton. KSY upregulated 1270 genes but reduced 1534 genes in Mahlavu cells. KSY regulated various gene networks which controlled cell migration, invasion and movement. Specifically, KSY reduced expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), which is correlated to cell mobility, and concomitantly downregulated mRNA levels of phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3) and CEA cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). CONCLUSION These findings indicated that regulation of CCL2-mediated PIK3R3 and CEACAM1 may be involved in KSY inhibited cell mobility. Moreover, KSY may be a potential a Chinese decoction for reducing cell mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Tan Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chian-Feng Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jyun Hua
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kate Hua
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yao Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan; General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Linsen, Chinese Medicine, and Kunming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li J, Chen Y, Fan Y, Wang H, Mu W, Liu X. Radiotherapy combined with anti-CEACAM1 immunotherapy to induce survival advantage in glioma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:32. [PMID: 36928507 PMCID: PMC10020409 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to observe the effect of radiotherapy on the expression of immune checkpoint molecule CEACAM1 in patients with glioma and the therapeutical effect of radiotherapy combined with blockade of CEACAM1 in mice with intracranial gliomas. METHODS The expression of CEACAM1 on T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with glioma was detected before and after radiotherapy; GL261 murine glioma cells (stably transfected with the luciferase gene) were implanted in the right caudate nucleus of C57BL/6 mice, and tumour growth was observed using the small animal in vivo imaging system. Mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) the isotype control; (2) the radiotherapy; (3) the anti-CEACAM1 treatment; and (4) the combination therapy. The survival of mice after treatment was recorded; the expression of CEACAM1 on murine glioma cells was detected by immunohistochemistry before and after radiotherapy; flow cytometry was adopted to detect CD8+ T-cells (Treg) (CD4+FoxP3+CD25+) among mouse brain-infiltrating T-cells; serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were detected by ELISA; proliferation and apoptosis were observed by immunohistochemistry; Retrospective RNA-seq data analysis was conducted in a cohort of 325 patients with glioma in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database and 702 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. RESULTS The expression of CEACAM1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the peripheral blood of patients with glioma was significantly higher 1 week after radiotherapy than before radiotherapy and was further increased 1 month after radiotherapy. Combined therapy notably inhibited the growth of intracranial tumours in mice and prolonged their survival time, with some mice being capable of surviving long-term (> 90 d). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of CEACAM1 in murine glioma tissues after radiotherapy was elevated in a time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed an increase in mouse brain-infiltrating CD8+ T-lymphocytes, a decrease in Treg cells, and an increase in CD8+ T/Treg cells after treatment. ELISA demonstrated the elevated levels of IFN and decreased levels of IL-10 in the serum of mice in the combination therapy group. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy combined with CEACAM1 inhibitors resulted in strong and durable anti-tumour immune responses against murine glioma and long-term survival of some mice. Hence, this study is expected to offer new effective immunotherapy strategies against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Immune Checkpoint and Other Receptor-Ligand Pairs Modulating Macrophages in Cancer: Present and Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235963. [PMID: 36497444 PMCID: PMC9736575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint blocking, has become the primary anti-tumor treatment in recent years. However, the current immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is far from satisfactory. Macrophages are a key component of anti-tumor immunity as they are a common immune cell subset in tumor tissues and act as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Hence, understanding the regulation of macrophage activation in tumor tissues by receptor-ligand interaction will provide promising macrophage-targeting strategies to complement current adaptive immunity-based immunotherapy and traditional anti-tumor treatment. This review aims to offer a systematic summary of the current advances in number, structure, expression, biological function, and interplay of immune checkpoint and other receptor-ligand between macrophages and tumor cells.
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Activation of CEACAM1 with an agonistic monoclonal antibody results in inhibition of melanoma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1676-1685. [PMID: 35681020 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory receptors (IRs), such as the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), are cell surface molecules expressed on both normal epithelial, endothelial, and hematopoietic cells and on neoplastic cells. IRs are usually used by cancer cells to inhibit immune cell functions. Thus, CEACAM1 positive tumor cells can interact homophilically with CEACAM1 expressed on T and NK cells to inhibit their antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In this study, we investigated the effect of agonistic/activating anti-CEACAM1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on melanoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo, following our hypothesis that activation of CEACAM1 on melanoma cells by distinct mAbs may induce inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and/or their death. To address this, we established an activating anti-CEACAM1 mAb (CCM5.01) and characterized its binding to the CEACAM1 receptor. Using this mAb, we assessed the expression of CEACAM1 on four different human melanoma cell lines by western blot and flow cytometry and determined its effect on cell viability in vitro by MTT assay. Furthermore, we evaluated the mAb mechanism of action and found that binding of CEACAM1 with CCM5.01 induced SHP1 phosphorylation and p53 activation resulting in melanoma cell apoptosis. For in vivo studies, a xenograft model of melanoma was performed by injection of Mel-14 cells subcutaneously (s.c.) in SCID/Beige mice followed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of CCM5.01 or of IgG1 isotype control every other day. CCM5.01 treated mice showed a slight but not significant decrease in tumor weight in comparison to the control group. Based on the obtained data, we suggest that activating CEACAM1 on melanoma cells might be a promising novel approach to fight cancers expressing this IR.
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Madheswaran S, Mungra N, Biteghe FAN, De la Croix Ndong J, Arowolo AT, Adeola HA, Ramamurthy D, Naran K, Khumalo NP, Barth S. Antibody-Based Targeted Interventions for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Cancers. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:162-186. [PMID: 32723261 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200728123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous malignancies most commonly arise from skin epidermal cells. These cancers may rapidly progress from benign to a metastatic phase. Surgical resection represents the gold standard therapeutic treatment of non-metastatic skin cancer while chemo- and/or radiotherapy are often used against metastatic tumors. However, these therapeutic treatments are limited by the development of resistance and toxic side effects, resulting from the passive accumulation of cytotoxic drugs within healthy cells. OBJECTIVE This review aims to elucidate how the use of monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) targeting specific Tumor Associated Antigens (TAAs) is paving the way to improved treatment. These mAbs are used as therapeutic or diagnostic carriers that can specifically deliver cytotoxic molecules, fluorophores or radiolabels to cancer cells that overexpress specific target antigens. RESULTS mAbs raised against TAAs are widely in use for e.g. differential diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of skin cancers. Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) particularly show remarkable potential. The safest ADCs reported to date use non-toxic photo-activatable Photosensitizers (PSs), allowing targeted Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) resulting in targeted delivery of PS into cancer cells and selective killing after light activation without harming the normal cell population. The use of near-infrared-emitting PSs enables both diagnostic and therapeutic applications upon light activation at the specific wavelengths. CONCLUSION Antibody-based approaches are presenting an array of opportunities to complement and improve current methods employed for skin cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Madheswaran
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neelakshi Mungra
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fleury A N Biteghe
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jean De la Croix Ndong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY, United States
| | - Afolake T Arowolo
- The Hair and Skin Research Lab, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Henry A Adeola
- The Hair and Skin Research Lab, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dharanidharan Ramamurthy
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Krupa Naran
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla P Khumalo
- The Hair and Skin Research Lab, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Galore-Haskel G, Greenberg E, Yahav I, Markovits E, Ortenberg R, Shapira-Fromer R, Itzhaki O, Schachter J, Besser MJ, Markel G. microRNA expression patterns in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are strongly associated with response to adoptive cell transfer therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1541-1555. [PMID: 33201337 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) using autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was previously shown to yield clinical response in metastatic melanoma patients as an advanced line. Unfortunately, there is no reliable marker for predicting who will benefit from the treatment. We analyzed TIL samples from the infusion bags used for treatment of 57 metastatic melanoma patients and compared their microRNA profiles. The discovery cohort included six responding patients and seven patients with progressive disease, as defined by RECIST1.1. High throughput analysis with NanoString nCounter demonstrated significantly higher levels of miR-34a-5p and miR-22-3p among TIL from non-responders. These results were validated in TIL infusion bag samples from an independent cohort of 44 patients, using qRT-PCR of the individual microRNAs. Using classification trees, a data-driven predictive model for response was built, based on the level of expression of these microRNAs. Patients that achieved stable disease were classified with responders, setting apart the patients with progressive disease. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-34a-5p in the infused TIL created distinct survival groups, which strongly supports its role as a potential biomarker for TIL-ACT therapy. Indeed, when tested against autologous melanoma cells, miRLow TIL cultures exhibited significantly higher cytotoxic activity than miRHigh TIL cultures, and expressed features of terminally exhausted effectors. Finally, overexpression of miR-34a-5p or miR-22-3p in TIL inhibited their cytotoxic ability in vitro. Overall, we show that a two-microRNA signature correlates with failure of TIL-ACT therapy and survival in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Inbal Yahav
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ettai Markovits
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Ronnie Shapira-Fromer
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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10
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Lake CM, Voss K, Bauman BM, Pohida K, Jiang T, Dveksler G, Snow AL. TIM-3 drives temporal differences in restimulation-induced cell death sensitivity in effector CD8 + T cells in conjunction with CEACAM1. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:400. [PMID: 33854046 PMCID: PMC8046753 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune homeostasis depends upon effective clearance of pathogens while simultaneously preventing autoimmunity and immunopathology in the host. Restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) is one such mechanism where by activated T cells receive subsequent antigenic stimulation, reach a critical signal threshold through the T cell receptor (TCR), and commit to apoptosis. Many details of this process remain unclear, including the role of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory proteins that influence the TCR signaling cascade. Here we characterize the role of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 3 (TIM-3) in RICD regulation. TIM-3 protected newly activated CD8+ effector T cells from premature RICD during clonal expansion. Surprisingly, however, we found that TIM-3 potentiated RICD in late-stage effector T cells. The presence of TIM-3 increased proximal TCR signaling and proapoptotic protein expression in late-stage effector T cells, with no consistent signaling effects noted in newly activated cells with or without TIM-3. To better explain these differences in TIM-3 function as T cells aged, we characterized the temporal pattern of TIM-3 expression in effector T cells. We found that TIM-3 was expressed on the surface of newly activated effector T cells, but remained largely intracellular in late-stage effector cells. Consistent with this, TIM-3 required a ligand to prevent early RICD, whereas ligand manipulation had no effects at later stages. Of the known TIM-3 ligands, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM1) showed the greatest difference in surface expression over time and also protected newly activated cells from premature RICD, with no measurable effects in late-stage effectors. Indeed, CEACAM1 enabled TIM-3 surface expression on T cells, implying a co-dependency for these proteins in protecting expanding T cells from premature RICD. Our findings suggest that co-signaling proteins like TIM-3 and CEACAM1 can alter RICD sensitivity at different stages of the effector T cell response, with important implications for checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Lake
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Kelsey Voss
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Bradly M Bauman
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Katherine Pohida
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Timothy Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
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11
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Smart JA, Oleksak JE, Hartsough EJ. Cell Adhesion Molecules in Plasticity and Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:25-37. [PMID: 33004622 PMCID: PMC7785660 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prior to metastasis, modern therapeutics and surgical intervention can provide a favorable long-term survival for patients diagnosed with many types of cancers. However, prognosis is poor for patients with metastasized disease. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, yet in situ and localized, thin melanomas can be biopsied with little to no postsurgical follow-up. However, patients with metastatic melanoma require significant clinical involvement and have a 5-year survival of only 34% to 52%, largely dependent on the site of colonization. Melanoma metastasis is a multi-step process requiring dynamic changes in cell surface proteins regulating adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix (ECM), stroma, and other cancer cells in varied tumor microenvironments. Here we will highlight recent literature to underscore how cell adhesion molecules (CAM) contribute to melanoma disease progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Smart
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia E Oleksak
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward J Hartsough
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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12
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Qian W, Huang P, Liang X, Chen Y, Guan B. High expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-associated cell adhesion molecule 1 is associated with microangiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:4762-4769. [PMID: 35117839 PMCID: PMC8798924 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-19-2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Carcinoembryonic antigen-associated cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) plays an important role in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis by regulating angiogenesis. However, the expression of CEACAM1 in esophageal cancer tissues and its relationship with microvessel density (MVD) has not been investigated before. Methods MVD and the expression of CEACAM1 in 80 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Statistical analyses were conducted to test the associations between CEACAM1 expression, MVD level, clinicopathologic factors, and prognosis. Results The expression level of CEACAM1 was significantly correlated with the level of MVD. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant correlations between local recurrence and distant metastasis in high MVD and high CEACAM-1 expression group. Kaplan-Meier analysis also showed a poorer survival rate in patients with high MVD or high CEACAM-1. Univariate analysis showed that MVD levels, CEACAM1 expression, lymph node metastasis, and patient's age were prognostic factors for postoperative ESCC. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that the significance of the prognostic effect of CEACAM-1 expression observed by univariate analysis disappeared when analyzed together with MVD, suggesting that the prognostic impact of CEACAM1 expression was dependent on MVD level, while MVD was still a significant prognostic factor for adverse cancer-related survival (P=0.001). Conclusions The CEACAM1 expression is a potential prognostic factor for postoperative ESCC combined with MVD level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Qian
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Department of Respiratory, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingxin Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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13
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Baruch EN, Ortenberg R, Avivi C, Anafi L, Dick-Necula D, Stossel C, Moshkovits Y, Itzhaki O, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Barshack I, Markel G. Immune co-culture cell microarray - a feasible tool for high-throughput functional investigation of lymphocyte-cancer interactions. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1741267. [PMID: 32373399 PMCID: PMC7194292 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1741267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Omics analyses often result in dozens to hundreds of potential targets, requiring validation for their biological relevance. Current high-throughput functional investigation methods are frequently labor-intensive, expensive, and display low reproducibility. The Immune Co-Culture Cell Microarray (ICCM) is a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cell block microarray based on co-cultures of patient-derived tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their autologous melanoma cells. Each ICCM slide represents the same experiment and can be stained using standard immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Functional dynamics assessment of both proteins and microRNAs using ICCM stained slides demonstrated similar findings to flow cytometry assays and to previously published patient-derived biopsy reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Nissim Baruch
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Pathological Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Anafi
- Pathological Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniela Dick-Necula
- Pathological Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chani Stossel
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel
| | - Yonatan Moshkovits
- School of Of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel
| | - Michal Judith Besser
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel
- School of Of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Pathological Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
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14
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Rayes RF, Vourtzoumis P, Bou Rjeily M, Seth R, Bourdeau F, Giannias B, Berube J, Huang YH, Rousseau S, Camilleri-Broet S, Blumberg RS, Beauchemin N, Najmeh S, Cools-Lartigue J, Spicer JD, Ferri LE. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Associated CEACAM1 as a Putative Therapeutic Target to Prevent Metastatic Progression of Colon Carcinoma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2285-2294. [PMID: 32169849 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils promote tumor growth and metastasis at multiple stages of cancer progression. One mechanism through which this occurs is via release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We have previously shown that NETs trap tumor cells in both the liver and the lung, increasing their adhesion and metastasis following postoperative complications. Multiple studies have since shown that NETs play a role in tumor progression and metastasis. NETs are composed of nuclear DNA-derived web-like structures decorated with neutrophil-derived proteins. However, it is unknown which, if any, of these NET-affiliated proteins is responsible for inducing the metastatic phenotype. In this study, we identify the NET-associated carcinoembryonic Ag cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) as an essential element for this interaction. Indeed, blocking CEACAM1 on NETs, or knocking it out in a murine model, leads to a significant decrease in colon carcinoma cell adhesion, migration and metastasis. Thus, this work identifies NET-associated CEACAM1 as a putative therapeutic target to prevent the metastatic progression of colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F Rayes
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Phil Vourtzoumis
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marianne Bou Rjeily
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Rashmi Seth
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Betty Giannias
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Julie Berube
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yu-Hwa Huang
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sophie Camilleri-Broet
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | | | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sara Najmeh
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jonathan Cools-Lartigue
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lorenzo E Ferri
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada;
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15
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Feldman T, Grossman-Haham I, Elkis Y, Vilela P, Moskovits N, Barshack I, Salame TM, Fass D, Ilani T. Inhibition of fibroblast secreted QSOX1 perturbs extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment and decreases tumor growth and metastasis in murine cancer models. Oncotarget 2020; 11:386-398. [PMID: 32064042 PMCID: PMC6996906 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in tumor development and dissemination, but few points of therapeutic intervention targeting ECM of the tumor microenvironment have been exploited to date. Recent observations suggest that the enzymatic introduction of disulfide bond cross-links into the ECM may be modulated to affect cancer progression. Specifically, the disulfide bond-forming activity of the enzyme Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is required by fibroblasts to assemble ECM components for adhesion and migration of cancer cells. Based on this finding and the increased QSOX1 expression in the stroma of aggressive breast carcinomas, we developed monoclonal antibody inhibitors with the aim of preventing QSOX1 from participating in pro-metastatic ECM remodeling. Here we show that QSOX1 inhibitory antibodies decreased tumor growth and metastasis in murine cancer models and had added benefits when provided together with chemotherapy. Mechanistically, the inhibitors dampened stromal participation in tumor development, as the tumors of treated animals showed fewer myofibroblasts and poorer ECM organization. Thus, our findings demonstrate that specifically targeting excess stromal QSOX1 secreted in response to tumor-cell signaling provides a means to modulate the tumor microenvironment and may complement other therapeutic approaches in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Feldman
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Iris Grossman-Haham
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yoav Elkis
- Almog Diagnostic, Shoham 6081513, Israel
| | - Patrick Vilela
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Neta Moskovits
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomer M Salame
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Deborah Fass
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tal Ilani
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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16
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Targeting Negative and Positive Immune Checkpoints with Monoclonal Antibodies in Therapy of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111756. [PMID: 31717326 PMCID: PMC6895894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoints are regulatory molecules that maintain immune homeostasis in physiological conditions. By sending T cells a series of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory signals via receptors, immune checkpoints can both protect healthy tissues from adaptive immune response and activate lymphocytes to remove pathogens effectively. However, due to their mode of action, suppressive immune checkpoints may serve as unwanted protection for cancer cells. To restore the functioning of the immune system and make the patient’s immune cells able to recognize and destroy tumors, monoclonal antibodies are broadly used in cancer immunotherapy to block the suppressive or to stimulate the positive immune checkpoints. In this review, we aim to present the current state of application of monoclonal antibodies in clinics, used either as single agents or in a combined treatment. We discuss the limitations of these therapies and possible problem-solving with combined treatment approaches involving both non-biological and biological agents. We also highlight the most promising strategies based on the use of monoclonal or bispecific antibodies targeted on immune checkpoints other than currently implemented in clinics.
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17
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Kim WM, Huang YH, Gandhi A, Blumberg RS. CEACAM1 structure and function in immunity and its therapeutic implications. Semin Immunol 2019; 42:101296. [PMID: 31604530 PMCID: PMC6814268 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The type I membrane protein receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) distinctively exhibits significant alternative splicing that allows for tunable functions upon homophilic binding. CEACAM1 is highly expressed in the tumor environment and is strictly regulated on lymphocytes such that its expression is restricted to activated cells where it is now recognized to function in tolerance pathways. CEACAM1 is also an important target for microbes which have co-opted these attributes of CEACAM1 for the purposes of invading the host and evading the immune system. These properties, among others, have focused attention on CEACAM1 as a unique target for immunotherapy in autoimmunity and cancer. This review examines recent structural information derived from the characterization of CEACAM1:CEACAM1 interactions and heterophilic modes of binding especially to microbes and how this relates to CEACAM1 function. Through this, we aim to provide insights into targeting CEACAM1 for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter M Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Hwa Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amit Gandhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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18
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Size Matters: The Functional Role of the CEACAM1 Isoform Signature and Its Impact for NK Cell-Mediated Killing in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030356. [PMID: 30871206 PMCID: PMC6468645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and treatment resistant type of skin cancer. It is characterized by continuously rising incidence and high mortality rate due to its high metastatic potential. Various types of cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in tumor progression in melanoma. One of these, the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), is a multi-functional receptor protein potentially expressed in epithelia, endothelia, and leukocytes. CEACAM1 often appears in four isoforms differing in the length of their extracellular and intracellular domains. Both the CEACAM1 expression in general, and the ratio of the expressed CEACAM1 splice variants appear very dynamic. They depend on both the cell activation stage and the cell growth phase. Interestingly, normal melanocytes are negative for CEACAM1, while melanomas often show high expression. As a cell–cell communication molecule, CEACAM1 mediates the direct interaction between tumor and immune cells. In the tumor cell this interaction leads to functional inhibitions, and indirectly to decreased cancer cell immunogenicity by down-regulation of ligands of the NKG2D receptor. On natural killer (NK) cells it inhibits NKG2D-mediated cytolysis and signaling. This review focuses on novel mechanistic insights into CEACAM1 isoforms for NK cell-mediated immune escape mechanisms in melanoma, and their clinical relevance in patients suffering from malignant melanoma.
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19
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Nichita L, Zurac S, Bastian A, Stinga P, Nedelcu R, Brinzea A, Turcu G, Ion D, Jilaveanu L, Sticlaru L, Popp C, Cioplea M. Comparative analysis of CEACAM1 expression in thin melanomas with and without regression. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4149-4154. [PMID: 30944609 PMCID: PMC6444332 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a key molecule in several intracellular and intercellular signaling pathways, with multiple functional and structural roles. CEACAM1 expression in melanoma is often described in the invading part of the tumor and has been associated with increased melanoma cells invasion and migration. We studied CEACAM1 expression in regressing versus non-regressing thin melanomas, knowing that phenomenon of regression represents a valuable model for understanding tumor immunity. In melanoma, through homophilic interactions, CEACAM1 inhibits natural killer cell activity, inhibits effector functions of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, such as cytotoxicity and interferon-γ release. We present a retrospective study including 53 consecutive cases of thin melanoma, 21 with regression and 32 without regression. Comparative analysis of CEACAM1 expression in regressed and non-regressed areas from melanomas with regression and in non-regressed melanomas was performed. We used three different clones of CEACAM1: AA 1-428, extracellular domain, rabbit; AA 1-428, mouse, clone 8B6E2F4; and AA 1-468, full length, mouse, clone 2F6. All three clones had similar reactivity. We identified membrane positivity of tumor cells in non-regressed melanomas and in non-regressed areas in melanomas with regression. Remaining tumor cells in regressed areas were mostly negative for CEACAM1. In non-regressed lesions, there was a stronger positivity of CEACAM1 in the deep invasive front. In thin melanomas, CEACAM1 overexpression is related with invasiveness, suggesting that CEACAM1-positive melanomas are more aggressive. Also, in areas of regression tumor cells lose CEACAM1 expression, probably correlated with the presence of natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Nichita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010221 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010221 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bastian
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010221 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Patricia Stinga
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Nedelcu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alice Brinzea
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Turcu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Ion
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucia Jilaveanu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 208028, USA
| | - Liana Sticlaru
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Popp
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Cioplea
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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20
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Margolis N, Markovits E, Markel G. Reprogramming lymphocytes for the treatment of melanoma: From biology to therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:104-124. [PMID: 31276707 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This decade has introduced drastic changes in melanoma therapy, predominantly due to the materialization of the long promise of immunotherapy. Cytotoxic T cells are the chief component of the immune system, which are targeted by different strategies aimed to increase their capacity against melanoma cells. To this end, reprogramming of T cells occurs by T cell centered manipulation, targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment or altering the whole patient. These are enabled by delivery of small molecules, functional monoclonal antibodies, different subunit vaccines, as well as living lymphocytes, native or genetically engineered. Current FDA-approved therapies are focused on direct T cell manipulation, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors blocking CTLA-4 and/or PD-1, which paves the way for an effective immunotherapy backbone available for combination with other modalities. Here we review the biology and clinical developments that enable melanoma immunotherapy today and in the future.
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21
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Lucarini G, Zizzi A, Re M, Sayeed MA, Di Primio R, Rubini C. Prognostic implication of CEACAM1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: Pilot study. Head Neck 2018; 41:1615-1621. [PMID: 30582236 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CEACAM1, a valuable biomarker for several cancers, have remained unexplored up to the present in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We aimed to examine CEACAM1 expression and evaluate its combinational clinical significance for the diagnosis or prognosis and treatment decision making in LSCC. METHODS CEACAM1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 54 LSCCs and evaluate its correlation with clinical and histopathological features. RESULTS CEACAM subtype 1 (CEACAM1) expression was positive in 50% of the cases. No significant difference was observed in relation to age, gender, tumor size, and tumor stage. CEACAM1 expression correlated with tumor grade, development of local recurrence, node and distant metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that CEACAM1 staining was inversely correlated with both overall and disease-specific 5-year survival. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate that CEACAM1 expression is associated with an adverse prognosis in LSCC. CEACAM1 is a valuable biomarker and a promising therapeutic target in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinic and Molecular Sciences, Histology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Zizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathologic Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Re
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Umberto I University General Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Md Abu Sayeed
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Primio
- Department of Clinic and Molecular Sciences, Histology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathologic Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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22
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Ye S, Cowled CJ, Yap CH, Stambas J. Deep sequencing of primary human lung epithelial cells challenged with H5N1 influenza virus reveals a proviral role for CEACAM1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15468. [PMID: 30341336 PMCID: PMC6195505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Current prophylactic and therapeutic strategies targeting human influenza viruses include vaccines and antivirals. Given variable rates of vaccine efficacy and antiviral resistance, alternative strategies are urgently required to improve disease outcomes. Here we describe the use of HiSeq deep sequencing to analyze host gene expression in primary human alveolar epithelial type II cells infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. At 24 hours post-infection, 623 host genes were significantly upregulated, including the cell adhesion molecule CEACAM1. H5N1 virus infection stimulated significantly higher CEACAM1 protein expression when compared to influenza A PR8 (H1N1) virus, suggesting a key role for CEACAM1 in influenza virus pathogenicity. Furthermore, silencing of endogenous CEACAM1 resulted in reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, as well as reduced levels of virus replication following H5N1 infection. Our study provides evidence for the involvement of CEACAM1 in a clinically relevant model of H5N1 infection and may assist in the development of host-oriented antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Ye
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia. .,AAHL CSIRO Deakin Collaborative Biosecurity Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Cheng-Hon Yap
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Stambas
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.,AAHL CSIRO Deakin Collaborative Biosecurity Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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23
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McLeod RL, Angagaw MH, Baral TN, Liu L, Moniz RJ, Laskey J, Hsieh S, Lee M, Han JH, Issafras H, Javaid S, Loboda A, Sadekova S, O'Connor JA, Tse A, Punnonen J. Characterization of murine CEACAM1 in vivo reveals low expression on CD8 + T cells and no tumor growth modulating activity by anti-CEACAM1 mAb CC1. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34459-34470. [PMID: 30349641 PMCID: PMC6195382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) has been reported to mediate both tumorigenic and anti-tumor effects in vivo. Blockade of the CEACAM1 signaling pathway has recently been implicated as a novel mechanism for cancer immunotherapy. CC1, a mouse anti-CEACAM1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), has been widely used as a pharmacological tool in preclinical studies to inform on CEACAM1 pathway biology although limited data are available on its CEACAM1 blocking characteristics or pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic profiles. We sought to investigate CEACAM1 expression on mouse tumor and immune cells, characterize CC1 mAb binding, and evaluate CC1 in syngeneic mouse oncology models as a monotherapy and in combination with an anti-PD-1 mAb. CEACAM1 expression was observed at high levels on neutrophils, NK cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), while the expression on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells was low. Unexpectedly, rather than blocking, CC1 facilitated binding of soluble CEACAM1 to CEACAM1 expressing cells. No anti-tumor effects were observed in CT26, MBT2 or A20 models when tested up to 30 mg/kg dose, a dose that was estimated to achieve >90% target engagement in vivo. Taken together, tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells express low levels of CEACAM1 and CC1 Ab mediates no or minimal anti-tumor effects in vivo, as a monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD-1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie L McLeod
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Minilik H Angagaw
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Toya Nath Baral
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Liming Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Raymond Joseph Moniz
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jason Laskey
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - SuChun Hsieh
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mike Lee
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jin-Hwan Han
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hassan Issafras
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Javaid
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Andrey Loboda
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Svetlana Sadekova
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joann A O'Connor
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Archie Tse
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Juha Punnonen
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.,Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
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24
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Wicklein D, Otto B, Suling A, Elies E, Lüers G, Lange T, Feldhaus S, Maar H, Schröder-Schwarz J, Brunner G, Wagener C, Schumacher U. CEACAM1 promotes melanoma metastasis and is involved in the regulation of the EMT associated gene network in melanoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11893. [PMID: 30089785 PMCID: PMC6082866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the functional role of CEACAM1 in a spontaneous metastasis xenograft model of human melanoma in scid mice using BRAF wildtype MeWo cells with and without RNAi mediated knockdown of CEACAM1. Tumors from the xenograft model were subjected to whole genome expression analysis and metastasis was quantified histologically. Results and identified markers were verified using tissue samples of over 100 melanoma patients. Knockdown of CEACAM1 prolonged the animals' survival by significantly reducing subcutaneous growth of MeWo tumors and spontaneous lung metastasis. Microarray analysis revealed a strong influence of CEACAM1 knockdown on the network of EMT associated genes in the xenograft tumors (e.g. downregulation of BRAF, FOSL1, NRAS and TWIST). IGFBP7 and Latexin (highest up- and downregulated expression in microarray analysis) were found to be associated with longer and shorter survival, respectively, of melanoma patients. High FOSL1 and altered TWIST1 expression were found to be correlated with shortened survival in the cohort of melanoma patients. After a stepwise selection procedure combining above markers, multivariate analysis revealed IGFBP7, Latexin and altered TWIST to be prognostic markers for death. CEACAM1 could be a target for melanoma therapy as an alternative to (or in combination with) immune checkpoint and BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wicklein
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Otto
- Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Suling
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Elies
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Lüers
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Feldhaus
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Maar
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schröder-Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Brunner
- Department of Cancer Research, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany
- NeraCare GmbH, Bönen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wagener
- Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Prognostic Impact of CEACAM1 in Node-Negative Ovarian Cancer Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:6714287. [PMID: 30050594 PMCID: PMC6046165 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6714287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of ovarian cancer (OvCa) dissemination are still poorly understood, and novel molecular markers for this cancer type are urgently needed. In search of adhesion molecules with prognostic relevance in OvCa, we compared tumors with good outcome (alive > 3 years) and those with poor outcome (dead < 2 years) within data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) turned out as the only gene with differential expression in these groups. In order to further investigation on its role in OvCa, we analyzed CEACAM1 mRNA levels extracted from TCGA microarray data (n = 517) as well as CEACAM1 protein expression by Western blot analysis in a cohort of 242 tumor samples. Further, CEACAM1 localization in tumour tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and CEACAM1 splice variants by RT-PCR in representative tumours. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, high CEACAM1 mRNA levels significantly correlated with longer survival (p = 0.008). By Western blot analysis in the second cohort, similar associations of high CEACAM1 protein levels with longer recurrence-free survival (RFS, p = 0.035) and overall survival (OAS, p = 0.004) were observed. In multivariate Cox regression analysis including clinical prognostic parameters, CEACAM1 mRNA or protein expression turned out as independent prognostic markers. Stratified survival analysis showed that high CEACAM1 protein expression was prognostic in node-negative tumors (p = 0.045 and p = 0.0002 for DFS and OAS) but lost prognostic significance in node-positive carcinomas. Similarly, high CEACAM1 mRNA expression did not show prognostic relevance in tumors with lymphatic invasion (L1) but was associated with longer survival in cases without lymphovascular involvement. Further analysis showed a predominance of 4S and 4L isoforms and mostly membraneous CEACAM1 localization in ovarian tumours. Our results suggest that CEACAM1 might be an independent favorable prognostic marker in OvCa, especially in the subgroup of patients with solely intraperitoneal metastasis.
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26
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Kfir-Elirachman K, Ortenberg R, Vizel B, Besser MJ, Barshack I, Schachter J, Nemlich Y, Markel G. Regulation of CEACAM1 Protein Expression by the Transcription Factor ETS-1 in BRAF-Mutant Human Metastatic Melanoma Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 20:401-409. [PMID: 29558679 PMCID: PMC5909674 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF becomes constitutively activated in 50% to 70% of melanoma cases. CEACAM1 has a dual role in melanoma, including facilitation of cell proliferation and suppression of infiltrating lymphocytes, which are consistent with its value as a marker for poor prognosis in melanoma patients. Here we show that BRAFV600E melanoma cells treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors (MAPKi) downregulate CEACAM1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and exposure time–dependent manners. Indeed, there is a significant correlation between the presence of BRAFV600E and CEACAM1 expression in melanoma specimens obtained from 45 patients. Vemurafenib-resistant cell systems reactivate the MAPK pathway and restore basal CEACAM1 mRNA and protein levels. These combined results suggest transcriptional regulation. Indeed, luciferase reporting assays show that CEACAM1 promoter (CEACAM1p) activity is significantly reduced by MAPKi. Importantly, we show that the MAPK-driven CEACAM1p activity is mediated by ETS1, a major transcription factor and downstream effector of the MAPK pathway. Phosphorylation mutant ETS1T38A shows a dominant negative effect over CEACAM1 expression. The data are consistent with independent RNAseq data from serial biopsies of melanoma patients treated with BRAF inhibitors, which demonstrate similar CEACAM1 downregulation. Finally, we show that CEACAM1 downregulation by MAPKi renders the cells more sensitive to T-cell activation. These results provide a new view on a potential immunological mechanism of action of MAPKi in melanoma, as well as on the aggressive phenotype observed in drug-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kfir-Elirachman
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel
| | - Bella Vizel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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27
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Lidar M, Giat E, Garelick D, Horowitz Y, Amital H, Steinberg-Silman Y, Schachter J, Shapira-Frommer R, Markel G. Rheumatic manifestations among cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:284-289. [PMID: 29341936 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has grown incessantly since they were first approved in 2014. These monoclonal antibodies inhibit T cell activation, yielding a dramatic tumor response with improved survival. However, immunotherapy is frequently hampered by immune adverse events (iAE) such as hypophysitis, colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis and rash. Until recently, rheumatic side effects were only infrequently reported. AIM To describe the rheumatic manifestations encountered among patients treated with ICIs in a large tertiary cancer center in Israel METHODS: The cancer center's patient registry was screened for patients who had ever been treated with ipilimumab, pembrolizumab and/or nivolumab with relevant data gathered from clinical charts. RESULTS Rheumatic manifestations were encountered in 14 of 400 patients (3.5%) who had received immunotherapy between January 1st 2013 and April 30th, 2017. The most common rheumatic manifestation was inflammatory arthritis (85%) for which a third (4/11) had a clear cut predisposing factor such as a personal or family history of psoriasis, a prior episode of uveitis or ACPA positivity. Pulmonary sarcoidosis and biopsy-proven eosinophilic fasciitis were diagnosed in two additional patients. Treatment with NSAIDS was mostly unsuccessful while steroid therapy was beneficial in doses ≥20 mg/d. Methotrexate enabled steroid tapering without an excess of side effects or tumor progression in the short follow-up available. Overall, rheumatic manifestations tended to occur later in the course of immunotherapy as compared to other iAE. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore that rheumatic iAE are part of the side effect profile of ICIs and require heightened awareness as these therapies are becoming the standard of care for various malignancies. We show that these appear later in the course of iAEs and respond preferentially to high dose steroids. MTX appears effective as a steroid sparing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Lidar
- Rheumatology Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Eitan Giat
- Rheumatology Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | | | - Howard Amital
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Jacob Schachter
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Gal Markel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
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28
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Li J, Liu X, Duan Y, Wang H, Su W, Wang Y, Zhuang G, Fan Y. Abnormal expression of circulating and tumor-infiltrating carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 in patients with glioma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3496-3503. [PMID: 29467871 PMCID: PMC5796289 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, the most prevalent primary tumor of the central nervous system, is known to evade immune surveillance and escape immune attacks by inducing immunosuppression. The homophilic interactions of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) serve a critical function in immunoregulation. In the present study, the expression levels of CEACAM1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from patients with gliomas were assessed. Furthermore, associations between CEACAM1 expression and multiple clinicopathological characteristics in patients with gliomas were analyzed. The results of the present study suggested that the expression of CEACAM1 in circulating T cells was markedly increased in patients with gliomas compared with control subjects, and was further increased in TILs. Patients with high-grade gliomas [World Health Organization (WHO) grade III–IV] demonstrated a significantly increased expression of CEACAM1 on T cells compared with those with low-grade gliomas (WHO grade I–II). Furthermore, the expression of CEACAM1 on T cells was negatively correlated with the Karnofsky score and the plasma level of interferon-γ in patients with gliomas. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression levels of CEACAM1 in high-grade glioma tissues (WHO grade III–IV) were increased compared with the expression levels in the controls, and were associated with the expression of CEACAM1 in TILs. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that homophilic interactions of CEACAM1 may participate in the progression and development of gliomas through their negative regulatory effects on T cells. Thus, CEACAM1 may be a promising candidate for targeted glioma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Hongqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, P.R. China
| | - Guotao Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, Shanxi 037006, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a powerful form of immunotherapy by inducing durable complete responses that significantly extend the survival of melanoma patients. Mutation-derived neoantigens were recently identified as key factors for tumor recognition and rejection by TILs. The isolation of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes directed against neoantigens and their retransduction into peripheral T cells may provide a new form of ACT.Genetic modifications of T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have demonstrated remarkable clinical results in hematologic malignancies, but are so far less effective in solid tumors. Only very limited reports exist in melanoma. Progress in CAR T-cell engineering, including neutralization of inhibitory signals or additional safety switches, may open opportunities also in melanoma.We review clinical results and latest developments of adoptive therapies with TILs, T-cell receptor, and CAR-modified T cells and discuss future directions for the treatment of melanoma.
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30
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Baruch EN, Berg AL, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Markel G. Adoptive T cell therapy: An overview of obstacles and opportunities. Cancer 2017; 123:2154-2162. [PMID: 28543698 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in cancer patients was first acknowledged 3 decades ago, but it was an esoteric approach at the time. In recent years, technological advancements have transformed ACT into a viable therapeutic option that can be curative in some patients. In fact, current ACT response rates are 80% to 90% for hematological malignancies and 30% for metastatic melanoma refractory to multiple lines of therapy. Although these results are encouraging, there is still much to be done to fulfill ACT's potential, specifically with regard to improving clinical efficacy, expanding clinical indications, reducing toxicity, and increasing production and cost-effectiveness. This review addresses the current major obstacles to ACT and presents potential solutions. Cancer 2017;123:2154-62. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Nissim Baruch
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-oncology, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amy Lauren Berg
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-oncology, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Judith Besser
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-oncology, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-oncology, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-oncology, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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31
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Li J, Liu X, Duan Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Lian S, Zhuang G, Fan Y. Combined Blockade of T Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 3 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Results in Durable Therapeutic Efficacy in Mice with Intracranial Gliomas. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:3593-3602. [PMID: 28736431 PMCID: PMC5540004 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) evades immune surveillance by inducing immunosuppression via receptor-ligand interactions between immune checkpoint molecules. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is a key checkpoint receptor responsible for exhaustion and dysfunction of T cells and plays a critical role in immunosuppression. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) has been recently identified as a heterophilic ligand for Tim-3. Material/Methods We established an intracranial GBM model using C57BL/6 mice and GL261 cells, and treated the mice with single or combined monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Tim-3/CEACAM1. The CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T cells in brain-infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the effector function of T cells was assessed using ELISA. We performed a rechallenge by subcutaneous injection of GL261 cells in the “cured” (>90 days post-orthotopic tumor implantation) and naïve mice. Results The mean survival time in the control, anti-Tim-3, anti-CEACAM1, and combined treatment groups was 29.8, 43.4, 42.3, and 86.0 days, respectively, with 80% of the mice in the combined group becoming long-term survivors showing immune memory against glioma cells. Infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased and immunosuppressive Tregs decreased with the combined therapy, which resulted in a markedly elevated ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ cells to Tregs. Additionally, plasma IFN-γ and TGF-β levels were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Conclusions Our data indicate that combined blockade of Tim-3 and CEACAM1 generates robust therapeutic efficacy in mice with intracranial tumors, and provides a promising option for GBM immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yijun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yueting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hongqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shizhong Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guotao Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mine Group, Datong, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yimin Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
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32
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Sharma P, Hu-Lieskovan S, Wargo JA, Ribas A. Primary, Adaptive, and Acquired Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy. Cell 2017; 168:707-723. [PMID: 28187290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3288] [Impact Index Per Article: 469.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy can induce long lasting responses in patients with metastatic cancers of a wide range of histologies. Broadening the clinical applicability of these treatments requires an improved understanding of the mechanisms limiting cancer immunotherapy. The interactions between the immune system and cancer cells are continuous, dynamic, and evolving from the initial establishment of a cancer cell to the development of metastatic disease, which is dependent on immune evasion. As the molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy are elucidated, actionable strategies to prevent or treat them may be derived to improve clinical outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Immunology,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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33
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Dankner M, Gray-Owen SD, Huang YH, Blumberg RS, Beauchemin N. CEACAM1 as a multi-purpose target for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1328336. [PMID: 28811966 PMCID: PMC5543821 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1328336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CEACAM1 is an extensively studied cell surface molecule with established functions in multiple cancer types, as well as in various compartments of the immune system. Due to its multi-faceted role as a recently appreciated immune checkpoint inhibitor and tumor marker, CEACAM1 is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we highlight CEACAM1's function in various immune compartments and cancer types, including in the context of metastatic disease. This review outlines CEACAM1's role as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment in light of these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dankner
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Hwa Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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34
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Markel G, Imazio M, Koren-Morag N, Galore-Haskel G, Schachter J, Besser M, Cumetti D, Maestroni S, Altman A, Shoenfeld Y, Brucato A, Adler Y. CEACAM1 and MICA as novel serum biomarkers in patients with acute and recurrent pericarditis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17885-95. [PMID: 26909604 PMCID: PMC4951257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response plays a significant role in pericarditis, but the mechanisms of disease are poorly defined. Further, efficient monitoring and predictive clinical tools are unavailable. Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is an immune-inhibitory protein, while MHC class I chain related protein A (MICA) and B (MICB) have an immune-stimulating function. Methods and results Serum CEACAM1, MICA and MICB concentrations were measured by ELISA in ∼50 subjects of each group: acute pericarditis (AP), recurrent pericarditis (RP) and lupus (SLE) patients, metastatic melanoma patients as well as healthy donors. Serum CEACAM1 was dramatically elevated in AP and RP patients, but not in SLE patients, and displayed a highly accurate profile in ROC curve analyses. MICA and MICB were elevated in some pericarditis patients. All markers were enhanced in metastatic melanoma patients irrespective of neoplastic pericardial involvement. Etiology-guided analysis of RP patients showed that very low MICA levels were associated with idiopathic RP, while high MICA was associated with autoimmune and post-operative RP. Importantly, MICA was significantly associated with recurrences, independently of other potentially confounding parameters such as age, time of follow up or treatment modality. Conclusions Here we report for the first time on CEACAM1 as a potentially novel biomarker for pericarditis, as well as on MICA as an innovative prognostic marker in these patients. Determination of the roles of these immune factors, as well as their diagnostic and prognostic values should be determined in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardiology Department, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Nira Koren-Morag
- Department of Epidemiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Arie Altman
- Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Yehuda Adler
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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35
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Diesendruck Y, Benhar I. Novel immune check point inhibiting antibodies in cancer therapy—Opportunities and challenges. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 30:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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CEACAM1: Expression and Role in Melanocyte Transformation. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9406319. [PMID: 27642217 PMCID: PMC5013198 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9406319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metastases represent the main cause of death in melanoma patients. Despite the current optimized targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors the treatment of metastatic melanoma is unsatisfactory. Because of the poor prognosis of advanced melanoma there is an urgent need to identify new biomarkers to differentiate melanoma cells from normal melanocytes, to stratify patients according to their risk, and to identify subgroups of patients that require close follow-up or more aggressive therapy. Furthermore, melanoma progression has been associated with the dysregulation of cell adhesion molecules. We have reviewed the literature and have discussed the important role of the expression of the carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in the development of melanoma. Thus, novel insights into CEACAM1 may lead to promising strategies in melanoma treatment, in monitoring melanoma patients, in assessing the response to immunotherapy, and in completing the standard immunohistochemical panel used in melanoma examination.
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37
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The human antibody fragment DIATHIS1 specific for CEACAM1 enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity against melanoma cell lines in vitro. J Immunother 2016; 38:357-70. [PMID: 26448580 PMCID: PMC4605278 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Several lines of evidence show that de novo expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is strongly associated with reduced disease-free survival of patients affected by metastatic melanoma. Previously published investigations report that homophilic interactions between CEACAM1 expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and tumors inhibit the NK cell-mediated killing independently of major histocompatibility complex class I recognition. This biological property can be physiologically relevant in metastatic melanoma because of the increased CEACAM1 expression observed on NK cells from some patients. Moreover, this inhibitory mechanism in many cases might hinder the efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments of CEACAM1+ malignancies because of tumor evasion by activated effector cells. In the present study, we designed an in vitro experimental model showing that the human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) DIATHIS1 specific for CEACAM1 is able to enhance the lytic machinery of NK cells against CEACAM1+ melanoma cells. The coincubation of the scFv DIATHIS1 with CEACAM1+ melanoma cells and NK-92 cell line significantly increases the cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, pretreatment of melanoma cells with scFv DIATHIS1 promotes the activation and the degranulation capacity of in vitro–expanded NK cells from healthy donors. It is interesting to note that the melanoma cell line MelC and the primary melanoma cells STA that respond better to DIATHIS1 treatment, express higher relative levels of CEACAM1-3L and CEACAM1-3S splice variants isoforms compared with Mel501 cells that are less responsive to DIATHIS1-induced NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggest that the fully human antibody fragment DIATHIS1 originated by biopanning approach from a phage antibody library may represent a relevant biotechnological platform to design and develop completely human antimelanoma therapeutics of biological origin.
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38
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Ashkenazi S, Ortenberg R, Besser M, Schachter J, Markel G. SOX9 indirectly regulates CEACAM1 expression and immune resistance in melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:30166-77. [PMID: 26885752 PMCID: PMC5058672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As melanoma cells are immunogenic, they instigate an adaptive immune response and production of anti-tumor T-cells. A central factor in this interaction is CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1), a transmembrane glycoprotein previously shown in our lab to protect melanoma cells from T cell-mediated killing. In this study, we examine the role of transcription factor SOX9 in the regulation of CEACAM1 expression and immune resistance in melanoma cells. Knockdown of endogenous SOX9 results in CEACAM1 up-regulation, while its overexpression leads to the opposite effect. We show that SOX9 controls CEACAM1 expression at a transcriptional level, but in an indirect manner, as regulation of the CEACAM1 promoter remains intact even when all eight potential SOX9-binding sites are abolished. A series of promoter truncations localizes the SOX9-controlled area to the proximal 200bp of the promoter. Point mutations in putative Sp1 and ETS1 binding sites identify these transcription factors as the primary SOX9-controlled mediators. Co-immunoprecipitation studies show that SOX9 and Sp1 physically interact in melanoma cells, while silencing of SOX9 down-regulates ETS1, but not Sp1, in the same cells. Finally, knockdown of SOX9 indeed renders melanoma cells resistant to T cell-mediated killing, in line with the increased CEACAM1 expression. In conclusion, we show that SOX9 regulates CEACAM1 expression in melanoma cells, and thereby their immune resistance. As CEACAM1 is a pivotal protein in melanoma biology and immune crosstalk, further understanding of its regulation can provide new insights and contribute to the development of novel approaches to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Ashkenazi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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39
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Slimano F, Roessle C, Blanc C, De Maleissye MF, Bauler S. [Updates on prevention and treatment of melanoma: Pharmacist involvements and challenges]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2016; 74:335-49. [PMID: 26968263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a skin cancer that represents an actual public health problem. Its incidence is increasing every year. Environmental risk factors have been clearly identified. Early diagnosis of a suspicious skin lesion should be possible by any health professionals because the prognosis is correlated with the evolution of the disease and the presence of metastases. The advent of new therapies in metastatic forms with the development of immunotherapies and kinases inhibitors has significantly changed the management of this disease. New therapies are available in retail pharmacies and involve health professionals out of the hospital. This article is intended for community and hospital pharmacists and summarizes recommendations for primary and secondary prevention. It updates on new targeted therapies. It wants to give advices to the community pharmacists about the effective use of those treatments for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Slimano
- Département de pharmacie clinique, Gustave-Roussy cancer campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Laboratoire de pharmacologie et pharmacocinétique, UFR de pharmacie, université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France; Unité MEDyC, UMR CNRS/URCA, université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - C Roessle
- Département de pharmacie clinique, Gustave-Roussy cancer campus, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - C Blanc
- Service de pharmacie, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - M-F De Maleissye
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - S Bauler
- Service de pharmacie, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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40
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Serum CEACAM1 Elevation Correlates with Melanoma Progression and Failure to Respond to Adoptive Cell Transfer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:902137. [PMID: 26688824 PMCID: PMC4673329 DOI: 10.1155/2015/902137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a devastating disease whose incidences are continuously rising. The recently approved antimelanoma therapies carry new hope for metastatic patients for the first time in decades. However, the clinical management of melanoma is severely hampered by the absence of effective screening tools. The expression of the CEACAM1 adhesion molecule on melanoma cells is a strong predictor of poor prognosis. Interestingly, a melanoma-secreted form of CEACAM1 (sCEACAM1) has recently emerged as a potential tumor biomarker. Here we add novel evidences supporting the prognostic role of serum CEACAM1 by using a mice xenograft model of human melanoma and showing a correlation between serum CEACAM1 and tumor burden. Moreover, we demonstrate that serum CEACAM1 is elevated over time in progressive melanoma patients who fail to respond to immunotherapy as opposed to responders and stable disease patients, thus proving a correlation between sCEACAM1, response to treatment, and clinical deterioration.
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41
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Ullrich N, Löffek S, Horn S, Ennen M, Sánchez-Del-Campo L, Zhao F, Breitenbuecher F, Davidson I, Singer BB, Schadendorf D, Goding CR, Helfrich I. MITF is a critical regulator of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in malignant melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:736-40. [PMID: 26301891 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional Ig-like carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is neo-expressed in the majority of malignant melanoma lesions. CEACAM1 acts as a driver of tumor cell invasion, and its expression correlates with poor patient prognosis. Despite its importance in melanoma progression, how CEACAM1 expression is regulated is largely unknown. Here, we show that CEACAM1 expression in melanoma cell lines and melanoma tissue strongly correlates with that of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key regulator of melanoma proliferation and invasiveness. MITF is revealed as a direct and positive regulator for CEACAM1 expression via binding to an M-box motif located in the CEACAM1 promoter. Taken together, our study provides novel insights into the regulation of CEACAM1 expression and suggests an MITF-CEACAM1 axis as a potential determinant of melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Ullrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Löffek
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Horn
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Marie Ennen
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Luis Sánchez-Del-Campo
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Fang Zhao
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Breitenbuecher
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, Essen, Germany
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Colin R Goding
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Iris Helfrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
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Śledzińska A, Menger L, Bergerhoff K, Peggs KS, Quezada SA. Negative immune checkpoints on T lymphocytes and their relevance to cancer immunotherapy. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1936-65. [PMID: 26578451 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The term 'inhibitory checkpoint' refers to the broad spectrum of co-receptors expressed by T cells that negatively regulate T cell activation thus playing a crucial role in maintaining peripheral self-tolerance. Co-inhibitory receptor ligands are highly expressed by a variety of malignancies allowing evasion of anti-tumour immunity. Recent studies demonstrate that manipulation of these co-inhibitory pathways can remove the immunological brakes that impede endogenous immune responses against tumours. Antibodies that block the interactions between co-inhibitory receptors and their ligands have delivered very promising clinical responses, as has been shown by recent successful trials targeting the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action and expression pattern of co-inhibitory receptors on different T cells subsets, emphasising differences between CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. We also summarise recent clinical findings utilising immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Śledzińska
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Laurie Menger
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Karl S Peggs
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK.
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43
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Galore-Haskel G, Nemlich Y, Greenberg E, Ashkenazi S, Hakim M, Itzhaki O, Shoshani N, Shapira-Fromer R, Ben-Ami E, Ofek E, Anafi L, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Markel G. A novel immune resistance mechanism of melanoma cells controlled by the ADAR1 enzyme. Oncotarget 2015; 6:28999-9015. [PMID: 26338962 PMCID: PMC4745707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The blossom of immunotherapy in melanoma highlights the need to delineate mechanisms of immune resistance. Recently, we have demonstrated that the RNA editing protein, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) is down-regulated during metastatic transition of melanoma, which enhances melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Here we investigate the role of ADAR1 in melanoma immune resistance.Importantly, knockdown of ADAR1 in human melanoma cells induces resistance to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a cell contact-dependent mechanism. We show that ADAR1, in an editing-independent manner, regulates the biogenesis of miR-222 at the transcription level and thereby Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) expression, which consequently affects melanoma immune resistance. ADAR1 thus has a novel, pivotal, role in cancer immune resistance. Corroborating with these results, the expression of miR-222 in melanoma tissue specimens was significantly higher in patients who had no clinical benefit from treatment with ipilimumab as compared to patients that responded clinically, suggesting that miR-222 could function as a biomarker for the prediction of response to ipilimumab.These results provide not only novel insights on melanoma immune resistance, but also pave the way to the development of innovative personalized tools to enable optimal drug selection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Ashkenazi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Motti Hakim
- cCAM Biotherapeutics, Misgav Industrial Park, Misgav, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Noa Shoshani
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Eytan Ben-Ami
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Efrat Ofek
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Liat Anafi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Michal J. Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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44
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Ling Y, Wang J, Wang L, Hou J, Qian P, Xiang-dong W. Roles of CEACAM1 in cell communication and signaling of lung cancer and other diseases. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 34:347-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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45
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Ullrich N, Heinemann A, Nilewski E, Scheffrahn I, Klode J, Scherag A, Schadendorf D, Singer BB, Helfrich I. CEACAM1-3S Drives Melanoma Cells into NK Cell-Mediated Cytolysis and Enhances Patient Survival. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1897-907. [PMID: 25744717 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CEACAM1 is a widely expressed multifunctional cell-cell adhesion protein reported to serve as a poor prognosis marker in melanoma patients. In this study, we examine the functional and clinical contributions of the four splice isoforms of CEACAM1. Specifically, we present in vitro and in vivo evidence that they affect melanoma progression and immune surveillance in a negative or positive manner that is isoform specific in action. In contrast with isoforms CEACAM1-4S and CEACAM1-4L, expression of isoforms CEACAM1-3S and CEACAM1-3L is induced during disease progression shown to correlate with clinical stage. Unexpectedly, overall survival was prolonged in patients with advanced melanomas expressing CEACAM1-3S. The favorable effects of CEACAM1-3S related to enhanced immunogenicity, which was mediated by cell surface upregulation of NKG2D receptor ligands, thereby sensitizing melanoma cells to lysis by natural killer cells. Conversely, CEACAM1-4L downregulated cell surface levels of the NKG2D ligands MICA and ULBP2 by enhanced shedding, thereby promoting malignant character. Overall, our results define the splice isoform-specific immunomodulatory and cell biologic functions of CEACAM1 in melanoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Ullrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Heinemann
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Nilewski
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Inka Scheffrahn
- Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Klode
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - André Scherag
- Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Iris Helfrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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46
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Shin DS, Ribas A. The evolution of checkpoint blockade as a cancer therapy: what's here, what's next? Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 33:23-35. [PMID: 25621841 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unleashing the immune system to fight cancer has become one of the main treatment modalities since the anti-CTLA-4 antibody, ipilimumab was approved for patients with advanced melanoma in 2011. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab, two anti-PD-1 antibodies recently approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma, are being actively investigated for the treatment of multiple caners including lung, breast, bladder and renal cancers along with other anti-PD-1/L1 antibodies. Early results of combining of anti-CTLA-4 antibody and anti-PD-1 antibody treatment for advanced melanoma patients are showing impressive response rates with manageable toxicity profiles. There are several other checkpoint molecules that are likely potential inhibitory targets. The outcome of blocking some of these negative immune regulators, such as LAG-3 or TIM-3, is being pursued in the clinic or about to enter clinical development. Blockade of these molecules is demonstrating promising preclinical activity alone or when combined with anti-PD-1/L1. Future studies will define bio-markers of these therapies and how to target them alone or in combination with other immunotherapies, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical-Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1782, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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47
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ZIPPEL DOUGLAS, BARLEV HANI, ORTENBERG RONA, BARSHACK IRIS, SCHACHTER JACOB, MARKEL GAL. A longitudinal study of CEACAM1 expression in melanoma disease progression. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1314-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ortenberg R, Galore-Haskel G, Greenberg I, Zamlin B, Sapoznik S, Greenberg E, Barshack I, Avivi C, Feiler Y, Zan-Bar I, Besser MJ, Azizi E, Eitan F, Schachter J, Markel G. CEACAM1 promotes melanoma cell growth through Sox-2. Neoplasia 2014; 16:451-60. [PMID: 24931667 PMCID: PMC4198694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in melanoma was demonstrated more than a decade ago as superior to Breslow score. We have previously shown that intercellular homophilic CEACAM1 interactions protect melanoma cells from lymphocyte-mediated elimination. Here, we study the direct effects of CEACAM1 on melanoma cell biology. By employing tissue microarrays and low-passage primary cultures of metastatic melanoma, we show that CEACAM1 expression gradually increases from nevi to metastatic specimens, with a strong dominance of the CEACAM1-Long tail splice variant. Using experimental systems of CEACAM1 knockdown and overexpression of selective variants or truncation mutants, we prove that only the full-length long tail variant enhances melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. This effect is not reversed with a CEACAM1-blocking antibody, suggesting that it is not mediated by intercellular homophilic interactions. Downstream, CEACAM1-Long increases the expression of Sox-2, which we show to be responsible for the CEACAM1-mediated enhanced proliferation. Furthermore, analysis of the CEACAM1 promoter reveals two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that significantly enhance the promoter's activity compared with the consensus nucleotides. Importantly, case-control genetic SNP analysis of 134 patients with melanoma and matched healthy donors show that patients with melanoma do not exhibit the Hardy-Weinberg balance and that homozygous SNP genotype enhances the hazard ratio to develop melanoma by 35%. These observations shed new mechanistic light on the role of CEACAM1 in melanoma, forming the basis for development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilanit Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Bella Zamlin
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Sapoznik
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 526260, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 526260, Israel
| | - Yulia Feiler
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Israel Zan-Bar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ester Azizi
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Friedman Eitan
- The Susanne-Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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49
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Poggi A, Musso A, Dapino I, Zocchi MR. Mechanisms of tumor escape from immune system: role of mesenchymal stromal cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 159:55-72. [PMID: 24657523 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment represents the site where the tumor tries to survive and escape from immune system-mediated recognition. Indeed, to proliferate tumor cells can divert the immune response inducing the generation of myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells which can limit the efficiency of effector antitumor lymphocytes in eliminating neoplastic cells. Many components of the tumor microenvironment can serve as a double sword for the tumor and the host. Several types of fibroblast-like cells, which herein we define mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), secrete extracellular matrix components and surrounding the tumor mass can limit the expansion of the tumor. On the other hand, MSC can interfere with the immune recognition of tumor cells producing immunoregulatory cytokines as transforming growth factor (TGF)ß, releasing soluble ligands of the activating receptors expressed on cytolytic effector cells as decoy molecules, affecting the correct interaction among lymphocytes and tumor cells. MSC can also serve as target for the same anti-tumor effector lymphocytes or simply impede the interaction between these lymphocytes and neoplastic cells. Thus, several evidences point out the role of MSC, both in epithelial solid tumors and hematological malignancies, in regulating tumor cell growth and immune response. Herein, we review these evidences and suggest that MSC can be a suitable target for a more efficient anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Musso
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Dapino
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
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50
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Toffalorio F, Belloni E, Barberis M, Bucci G, Tizzoni L, Pruneri G, Fumagalli C, Spitaleri G, Catania C, Melotti F, Pelicci PG, Spaggiari L, De Pas T. Gene expression profiling reveals GC and CEACAM1 as new tools in the diagnosis of lung carcinoids. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1244-9. [PMID: 24518592 PMCID: PMC3950879 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Classification of lung carcinoids into typical and atypical is a diagnostic challenge since no immunohistochemical tools are available to support pathologists in distinguishing between the two subtypes. A differential diagnosis is essential for clinicians to correctly discuss therapy, prognosis and follow-up with patients. Indeed, the distinction between the two typical and atypical subtypes on biopsies/cytological specimens is still unfeasible and sometimes limited also after radical surgeries. By comparing the gene expression profile of typical (TC) and atypical carcinoids (AC), we intended to find genes specifically expressed in one of the two subtypes that could be used as diagnostic markers. Methods: Expression profiling, with Affymetrix arrays, was performed on six typical and seven atypical samples. Data were validated on an independent cohort of 29 tumours, by means of quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: High-throughput gene expression profiling was successfully used to identify a gene signature specific for atypical lung carcinoids. Among the 273 upregulated genes in the atypical vs typical subtype, GC (vitamin D-binding protein) and CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen family member) emerged as potent diagnostic markers. Quantitative PCR and IHC on a validation set of 17 ACs and 12 TCs confirmed their reproducibility and feasibility. Conclusions: GC and CEACAM1 can distinguish between TC and AC, defining an IHC assay potentially useful for routine cytological and histochemical diagnostic procedures. The high sensitivity and reproducibility of this new diagnostic algorithm strongly support a further validation on a wider sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Toffalorio
- Division of Medical Oncology of the Respiratory Tract, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - E Belloni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Medicine for Care Program, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - M Barberis
- Histopatology and Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Pathology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - G Bucci
- Center of Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Milan, Italy
| | - L Tizzoni
- Real Time PCR Service, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pruneri
- 1] Pathology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy [2] University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - C Fumagalli
- Histopatology and Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Pathology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - G Spitaleri
- Division of Medical Oncology of the Respiratory Tract, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - C Catania
- Division of Medical Oncology of the Respiratory Tract, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - F Melotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P G Pelicci
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Medicine for Care Program, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy [2] University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - L Spaggiari
- 1] University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy [2] Thoracic Surgery Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - T De Pas
- Division of Medical Oncology of the Respiratory Tract, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
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