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Mohammed I, Alhammer AH, Arif IS. The p53 reactivator PRIMA-1 MET synergises with 5-fluorouracil to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:587-595. [PMID: 37402008 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest malignancies; p53 is mutated in approximately 75% of PC patients. Hence, the protein derived from mutant/wild-type TP53 may represent a therapeutic target. Interestingly, a p53 reactivator (PRIMA-1MET) showed promise in clinical trials of haematological malignancies; therefore, it warrants an in vitro evaluation in PC cell lines. To evaluate the antiproliferative effects of PRIMA-1MET, either alone or combined with the common chemotherapy 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), against mutated and wild-type p53 PC cell lines. This study involved p53-mutant (AsPC-1) and p53-wild type (Capan-2) PC cell lines. The cytotoxicity of PRIMA-1MET alone or in combination with 5-FU was evaluated by MTT assay. Synergism was assessed by calculating the combination index (CI) via CalcuSyn software. Fluorescence microscopy was used to analyse apoptosis following acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Morphological changes were investigated with an inverted microscope. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‒qPCR) was used to measure gene expression. Both PC cell lines were sensitive to PRIMA-1MET monotherapy. Furthermore, PRIMA-1MET and 5-FU had a synergistic effect (CI < 1), reflected by significant enhancement of apoptosis and morphological changes in the combination vs. monotherapy treatments. Moreover, the RT‒qPCR results indicated increased expression of the NOXA and TP73 genes in combination-treated cells. Our data suggested that PRIMA-1MET, whether alone or combined with 5-FU, has an antiproliferative effect on PC cell lines regardless of p53 mutational status. The synergism of the combination was associated with significant apoptosis induction through p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways. Preclinical confirmation of these data in in vivo models is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtehal Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali Haider Alhammer
- Medical and Molecular Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Inam Sameh Arif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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2
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Silva JL, Foguel D, Ferreira VF, Vieira TCRG, Marques MA, Ferretti GDS, Outeiro TF, Cordeiro Y, de Oliveira GAP. Targeting Biomolecular Condensation and Protein Aggregation against Cancer. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37379327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates, membrane-less entities arising from liquid-liquid phase separation, hold dichotomous roles in health and disease. Alongside their physiological functions, these condensates can transition to a solid phase, producing amyloid-like structures implicated in degenerative diseases and cancer. This review thoroughly examines the dual nature of biomolecular condensates, spotlighting their role in cancer, particularly concerning the p53 tumor suppressor. Given that over half of the malignant tumors possess mutations in the TP53 gene, this topic carries profound implications for future cancer treatment strategies. Notably, p53 not only misfolds but also forms biomolecular condensates and aggregates analogous to other protein-based amyloids, thus significantly influencing cancer progression through loss-of-function, negative dominance, and gain-of-function pathways. The exact molecular mechanisms underpinning the gain-of-function in mutant p53 remain elusive. However, cofactors like nucleic acids and glycosaminoglycans are known to be critical players in this intersection between diseases. Importantly, we reveal that molecules capable of inhibiting mutant p53 aggregation can curtail tumor proliferation and migration. Hence, targeting phase transitions to solid-like amorphous and amyloid-like states of mutant p53 offers a promising direction for innovative cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerson L Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Debora Foguel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tuane C R G Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Marques
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Giulia D S Ferretti
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A P de Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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3
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Wang H, Guo M, Wei H, Chen Y. Targeting p53 pathways: mechanisms, structures, and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:92. [PMID: 36859359 PMCID: PMC9977964 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently altered gene in human cancers, and has been a major focus of oncology research. The p53 protein is a transcription factor that can activate the expression of multiple target genes and plays critical roles in regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and genomic stability, and is widely regarded as the "guardian of the genome". Accumulating evidence has shown that p53 also regulates cell metabolism, ferroptosis, tumor microenvironment, autophagy and so on, all of which contribute to tumor suppression. Mutations in TP53 not only impair its tumor suppressor function, but also confer oncogenic properties to p53 mutants. Since p53 is mutated and inactivated in most malignant tumors, it has been a very attractive target for developing new anti-cancer drugs. However, until recently, p53 was considered an "undruggable" target and little progress has been made with p53-targeted therapies. Here, we provide a systematic review of the diverse molecular mechanisms of the p53 signaling pathway and how TP53 mutations impact tumor progression. We also discuss key structural features of the p53 protein and its inactivation by oncogenic mutations. In addition, we review the efforts that have been made in p53-targeted therapies, and discuss the challenges that have been encountered in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Wang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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4
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Gupta S, Master S, Graham C. Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma: A Patient-Focused Review of the Pathogenesis of Bone Marrow Escape. World J Oncol 2022; 13:311-319. [PMID: 36406195 PMCID: PMC9635794 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic clonal proliferation of plasma cells, predominantly in the bone marrow. The presentation of MM in extramedullary tissue, particularly the liver, is uncommon with only a few reported cases in literature. We report a rare and unusual presentation of kappa light chain restricted MM with progression of disease to involve the liver. MM was initially diagnosed on bone marrow biopsy, initially treated with carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone, later changed to bortezomib, daratumumab and dexamethasone. There was subsequent progression with a new biopsy-proven myelomatous liver lesion. The patient could not receive high-dose chemotherapy due to multiple co-morbidities and extent of disease and eventually succumbed to her disease rapidly. This article emphasizes the poor prognosis of extramedullary involvement in MM and the pathogenic mechanisms by which it develops. Based on a review of the literature of other cases and case series of solitary or diffuse myeloma involvement in the liver, high-dose chemotherapy in combination with proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators has the best success rate with less relapse and progressive disease in extramedullary myeloma. Our analysis concluded that the gain of CD44, loss of CD56, loss of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), imbalance of the chemokine receptor-4-chemokine ligand-12 (CXCR4-CXCL12) axis, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma 1 (MALAT1) upregulation, RAS pathway activation as well as 13q and 17p deletions show an increased propensity of malignant plasma cells to leave the bone marrow and hone in extramedullary sites giving rise to more aggressive extramedullary diseases. Targeted therapeutics such as CD44v-directed therapy and reactivation of p53 to wild-type conformation could potentially be evaluated as treatment options in the future to improve outcomes in this aggressive form of MM, especially in patients with advanced disease and limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Gupta
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Samip Master
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Christopher Graham
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Hong Y, Ren T, Wang X, Liu X, Fei Y, Meng S, Han X, Sun C, Shen H, Li L, Qiu L, Qian Z, Zhou S, Zhang H, Wang X. APR-246 triggers ferritinophagy and ferroptosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells with distinct TP53 mutations. Leukemia 2022; 36:2269-2280. [PMID: 35835991 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TP53 mutations correlate with inferior survival in many cancers. APR-246 is a compound to shift mutant p53 and exhibits anti-cancer effects. Among its effects, APR-246 facilitates the binding of restored p53 mutants to target genes and their transcription. A set of 2464 DLBCL cases from multiple cohorts including our center, was integrated to identify the type and localization of TP53 mutations and clinical impacts. APR-246 was applied in TP53-mutated DLBCL cells and xenograft mouse models to explore the anti-tumor effect. TP53 mutations frequency was 16% and TP53 mutations correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in all cases, especially in germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and unclassified (UNC) subtypes. Notably, TP53 single mutations in the DNA binding domain (DBD) led to poor OS and PFS. Specifically, mutations in exon 7 correlated with poorer OS, while mutations in exons 5 and 6 associated with inferior PFS. APR-246 induces p53-dependent ferritinophagy of DLBCL cells with TP53 missense mutation on exon 7 and ferroptosis of DLBCL cells harboring wild-type TP53 and other TP53 mutations. TP53 mutations on exons 5, 6 and 7 are predictors of progression and survival. Targeting mutant p53 by APR-246 is a promising therapeutic approach for DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Hong
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Tianyuan Ren
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Yue Fei
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Shen Meng
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7555, USA
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Hongru Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Zhengzi Qian
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Shiyong Zhou
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China.
| | - Xianhuo Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, 300060, CN, China.
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6
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P63 and P73 Activation in Cancers with p53 Mutation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071490. [PMID: 35884795 PMCID: PMC9313412 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the p53 family comprise p53, p63, and p73, and full-length isoforms of the p53 family have a tumor suppressor function. However, p53, but not p63 or p73, has a high mutation rate in cancers causing it to lose its tumor suppressor function. The top and second-most prevalent p53 mutations are missense and nonsense mutations, respectively. In this review, we discuss possible drug therapies for nonsense mutation and a missense mutation in p53. p63 and p73 activators may be able to replace mutant p53 and act as anti-cancer drugs. Herein, these p63 and p73 activators are summarized and how to improve these activator responses, particularly focusing on p53 gain-of-function mutants, is discussed.
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7
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Luo S, Su T, Zhou X, Hu WX, Hu J. Chromosome 1 instability in multiple myeloma: Aberrant gene expression, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic target. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22341. [PMID: 35579877 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), the terminally differentiated B cells malignancy, is widely considered to be incurable since many patients have either developed drug resistance or experienced an eventual relapse. To develop precise and efficient therapeutic strategies, we must understand the pathogenesis of MM. Thus, unveiling the driver events of MM and its further clonal evolution will help us understand this complicated disease. Chromosome 1 instabilities are the most common genomic alterations that participate in MM pathogenesis, and these aberrations of chromosome 1 mainly include copy number variations and structural changes. The chromosome 1q gains/amplifications and 1p deletions are the most frequent structural changes of chromosomes in MM. In this review, we intend to focus on the genes that are affected by chromosome 1 instability: some tumor suppressors were lost or down regulated in 1p deletions, and others that contributed to tumorigenesis were upregulated in 1q gains/amplifications. We have summarized their biological function as well as their roles in the MM pathogenesis, hoping to uncover potential novel therapeutical targets and promote the development of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqun Luo
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Xin Hu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Wang Z, Strasser A, Kelly GL. Should mutant TP53 be targeted for cancer therapy? Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:911-920. [PMID: 35332311 PMCID: PMC9091235 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the TP53 tumour suppressor gene are found in ~50% of human cancers [1-6]. TP53 functions as a transcription factor that directly regulates the expression of ~500 genes, some of them involved in cell cycle arrest/cell senescence, apoptotic cell death or DNA damage repair, i.e. the cellular responses that together prevent tumorigenesis [1-6]. Defects in TP53 function not only cause tumour development but also impair the response of malignant cells to anti-cancer drugs, particularly those that induce DNA damage [1-6]. Most mutations in TP53 in human cancers cause a single amino acid substitution, usually within the DNA binding domain of the TP53 protein. These mutant TP53 proteins are often expressed at high levels in the malignant cells. Three cancer causing attributes have been postulated for mutant TP53 proteins: the inability to activate target genes controlled by wt TP53 (loss-of-function, LOF) that are critical for tumour suppression, dominant negative effects (DNE), i.e. blocking the function of wt TP53 in cells during early stages of transformation when mutant and wt TP53 proteins are co-expressed, and gain-of-function (GOF) effects whereby mutant TP53 impacts diverse cellular pathways by interacting with proteins that are not normally engaged by wt TP53 [1-6]. The GOF effects of mutant TP53 were reported to be essential for the sustained proliferation and survival of malignant cells and it was therefore proposed that agents that can remove mutant TP53 protein would have substantial therapeutic impact [7-9]. In this review article we discuss evidence for and against the value of targeting mutant TP53 protein for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Wang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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9
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Basak T, Kanwar RK. Iron imbalance in cancer: Intersection of deficiency and overload. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3837-3853. [PMID: 35460205 PMCID: PMC9582687 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron, an essential trace element, plays a complex role in tumour biology. While iron causes cancer clearance through toxic free radical generation, iron‐induced free radical flux also acts as a cancer promoter. These fates majorly guided through cellular response towards pro‐oxidant and antioxidant settings in a tumour microenvironment, designate iron‐induced oxidative stress as a common yet paradoxical factor in pro‐tumorigenesis as well as anti‐tumorigenesis, posing a challenge to laying down iron thresholds favouring tumour clearance. Additionally, complexity of iron's association with carcinogenesis has been extended to iron‐induced ROS's involvement in states of both iron deficiency and overload, conditions identified as comparable, inevitable and significant coexisting contributors as well as outcomes in chronic infections and tumorigenesis. Besides, iron overload may also develop as an unwanted outcome in certain cancer patients, as a result of symptomatic anaemia treatment owed to irrational iron‐restoration therapies without a prior knowledge of body's iron status with both conditions synergistically acting towards tumour aggravation. The co‐play of iron deficiency and overload along with iron's pro‐tumour and antitumour roles with intersecting mechanisms, thus presents an unpredictable regulatory response loop in a state of malignancy. The relevance of iron's thresholds beyond which it proves to be beneficial against tumorigenesis hence becomes questionable. These factors pose a challenge, over establishing if iron chelation or iron flooding acts as a better approach towards antitumour therapies. This review presents a critical picture of multiple contrasting features of iron's behaviour in cancer, leading towards two conditions lying at opposite ends of a spectrum: iron deficiency and overload in chronic disease conditions including cancer, hence, validating the critical significance of diagnosis of patients' iron status prior to opting for subsequent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Basak
- Institute for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rupinder Kaur Kanwar
- Institute for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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10
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Cai BH, Bai ZY, Lien CF, Yu SJ, Lu RY, Wu MH, Wu WC, Chen CC, Hsu YC. NAMPT Inhibitor and P73 Activator Represses P53 R175H Mutated HNSCC Cell Proliferation in a Synergistic Manner. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030438. [PMID: 35327630 PMCID: PMC8946684 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 family has the following three members: p53, p63 and p73. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that frequently exhibits mutation in head and neck cancer. Most p53 mutants are loss-of-function (LoF) mutants, but some acquire some oncogenic function, such as gain of function (GoF). It is known that the aggregation of mutant p53 can induce p53 GoF. The p73 activators RETRA and NSC59984 have an anti-cancer effect in p53 mutation cells, but we found that p73 activators were not effective in all head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, with different p53 mutants. A comparison of the gene expression profiles of several regulator(s) in mutant HNSCC cells with or without aggregation of p53 revealed that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a key regulator of mutant p53 aggregation. An NAMPT inhibitor, to reduce abnormal aggregation of mutant p53, used in combination with a p73 activator, was able to effectively repress growth in HNSCC cells with p53 GoF mutants. This study, therefore, suggests a potential combination therapy approach for HNSCC with a p53 GoF mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-He Cai
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-F.L.); (M.-H.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.-H.C.); (C.-C.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Zhi-Yu Bai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.B.); (S.-J.Y.); (R.-Y.L.)
| | - Ching-Feng Lien
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-F.L.); (M.-H.W.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Si-Jie Yu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.B.); (S.-J.Y.); (R.-Y.L.)
| | - Rui-Yu Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.B.); (S.-J.Y.); (R.-Y.L.)
| | - Ming-Han Wu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-F.L.); (M.-H.W.)
| | - Wei-Chen Wu
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chi Chen
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (B.-H.C.); (C.-C.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-F.L.); (M.-H.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.-H.C.); (C.-C.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
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11
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Birsen R, Larrue C, Decroocq J, Johnson N, Guiraud N, Gotanegre M, Cantero-Aguilar L, Grignano E, Huynh T, Fontenay M, Kosmider O, Mayeux P, Chapuis N, Sarry JE, Tamburini J, Bouscary D. APR-246 induces early cell death by ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2022; 107:403-416. [PMID: 33406814 PMCID: PMC8804578 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.259531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
APR-246 is a promising new therapeutic agent that targets p53 mutated proteins in myelodysplastic syndromes and in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). APR-246 reactivates the transcriptional activity of p53 mutants by facilitating their binding to DNA target sites. Recent studies in solid cancers have found that APR-246 can also induce p53-independent cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that AML cell death occurring early after APR-246 exposure is suppressed by iron chelators, lipophilic antioxidants and inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, and correlates with the accumulation of markers of lipid peroxidation, thus fulfilling the definition of ferroptosis, a recently described cell death process. The capacity of AML cells to detoxify lipid peroxides by increasing their cystine uptake to maintain major antioxidant molecule glutathione biosynthesis after exposure to APR-246 may be a key determinant of sensitivity to this compound. The association of APR-246 with induction of ferroptosis (either by pharmacological compounds, or genetic inactivation of SLC7A11 or GPX4) had a synergistic effect on the promotion of cell death, both in vivo and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Birsen
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris.
| | - Clement Larrue
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Justine Decroocq
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris
| | - Natacha Johnson
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris
| | - Nathan Guiraud
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse
| | - Mathilde Gotanegre
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse
| | | | - Eric Grignano
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris
| | - Tony Huynh
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris
| | - Olivier Kosmider
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris
| | - Patrick Mayeux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris
| | - Nicolas Chapuis
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris
| | - Jean Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, UMR1037, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, F-31037 Toulouse
| | - Jerome Tamburini
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Didier Bouscary
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Service d'Hématologie clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris.
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12
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Carlsen L, El-Deiry WS. Differential p53-Mediated Cellular Responses to DNA-Damaging Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111828. [PMID: 34769259 PMCID: PMC8584119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene TP53, which encodes the tumor suppressor protein p53, is mutated in about 50% of cancers. In response to cell stressors like DNA damage and after treatment with DNA-damaging therapeutic agents, p53 acts as a transcription factor to activate subsets of target genes which carry out cell fates such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. Target gene selection by p53 is controlled by a complex regulatory network whose response varies across contexts including treatment type, cell type, and tissue type. The molecular basis of target selection across these contexts is not well understood. Knowledge gained from examining p53 regulatory network profiles across different DNA-damaging agents in different cell types and tissue types may inform logical ways to optimally manipulate the network to encourage p53-mediated tumor suppression and anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. This may be achieved with combination therapies or with p53-reactivating targeted therapies. Here, we review the basics of the p53 regulatory network in the context of differential responses to DNA-damaging agents; discuss recent efforts to characterize differential p53 responses across treatment types, cell types, and tissue types; and examine the relevance of evaluating these responses in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we address open questions including the potential relevance of alternative p53 transcriptional functions, p53 transcription-independent functions, and p53-independent functions in the response to DNA-damaging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Carlsen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Kobayashi T, Makino T, Yamashita K, Saito T, Tanaka K, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, Morii E, Eguchi H, Doki Y. APR-246 induces apoptosis and enhances chemo-sensitivity via activation of ROS and TAp73-Noxa signal in oesophageal squamous cell cancer with TP53 missense mutation. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1523-1532. [PMID: 34599296 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in p53, identified in 90% of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), are associated with unfavourable prognosis and chemo-resistance. APR-246 induces apoptosis by restoring transcriptional ability of mutant p53, and may be a promising therapeutic agent to overcome chemo-resistance in ESCC. METHODS In ESCC cell lines differing in p53 status, we performed in vitro cell viability and apoptosis assays, evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and assessed signal changes by western blot after APR-246 administration with/without chemo-agent. Antitumour effects and signal changes were evaluated in in vivo experiments using xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. RESULTS APR-246 administration induced significant apoptosis by upregulating p73 and Noxa via ROS induction in ESCC cell lines harbouring p53 missense mutations. Moreover, APR-246 plus chemotherapy exerted combined antitumour effects in ESCC with p53 missense mutations. This effect was also mediated through enhanced ROS activity, leading to massive apoptosis via upregulation of p73 and Noxa. These findings were confirmed by xenograft and PDX models with p53 mutant ESCC. CONCLUSION APR-246 strongly induced apoptosis by inducing ROS activity and p73-Noxa signalling, specifically in ESCC with p53 missense mutation. This antitumour effect was further enhanced by combination with 5-FU, which we first confirmed in ESCC preclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Programmed cell death, redox imbalance, and cancer therapeutics. Apoptosis 2021; 26:385-414. [PMID: 34236569 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are disordered by nature and thus featured by higher internal redox level than healthy cells. Redox imbalance could trigger programmed cell death if exceeded a certain threshold, rendering therapeutic strategies relying on redox control a possible cancer management solution. Yet, various programmed cell death events have been consecutively discovered, complicating our understandings on their associations with redox imbalance and clinical implications especially therapeutic design. Thus, it is imperative to understand differences and similarities among programmed cell death events regarding their associations with redox imbalance for improved control over these events in malignant cells as well as appropriate design on therapeutic approaches relying on redox control. This review addresses these issues and concludes by bringing affront cold atmospheric plasma as an emerging redox controller with translational potential in clinics.
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15
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism to Induce Myeloma Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102411. [PMID: 34067602 PMCID: PMC8156203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological disease characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Over the past two decades, new therapeutic strategies have significantly improved the treatment outcome and patients survival. Nevertheless, most MM patients relapse underlying the need of new therapeutic approaches. Plasma cells are prone to produce large amounts of immunoglobulins causing the production of intracellular ROS. Although adapted to high level of ROS, MM cells die when exposed to drugs increasing ROS production either directly or by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of ROS-generating drugs for inducing MM cell death and counteracting acquired drug resistance specifically toward proteasome inhibitors.
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16
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John L, Krauth MT, Podar K, Raab MS. Pathway-Directed Therapy in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1668. [PMID: 33916289 PMCID: PMC8036678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with an unmet medical need, in particular for relapsed and refractory patients. Molecules within deregulated signaling pathways, including the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, but also the PI3K/AKT-pathway belong to the most promising evolving therapeutic targets. Rationally derived compounds hold great therapeutic promise to target tumor-specific abnormalities rather than general MM-associated vulnerabilities. This paradigm is probably best depicted by targeting mutated BRAF: while well-tolerated, remarkable responses have been achieved in selected patients by inhibition of BRAFV600E alone or in combination with MEK. Targeting of AKT has also shown promising results in a subset of patients as monotherapy or to resensitize MM-cells to conventional treatment. Approaches to target transcription factors, convergence points of signaling cascades such as p53 or c-MYC, are emerging as yet another exciting strategy for pathway-directed therapy. Informed by our increasing knowledge on the impact of signaling pathways in MM pathophysiology, rationally derived Precision-Medicine trials are ongoing. Their results are likely to once more fundamentally change treatment strategies in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas John
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- CCU Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Theresa Krauth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Klaus Podar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria;
| | - Marc-Steffen Raab
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- CCU Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Theodorakakou F, Dimopoulos MA, Kastritis E. Mutation-dependent treatment approaches for patients with complex multiple myeloma. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2021.1893605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Theodorakakou
- Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Antitumor Effects of PRIMA-1 and PRIMA-1 Met (APR246) in Hematological Malignancies: Still a Mutant P53-Dependent Affair? Cells 2021; 10:cells10010098. [PMID: 33430525 PMCID: PMC7827888 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its role in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA damage response, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell migration, autophagy, and cell metabolism, the TP53 tumor suppressor gene is a key player for cellular homeostasis. TP53 gene is mutated in more than 50% of human cancers, although its overall dysfunction may be even more frequent. TP53 mutations are detected in a lower percentage of hematological malignancies compared to solid tumors, but their frequency generally increases with disease progression, generating adverse effects such as resistance to chemotherapy. Due to the crucial role of P53 in therapy response, several molecules have been developed to re-establish the wild-type P53 function to mutant P53. PRIMA-1 and its methylated form PRIMA-1Met (also named APR246) are capable of restoring the wild-type conformation to mutant P53 and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells; however, they also possess mutant P53-independent properties. This review presents the activities of PRIMA-1 and PRIMA-1Met/APR246 and describes their potential use in hematological malignancies.
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19
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Wu CE, Pan YR, Yeh CN, Lunec J. Targeting P53 as a Future Strategy to Overcome Gemcitabine Resistance in Biliary Tract Cancers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111474. [PMID: 33113997 PMCID: PMC7690712 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the current standard treatment for biliary tract cancers (BTCs) and resistance to gemcitabine remains the clinical challenge. TP53 mutation has been shown to be associated with poor clinicopathologic characteristics and survival in patients with BTCs, indicating that p53 plays an important role in the treatment of these cancers. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed previous BTC preclinical research and early clinical trials in terms of p53, as well as novel p53-targeted treatment, alone or in combination with either chemotherapy or other targeted therapies in BTCs. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that p53 mutations in BTCs are associated with enhanced gemcitabine resistance, therefore targeting p53 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of BTCs. Directly targeting mutant p53 by p53 activators, or indirectly by targeting cell cycle checkpoint proteins (Chk1, ataxia telangiectasia related (ATR), and Wee1) leading to synthetic lethality, may be potential future strategies for gemcitabine-resistant p53 mutated BTCs. In contrast, for wild-type p53 BTCs, activation of p53 by inhibition of its negative regulators (MDM2 and wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1)) may be alternative options. Combination therapies consisting of standard cytotoxic drugs and novel small molecules targeting p53 and related signaling pathways may be the future key standard approach to beat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-En Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ru Pan
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou branch, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou branch, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-N.Y.); (J.L.); Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 3219) (C.-N.Y.); +44-(0)-191-208-4420 (J.L.); Fax: +886-3-3285818 (C.-N.Y.); +44-(0)-191-208-4301 (J.L.)
| | - John Lunec
- Newcastle University Cancer Centre, Bioscience Institute, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: (C.-N.Y.); (J.L.); Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 3219) (C.-N.Y.); +44-(0)-191-208-4420 (J.L.); Fax: +886-3-3285818 (C.-N.Y.); +44-(0)-191-208-4301 (J.L.)
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20
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p73: From the p53 shadow to a major pharmacological target in anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105245. [PMID: 33069756 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p73, along with p53 and p63, belongs to the p53 family of transcription factors. Besides the p53-like tumor suppressive activities, p73 has unique roles, namely in neuronal development and differentiation. In addition, the TP73 gene is rarely mutated in tumors. This makes p73 a highly appealing therapeutic target, particularly towards cancers with a null or disrupted p53 pathway. Distinct isoforms are transcribed from the TP73 locus either with (TAp73) and without (ΔNp73) the N-terminal transactivation domain. Conversely to TA tumor suppressors, ΔN proteins exhibit oncogenic properties by inhibiting p53 and TA protein functions. As such, p73 isoforms compose a puzzled and challenging regulatory pathway. This state-of-the-art review affords an update overview on p73 structure, biological functions and pharmacological regulation. Importantly, it addresses the relevance of p73 isoforms in carcinogenesis, highlighting their potential as drug targets in anticancer therapy. A critical discussion of major pharmacological approaches to promote p73 tumor suppressive activities, with relevant survival outcomes for cancer patients, is also provided.
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21
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Iwatate Y, Hoshino I, Yokota H, Ishige F, Itami M, Mori Y, Chiba S, Arimitsu H, Yanagibashi H, Nagase H, Takayama W. Radiogenomics for predicting p53 status, PD-L1 expression, and prognosis with machine learning in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1253-1261. [PMID: 32690867 PMCID: PMC7555500 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiogenomics is an emerging field that integrates "Radiomics" and "Genomics". In the current study, we aimed to predict the genetic information of pancreatic tumours in a simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive manner, using cancer imaging analysis and radiogenomics. We focused on p53 mutations, which are highly implicated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and PD-L1, a biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies. METHODS Overall, 107 patients diagnosed with PDAC were retrospectively examined. The relationship between p53 mutations as well as PD-L1 abnormal expression and clinicopathological factors was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Imaging features (IFs) were extracted from CT scans and were used to create prediction models of p53 and PD-L1 status. RESULTS We found that p53 and PD-L1 are significant independent prognostic factors (P = 0.008, 0.013, respectively). The area under the curve for p53 and PD-L1 predictive models was 0.795 and 0.683, respectively. Radiogenomics-predicted p53 mutations were significantly associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.015), whereas the predicted abnormal expression of PD-L1 was not significant (P = 0.096). CONCLUSIONS Radiogenomics could predict p53 mutations and in turn the prognosis of PDAC patients. Hence, prediction of genetic information using radiogenomic analysis may aid in the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Iwatate
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Isamu Hoshino
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
| | - Hajime Yokota
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ishige
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Makiko Itami
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yasukuni Mori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Hidehito Arimitsu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yanagibashi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitonacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Wataru Takayama
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
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22
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Lieschke E, Wang Z, Kelly GL, Strasser A. Discussion of some 'knowns' and some 'unknowns' about the tumour suppressor p53. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:212-223. [PMID: 30496435 PMCID: PMC6478126 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the tumour suppressor p53 upon cellular stress can induce a number of different cellular processes. The diverse actions of these processes are critical for the protective function of p53 in preventing the development of cancer. However, it is still not fully understood which process(es) activated by p53 is/are critical for tumour suppression and how this might differ depending on the type of cells undergoing neoplastic transformation and the nature of the drivers of oncogenesis. Moreover, it is not clear why upon activation of p53 some cells undergo cell cycle arrest and senescence whereas others die by apoptosis. Here we discuss some of the cellular processes that are crucial for p53-mediated tumour suppression and the factors that could impact cell fate upon p53 activation. Finally, we describe therapies aimed either at activating wild-type p53 or at changing the behaviour of mutant p53 to unleash tumour growth suppressive processes for therapeutic benefit in malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lieschke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zilu Wang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Brown RAM, Richardson KL, Kabir TD, Trinder D, Ganss R, Leedman PJ. Altered Iron Metabolism and Impact in Cancer Biology, Metastasis, and Immunology. Front Oncol 2020; 10:476. [PMID: 32328462 PMCID: PMC7160331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient that plays a complex role in cancer biology. Iron metabolism must be tightly controlled within cells. Whilst fundamental to many cellular processes and required for cell survival, excess labile iron is toxic to cells. Increased iron metabolism is associated with malignant transformation, cancer progression, drug resistance and immune evasion. Depleting intracellular iron stores, either with the use of iron chelating agents or mimicking endogenous regulation mechanisms, such as microRNAs, present attractive therapeutic opportunities, some of which are currently under clinical investigation. Alternatively, iron overload can result in a form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis, which can be activated in cancer cells presenting an alternative anti-cancer strategy. This review focuses on alterations in iron metabolism that enable cancer cells to meet metabolic demands required during different stages of tumorigenesis in relation to metastasis and immune response. The strength of current evidence is considered, gaps in knowledge are highlighted and controversies relating to the role of iron and therapeutic targeting potential are discussed. The key question we address within this review is whether iron modulation represents a useful approach for treating metastatic disease and whether it could be employed in combination with existing targeted drugs and immune-based therapies to enhance their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki A. M. Brown
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kirsty L. Richardson
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tasnuva D. Kabir
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter J. Leedman
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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24
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PRIMA-1 MET cytotoxic effect correlates with p53 protein reduction in TP53-mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2019; 89:106288. [PMID: 31924585 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TP53 gene defects represent the most unfavorable prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although recently introduced small-molecule B-cell receptor signalling inhibitors have revolutionized CLL treatment, data for ibrutinib still point to impaired prognosis for TP53-affected patients. Among cancer-associated TP53 mutations, missense substitutions predominate and typically result in a high mutated-p53 protein level. Therefore, rescuing the p53 tumor suppressor function through specific small molecules restoring p53 wild-type (wt) conformation represents an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer patients with TP53 missense mutations. We tested the effect of mutated-p53 reactivating molecule PRIMA-1MET in 62 clinical CLL samples characterized for TP53 mutations and p53 protein level. At the subtle PRIMA-1MET concentrations (1-4 μM), most samples manifested concentration-dependent viability decrease and, conversely, apoptosis induction, with the response being similar in both the TP53-mutated and TP53-wt groups, as well as in the TP53-mutated samples with p53 protein stabilization and without it. PRIMA-1MET was able to reduce mutated p53 protein in a proportion of TP53-mutated CLL samples, and this reduction correlated with a significantly stronger viability decrease and apoptosis induction than samples with stable p53 levels. CLL cells are mostly sensitive to PRIMA-1MET apart from those with stable mutated p53.
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25
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Tang Q, Su Z, Gu W, Rustgi AK. Mutant p53 on the Path to Metastasis. Trends Cancer 2019; 6:62-73. [PMID: 31952783 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis contributes to the vast majority of cancer-related mortality. Regulatory mechanisms of the multistep invasion-metastasis cascade are being unraveled. TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene across human cancers. Accumulating evidence has shown that mutations of TP53 not only lead to loss of function or dominant negative effects, but also promotes a gain of function. Specifically, gain of function mutant p53 promotes cancer cell motility, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we summarize the mechanisms and functions of mutant p53 that foster metastasis in different types of cancers. We also discuss the prognostic value of mutant p53 and current status of therapeutic strategies targeting mutant p53. Future studies will shed light on discovering novel mechanisms of mutant p53-driven cancer metastasis and developing innovative therapeutics to improve clinical outcomes in patients harboring p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaosi Tang
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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26
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Bonelli P, Borrelli A, Tuccillo FM, Silvestro L, Palaia R, Buonaguro FM. Precision medicine in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:804-829. [PMID: 31662821 PMCID: PMC6815928 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i10.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex disease linked to a series of environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle habits, and especially to genetic alterations. GC represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its onset is subtle, and the majority of patients are diagnosed once the cancer is already advanced. In recent years, there have been innovations in the management of advanced GC including the introduction of new classifications based on its molecular characteristics. Thanks to new technologies such as next-generation sequencing and microarray, the Cancer Genome Atlas and Asian Cancer Research Group classifications have also paved the way for precision medicine in GC, making it possible to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Among the objectives of the subdivision of GC into subtypes is to select patients in whom molecular targeted drugs can achieve the best results; many lines of research have been initiated to this end. After phase III clinical trials, trastuzumab, anti-Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (commonly known as ERBB2) and ramucirumab, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (commonly known as VEGFR2) monoclonal antibodies, were approved and introduced into first- and second-line therapies for patients with advanced/metastatic GC. However, the heterogeneity of this neoplasia makes the practical application of such approaches difficult. Unfortunately, scientific progress has not been matched by progress in clinical practice in terms of significant improvements in prognosis. Survival continues to be low in contrast to the reduction in deaths from many common cancers such as colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. Although several target molecules have been identified on which targeted drugs can act and novel products have been introduced into experimental therapeutic protocols, the overall approach to treating advanced stage GC has not substantially changed. Currently, surgical resection with adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most effective treatments for this disease. Future research should not underestimate the heterogeneity of GC when developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies aimed toward improving patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonelli
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Antonella Borrelli
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Franca Maria Tuccillo
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Silvestro
- Abdominal Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palaia
- Gastro-pancreatic Surgery Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Franco Maria Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
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27
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Akiyama A, Minaguchi T, Fujieda K, Hosokawa Y, Nishida K, Shikama A, Tasaka N, Sakurai M, Ochi H, Satoh T. Abnormal accumulation of p53 predicts radioresistance leading to poor survival in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5952-5958. [PMID: 31788069 PMCID: PMC6865064 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II endometrial carcinoma mainly originates from p53 aberration. However, the detailed prognostic significance of p53 aberration in endometrial carcinoma remains to be clarified. In the present study, abnormal p53 accumulation was analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques in endometrial carcinoma samples derived from 221 consecutive patients. The expression levels of p53 were associated with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. P53 overexpression was observed in 37/221 patients (17%), and was associated with non-endometrioid histology, post-menopause and advanced tumor stage (III/IV; P=0.0006, P=0.03 and P=0.025, respectively). Survival analysis indicated that patients with p53-overexpressing tumors exhibited poor overall survival (OS) compared with patients without p53 overexpression (P<0.000001). Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that the parameters p53 overexpression, age ≥70, non-endometrioid histology and advanced stage were significant and independent prognostic factors for poor OS (P=0.00012, P=0.00048, P=0.0027 and P=0.0015, respectively). Additionally, adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with increased OS in patients without p53 overexpression. This finding was not observed for patients with adjuvant chemotherapy. In contrast to patients without p53 overexpression, patients with p53 overexpression exhibited no association with OS (P=0.02 vs. P=0.40). Notably, adjuvant radiotherapy was identified to be a significant prognostic factor for favorable OS in the subset of patients that did not exhibit p53 overexpression and received post-operative treatment (P=0.026). The findings suggested that abnormal p53 accumulation may influence patient survival via unfavorable biological tumor properties, including rapid progression and radioresistance. The present study offered valuable insights for the genome-directed management of endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Akiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takeo Minaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujieda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hosokawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shikama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Tasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakurai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ochi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toyomi Satoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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28
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Maslah N, Salomao N, Drevon L, Verger E, Partouche N, Ly P, Aubin P, Naoui N, Schlageter MH, Bally C, Miekoutima E, Rahmé R, Lehmann-Che J, Ades L, Fenaux P, Cassinat B, Giraudier S. Synergistic effects of PRIMA-1 Met (APR-246) and 5-azacitidine in TP53-mutated myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 105:1539-1551. [PMID: 31488557 PMCID: PMC7271596 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.218453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia with TP53 mutations are characterized by frequent relapses, poor or short responses, and poor survival with the currently available therapies including chemotherapy and 5-azacitidine (AZA). PRIMA-1Met(APR-246,APR) is a methylated derivative of PRIMA-1, which induces apoptosis in human tumor cells through restoration of the transcriptional transactivation function of mutant p53. Here we show that low doses of APR on its own or in combination with AZA reactivate the p53 pathway and induce an apoptosis program. Functionally, we demonstrate that APR exerts these activities on its own and that it synergizes with AZA in TP53-mutated myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and in TP53-mutated primary cells from MDS/AML patients. Low doses of APR on its own or in combination with AZA also show significant efficacy in vivo Lastly, using transcriptomic analysis, we found that the APR + AZA synergy was mediated by downregulation of the FLT3 pathway in drug-treated cells. Activation of the FLT3 pathway by FLT3 ligand reversed the inhibition of cell proliferation by APR + AZA. These data suggest that TP53-mutated MDS/AML may be better targeted by the addition of APR-246 to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabih Maslah
- APHP, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris.,Faculté de Médecine Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Paris.,INSERM UMR-S 1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | | | | | - Emmanuelle Verger
- APHP, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris.,INSERM UMR-S 1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Nicolas Partouche
- Faculté de Médecine Paris 12-UPEC, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Créteil
| | - Pierre Ly
- APHP, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Philippe Aubin
- APHP, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Nadia Naoui
- APHP, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Marie-Helene Schlageter
- APHP, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris.,INSERM UMR-S 1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Cecile Bally
- APHP, Service d'Hématologie Senior, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Elsa Miekoutima
- APHP, Service d'Hématologie Senior, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Ramy Rahmé
- APHP, Service d'Hématologie Senior, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Jacqueline Lehmann-Che
- Faculté de Médecine Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Paris.,Unité d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Ades
- Faculté de Médecine Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Paris.,INSERM UMR-S 1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris.,APHP, Service d'Hématologie Senior, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Faculté de Médecine Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Paris.,INSERM UMR-S 1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris.,APHP, Service d'Hématologie Senior, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Bruno Cassinat
- APHP, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris.,INSERM UMR-S 1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
| | - Stephane Giraudier
- Faculté de Médecine Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Paris .,INSERM UMR-S 1131, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
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29
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Vassilakopoulos TP, Chatzidimitriou C, Asimakopoulos JV, Arapaki M, Tzoras E, Angelopoulou MK, Konstantopoulos K. Immunotherapy in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Present Status and Future Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMID: 31362369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is usually curable, 20-30% of the patients experience treatment failure and most of them are typically treated with salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT). However, 45-55% of that subset further relapse or progress despite intensive treatment. At the advanced stage of the disease course, recently developed immunotherapeutic approaches have provided very promising results with prolonged remissions or disease stabilization in many patients. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) has been approved for patients with relapsed/refractory cHL (rr-cHL) who have failed autoSCT, as a consolidation after autoSCT in high-risk patients, as well as for patients who are ineligible for autoSCT or multiagent chemotherapy who have failed ≥ two treatment lines. However, except of the consolidation setting, 90-95% of the patients will progress and require further treatment. In this clinical setting, immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have produced impressive results. Both nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for rr-cHL after autoSCT and BV failure, while pembrolizumab has also been licensed for transplant ineligible patients after BV failure. Other CPIs, sintilimab and tislelizumab, have been successfully tested in China, albeit in less heavily pretreated populations. Recent data suggest that the efficacy of CPIs may be augmented by hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine. As a result of their success in heavily pretreated disease, BV and CPIs are moving to earlier lines of treatment. BV was recently licensed by the FDA for the first-line treatment of stage III/IV Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in combination with AVD (only stage IV according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA)). CPIs are currently being evaluated in combination with AVD in phase II trials of first-line treatment. The impact of BV and CPIs was also investigated in the setting of second-line salvage therapy. Finally, combinations of targeted therapies are under evaluation. Based on these exciting results, it appears reasonable to predict that an improvement in survival and a potential increase in the cure rates of cHL will soon become evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros P Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Chrysovalantou Chatzidimitriou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - John V Asimakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Arapaki
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Tzoras
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria K Angelopoulou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Konstantopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Hoshino I, Takahashi M, Akutsu Y, Murakami K, Matsumoto Y, Suito H, Sekino N, Komatsu A, Iida K, Suzuki T, Inoue I, Ishige F, Iwatate Y, Matsubara H. Genome-wide ChIP-seq data with a transcriptome analysis reveals the groups of genes regulated by histone demethylase LSD1 inhibition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:872-881. [PMID: 31289565 PMCID: PMC6539443 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of genes is controlled by histone modification, histone acetylation and methylation, but abnormalities of these modifications have been observed in carcinogenesis and cancer development. The effect of the lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor, a demethylating enzyme of histones, is thought to be caused by controlling the expression of genes. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the efficacies of the LSD1 inhibitor on the gene expression of esophageal cancer cell lines using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-Seq. A comprehensive analysis of gene expression changes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines induced by the LSD1 inhibitor NCL1 was clarified via analysis using microarray. In addition, ChIP-seq analysis was conducted using a SimpleChIP plus Enzymatic Chromatin IP kit. NCL1 strongly suppressed the proliferation of T.Tn and TE2 cells, which are ESCC cell lines, and further induced apoptosis. According to the combinatory analysis of ChIP-seq and microarray, 17 genes were upregulated, and 16 genes were downregulated in both cell lines. The comprehensive gene expression study performed in the present study is considered to be useful for analyzing the mechanism of the antitumor effect of the LSD1 inhibitor in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Hoshino
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takahashi
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasunori Akutsu
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasunori Matsumoto
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suito
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Sekino
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Aki Komatsu
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Keiko Iida
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kyoto 403-8334, Japan
| | - Itsuro Inoue
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ishige
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yosuke Iwatate
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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31
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Fiorentini C, Grisanti S, Cosentini D, Abate A, Rossini E, Berruti A, Sigala S. Molecular Drivers of Potential Immunotherapy Failure in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6072863. [PMID: 31057613 PMCID: PMC6463568 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6072863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, highly aggressive cancer, often insensitive to conventional chemotherapeutics agents. Early diagnosis, followed by radical surgical resection plus/minus adjuvant mitotane therapy, is nowadays the only valuable option. Unfortunately, one out of four patients has metastatic disease at diagnosis and most of radically resected ACC patients are destined to recur with local or metastatic disease. Numerous efforts aimed at identifying molecular alterations crucial for ACC pathogenesis have been extensively conducted, with the hope to develop new treatments. Indeed, multiple genes and pathways have been identified as potentially targetable in ACC patients; however, despite the strong preclinical rationale, translational findings to clinical trials led to date to disappointing results. The immunotherapeutic intervention targeting T-cell checkpoint molecules has been proposed as well, but results obtained in early studies indicate that ACC patients would be unlikely to benefit from immunotherapy. Genetic alterations of different pathways involved in ACC carcinogenesis are also known substrates of resistance to immunotherapy. Among them, β-catenin gene CTNNB1 and TP53 gene are frequently mutated in ACC samples. Overactivation of the β-catenin pathway and loss of p53 protein function are potential tumor-intrinsic factors that, impacting on the ability of ACC cells to recruit dendritic cells, leading to T-cell exclusion, put this tumor among those that are potentially resistant to immunotherapy. Moreover, the steroid phenotype, which implies glucocorticoids hypersecretion in a subset of ACC, contributes to generating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review clinical results of immunotherapy in ACC and we highlight molecular mechanisms driving immunotherapy failure in ACC, suggesting possible approaches to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fiorentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rossini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, Italy
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Mlakar V, Jurkovic Mlakar S, Lesne L, Marino D, Rathi KS, Maris JM, Ansari M, Gumy-Pause F. PRIMA-1 MET-induced neuroblastoma cell death is modulated by p53 and mycn through glutathione level. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:69. [PMID: 30755224 PMCID: PMC6373164 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. This cancer has a low frequency of TP53 mutations and its downstream pathway is usually intact. This study assessed the efficacy of the p53 activator, PRIMA-1MET, in inducing neuroblastoma cell death. Methods CellTiter 2.0 was used to study susceptibility and specificity of NB cell lines to PRIMA-1MET. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to assess the most common p53 transactivation targets. Induction of p53 and Noxa, and inhibition of Cas3/7, were used to assess impact on cell death after PRIMA-1MET treatment. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle phase and induction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. Results Neuroblastoma cell lines were at least four times more susceptible to PRIMA-1MET than were primary fibroblasts and keratinocyte cell lines. PRIMA-1MET induced cell death rapidly and in all cell cycle phases. Although PRIMA-1MET activated p53 transactivation activity, p53’s role is likely limited because its main targets remained unaffected, whereas pan-caspase inhibitor demonstrated no ability to prevent cell death. PRIMA-1MET induced oxidative stress and modulated the methionine/cysteine/glutathione axis. Variations of MYCN and p53 modulated intracellular levels of GSH and resulted in increased/decreased sensitivity of PRIMA-1MET. PRIMA-1MET inhibited thioredoxin reductase, but the effect of PRIMA-1MET was not altered by thioredoxin inhibition. Conclusions PRIMA-1MET could be a promising new agent to treat neuroblastoma because it demonstrated good anti-tumor action. Although p53 is involved in PRIMA-1MET-mediated cell death, our results suggest that direct interaction with p53 has a limited role in neuroblastoma but rather acts through modulation of GSH levels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1066-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Mlakar
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simona Jurkovic Mlakar
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Lesne
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denis Marino
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Komal S Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc Ansari
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Onco-Hematology Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Onco-Hematology Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Jovanović KK, Escure G, Demonchy J, Willaume A, Van de Wyngaert Z, Farhat M, Chauvet P, Facon T, Quesnel B, Manier S. Deregulation and Targeting of TP53 Pathway in Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2019; 8:665. [PMID: 30687640 PMCID: PMC6333636 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease characterized by a clonal evolution across the course of the diseases and multiple lines of treatment. Among genomic drivers of the disease, alterations of the tumor suppressor TP53 are associated with poor outcomes. In physiological situation, once activated by oncogenic stress or DNA damage, p53 induces either cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis depending on the cellular context. Its inactivation participates to drug resistance in MM. The frequency of TP53 alterations increases along with the progression of the disease, from 5 at diagnosis to 75% at late relapses. Multiple mechanisms of regulation lead to decreased expression of p53, such as deletion 17p, TP53 mutations, specific microRNAs overexpression, TP53 promoter methylations, and MDM2 overexpression. Several therapeutic approaches aim to target the p53 pathway, either by blocking its interaction with MDM2 or by restoring the function of the altered protein. In this review, we describe the mechanism of deregulation of TP53 in MM, its role in MM progression, and the therapeutic options to interact with the TP53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Escure
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jordane Demonchy
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Meryem Farhat
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paul Chauvet
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Facon
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- IRCL, INSERM UMR-S1172, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Salomon Manier
- IRCL, INSERM UMR-S1172, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Babikir HA, Afjei R, Paulmurugan R, Massoud TF. Restoring guardianship of the genome: Anticancer drug strategies to reverse oncogenic mutant p53 misfolding. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 71:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gain-of-Function (GOF) Mutant p53 as Actionable Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060188. [PMID: 29875343 PMCID: PMC6025530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 missense mutant alleles are present in nearly 40% of all human tumors. Such mutated alleles generate aberrant proteins that not only lose their tumor-suppressive functions but also frequently act as driver oncogenes, which promote malignant progression, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance, leading to reduced survival in patients and mice. Notably, these oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) missense mutant p53 proteins (mutp53) are constitutively and tumor-specific stabilised. This stabilisation is one key pre-requisite for their GOF and is largely due to mutp53 protection from the E3 ubiquitin ligases Mdm2 and CHIP by the HSP90/HDAC6 chaperone machinery. Recent mouse models provide convincing evidence that tumors with highly stabilized GOF mutp53 proteins depend on them for growth, maintenance, and metastasis, thus creating exploitable tumor-specific vulnerabilities that markedly increase lifespan if intercepted. This identifies mutp53 as a promising cancer-specific drug target. This review discusses direct mutp53 protein-targeting drug strategies that are currently being developed at various preclinical levels.
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36
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Alimbetov D, Askarova S, Umbayev B, Davis T, Kipling D. Pharmacological Targeting of Cell Cycle, Apoptotic and Cell Adhesion Signaling Pathways Implicated in Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061690. [PMID: 29882812 PMCID: PMC6032165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs target a physiological differentiating feature of cancer cells as they tend to actively proliferate more than normal cells. They have well-known side-effects resulting from the death of highly proliferative normal cells in the gut and immune system. Cancer treatment has changed dramatically over the years owing to rapid advances in oncology research. Developments in cancer therapies, namely surgery, radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy and selective treatment methods due to better understanding of tumor characteristics, have significantly increased cancer survival. However, many chemotherapeutic regimes still fail, with 90% of the drug failures in metastatic cancer treatment due to chemoresistance, as cancer cells eventually develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemoresistance is caused through genetic mutations in various proteins involved in cellular mechanisms such as cell cycle, apoptosis and cell adhesion, and targeting those mechanisms could improve outcomes of cancer therapy. Recent developments in cancer treatment are focused on combination therapy, whereby cells are sensitized to chemotherapeutic agents using inhibitors of target pathways inducing chemoresistance thus, hopefully, overcoming the problems of drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the role of cell cycle, apoptosis and cell adhesion in cancer chemoresistance mechanisms, possible drugs to target these pathways and, thus, novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dauren Alimbetov
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Terence Davis
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - David Kipling
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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p53-Autophagy-Metastasis Link. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050148. [PMID: 29783720 PMCID: PMC5977121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 as the “guardian of the genome” plays an essential role in numerous signaling pathways that control the cell cycle, cell death and in maintaining the integrity of the human genome. p53, depending on the intracellular localization, contributes to the regulation of various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis. Accumulated evidence suggests that this function of p53 is closely involved in the process of cancer development. Here, present knowledge concerning a p53-autophagy-metastasis link, as well as therapeutic approaches that influence this link, are discussed.
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38
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Correction: PRIMA-1Met/APR-246 Displays High Antitumor Activity in Multiple Myeloma by Induction of p73 and Noxa. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1143. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Duffy MJ, Synnott NC, Crown J. Mutant p53 in breast cancer: potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 170:213-219. [PMID: 29564741 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to discuss mutant p53 as a possible therapeutic target and biomarker for breast cancer. RESULTS TP53 (p53) is the most frequently mutated gene in invasive breast cancer. Although mutated in 30-35% of all cases, p53 is mutated in approximately 80% of triple-negative (TN) tumors (i.e., tumors negative for ER, PR, and HER2). Because of this high prevalence, mutated p53 is both a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with breast cancer, especially for those with the TN subtype. Although several retrospective studies have investigated a potential prognostic and therapy predictive role for mutant p53 in breast cancer, the results to date are mixed. Thus, at present, mutant p53 cannot be recommended as a prognostic or therapy predictive biomarker in breast cancer. In contrast to the multiple reports on a potential biomarker role, few studies had until recently, investigated mutant p53 as a potential target for breast cancer treatment. In the last decade, however, several compounds have become available which can reactivate mutant p53 protein and convert it to a conformation with wild-type properties. Some of these compounds, especially PRIMA-1, APR-246 PK11007, and COTI-2, have been found to exhibit anticancer activity in preclinical models of breast cancer. CONCLUSION Since p53 is mutated in the vast majority of TN breast cancers, compounds such as APR-246, PK11007, and COTI-2 are potential treatments for patients with this subform of the disease. Further research is necessary to identify a potential biomarker role for mutant p53 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Duffy
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Naoise C Synnott
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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40
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Teoh PJ, Bi C, Sintosebastian C, Tay LS, Fonseca R, Chng WJ. PRIMA-1 targets the vulnerability of multiple myeloma of deregulated protein homeostasis through the perturbation of ER stress via p73 demethylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61806-61819. [PMID: 27533450 PMCID: PMC5308692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advancement, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable with drug resistance being one of the main challenges in the clinic. Myeloma cells possess high protein secretory load, leading to increased intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Hence, they are vulnerable to further perturbation to its protein homeostasis. In studying the therapeutic mechanism of PRIMA-1 (mutant-p53-reactivating-agent), we uncovered its novel p53-independent-mechanism that can be exploited for myeloma. Despite its inability in restoring the wild type-p53 protein conformation and transcriptional function in the mutant-p53-human-myeloma-cells, PRIMA-1 was efficacious against myeloma cells with differential p53 genotypes. Strikingly, cells without p53 expression demonstrated highest drug sensitivity. Genome-wide gene-expression analysis revealed the involvement of ER stress/UPR-pathway in inducing PRIMA-1-toxicity. UPR markers, HSP70, CHOP and GADD34, were significantly up-regulated, concomitantly with the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, there was a global attenuation of protein synthesis, correlated with phospho-eIF2a up-regulation. Mechanistically, we identified that PRIMA-1 could cause the demethylation of TP73, through DNMT1 depletion, to subsequently enhance UPR. Of clinical significance, we observed that PRIMA-1 had additive therapeutic effects with another UPR-inducing-agent, bortezomib. Importantly, it can partially re-sensitize bortezomib-resistant cells to bortezomib. Given that MM is already stressed at the baseline in the ER, our results implicated that PRIMA-1 is a potential therapeutic option in MM by targeting its Achilles heel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaik Ju Teoh
- Cancer Science Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Chonglei Bi
- Cancer Science Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Liang Seah Tay
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
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41
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Lu T, Zou Y, Xu G, Potter JA, Taylor GL, Duan Q, Yang Q, Xiong H, Qiu H, Ye D, Zhang P, Yu S, Yuan X, Zhu F, Wang Y, Xiong H. PRIMA-1Met suppresses colorectal cancer independent of p53 by targeting MEK. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83017-83030. [PMID: 27806324 PMCID: PMC5347749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PRIMA-1Met is the methylated PRIMA-1 (p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis) and could restore tumor suppressor function of mutant p53 and induce p53 dependent apoptosis in cancer cells harboring mutant p53. However, p53 independent activity of PRIMA-1Met remains elusive. Here we reported that PRIMA-1Met attenuated colorectal cancer cell growth irrespective of p53 status. Kinase profiling revealed that mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-related protein kinase (MEK) might be a potential target of PRIMA-1Met. Pull-down binding and ATP competitive assay showed that PRIMA-1Met directly bound MEK in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, the direct binding sites of PRIMA-1Met were explored by using a computational docking model. Treatment of colorectal cancer cells with PRIMA-1Met inhibited p53-independent phosphorylation of MEK, which in turn impaired anchorage-independent cell growth in vitro. Moreover, PRIMA-1Met suppressed colorectal cancer growth in xenograft mouse model by inhibiting MEK1 activity. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel p53-independent activity of PRIMA-1Met to inhibit MEK and suppress colorectal cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanmei Zou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guogang Xu
- Nanlou Respiratory Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Jane A Potter
- BioMedical Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Garry L Taylor
- BioMedical Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dawei Ye
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shiying Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Blandino G, Di Agostino S. New therapeutic strategies to treat human cancers expressing mutant p53 proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:30. [PMID: 29448954 PMCID: PMC5815234 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 plays a critical role to preserve DNA fidelity from diverse insults through the regulation of cell-cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis. The TP53 is the most frequently inactivated gene in human cancers. This leads to the production of mutant p53 proteins that loose wild-type p53 tumor suppression functions and concomitantly acquire new oncogenic properties among which deregulated cell proliferation, increased chemoresistance, disruption of tissue architecture, promotion of migration, invasion and metastasis and several other pro-oncogenic activities. Mouse models show that the genetic reconstitution of the wild type p53 tumor suppression functions rescues tumor growth. This strongly supports the notion that either restoring wt-p53 activity or inhibiting mutant p53 oncogenic activity could provide an efficient strategy to treat human cancers. In this review we briefly summarize recent advances in the study of small molecules and compounds that subvert oncogenic activities of mutant p53 protein into wt-p53 tumor suppressor functions. We highlight inhibitors of signaling pathways aberrantly modulated by oncogenic mutant p53 proteins as promising therapeutic strategies. Finally, we consider the clinical applications of compounds targeting mutant p53 and the use of currently available drugs in the treatment of tumors expressing mutant p53 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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43
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Patyka M, Sharifi Z, Petrecca K, Mansure J, Jean-Claude B, Sabri S. Sensitivity to PRIMA-1MET is associated with decreased MGMT in human glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma stem cells irrespective of p53 status. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60245-60269. [PMID: 27533246 PMCID: PMC5312382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene occur in ~30% of primary glioblastoma (GBM) with a high frequency of missense mutations associated with the acquisition of oncogenic “gain-of-function” (GOF) mutant (mut)p53 activities. PRIMA-1MET/APR-246, emerged as a promising compound to rescue wild-type (wt)p53 function in different cancer types. Previous studies suggested the role of wtp53 in the negative regulation of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a major determinant in resistance to therapy in GBM treatment. The potential role of MGMT in expression of p53 and the efficacy of PRIMA-1MET with respect to TP53 status and expression of MGMT in GBM remain unknown. We investigated response to PRIMA-1MET of wtp53/MGMT-negative (U87MG, A172), mutp53/MGMT-positive U138, LN-18, T98/Empty vector (T98/EV) and its isogenic MGMT/shRNA gene knockdown counterpart (T98/shRNA). We show that MGMT silencing decreased expression of mutp53/GOF in T98/shRNA. PRIMA-1MET further cleared T98/shRNA cells of mutp53, decreased proliferation and clonogenic potential, abrogated the G2 checkpoint control, increased susceptibility to apoptotic cell death, expression of GADD45A and sustained expression of phosphorylated Erk1/2. PRIMA-1MET increased expression of p21 protein in U87MG and A172 and promoted senescence in U87MG cell line. Importantly, PRIMA-1MET decreased relative cell numbers, disrupted the structure of neurospheres of patient-derived GBM stem cells (GSCs) and enabled activation of wtp53 with decreased expression of MGMT in MGMT-positive GSCs or decreased expression of mutp53. Our findings highlight the cell-context dependent effects of PRIMA-1MET irrespective of p53 status and suggest the role of MGMT as a potential molecular target of PRIMA-1MET in MGMT-positive GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Patyka
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zeinab Sharifi
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, The Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jose Mansure
- Department of Urologic Oncology Research, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Jean-Claude
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siham Sabri
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Chen Y, Zhao J, Li D, Hao J, He P, Wang H, Zhang M. TRIM56 Suppresses Multiple Myeloma Progression by Activating TLR3/TRIF Signaling. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:43-50. [PMID: 29214775 PMCID: PMC5725363 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tripartite-motif-containing protein 56 (TRIM56) has been found to exhibit a broad antiviral activity, depending upon E3 ligase activity. Here, we attempted to evaluate the function of TRIM56 in multiple myeloma (MM) and its underlying molecular basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS TRIM56 expression at the mRNA and protein level was measured by qRT PCR and western blot analysis. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry analysis was performed to investigate the effect of TRIM56 on MM cell proliferation and apoptosis. The concentrations of interferon (IFN)-β, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in MM cell culture supernatants were detected with respective commercial ELISA kits. Western blot was employed to determine the effect of TRIM56 on toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)/toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) signaling pathway. RESULTS TRIM56 expression was prominently decreased in MM cells. Poly (dA:dT)-induced TRIM56 overexpression in U266 cells suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis, and enhanced inflammatory cytokine production, while TRIM56 knockdown improved growth, diminished apoptosis, and inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion in RPMI8226 cells. Moreover, TRIM56 knockdown blocked TLR3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, poly (I:C), a TLR3 agonist, markedly abolished TRIM56 depletion-induced increase of proliferation, decrease of apoptosis, and reduction of inflammatory factor in MM cells. CONCLUSION TRIM56 may act as a tumor suppressor in MM through activation of TLR3/TRIF signaling pathway, contributing to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of TRIM56 involvement in MM pathogenesis and providing a promising therapy strategy for patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dengzhe Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jinxia Hao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Furukawa H, Makino T, Yamasaki M, Tanaka K, Miyazaki Y, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Nakajima K, Takiguchi S, Mori M, Doki Y. PRIMA-1 induces p53-mediated apoptosis by upregulating Noxa in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with TP53 missense mutation. Cancer Sci 2017; 109:412-421. [PMID: 29168598 PMCID: PMC5797815 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 is associated with the resistance of cytotoxic treatment and patient prognosis, and the mutation rate of TP53 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is extraordinarily high, at over 90%. PRIMA‐1 (p53 re‐activation and induction of massive apoptosis) has recently been reported to restore the function of mutant TP53; however, its antitumor effect and mechanism in ESCC remain unclear. After evaluating the TP53 mutation status of a panel of 11 ESCC cell lines by Sanger sequencing, we assessed the in vitro effect of PRIMA‐1 administration on cells with different TP53 status by conducting cell viability and apoptosis assays. The expression levels of proteins in p53‐related pathways were examined by Western blotting, while knockdown studies were conducted to investigate the mechanism underlying PRIMA‐1's function. An ESCC xenograft model was further used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PRIMA‐1 in vivo. PRIMA‐1 markedly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis by upregulating Noxa expression in ESCC cell lines with TP53 missense mutations, whereas no apoptosis was induced in ESCC with wild‐type TP53 and TP53 with frameshift and nonsense mutations. Importantly, the knockdown of Noxa canceled the apoptosis induced by PRIMA treatment in ESCC cell lines with TP53 missense mutations. PRIMA‐1 administration, compared with placebo, showed a significant antitumor effect by inducing Noxa in the xenograft model of an ESCC cell line with a TP53 missense mutation. PRIMA‐1 exhibits a significant antitumor effect, inducing massive apoptosis through the upregulation of Noxa in ESCC with TP53 missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
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Gillardin PS, Descamps G, Maiga S, Tessoulin B, Djamai H, Lucani B, Chiron D, Moreau P, Le Gouill S, Amiot M, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Moreau-Aubry A. Decitabine and Melphalan Fail to Reactivate p73 in p53 Deficient Myeloma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010040. [PMID: 29295500 PMCID: PMC5795990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: TP53 deficiency remains a major adverse event in Multiple Myeloma (MM) despite therapeutic progresses. As it is not possible to target TP53 deficiency with pharmacological agents, we explored the possibility of activating another p53 family member, p73, which has not been well studied in myeloma. (2) Methods: Using human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) with normal or abnormal TP53 status, we assessed TP73 methylation and expression. (3) Results: Using microarray data, we reported that TP73 is weakly expressed in 47 HMCLs and mostly in TP53 wild type (TP53wt) HMCLs (p = 0.0029). Q-RT-PCR assays showed that TP73 was expressed in 57% of TP53wt HMCLs (4 out of 7) and 11% of TP53 abnormal (TP53abn) HMCLs (2 out of 18) (p = 0.0463). We showed that TP73 is silenced by methylation in TP53abn HMCLs and that decitabine increased its expression, which, however, remained insufficient for significant protein expression. Alkylating drugs increased expression of TP73 only in TP53wt HMCLs but failed to synergize with decitabine in TP53abn HMCLs. (4) Conclusions: Decitabine and melphalan does not appear as a promising combination for inducing p73 and bypassing p53 deficiency in myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Géraldine Descamps
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Sophie Maiga
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Benoit Tessoulin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Hanane Djamai
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Benedetta Lucani
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - David Chiron
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Philippe Moreau
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU, 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Steven Le Gouill
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU, 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Martine Amiot
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Agnès Moreau-Aubry
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
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Perdrix A, Najem A, Saussez S, Awada A, Journe F, Ghanem G, Krayem M. PRIMA-1 and PRIMA-1 Met (APR-246): From Mutant/Wild Type p53 Reactivation to Unexpected Mechanisms Underlying Their Potent Anti-Tumor Effect in Combinatorial Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120172. [PMID: 29258181 PMCID: PMC5742820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 protects cells from genetic assaults by triggering cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Inactivation of p53 pathway is found in the vast majority of human cancers often due to somatic missense mutations in TP53 or to an excessive degradation of the protein. Accordingly, reactivation of p53 appears as a quite promising pharmacological approach and, effectively, several attempts have been made in that sense. The most widely investigated compounds for this purpose are PRIMA-1 (p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis )and PRIMA-1Met (APR-246), that are at an advanced stage of development, with several clinical trials in progress. Based on publications referenced in PubMed since 2002, here we review the reported effects of these compounds on cancer cells, with a specific focus on their ability of p53 reactivation, an overview of their unexpected anti-cancer effects, and a presentation of the investigated drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Perdrix
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Biopathology, Henri Becquerel Centre, 76038 Rouen, France.
- Equipe de Recherche en Oncologie (IRON), Inserm U1245, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Ahmad Najem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sven Saussez
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Ghanem Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mohammad Krayem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Abdi J, Rastgoo N, Li L, Chen W, Chang H. Role of tumor suppressor p53 and micro-RNA interplay in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:169. [PMID: 29073933 PMCID: PMC5659022 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulated wild type (wt) p53 in multiple myeloma (MM) have been subjects of intense investigation for years. Indeed, correlation of rarely occurring TP53 gene mutations or deletions with adverse clinical outcomes in MM patients is strongly established, while in majority of cases wtp53 seems to be non-functional or dysregulated bearing a high clinical impact. Interestingly, findings from recent investigations show that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to suppression of wtp53 in MM, as they are now known to function as key regulatory elements in the p53 network. This area is shedding new light on understanding the biologic effects of dysregulated p53 in MM pathogenesis especially drug resistance. miRNAs such as miR-125b (oncomiR) or miR-34a (tumor suppressor-miR) can be negative or positive regulators of wtp53 function, respectively, with specific effects on MM cell viability. On the other hand, our knowledge of miRNA interaction with mutant (mt) p53 in MM, which is rather related to disease progression and resistance to therapy, is limited which demands in-depth exploration. Here, we will put forward the current knowledge on miRNA-p53 interaction in MM and its role in MM pathogenesis including drug resistance. We will also highlight the pre-clinical approaches for therapeutic application of miRNAs targeting p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Abdi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nasrin Rastgoo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Abstract
TP53 (p53) is the single most frequently altered gene in human cancers, with mutations being present in approximately 50% of all invasive tumours. However, in some of the most difficult-to-treat cancers such as high-grade serous ovarian cancers, triple-negative breast cancers, oesophageal cancers, small-cell lung cancers and squamous cell lung cancers, p53 is mutated in at least 80% of samples. Clearly, therefore, mutant p53 protein is an important candidate target against which new anticancer treatments could be developed. Although traditionally regarded as undruggable, several compounds such as p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis-1 (PRIMA-1), a methylated derivative and structural analogue of PRIMA-1, i.e. APR-246, 2-sulfonylpyrimidines such as PK11007, pyrazoles such as PK7088, zinc metallochaperone-1 (ZMC1), a third generation thiosemicarbazone developed by Critical Outcome Techonologies Inc. (COTI-2) as well as specific peptides have recently been reported to reactive mutant p53 protein by converting it to a form exhibiting wild-type properties. Consistent with the reactivation of mutant p53, these compounds have been shown to exhibit anticancer activity in preclinical models expressing mutant p53. To date, two of these compounds, i.e. APR-246 and COTI-2 have progressed to clinical trials. A phase I/IIa clinical trial with APR-246 reported no major adverse effect. Currently, APR-246 is undergoing a phase Ib/II trial in patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer, while COTI-2 is being evaluated in a phase I trial in patients with advanced gynaecological cancers. It remains to be shown however, whether any mutant p53 reactivating compound has efficacy for the treatment of human cancer.
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50
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Mutant p53 Protein and the Hippo Transducers YAP and TAZ: A Critical Oncogenic Node in Human Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050961. [PMID: 28467351 PMCID: PMC5454874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 protein is a well-known tumor suppressor factor that regulates cellular homeostasis. As it has several and key functions exerted, p53 is known as “the guardian of the genome” and either loss of function or gain of function mutations in the TP53 coding protein sequence are involved in cancer onset and progression. The Hippo pathway is a key regulator of developmental and regenerative physiological processes but if deregulated can induce cell transformation and cancer progression. The p53 and Hippo pathways exert a plethora of fine-tuned functions that can apparently be in contrast with each other. In this review, we propose that the p53 status can affect the Hippo pathway function by switching its outputs from tumor suppressor to oncogenic activities. In detail, we discuss: (a) the oncogenic role of the protein complex mutant p53/YAP; (b) TAZ oncogenic activation mediated by mutant p53; (c) the therapeutic potential of targeting mutant p53 to impair YAP and TAZ oncogenic functions in human cancers.
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