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Kelliher L, Yoeli-Bik R, Schweizer L, Lengyel E. Molecular changes driving low-grade serous ovarian cancer and implications for treatment. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024:ijgc-2024-005305. [PMID: 38950921 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2024-005305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian cancer was previously thought to be a subtype of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, but it is now recognized as a distinct disease with unique clinical and molecular behaviors. The disease may arise de novo or develop from a serous borderline ovarian tumor. Although it is more indolent than high-grade serous ovarian cancer, most patients have advanced metastatic disease at diagnosis and recurrence is common. Recurrent low-grade serous ovarian cancer is often resistant to standard platinum-taxane chemotherapy, making it difficult to treat with the options currently available. New targeted therapies are needed, but their development is contingent on a deeper understanding of the specific biology of the disease. The known molecular drivers of low-grade tumors are strong hormone receptor expression, mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS), and in genes related to the MAPK pathway (NF1/2, EIF1AX, and ERBB2). However, MAPK inhibitors have shown only modest clinical responses. Based on the discovery of CDKN2A mutations in low-grade serous ovarian cancer, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are now being tested in clinical trials in combination with hormone therapy. Additional mutations seen in a smaller population of low-grade tumors include USP9X, ARID1A, and PIK3CA, but no specific therapies targeting them have been tested clinically. This review summarizes the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of low-grade serous ovarian cancer as they are now understood and introduces potential therapeutic targets and new avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Kelliher
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roni Yoeli-Bik
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Schweizer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Research Department Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Martinsried, Bayern, Germany
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ramisetty SK, Garg P, Mohanty A, Mirzapoiazova T, Yue E, Wang E, Horne D, Awasthi S, Kulkarni P, Salgia R, Singhal SS. Regression of ovarian cancer xenografts by depleting or inhibiting RLIP. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115847. [PMID: 37804871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most prevalent and deadly cancer of the female reproductive system. Women will continue to be impacted by OC-related morbidity and mortality. Despite the fact that chemotherapy with cisplatin is the main component as the first-line anticancer treatment for OC, chemoresistance and unfavorable side effects are important obstacles to effective treatment. Targets for effective cancer therapy are required for cancer cells but not for non-malignant cells because they are expressed differently in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Targets for cancer therapy should preferably be components that already exist in biochemical and signalling frameworks and that significantly contribute to the development of cancer or regulate the response to therapy. RLIP is an important mercapturic acid pathway transporter that is crucial for survival and therapy resistance in cancers, therefore, we examined the role of RLIP in regulating essential signalling proteins involved in relaying the inputs from upstream survival pathways and mechanisms contributing to chemo-radiotherapy resistance in OC. The findings of our research offer insight into a novel anticancer effect of RLIP depletion/inhibition on OC and might open up new therapeutic avenues for OC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani K Ramisetty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Atish Mohanty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Er Yue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Edward Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Cayman Health, CTMH Doctors Hospital in Cayman Islands, George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Duska LR, Zamarin D, Hamilton E, Oza A, Fleming G, Spira A, Yeku OO, Richardson DL, Walling J, Inokuchi K, Matusow B, Bollag G, Swisher EM. Phase IIa Study of PLX2853 in Gynecologic Cancers With Known ARID1A Mutation and Phase Ib/IIa Study of PLX2853/Carboplatin in Platinum-Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2300235. [PMID: 37797273 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) domain proteins facilitate the development of many human cancers via epigenetic regulation. BET inhibitors may be effective in reversing platinum resistance in ovarian cancer (OC) and may generate synthetic lethality with ARID1A loss. PLX2853 is an orally active, small-molecule inhibitor of BET bromodomain-mediated interactions that exhibits low nanomolar potency in blocking all four BET family members. METHODS We conducted a multicenter and open-label study with two parallel arms: a phase IIa study of PLX2853 monotherapy in patients with advanced gynecologic malignancies with an ARID1A mutation and a phase Ib/IIa combination study of PLX2853 plus carboplatin in women with platinum-resistant OC. The primary objectives were safety and tolerability for phase Ib and efficacy for both phase IIa portions. Thirty-four of 37 enrolled patients completed at least one post-baseline response assessment. RESULTS Of the 14 evaluable patients on the monotherapy arm, 1 (7.1%) achieved a best overall response of partial response (PR), 5 (35.7%) had stable disease (SD), and 8 (57.1%) had progressive disease (PD). Of the 20 evaluable patients on the combination arm, 1 (5.0%) had PR, 9 (45.0%) had SD, and 10 (50%) had PD. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the safety profile of PLX2853 and demonstrated the feasibility of combination with carboplatin. Although these results did not meet the prespecified response criteria, evidence of clinical activity highlights the rationale for further exploration of BET inhibitors in patients with ARID1A-mutated gynecologic malignancies, possibly in combination with agents targeting potential feedback mechanisms such as the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R Duska
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | | | - Amit Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON
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Banerjee S, Giannone G, Clamp AR, Ennis DP, Glasspool RM, Herbertson R, Krell J, Riisnaes R, Mirza HB, Cheng Z, McDermott J, Green C, Kristeleit RS, George A, Gourley C, Lewsley LA, Rai D, Banerji U, Hinsley S, McNeish IA. Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Paclitaxel Plus Vistusertib vs Paclitaxel Alone in Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma: The OCTOPUS Multicenter, Phase 2, Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:675-682. [PMID: 36928279 PMCID: PMC10020933 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.7966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Importance Patients with platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (PR-HGSC) have a poor prognosis and few therapeutic options. Preclinical studies support targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in this setting, and a phase 1 study of the dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor vistusertib with weekly paclitaxel showed activity. Objective To evaluate whether the addition of vistusertib to weekly paclitaxel improves clinical outcomes in patients with PR-HGSC. Design, Setting, and Participants This phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter randomized clinical trial recruited patients from UK cancer centers between January 2016 and March 2018. Patients with PR-HGSC of ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal origin and with measurable or evaluable disease (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 and/or Gynecological Cancer Intergroup cancer antigen 125 criteria) were eligible. There were no restrictions on number of lines of prior therapy. Data analysis was performed from May 2019 to January 2022. Interventions Patients were randomized (1:1) to weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle) plus oral vistusertib (50 mg twice daily) or placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary end points included response rate, overall survival, and quality of life. Results A total of 140 patients (median [range] age, 63 [36-86] years; 17.9% with platinum-refractory disease; 53.6% with ≥3 prior therapies) were randomized. In the paclitaxel plus vistusertib vs paclitaxel plus placebo groups, there was no difference in progression-free survival (median, 4.5 vs 4.1 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 80% CI, 0.67-1.07; 1-sided P = .18), overall survival (median, 9.7 vs 11.1 months; HR, 1.21; 80% CI, 0.91-1.60) or response rate (odds ratio, 0.86; 80% CI, 0.55-1.36). Grade 3 to 4 adverse events were 41.2% (weekly paclitaxel plus vistusertib) vs 36.7% (weekly paclitaxel plus placebo), and there was no difference in quality of life. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of weekly paclitaxel and dual mTORC1/2 inhibition in patients with PR-HGSC, vistusertib did not improve clinical activity of weekly paclitaxel. Trial Registration isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN16426935.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Banerjee
- Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Giannone
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Clamp
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Darren P. Ennis
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rebecca Herbertson
- Sussex Cancer Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Medical Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Riisnaes
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan B. Mirza
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline McDermott
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Green
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca S. Kristeleit
- Research Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Now with Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela George
- Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Gourley
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Liz-Anne Lewsley
- CRUK Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Rai
- CRUK Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Udai Banerji
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Hinsley
- CRUK Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Iain A. McNeish
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Medical Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Elevated Levels of Lamin A Promote HR and NHEJ-Mediated Repair Mechanisms in High-Grade Ovarian Serous Carcinoma Cell Line. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050757. [PMID: 36899893 PMCID: PMC10001195 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research for the last two decades has significantly contributed to understanding the roles of lamins in the maintenance of nuclear architecture and genome organization which is drastically modified in neoplasia. It must be emphasized that alteration in lamin A/C expression and distribution is a consistent event during tumorigenesis of almost all tissues of human bodies. One of the important signatures of a cancer cell is its inability to repair DNA damage which befalls several genomic events that transform the cells to be sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents. This genomic and chromosomal instability is the most common feature found in cases of high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma. Here, we report elevated levels of lamins in OVCAR3 cells (high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma cell line) in comparison to IOSE (immortalised ovarian surface epithelial cells) and, consequently, altered damage repair machinery in OVCAR3. We have analysed the changes in global gene expression as a sequel to DNA damage induced by etoposide in ovarian carcinoma where lamin A is particularly elevated in expression and reported some differentially expressed genes associated with pathways conferring cellular proliferation and chemoresistance. We hereby establish the role of elevated lamin A in neoplastic transformation in the context of high-grade ovarian serous cancer through a combination of HR and NHEJ mechanisms.
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Masood A, Sarfaraz R, Zaki S, Shami A, Khaliq S, Naseem N. Potential prognostic role of somatic mutations in a set of cancer susceptibility genes in ovarian carcinoma: A follow-up multicentric study from Pakistan. Cancer Biomark 2023; 36:207-219. [PMID: 36776043 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic mutations, peritoneal metastasis and frequent development of chemoresistance worsen the prognosis of Ovarian carcinoma. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to determine mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in relation with chemotherapy response. METHODS In this follow up descriptive study, 47 consenting female patients diagnosed with surface epithelial ovarian cancer were observed for six months after completion of chemotherapy to see the treatment response. For genetic analysis, the DNA extraction was done and the genomic regions of different exons of BRCA1/2, PALB2, CHEK2, BAP1, CTNNB1, HOXB13, and PIK3CA were amplified using gene specific primers followed by Sanger Sequencing. RESULTS 86.7% of the patients were sensitive to chemotherapy whereas 13.3% showed resistance. Genetic variants of BRCA1 in 7%, BRCA2 in 4.7%, PIK3CA in 9.3%, PALB2 in 7%, CHEK2 in 2.3%, BAP1 in 2.3%, and CTNNB1 in 2.3% of the patients were found. There was also a significant association between TNM stage and the treatment response (p< 0.01). Of the patients with no mutations, 90.9% showed chemosensitivity as opposed to 70% in mutations group. CONCLUSION Our study exhibits the pivotal role of genetic analysis in predicting the treatment response and paving pathway for patient tailored targeted therapy in Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Masood
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rahat Sarfaraz
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Zaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amira Shami
- Department of Oncology, INMOL Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Khaliq
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Naseem
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sirico M, D’Angelo A, Gianni C, Casadei C, Merloni F, De Giorgi U. Current State and Future Challenges for PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:703. [PMID: 36765661 PMCID: PMC9913212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)-mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) axis is a key signal transduction system that links oncogenes and multiple receptor classes which are involved in many essential cellular functions. Aberrant PI3K signalling is one of the most commonly mutated pathways in cancer. Consequently, more than 40 compounds targeting key components of this signalling network have been tested in clinical trials among various types of cancer. As the oncogenic activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway often occurs alongside mutations in other signalling networks, combination therapy should be considered. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the knowledge of the PI3K pathway and discuss the current state and future challenges of targeting this pathway in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sirico
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Oncology, Royal United Hospital, Bath BA1 3NG, UK
| | - Caterina Gianni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Casadei
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Filippo Merloni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
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Gunel NS, Yildirim N, Ozates NP, Oktay LM, Bagca BG, Sogutlu F, Ozsaran A, Korkmaz M, Biray Avci C. Investigation of cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of disodium pentaborate decahydrate on ovarian cancer cells and assessment of gene profiling. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:8. [PMID: 36308567 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
After revealing the anti-cancer properties of boron, which is included in the category of essential elements for human health by the World Health Organization, the therapeutic potential of boron compounds has been begun to be evaluated, and its molecular effect mechanisms have still been among the research subjects. In ovarian cancer, mutations or amplifications frequently occur in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components, and dysregulation of this pathway is shown among the causes of treatment failure. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the anti-cancer properties of boron-containing DPD in SKOV3 cells, which is an epithelial ovarian cancer model, through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The cytotoxic activity of DPD in SKOV3 cells was evaluated by WST-1 test, apoptotic effect by Annexin V and JC-1 test. The gene expressions associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were determined by real-time qRT-PCR. In SKOV3 cells, the IC50 value of DPD was found to be 6.7 mM, 5.6 mM, and 5.2 mM at 24th, 48th and 72nd hour, respectively. Compared with the untreated control group, DPD treatment was found to induce apoptosis 2.6-fold and increase mitochondrial membrane depolarization 4.5-fold. DPD treatment was found to downregulate PIK3CA, PIK3CG, AKT2, IGF1, IRS1, MAPK3, HIF-1, VEGFC, CAB39, CAB39L, STRADB, PRKAB2, PRKAG3, TELO2, RICTOR, MLST8, and EIF4B genes and upregulate TP53, GSK3B, FKBP8, TSC2, ULK1, and ULK2 genes. These results draw attention to the therapeutic potential of DPD, which is frequently exposed in daily life, in epithelial ovarian cancer and show that it can be a candidate compound in combination with chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Selvi Gunel
- Department of Medical Biology, Medicine Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nuri Yildirim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Latife Merve Oktay
- Department of Medical Biology, Medicine Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bakiye Goker Bagca
- Department of Medical Biology, Medicine Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Medicine Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aydin Ozsaran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medicine Faculty, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medicine Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Coker EA, Stewart A, Ozer B, Minchom A, Pickard L, Ruddle R, Carreira S, Popat S, O'Brien M, Raynaud F, de Bono J, Al-Lazikani B, Banerji U. Individualized Prediction of Drug Response and Rational Combination Therapy in NSCLC Using Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Studies of Acute Phosphoproteomic Changes. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1020-1029. [PMID: 35368084 PMCID: PMC9381105 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that the study of acute protein perturbation in signal transduction by targeted anticancer drugs can predict drug sensitivity of these agents used as single agents and rational combination therapy. We assayed dynamic changes in 52 phosphoproteins caused by an acute exposure (1 hour) to clinically relevant concentrations of seven targeted anticancer drugs in 35 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and 16 samples of NSCLC cells isolated from pleural effusions. We studied drug sensitivities across 35 cell lines and synergy of combinations of all drugs in six cell lines (252 combinations). We developed orthogonal machine-learning approaches to predict drug response and rational combination therapy. Our methods predicted the most and least sensitive quartiles of drug sensitivity with an AUC of 0.79 and 0.78, respectively, whereas predictions based on mutations in three genes commonly known to predict response to the drug studied, for example, EGFR, PIK3CA, and KRAS, did not predict sensitivity (AUC of 0.5 across all quartiles). The machine-learning predictions of combinations that were compared with experimentally generated data showed a bias to the highest quartile of Bliss synergy scores (P = 0.0243). We confirmed feasibility of running such assays on 16 patient samples of freshly isolated NSCLC cells from pleural effusions. We have provided proof of concept for novel methods of using acute ex vivo exposure of cancer cells to targeted anticancer drugs to predict response as single agents or combinations. These approaches could complement current approaches using gene mutations/amplifications/rearrangements as biomarkers and demonstrate the utility of proteomics data to inform treatment selection in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Coker
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Healx Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Stewart
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bugra Ozer
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Healx Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Minchom
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Pickard
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Ruddle
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Carreira
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Popat
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary O'Brien
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Raynaud
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann de Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Udai Banerji
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Rinne N, Christie EL, Ardasheva A, Kwok CH, Demchenko N, Low C, Tralau-Stewart C, Fotopoulou C, Cunnea P. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in epithelial ovarian cancer, therapeutic treatment options for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:573-595. [PMID: 35582310 PMCID: PMC9019160 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The survival rates for women with ovarian cancer have shown scant improvement in recent years, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40% for women diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal subtype where the majority of women develop recurrent disease and chemotherapy resistance, despite over 70%-80% of patients initially responding to platinum-based chemotherapy. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway regulates many vital processes such as cell growth, survival and metabolism. However, this pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancers including different subtypes of ovarian cancer, through amplification or somatic mutations of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), amplification of AKT isoforms, or deletion or inactivation of PTEN. Further evidence indicates a role for the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the development of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. Thus, targeting key nodes of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a potential therapeutic prospect. In this review, we outline dysregulation of PI3K signaling in ovarian cancer, with a particular emphasis on HGSOC and platinum-resistant disease. We review pre-clinical evidence for inhibitors of the main components of the PI3K pathway and highlight past, current and upcoming trials in ovarian cancers for different inhibitors of the pathway. Whilst no inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have thus far advanced to the clinic for the treatment of ovarian cancer, several promising compounds which have the potential to restore platinum sensitivity and improve clinical outcomes for patients are under evaluation and in various phases of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Rinne
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Anastasia Ardasheva
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chun Hei Kwok
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nikita Demchenko
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Caroline Low
- Department of Metabolism Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Catherine Tralau-Stewart
- Takeda Academic Innovation, Center for External Innovation, Takeda California, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paula Cunnea
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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11
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Fuso P, Muratore M, D’Angelo T, Paris I, Carbognin L, Tiberi G, Pavese F, Duranti S, Orlandi A, Tortora G, Scambia G, Fabi A. PI3K Inhibitors in Advanced Breast Cancer: The Past, The Present, New Challenges and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2161. [PMID: 35565291 PMCID: PMC9103982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in the female population and despite significant efforts made in diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies adopted for advanced breast cancer, the disease still remains incurable. Therefore, development of more effective systemic treatments constitutes a crucial need. Recently, several clinical trials were performed to find innovative predictive biomarkers and to improve the outcome of metastatic breast cancer through innovative therapeutic algorithms. In the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis is a key regulator of cell proliferation, growth, survival, metabolism, and motility, making it an interest and therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade includes a complex network of biological events, needing more sophisticated approaches for their use in cancer treatment. In this review, we described the rationale for targeting the PI3K pathway, the development of PI3K inhibitors and the future treatment directions of different breast cancer subtypes in the metastatic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fuso
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Margherita Muratore
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Tatiana D’Angelo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (T.D.); (A.O.); (G.T.)
| | - Ida Paris
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Luisa Carbognin
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Giordana Tiberi
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesco Pavese
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Simona Duranti
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Armando Orlandi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (T.D.); (A.O.); (G.T.)
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (T.D.); (A.O.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Istituto di Ginecologia e Ostetricia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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12
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Lupia M, Melocchi V, Bizzaro F, Lo Riso P, Dama E, Baronio M, Ranghiero A, Barberis M, Bernard L, Bertalot G, Giavazzi R, Testa G, Bianchi F, Cavallaro U. Integrated molecular profiling of patient-derived ovarian cancer models identifies clinically relevant signatures and tumor vulnerabilities. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:240-254. [PMID: 35218560 PMCID: PMC9310611 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is a highly aggressive and intractable neoplasm, mainly because of its rapid dissemination into the abdominal cavity, a process that is favored by tumor‐associated peritoneal ascites. The precise molecular alterations involved in HGSOC onset and progression remain largely unknown due to the high biological and genetic heterogeneity of this tumor. We established a set of different tumor samples (termed the As11‐set) derived from a single HGSOC patient, consisting of peritoneal ascites, primary tumor cells, ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSC) and serially propagated tumor xenografts. The As11‐set was subjected to an integrated RNA‐seq and DNA‐seq analysis which unveiled molecular alterations that marked the different types of samples. Our profiling strategy yielded a panel of signatures relevant in HGSOC and in OCSC biology. When such signatures were used to interrogate the TCGA dataset from HGSOC patients, they exhibited prognostic and predictive power. The molecular alterations also identified potential vulnerabilities associated with OCSC, which were then tested functionally in stemness‐related assays. As a proof of concept, we defined PI3K signaling as a novel druggable target in OCSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Lupia
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melocchi
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Bizzaro
- Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Lo Riso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Dama
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Micol Baronio
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Barberis
- Pathology Unit, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Clinical Genomics Lab, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Unit of Cancer Biomarkers, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Ugo Cavallaro
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology Research, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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13
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Georgiou A, Stewart A, Vlachogiannis G, Pickard L, Valeri N, Cunningham D, Whittaker SR, Banerji U. A phospho-proteomic study of cetuximab resistance in KRAS/NRAS/BRAF V600 wild-type colorectal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1197-1206. [PMID: 34462871 PMCID: PMC8516765 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesised that plasticity in signal transduction may be a mechanism of drug resistance and tested this hypothesis in the setting of cetuximab resistance in patients with KRAS/NRAS/BRAFV600 wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A multiplex antibody-based platform was used to study simultaneous changes in signal transduction of 55 phospho-proteins in 12 KRAS/NRAS/BRAFV600 wild-type CRC cell lines (6 cetuximab sensitive versus 6 cetuximab resistant) following 1 and 4 h in vitro cetuximab exposure. We validated our results in CRC patient samples (n = 4) using ex vivo exposure to cetuximab in KRAS/NRAS/BRAFV600 cells that were immunomagnetically separated from the serous effusions of patients with known cetuximab resistance. RESULTS Differences in levels of phospho-proteins in cetuximab sensitive and resistant cell lines included reductions in phospho-RPS6 and phospho-PRAS40 in cetuximab sensitive, but not cetuximab resistant cell lines at 1 and 4 h, respectively. In addition, phospho-AKT levels were found to be elevated in 3/4 patient samples following ex vivo incubation with cetuximab for 1 h. We further explored these findings by studying the effects of combinations of cetuximab and two PI3K pathway inhibitors in 3 cetuximab resistant cell lines. The addition of PI3K pathway inhibitors to cetuximab led to a significantly higher reduction in colony formation capacity compared to cetuximab alone. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest activation of the PI3K pathway as a mechanism of cetuximab resistance in KRAS/NRAS/BRAFV600 wild-type CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Georgiou
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
| | - Adam Stewart
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Georgios Vlachogiannis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Lisa Pickard
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - David Cunningham
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Steven R Whittaker
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sycamore House, Downs Road, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
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14
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Cytocidal Antitumor Effects against Human Ovarian Cancer Cells Induced by B-Lactam Steroid Alkylators with Targeted Activity against Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Enzymes in a Cell-Free Assay. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081028. [PMID: 34440232 PMCID: PMC8394033 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated three newly synthesized B-lactam hybrid homo-aza-steroidal alkylators (ASA-A, ASA-B and ASA-C) for their PARP1/2 inhibition activity and their DNA damaging effect against human ovarian carcinoma cells. These agents are conjugated with an alkylating component (POPA), which also served as a reference molecule (positive control), and were tested against four human ovarian cell lines in vitro (UWB1.289 + BRCA1, UWB1.289, SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3). The studied compounds were thereafter compared to 3-AB, a known PARP inhibitor, as well as to Olaparib, a standard third-generation PARP inhibitor, on a PARP assay investigating their inhibitory potential. Finally, a PARP1 and PARP2 mRNA expression analysis by qRT-PCR was produced in order to measure the absolute and the relative gene expression (in mRNA transcripts) between treated and untreated cells. All the investigated hybrid steroid alkylators and POPA decreased in vitro cell growth differentially, according to the sensitivity and different gene characteristics of each cell line, while ASA-A and ASA-B presented the most significant anticancer activity. Both these compounds induced PARP1/2 enzyme inhibition, DNA damage (alkylation) and upregulation of PARP mRNA expression, for all tested cell lines. However, ASA-C underperformed on average in the above tasks, while the compound ASA-B induced synthetic lethality effects on the ovarian cancer cells. Nevertheless, the overall outcome, leading to a drug-like potential, provides strong evidence toward further evaluation.
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15
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The multi-target small-molecule inhibitor SB747651A shows in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy in glioblastomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6066. [PMID: 33727611 PMCID: PMC7966768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary brain tumor and among the most lethal types of cancer. Several mono-target small molecule-inhibitors have been investigated as novel therapeutics, thus far with poor success. In this study we investigated the anticancer effects of SB747651A, a multi-target small-molecule inhibitor, in three well characterized patient-derived glioblastoma spheroid cultures and a murine orthotopic xenograft model. Concentrations of 5–10 µM SB747651A reduced cell proliferation, spheroid formation, migration and chemoresistance, while apoptotic cell death increased. Investigation of oncogenic kinase signaling showed decreased phosphorylation levels of mTOR, CREB, GSK3 and GYS1 leading to altered glycogen metabolism and formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Expression levels of cancer stemness marker SOX2 were reduced in treated tumor cells and SB747651A treatment significantly prolonged survival of mice with intracranial glioblastoma xenografts, while no adverse effects were observed in vivo at doses of 25 mg/kg administered 5 days/week for 8 weeks. These findings suggest that SB747651A has anticancer effects in glioblastoma. The cancer-related pathophysiological mechanisms targeted by SB747651A are shared among many types of cancer; however, an in-depth clarification of the mechanisms of action in cancer cells is important before further potential application of SB747651A as an anticancer agent can be considered.
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16
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PRKAR1B-AS2 Long Noncoding RNA Promotes Tumorigenesis, Survival, and Chemoresistance via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041882. [PMID: 33668685 PMCID: PMC7918312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many long noncoding RNAs have been implicated in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the role of PRKAR1B-AS2 long noncoding RNA in ovarian cancer (OC) and chemoresistance and identified potential downstream molecular circuitry underlying its action. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas OC dataset, in vitro experiments, proteomic analysis, and a xenograft OC mouse model were implemented. Our findings indicated that overexpression of PRKAR1B-AS2 is negatively correlated with overall survival in OC patients. Furthermore, PRKAR1B-AS2 knockdown-attenuated proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells and ameliorated cisplatin and alpelisib resistance in vitro. In proteomic analysis, silencing PRKAR1B-AS2 markedly inhibited protein expression of PI3K-110α and abrogated the phosphorylation of PDK1, AKT, and mTOR, with no significant effect on PTEN. The RNA immunoprecipitation detected a physical interaction between PRKAR1B-AS2 and PI3K-110α. Moreover, PRKAR1B-AS2 knockdown by systemic administration of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles loaded with PRKAR1B-AS2–specific small interfering RNA enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in a xenograft OC mouse model. In conclusion, PRKAR1B-AS2 promotes tumor growth and confers chemoresistance by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Thus, targeting PRKAR1B-AS2 may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of OC patients.
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17
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Wang Y, Chiou YS, Chong QY, Zhang M, Rangappa KS, Ma L, Zhu T, Kumar AP, Huang RYJ, Pandey V, Basappa, Lobie PE. Pharmacological Inhibition of BAD Ser99 Phosphorylation Enhances the Efficacy of Cisplatin in Ovarian Cancer by Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cell-like Behavior. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1083-1099. [PMID: 33344891 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the standard treatment for ovarian cancer patients for approximately four decades. However, the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma remains dismal, mainly attributed to both dose-limiting toxicities of cisplatin and the high rate of chemo-resistant disease recurrence. Herein, both patient-derived and experimentally generated cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cell line models were used to delineate BADSer99 phosphorylation as an actionable target in ovarian cancer. BADSer99 phosphorylation was negatively associated with cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer, and the inhibition of BADSer99 phosphorylation by point mutation induced apoptosis and reduced cisplatin IC50. In addition, BAD phosphorylation was also shown to be associated with cancer stem cell-like properties. Henceforth, a novel small molecule which inhibits BAD phosphorylation specifically at Ser99 (NPB) was utilized. NPB promoted apoptosis and reduced 3D growth of bulk cancer cells and inhibited cancer stem cell-like properties in both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells. The combination of cisplatin with NPB exhibited synergistic effects in vitro. NPB in combination with cisplatin also achieved an improved outcome compared to either monotreatment in vivo, including suppression of the cancer stem cell population, an effect not observed with cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, NPB exhibited strong synergistic effects with the AKT inhibitor AZD5363, and significantly reduced its IC50 in cells resistant to cisplatin treatment. These findings identify BADSer99 phosphorylation as an actionable and pharmacologically relevant target to improve outcomes of cisplatin treated ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qing-Yun Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | | | - Lan Ma
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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18
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Wang Z, Li F, Wei M, Zhang S, Wang T. Circadian Clock Protein PERIOD2 Suppresses the PI3K/Akt Pathway and Promotes Cisplatin Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11897-11908. [PMID: 33244267 PMCID: PMC7683831 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s278903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mortality rate of ovarian cancer is the highest among gynecological tumors. The two factors leading to high mortality of ovarian cancer are late clinical stage and chemotherapy resistance. It is very important to reverse or intervene chemotherapy resistance. Abnormal circadian rhythm is related to the occurrence of tumor, and circadian clock protein PERIOD2 (PER2) acts as a tumor suppressor in cancer; however, little is known about its involvement in chemosensitivity. Methods This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of PER2 in ovarian cancer sensitivity to cisplatin. Overexpression and knockdown of PER2 were performed to explore its role in ovarian cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. The protein levels of PI3K, AKT, caspase 3, E-cadherin, and other drug resistance-related molecules were determined in parental SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells as well as in xenograft tumor tissues. Results Compared with parental cells, SKOV3/DDP cells had dramatically decreased PER2 expression, possibly due to hypermethylation in the PER2 promoter. PER2 overexpression significantly inhibited proliferation while promoting cisplatin-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells. In agreement, PER2-overexpressing SKOV3/DPP cells yielded significantly reduced tumor mass in cisplatin-treated mice compared with control cells. Mechanistically, PER2 overexpression remarkably reduced the protein amounts of PI3K, AKT, and MDR1 while increasing those of caspase 3 and E-cadherin in tumor tissues. Knockdown of PER2 exhibited opposite effects. PER2 overexpression also reduced the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in tumor-bearing mice before the initiation of cisplatin treatment. Conclusion This study suggests that loss of PER2 contributes to cisplatin resistance in SKOV3 cells, possibly by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and EMT, inhibiting apoptosis, and promoting drug efflux and inflammatory responses. Overexpression of PER2 could reverse these alterations and sensitize both parental SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyan Li
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Wei
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanyuan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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19
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A complete map of the Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) signaling pathway. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 15:283-290. [PMID: 33136287 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase belonging to the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. CAMKK2 has an autocatalytic site, which gets exposed when Ca2+/calmodulin (CAM) binds to it. This results in autophosphorylation and complete activation of CAMKK2. The three major known downstream targets of CAMKK2 are 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPKα), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 (CAMK1) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4 (CAMK4). Activation of these targets by CAMKK2 is important for the maintenance of different cellular and physiological processes within the cell. CAMKK2 is found to be important in neuronal development, bone remodeling, adipogenesis, and systemic glucose homeostasis, osteoclastgensis and postnatal myogensis. CAMKK2 is reported to be involved in pathologies like Duchenne muscular dystrophy, inflammation, osteoporosis and bone remodeling and is also reported to be overexpressed in prostate cancer, hepatic cancer, ovarian and gastric cancer. CAMKK2 is involved in increased cell proliferation and migration through CAMKK2/AMPK pathway in prostate cancer and activation of AKT in ovarian cancer. Although CAMKK2 is a molecule of great importance, a public resource of the CAMKK2 signaling pathway is currently lacking. Therefore, we carried out detailed data mining and documentation of the signaling events associated with CAMKK2 from published literature and developed an integrated reaction map of CAMKK2 signaling. This resulted in the cataloging of 285 reactions belonging to the CAMKK2 signaling pathway, which includes 33 protein-protein interactions, 74 post-translational modifications, 7 protein translocation events, and 22 activation/inhibition events. Besides, 124 gene regulation events and 25 activator/inhibitors involved in CAMKK2 activation were also cataloged. The CAMKK2 signaling pathway map data is made freely accessible through WikiPathway database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP4874 ). We expect that data on a signaling map of CAMKK2 will provide the scientific community with an improved platform to facilitate further molecular as well as biomedical investigations on CAMKK2 and its utility in the development of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Overexpressed CES2 has prognostic value in CRC and knockdown CES2 reverses L-OHP-resistance in CRC cells by inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111856. [PMID: 31981591 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CES-2 (carboxylesterase-2) belongs to the carboxylesterase gene family, which plays crucial roles in lipid mobilization and chemosensitivity to irinotecan. However, its role in chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin (L-OHP) remains unclear. Herein, L-OHP-resistant cells (HCT-116L and RKOL) were established by increasing the concentration of L-OHP. The results showed that CES2 expression was upregulated in L-OHP-resistant tissues and cells lines (both P < 0.01). Low expression of CES2 correlated with a better survival, and the results were further confirmed in the R2 platform: a biologist friendly web-based genomics analysis and visualization application. Downregulation of CES2 suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and reversed L-OHP resistance by medicating the PI3K signaling pathway in L-OHP-resistant cells. However, both PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and activator (IGF-1) could not medicate CES2 expression. These findings indicated that CES2 may be utilized as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for L-OHP resistance in CRC treatment.
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Feng Y, Song K, Shang W, Chen L, Wang C, Pang B, Wang N. REDD1 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma may predict poor prognosis and correlates with high microvessel density. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:431-441. [PMID: 31897156 PMCID: PMC6923876 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between the hypoxia-inducible gene termed regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1) and microvessel density (MVD) in human oral cancer has rarely been reported. The present study aimed to explore REDD1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), its clinical prognostic significance and its correlation with angiogenesis. REDD1 expression in 23 pairs of fresh-frozen OSCC and matched peritumoral mucosal tissues was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Furthermore, 74 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded OSCC tissues were collected to detect REDD1 expression and CD34-positive MVD by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between REDD1 expression and MVD, patients' clinicopathological characteristics and cancer-associated survival rate was also evaluated using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. The results from RT-qPCR and western blotting demonstrated that REDD1 expression was significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared with peritumoral mucosal tissues (P<0.05). In addition, the results from IHC revealed that REDD1 expression was higher in OSCC tissues compared with peritumoral tissues. Furthermore, REDD1 expression was associated with advanced clinical stage, poorer tumor differentiation, lymphatic metastasis and tumor recurrence (P=0.000, P=0.003, P=0.006 and P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, REDD1 overexpression was positively correlated with MVD (r=0.7316; P<0.001). The results from Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significantly reduced disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with OSCC and high REDD1 expression (P<0.001). REDD1 may therefore serve as a novel prognostic biomarker, a key regulatory checkpoint that could coordinate angiogenesis and a new therapeutic target for patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Chengqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Baoxing Pang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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Ghoneum A, Abdulfattah AY, Said N. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NFκB Axis in Ovarian Cancer. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:68-73. [PMID: 32395722 PMCID: PMC7213295 DOI: 10.33696/immunology.1.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer stands as the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and remains the fifth most common gynecologic cancer. Poor prognosis and low five-year survival rate are attributed to nonspecific symptoms at early phases along with a lack of effective treatment at advanced stages. It is thus paramount, that ovarian carcinoma be viewed through several lenses in order to gain a thorough comprehension of its molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, histological subtypes, hereditary factors, diagnostic approaches, and methods of treatment. Above all, it is crucial to dissect the role that the unique peritoneal tumor microenvironment plays in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. This short communication seeks to underscore several important aspects of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NFκB pathway in the context of ovarian cancer and discuss recent advances in targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghoneum
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ammar Yasser Abdulfattah
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Stewart A, Coker EA, Pölsterl S, Georgiou A, Minchom AR, Carreira S, Cunningham D, O'Brien ME, Raynaud FI, de Bono JS, Al-Lazikani B, Banerji U. Differences in Signaling Patterns on PI3K Inhibition Reveal Context Specificity in KRAS-Mutant Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1396-1404. [PMID: 31262731 PMCID: PMC6679718 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that drug response to different cancers driven by the same oncogene is different and may relate to differences in rewiring of signal transduction. We aimed to study differences in dynamic signaling changes within mutant KRAS (KRAS MT), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. We used an antibody-based phosphoproteomic platform to study changes in 50 phosphoproteins caused by seven targeted anticancer drugs in a panel of 30 KRAS MT cell lines and cancer cells isolated from 10 patients with KRAS MT cancers. We report for the first time significant differences in dynamic signaling between colorectal cancer and NSCLC cell lines exposed to clinically relevant equimolar concentrations of the pan-PI3K inhibitor pictilisib including a lack of reduction of p-AKTser473 in colorectal cancer cell lines (P = 0.037) and lack of compensatory increase in p-MEK in NSCLC cell lines (P = 0.036). Differences in rewiring of signal transduction between tumor types driven by KRAS MT cancers exist and influence response to combination therapy using targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stewart
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Coker
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Pölsterl
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Georgiou
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna R Minchom
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Carreira
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Cunningham
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Er O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florence I Raynaud
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Udai Banerji
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Acylated Ghrelin Renders Chemosensitive Ovarian Cancer Cells Resistant to Cisplatin Chemotherapy via Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Survival Pathway. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:9627810. [PMID: 31360627 PMCID: PMC6644235 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9627810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of acylated synthetic ghrelin (AG) on the survival and proliferation of human chemosensitive ovarian cancer cells (A2780) and explored some mechanisms of action with a focus on the p53 apoptotic pathway and PI3K/Akt and NF-κB survival pathways. Human A2780 ovarian cancer cells were cultured with or without AG treatment in the presence or absence of cisplatin. In some cases, cisplatin+AG-treated cells were pre-incubated either with [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a ghrelin receptor antagonist, or with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. mRNA of ghrelin receptors(GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b), as well as, protein levels of GHS-R1a, were expressed abundantly in A2780 cells. AG treatment did not affect the mRNA and protein levels of GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b in both control and Cis-treated cells. However, while AG treatment had no effect on control cell viability, it significantly increased cell viability and proliferation and inhibited cell death in Cis-treated cells. In both control and Cis-treated cells, AG treatment significantly increased PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and enhanced the nuclear accumulation of NF-κB. Concomitantly, in both control and Cis-treated cells, AG significantly lowered the protein levels of p53, p-p53 (Ser16), PUMA, cytochrome C, and cleaved caspase-3. Interestingly, pre-incubating the cells with either [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 or LY294002 completely abolished the above-mentioned effect of AG in both control and Cis-treated cells. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that AG promotes cell survival of the OC cells and renders them resistat to Cis therapy, an effect that is mediated by the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and activation of NF-κB, and requires GHS-R1a.
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Pokhriyal R, Hariprasad R, Kumar L, Hariprasad G. Chemotherapy Resistance in Advanced Ovarian Cancer Patients. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2019; 11:1179299X19860815. [PMID: 31308780 PMCID: PMC6613062 DOI: 10.1177/1179299x19860815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common gynaecologic malignancy seen in women. Majority of the patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at the advanced stage making prognosis poor. The standard management of advanced ovarian cancer includes tumour debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy. Various types of chemotherapeutic regimens have been used to treat advanced ovarian cancer, but the most promising and the currently used standard first-line treatment is carboplatin and paclitaxel. Despite improved clinical response and survival to this combination of chemotherapy, numerous patients either undergo relapse or succumb to the disease as a result of chemotherapy resistance. To understand this phenomenon at a cellular level, various macromolecules such as DNA, messenger RNA and proteins have been developed as biomarkers for chemotherapy response. This review comprehensively summarizes the problem that pertains to chemotherapy resistance in advanced ovarian cancer and provides a good overview of the various biomarkers that have been developed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Pokhriyal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Roopa Hariprasad
- Division of Clinical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gururao Hariprasad
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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PI3K-AKT-mTOR and NFκB Pathways in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Targeted Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070949. [PMID: 31284467 PMCID: PMC6679095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with an estimated 22,530 new cases and 13,980 deaths in 2019. Recent studies have indicated that the phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as well as the nuclear factor-κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) pathways are highly mutated and/or hyper-activated in a majority of ovarian cancer patients, and are associated with advanced grade and stage disease and poor prognosis. In this review, we will investigate PI3K/AKT/mTOR and their interconnection with NFκB pathway in ovarian cancer cells.
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Chen Y, Bi F, An Y, Yang Q. Coexpression network analysis identified Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) association with chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2607-2615. [PMID: 30206992 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although most patients with ovarian cancer (OC) are initially sensitive to paclitaxel/carboplatin combination chemotherapy, eventually they develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs and experience disease relapse. OC is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and the five-year survival rate is extremely low. Thus, research on specific biomarkers and potential targets for chemotherapy-resistant patients with OC is needed. In our study, genes in the top 10% of variance in data set GSE30161 from chemoresistant and chemosensitive OC tissues were determined to conduct a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The magenta module was most strongly related to OC chemoresponse. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the function of the magenta module primarily focused on transcription regulation, cell cycle control, and apoptosis modulation. Integration of the WGCN with the protein-protein interaction network identified five candidate genes. These five genes were verified using the GSE51373 test set, and Krüppel-like factor 6 ( KLF6) was identified as tightly linked to OC chemosensitivity. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that KLF6 differentiated chemoresistant from chemosensitive OC tissues. The Kaplan-Meier online database indicated that high KLF6 expression was associated with poor OC prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis determined that the KLF6 mechanism was potentially associated with cell cycle, mTOR, and DNA-damage repair signaling pathways. In conclusion, KLF6 was identified in association with OC chemoresistance, and the mechanism of KLF6-mediated chemoresistance may involve the cell cycle, mTOR, and DNA-damage repair signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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A novel PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, CMG002, overcomes the chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 153:135-148. [PMID: 30686552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic-related mortality worldwide. Despite successful initial treatment, overall survival rates are very low because tumors develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. The PI3K/mTOR pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a newly developed PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, CMG002, on chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. METHODS We examined the effects of CMG002, and its synergistic effects when combined with paclitaxel or cisplatin, on cell viability, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of PTX-resistant SKpac17 or cisplatin-resistant A2780cis ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Western blot analysis was performed to assess expression of PI3K, p-mTOR, p-Akt, p-S6, Bim, and caspase-3. In vivo studies were carried out in a xenograft mouse model, followed by TUNEL and immunohistochemical staining of excised tumor tissue. RESULTS CMG002 showed marked toxicity against chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells and re-sensitized these cells to chemotherapeutic agents by suppressing cell proliferation and inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In vivo xenograft studies revealed that treatment with CMG002, either alone or in combination with paclitaxel or cisplatin, led to a marked reduction in tumor growth. CMG002 caused marked suppression of mTOR (Ser2448), Akt (Ser473), Akt (Thr308), and S6 (Ser235/236) phosphorylation, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, CMG002, a very potent PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, induced cytotoxicity in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that this novel inhibitor might be a new therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant ovarian cancer.
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Jiang X, Li X, Li W, Bai H, Zhang Z. PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: Sensitivity prediction and resistance mechanisms. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2303-2313. [PMID: 30672100 PMCID: PMC6433712 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have provided great clinical benefits to ovarian cancer patients. To date, three PARP inhibitors, namely, olaparib, rucaparib and niraparib have been approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer in the United States. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and platinum sensitivity are prospective biomarkers for predicting the response to PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancers. Preclinical data have focused on identifying the gene aberrations that might generate HRD and induce sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in vitro in cancer cell lines or in vivo in patient‐derived xenografts. Clinical trials have focused on genomic scar analysis to identify biomarkers for predicting the response to PARP inhibitors. Additionally, researchers have aimed to investigate mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors and strategies to overcome this resistance. Combining PARP inhibitors with HR pathway inhibitors to extend the utility of PARP inhibitors to BRCA‐proficient tumours is increasingly foreseeable. Identifying the population of patients with the greatest potential benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy and the circumstances under which patients are no longer suited for PARP inhibitor therapy are important. Further studies are required in order to propose better strategies for overcoming resistance to PARP inhibitor therapy in ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bashash D, Delshad M, Riyahi N, Safaroghli-Azar A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Momeny M. Inhibition of PI3K signaling pathway enhances the chemosensitivity of APL cells to ATO: Proposing novel therapeutic potential for BKM120. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 841:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Ataie-Kachoie P, Pillai K, Badar S, Akhter J, Morris DL. Monepantel considerably enhances the therapeutic potentials of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin and gemcitabine in ovarian cancer: in vitro and in vivo studies. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2064-2075. [PMID: 30416856 PMCID: PMC6220142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal disease since treated patients often die from relapse. Resistance to current treatment regime involving doxorubicin and gemcitabine is well known. Hence, we set forth to develop a more effective therapy by combining current treatment drugs with monepantel, an antihelminth drug with proven anticancer effect. In vitro cytotoxicity were first investigated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), gemcitabine, monepantel as single agents and then in combination with monepantel on ovarian tumor cells. Drug effect on oncogenic proteins was determined by western blot analysis and resistance to drugs by colony formation assays. Using in vivo model (nude mice), a similar study, as above, was carried out to determine correlation to in vitro findings. Close correlation existed between in vitro and in vivo studies with the latter indicating that combination of monepantel with either low or high dose PLD was more effective compared to single drug therapy. A similar finding existed for gemcitabine, with gemcitabine showing a more superior efficacy (100% ablation) in combination with MPL. Western blot analysis indicated p-mTOR, p70s6K and 4E-BP1 were severely inhibited by combination of MPL with either PLD or gemcitabine. Colony formation assay indicated a dramatic reduction of colonies with combination treatment suggesting a considerable reduction of resistance. After 28 days, treatment using a combination of MPL with either PLD or gemcitabine showed tumor regression. Hence, the combination of gemcitabine or doxorubicin with monepantel may serve as a more effective therapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Ataie-Kachoie
- Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St. George Hospital Kogarah, Nsw, Australia
| | - Krishna Pillai
- Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St. George Hospital Kogarah, Nsw, Australia
| | - Samina Badar
- Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St. George Hospital Kogarah, Nsw, Australia
| | - Javed Akhter
- Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St. George Hospital Kogarah, Nsw, Australia
| | - David Lawson Morris
- Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St. George Hospital Kogarah, Nsw, Australia
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Basu B, Krebs MG, Sundar R, Wilson RH, Spicer J, Jones R, Brada M, Talbot DC, Steele N, Ingles Garces AH, Brugger W, Harrington EA, Evans J, Hall E, Tovey H, de Oliveira FM, Carreira S, Swales K, Ruddle R, Raynaud FI, Purchase B, Dawes JC, Parmar M, Turner AJ, Tunariu N, Banerjee S, de Bono JS, Banerji U. Vistusertib (dual m-TORC1/2 inhibitor) in combination with paclitaxel in patients with high-grade serous ovarian and squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:1918-1925. [PMID: 30016392 PMCID: PMC6158767 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that raised p-S6K levels correlate with resistance to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. We hypothesised that inhibiting p-S6K signalling with the dual m-TORC1/2 inhibitor in patients receiving weekly paclitaxel could improve outcomes in such patients. Patients and methods In dose escalation, weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) was given 6/7 weeks in combination with two intermittent schedules of vistusertib (dosing starting on the day of paclitaxel): schedule A, vistusertib dosed bd for 3 consecutive days per week (3/7 days) and schedule B, vistusertib dosed bd for 2 consecutive days per week (2/7 days). After establishing a recommended phase II dose (RP2D), expansion cohorts in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) were explored in 25 and 40 patients, respectively. Results The dose-escalation arms comprised 22 patients with advanced solid tumours. The dose-limiting toxicities were fatigue and mucositis in schedule A and rash in schedule B. On the basis of toxicity and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) evaluations, the RP2D was established as 80 mg/m2 paclitaxel with 50 mg vistusertib bd 3/7 days for 6/7 weeks. In the HGSOC expansion, RECIST and GCIG CA125 response rates were 13/25 (52%) and 16/25 (64%), respectively, with median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 5.8 months (95% CI: 3.28-18.54). The RP2D was not well tolerated in the SqNSCLC expansion, but toxicities were manageable after the daily vistusertib dose was reduced to 25 mg bd for the following 23 patients. The RECIST response rate in this group was 8/23 (35%), and the mPFS was 5.8 months (95% CI: 2.76-21.25). Discussion In this phase I trial, we report a highly active and well-tolerated combination of vistusertib, administered as an intermittent schedule with weekly paclitaxel, in patients with HGSOC and SqNSCLC. Clinical trial registration ClinicialTrials.gov identifier: CNCT02193633.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Basu
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - M G Krebs
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
| | - R Sundar
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - R H Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast and Belfast City Hospital, Belfast
| | - J Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - R Jones
- Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff
| | - M Brada
- University of Liverpool and Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral
| | - D C Talbot
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford
| | - N Steele
- University of Glasgow and Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow
| | - A H Ingles Garces
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - W Brugger
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit AstraZeneca, Cambridge
| | | | - J Evans
- University of Glasgow and Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow
| | - E Hall
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - H Tovey
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - F M de Oliveira
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - S Carreira
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - K Swales
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - R Ruddle
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - F I Raynaud
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - B Purchase
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - J C Dawes
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - M Parmar
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - A J Turner
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - N Tunariu
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - S Banerjee
- Department of Gynae-Oncology, The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - J S de Bono
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK; Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - U Banerji
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK; Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London.
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Zhang F, Chen H, Du J, Wang B, Yang L. Anticancer Activity of Metformin, an Antidiabetic Drug, Against Ovarian Cancer Cells Involves Inhibition of Cysteine-Rich 61 (Cyr61)/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6093-6101. [PMID: 30171812 PMCID: PMC6130173 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is considered one of the lethal cancers responsible for high mortality and morbidity across the world. The prognosis and the survival rate of ovarian cancer is far from decent. Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61) also known as CCN1, is a member of CCN-family of growth factors, reported to be significantly overexpressed in several malignancies which include, but are not limited to, ovarian cancer. Recent studies have revealed that women with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an elevated risk of ovarian cancer. Hence, administration of an antidiabetic drug with anticancer effects such as metformin may act as an effective therapeutic regime against ovarian cancer. Material/Methods Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by MTT and Annexin V/PI double staining respectively. Cell migration was determined by Boyden Chamber assay. Transient knockdown of Cyr61 in ovarian cancer cells was achieved by transecting the cells with siRNA for Cyr61using Lipofectamine 2000. Results Our results indicated that treatment of ovarian cancer cells with metformin caused significant downregulation of Cyr61 protein expression levels ultimately favoring apoptosis. Transient knockdown of Cyr61 resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. This was also associated with the concomitant downregulation of pAkt and pmTOR confirming the role of Cyr61 as an upstream modulator of Akt signaling. Conversely the extracellular supplementation of recombinant Cyr61 attenuates the cytotoxic properties of metformin in ovarian cancer cells. Conclusions Taken together, we concluded that metformin exhibits anticancer effects and Cyr61 acts as a direct target for metformin in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Zhang
- Infertility Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Huixiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lixiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Muinao T, Pal M, Deka Boruah HP. Origins based clinical and molecular complexities of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1326-1345. [PMID: 29890249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all common gynaecological malignancies in women worldwide. Ovarian cancer comprises of >15 distinct tumor types and subtypes characterized by histopathological features, environmental and genetic risk factors, precursor lesions and molecular events during oncogenesis. Recent studies on gene signature profiling of different subtypes of ovarian cancer have revealed significant genetic heterogeneity between and within each ovarian cancer histological subtype. Thus, an immense interest have shown towards a more personalized medicine for understanding the clinical and molecular complexities of four major types of epithelial ovarian cancer (serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous). As such, further in depth studies are needed for identification of molecular signalling network complexities associated with effective prognostication and targeted therapies to prevent or treat metastasis. Therefore, understanding the metastatic potential of primary ovarian cancer and therapeutic interventions against lethal ovarian cancer for the development of personalized therapies is very much indispensable. Consequently, in this review we have updated the key dysregulated genes of four major subtypes of epithelial carcinomas. We have also highlighted the recent advances and current challenges in unravelling the complexities of the origin of tumor as well as genetic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thingreila Muinao
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India.
| | - Hari Prasanna Deka Boruah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Jorhat Campus, Assam 785006, India
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Haddadi N, Lin Y, Travis G, Simpson AM, McGowan EM, Nassif NT. PTEN/PTENP1: 'Regulating the regulator of RTK-dependent PI3K/Akt signalling', new targets for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:37. [PMID: 29455665 PMCID: PMC5817727 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the PI-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway is essential for maintaining the integrity of fundamental cellular processes, cell growth, survival, death and metabolism, and dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in the development and progression of cancers. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are major upstream regulators of PI3K/Akt signalling. The phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), a well characterised tumour suppressor, is a prime antagonist of PI3K and therefore a negative regulator of this pathway. Loss or inactivation of PTEN, which occurs in many tumour types, leads to overactivation of RTK/PI3K/Akt signalling driving tumourigenesis. Cellular PTEN levels are tightly regulated by a number of transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms. Of particular interest, transcription of the PTEN pseudogene, PTENP1, produces sense and antisense transcripts that exhibit post-transcriptional and transcriptional modulation of PTEN expression respectively. These additional levels of regulatory complexity governing PTEN expression add to the overall intricacies of the regulation of RTK/PI-3 K/Akt signalling. This review will discuss the regulation of oncogenic PI3K signalling by PTEN (the regulator) with a focus on the modulatory effects of the sense and antisense transcripts of PTENP1 on PTEN expression, and will further explore the potential for new therapeutic opportunities in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Glena Travis
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Ann M. Simpson
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Eileen M. McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
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Ovarian Cancers: Genetic Abnormalities, Tumor Heterogeneity and Progression, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5010016. [PMID: 29389895 PMCID: PMC5874581 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Four main histological subtypes of ovarian cancer exist: serous (the most frequent), endometrioid, mucinous and clear cell; in each subtype, low and high grade. The large majority of ovarian cancers are diagnosed as high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGS-OvCas). TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in HGS-OvCas; about 50% of these tumors displayed defective homologous recombination due to germline and somatic BRCA mutations, epigenetic inactivation of BRCA and abnormalities of DNA repair genes; somatic copy number alterations are frequent in these tumors and some of them are associated with prognosis; defective NOTCH, RAS/MEK, PI3K and FOXM1 pathway signaling is frequent. Other histological subtypes were characterized by a different mutational spectrum: LGS-OvCas have increased frequency of BRAF and RAS mutations; mucinous cancers have mutation in ARID1A, PIK3CA, PTEN, CTNNB1 and RAS. Intensive research was focused to characterize ovarian cancer stem cells, based on positivity for some markers, including CD133, CD44, CD117, CD24, EpCAM, LY6A, ALDH1. Ovarian cancer cells have an intrinsic plasticity, thus explaining that in a single tumor more than one cell subpopulation, may exhibit tumor-initiating capacity. The improvements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of ovarian cancers should lead to more efficacious treatments.
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Criscitiello C, Viale G, Curigliano G, Goldhirsch A. Profile of buparlisib and its potential in the treatment of breast cancer: evidence to date. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2018; 10:23-29. [PMID: 29430197 PMCID: PMC5796458 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s134641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is key for the growth and survival of several cancers, including breast cancer. In addition, dysregulation of PI3K signaling may contribute to resistance to several anticancer agents. PI3K inhibitors may, therefore, be effective as antineoplastic therapy. Buparlisib is a potent and highly specific oral inhibitor of the pan-class I PI3K family. Buparlisib specifically inhibits class I PIK3 in the PI3K/AKT kinase signaling pathway in an ATP-competitive manner, thus inhibiting the production of the secondary messenger phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and activation of the PI3K signaling pathway. This may induce inhibition of tumor cell growth and survival in susceptible tumor cell populations. Buparlisib is currently under investigation in patients with a variety of solid tumors, including breast cancer. Buparlisib has been validated as a promising anticancer agent, and tremendous efforts have been taken to develop it. However, buparlisib monotherapy has resulted in humble benefit so far. Results from studies combining buparlisib with different anticancer agents - namely, endocrine therapy, anti-HER2 therapy, and chemotherapy - have showed variable efficacy with consistent substantial toxicity.
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Wong Te Fong AC, Thavasu P, Gagrica S, Swales KE, Leach MO, Cosulich SC, Chung YL, Banerji U. Evaluation of the combination of the dual m-TORC1/2 inhibitor vistusertib (AZD2014) and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer models. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113874-113884. [PMID: 29371953 PMCID: PMC5768370 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway has been shown to be correlated with resistance to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. We aimed to investigate the effects of combining inhibition of mTORC1 and 2 using the mTOR kinase inhibitor vistusertib (AZD2014) with paclitaxel in in vitro and in vivo ovarian cancer models. The combination of vistusertib and paclitaxel on cell growth was additive in a majority of cell lines in the panel (n = 12) studied. A cisplatin- resistant model (A2780Cis) was studied in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 by vistusertib and the combination by showing reduction in p-S6 and p-AKT levels, respectively. In the A2780CisR xenograft model compared to control, there was a significant reduction in tumor volumes (p = 0.03) caused by the combination and not paclitaxel or vistusertib alone. In vivo, we observed a significant increase in apoptosis (cleaved PARP measured by immunohistochemistry; p = 0.0003). Decreases in phospholipid and bioenergetic metabolites were studied using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and significant changes in phosphocholine (p = 0.01), and ATP (p = 0.04) were seen in tumors treated with the combination when compared to vehicle-control. Based on this data, a clinical trial evaluating the combination of paclitaxel and vistusertib has been initiated (NCT02193633). Interestingly, treatment of ovarian cancer patients with paclitaxel caused an increase in p-AKT levels in platelet-rich plasma and it was possible to abrogate this increase with the co-treatment with vistusertib in 4/5 patients: we believe this combination will benefit patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Christine Wong Te Fong
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Parames Thavasu
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics and Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Sladjana Gagrica
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen E. Swales
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics and Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Martin O. Leach
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Sabina C. Cosulich
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics and Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, UK
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Minchom A, Thavasu P, Ahmad Z, Stewart A, Georgiou A, O’Brien MER, Popat S, Bhosle J, Yap TA, de Bono J, Banerji U. A study of PD-L1 expression in KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer cell lines exposed to relevant targeted treatments. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186106. [PMID: 28982179 PMCID: PMC5628934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated PD-L1 changes in response to MEK and AKT inhibitors in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma (adeno-NSCLC). PD-L1 expression was quantified using immunofluorescence and co-culture with a jurkat cell-line transfected with NFAT-luciferase was used to study if changes in PD-L1 expression in cancer cell lines were functionally relevant. Five KRAS mutant cell lines with high PD-L1 expression (H441, H2291, H23, H2030 and A549) were exposed to GI50 inhibitor concentrations of a MEK inhibitor (trametinib) and an AKT inhibitor (AZD5363) for 3 weeks. Only 3/5 (H23, H2030 and A549) and 2/5 cell lines (H441 and H23) showed functionally significant increases in PD-L1 expression when exposed to trametinib or AZD5363 respectively. PD-L1 overexpression is not consistent and is unlikely to be an early mechanism of resistance to KRAS mutant adeno-NSCLC treated with MEK or AKT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Minchom
- The Lung Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Parames Thavasu
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zai Ahmad
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Stewart
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Georgiou
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E. R. O’Brien
- The Lung Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Popat
- The Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaishree Bhosle
- The Lung Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A. Yap
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Udai Banerji
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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40
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Gocher AM, Azabdaftari G, Euscher LM, Dai S, Karacosta LG, Franke TF, Edelman AM. Akt activation by Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2017. [PMID: 28634229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Akt is associated with oncogenic changes in the growth, survival, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. The PI3K/phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK) 1 pathway represents the canonical mechanism for phosphorylation of Akt at its primary activation site, Thr-308. We observed that Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (β) (CaMKK2) is highly expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, and we investigated its role in Akt activation in ovarian cancer (OVCa) cell lines (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and Caov-3). Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of CaMKK2 produced phenotypes expected of Akt inhibition, including reductions in cell growth and cell viability and in the regulation of Akt downstream targets involved in G1/S transition and apoptosis. CaMKK2 knockdown or inhibition decreased Akt phosphorylation at Thr-308 and Ser-473 to extents similar to those of PDK1 knockdown or PI3K inhibition. Combined CaMKK2 and PDK1 knockdown or CaMKK and PI3K inhibition, respectively, produced additive effects on p-Akt and cell growth, consistent with direct Akt phosphorylation by CaMKK2. This conclusion was supported by the absence of effects of CaMKK2 knockdown/inhibition on alternative means of activating Akt via p-Akt Thr-450, p-PDK1 Ser-241, or p-IRS1 Ser-636/639. Recombinant CaMKK2 directly activated recombinant Akt by phosphorylation at Thr-308 in a Ca2+/CaM-dependent manner. In OVCa cells, p-Akt Thr-308 was significantly inhibited by intracellular Ca2+i chelation or CaM inhibition. Ionomycin-induced Ca2+ influx promoted p-Akt, an effect blocked by PDK1, and/or CaMKK2, siRNAs, and by PI3K and/or CaMKK inhibitors. CaMKK2 knockdown potentiated the effects of the chemotherapeutic drugs carboplatin and PX-866 to reduce proliferation and survival of OVCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gocher
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Lindsey M Euscher
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Shuhang Dai
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Loukia G Karacosta
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Thomas F Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Arthur M Edelman
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214,.
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Cao S, Chen C, Xue J, Huang Y, Yang X, Ling K. Silencing of type Iγ phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:253-262. [PMID: 28560454 PMCID: PMC5492676 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death in ovarian cancer patients. Given that the molecular mechanism underlying metastasis formation is critical for improving therapeutic development and clinical treatment, it must be fully understood. Recent studies have revealed that lipid kinase type Iγ phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPKIγ) participates in the metastasis of breast cancer and colon cancer by regulating cell migration and invasion. However, its role in the progression of ovarian cancer is unclear. Here we showed that PIPKIγ expression is upregulated in multiple epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. Silencing of PIPKIγ impaired PI3K/AKT signaling and inhibited the aggressive behaviors of epithelial ovarian cancer cells, including proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, we found that PIPKIγ was required for the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in epithelial ovarian cancer cells, indicating that STAT3 may also be engaged in the PIPKIγ-dependent aggressiveness of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Our results, for the first time, identified PIPKIγ as a novel regulator in epithelial ovarian cancer cells that promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion by activating multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, we propose that PIPKIγ could potentially be a therapeutic target for the early detection and treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Further studies employing in vivo models are necessary to test this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Cao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Junli Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kun Ling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
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Stewart A, Banerji U. Utilizing the Luminex Magnetic Bead-Based Suspension Array for Rapid Multiplexed Phosphoprotein Quantification. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1636:119-131. [PMID: 28730477 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7154-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of protein phosphorylation is critical for the advancement of our understanding of cellular responses to external and internal stimuli. Phosphorylation, the addition of phosphate groups, most often occurs on serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues due to the action of protein kinases. This structural change causes the protein to become activated (or deactivated) and enables it in turn to initiate the phosphorylation of other proteins in a cascade, eventually causing cell-wide changes such as apoptosis, cell differentiation, and growth (among others). Cellular phosphoprotein pathway dysregulation by mutation or chromosomal instability can often give the cell a selective advantage and lead to cancer. Obviously the understanding of these systems is of huge importance to the field of oncology.This chapter aims to provide a "how to" manual for one such technology, the 96-well plate-based xMAP® platform from Luminex. The system utilizes antibody-bound free-floating magnetic spheres which can easily be removed from suspension via magnetization. There are 100 unique bead sets (moving up to 500 bead sets for the most recent system) identified by the ratio of two dyes coating the microsphere. Each bead set is conjugated to a specific antibody which allows targeted protein extraction from low-concentration lysate solution. Biotinylated secondary antibodies/streptavidin-R-phycoerythrin (SAPE) complexes provide the quantification mechanism for the phosphoprotein of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stewart
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden, Sycamore House, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Royal Marsden, Sycamore House, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
- Drug Development Unit, Sycamore House, London, UK.
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Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays an integral role in many cellular processes and is frequently altered in cancer, contributing to tumor growth and survival. Small molecule inhibitors have been developed that target the three major nodes of this pathway: PI3K, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin. However, because oncogenic PI3K pathway activation is achieved in diverse, potentially redundant ways, the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors as monotherapies has, so far, been limited, despite demonstrating promising preclinical activity. Moreover, pathway activation is associated with resistance to other therapies; thus, in combination, PI3K pathway inhibitors could restore therapeutic sensitivity to these agents. To maximize therapeutic benefit, drug combinations and schedules must be explored to identify those with the highest efficacy and lowest toxicity overlap. In addition, defining appropriate patient subpopulations, for both monotherapy and drug combinations, will be important. However, identifying predictive biomarkers remains a challenge.
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Xiao L, Yin XC, Cao QQ. [The role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in DADS-induced apoptosis of K562 cells]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:1050-1054. [PMID: 27751229 PMCID: PMC7389534 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the diallyl disulfide (DADS)-induced apoptosis of K562 cells. METHODS K562 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were treated with 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/L DADS for 48 hours, then fixed and stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB), and examined for cellular morphological changes under an inverted microscope. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used for determining the apoptotic rates, and Western blot for measuring the expression of AKT, p-AKT, and Caspase-3. Two control groups, blank and solvent, were used as references. RESULTS K562 cells treated with DADS for 48 hours exhibited the characteristic morphological features of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, irregular cell shape, and membrane blebbing. AO/EB staining results demonstrated that the number of apoptotic cells with cell shrinkage, pyknotic or bead-like nuclei, chromatin condensation, and orange staining increased with the increasing DADS concentration, and 40 mg/L DADS had the most significant effect. The apoptotic rates of cells treated with 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L DADS were all significantly higher than those in the control groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in AKT protein expression between the K562 cells treated with different concentrations of DADS; the p-AKT protein expression decreased with the increasing DADS concentration, while the Caspases-3 protein expression increased with the increasing DADS concentration (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS DADS induces the apoptosis of K562 cells, probably through inhibiting the protein expression in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affilliated Hospital of Nanhua Medical University, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Fleitas T, Ibarrola-Villava M, Ribas G, Cervantes A. MassARRAY determination of somatic oncogenic mutations in solid tumors: Moving forward to personalized medicine. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 49:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu M, Qi Z, Liu B, Ren Y, Li H, Yang G, Zhang Q. RY-2f, an isoflavone analog, overcomes cisplatin resistance to inhibit ovarian tumorigenesis via targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25281-94. [PMID: 26325371 PMCID: PMC4694831 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death in gynecologic malignancies partially because of resistance to chemotherapy. In the present study, we show that RY-2f, a chemically synthesized isoflavone analog, inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, blocked cell cycle in G2/M phase and induced cellular apoptosis through up-regulation of p21, cyclin B1, Bax, Bad and cleaved-PARP, and suppression of cyclin A, CDK2 and Bcl-2. We also show that RY-2f could increase the chemotherapeutic efficacy of cisplatin as tested by cell proliferation and colony formation assays, indicating a synergistic effect of RY-2f and cisplatin. Mechanistic study revealed that RY-2f exerted the anti-tumor activities mainly through suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Finally, in vivo studies showed that RY-2f blocked the A2780-induced xenograft tumor growth without detectable toxicity in the animals at the therapeutic doses, and whereas RY-2f re-sensitized the cisplatin resistant cell line A2780/CDDP induced xenograft tumor to cisplatin treatment. Thus, RY-2f may be developed as a potential therapeutic agent to treat ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zihao Qi
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hanbin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wang D, Li C, Zhang Y, Wang M, Jiang N, Xiang L, Li T, Roberts TM, Zhao JJ, Cheng H, Liu P. Combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP is effective in the treatment of ovarian cancer cells with wild-type PIK3CA genes. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 142:548-56. [PMID: 27426307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP has been shown to be effective in the treatment of preclinical models of breast cancer and prostate cancer independent of BRCA or PIK3CA mutational status. However, the knowledge about this combination treatment in ovarian cancer is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib on ovarian cancer cell lines bearing wild-type PIK3CA genes. METHODS We exposed three wild-type PIK3CA ovarian cancer cell lines to a PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and/or a PARP inhibitor Olaparib. The effect of BKM120 as a single-agent or in combination with Olaparib was evaluated by Cell Count Kit (CCK8) assay, immunoblotting, comet assay, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining assay. The combination indexes for synergistic effect on cell viability were calculated with the Chou-Talalay method. Ex vivo cultured ovarian cancer tissues from patients were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP effectively synergized to block the growth of three wild-type PIK3CA ovarian cancer cell lines and explants of a primary ovarian tumor specimen. Mechanistically, dual blockade of PI3K and PARP in these ovarian cancer cell lines resulted in substantially attenuated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, impaired DNA damage response and deficient homologous recombination repair, with remarkable BRCA downregulation. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib may be effective in ovarian cancers with a broader spectrum of cancer-associated genetic alterations but not limited to those with mutant PIK3CA or BRCA genes. BRCA downregulation may be a potential biomarker for the effective response to the proposed combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Chengbo Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Min Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ting Li
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Thomas M Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Hailing Cheng
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Pixu Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Roviello G, Milani M, Gobbi A, Cappelletti MR, Zanotti L, Senti C, Bottini A, Strina C, Sigala S, Generali D. A Phase Ib Open-Label Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Everolimus in Combination With Eribulin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 16:e57-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Puglisi M, Stewart A, Thavasu P, Frow M, Carreira S, Minchom A, Punwani R, Bhosle J, Popat S, Ratoff J, de Bono J, Yap TA, O''Brien M, Banerji U. Characterisation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Isolated from Pleural Effusions. Oncology 2016; 90:280-8. [PMID: 27082424 DOI: 10.1159/000444928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesised that it was possible to quantify phosphorylation of important nodes in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in cancer cells isolated from pleural effusions of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and study their correlation to somatic mutations and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were immunomagnetically separated from samples of pleural effusion in patients with NSCLC. p-AKT, p-S6K and p-GSK3β levels were quantified by ELISA; targeted next-generation sequencing was used to characterise mutations in 26 genes. RESULTS It was possible to quantify phosphoproteins in cells isolated from 38/43 pleural effusions. There was a significant correlation between p-AKT and p-S6K levels [r = 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.73-0.92), p < 0.0001], but not p-AKT and p-GSK3β levels [r = 0.19 (95% confidence interval -0.16 to 0.5), p = 0.3]. A wide range of mutations was described and p-S6K was higher in samples that harboured at least one mutation compared to those that did not (p = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, p-S6K levels were significantly associated with poor survival (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our study has shown a correlation between p-AKT levels and p-S6K, but not GSK3β, suggesting differences in regulation of the distal PI3K pathway by AKT. Higher p-S6K levels were associated with adverse survival, making it a critically important target in NSCLC.
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Wang D, Wang M, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Bian X, Wang X, Roberts TM, Zhao JJ, Liu P, Cheng H. Effective use of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib to treat PIK3CA mutant ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13153-66. [PMID: 26909613 PMCID: PMC4914348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies revealed the efficacy of combined use of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and PARP inhibitor Olaparib in breast and prostate cancers. The current study investigated the effect of such drug combination on ovarian cancer. Here we showed that combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP effectively synergized to inhibit proliferation, survival and invasion in the majority of ovarian cancer cell lines harboring PIK3CA mutations, including SKOV3, HEYA8, and IGROV1. Mechanistically, combined treatment of PARP and PI3K inhibitors resulted in an exacerbated DNA damage response and more substantially reduced AKT/mTOR signaling when compared to single-agent. Notably, ovarian cancer cells responsive to the PI3K/PARP combination displayed decreased BRCA1/2 expression upon drug treatment. Furthermore, the effect of the drug combination was corroborated in an intraperitoneal dissemination xenograft mouse model in which SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells responded with significantly decreased BRCA1 expression, suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling and reduced tumor burden. Collectively, our data suggested that combined inhibition of PI3K and PARP may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancers with PIK3CA mutations and that the accompanied BRCA downregulation following PI3K inhibition could serve as a biomarker for the effective response to PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Min Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xing Bian
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Thomas M. Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pixu Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hailing Cheng
- Cancer Institute, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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