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Yang F, Yang Y, Qiu Y, Tang L, Xie L, Guan X. Long Non-Coding RNAs as Regulators for Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Biological Properties and Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:290. [PMID: 38254782 PMCID: PMC10814583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacity, have been suggested to give rise to tumor heterogeneity and biologically aggressive behavior. Accumulating evidence has shown that BCSCs play a fundamental role in tumorigenesis, progression, and recurrence. The development of immunotherapy, primarily represented by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, has greatly changed the treatment landscape of multiple malignancies. Recent studies have identified pervasive negative associations between cancer stemness and anticancer immunity. Stemness seems to play a causative role in the formation of cold tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). The multiple functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating stemness and immune responses has been recently highlighted in breast cancer. The review focus on lncRNAs and keys pathways involved in the regulation of BCSCs and TIME. Potential clinical applications using lncRNAs as biomarkers or therapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China;
| | - Li Xie
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Q.)
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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2
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Shell DJ, Foley CA, Wang Q, Smith CM, Guduru SKR, Zeng H, Dong A, Norris-Drouin JL, Axtman M, Hardy PB, Gupta G, Halabelian L, Frye SV, James LI, Pearce KH. Discovery of a 53BP1 Small Molecule Antagonist Using a Focused DNA-Encoded Library Screen. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14133-14149. [PMID: 37782247 PMCID: PMC10630848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-lysine reader p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) is a central mediator of DNA break repair and is associated with various human diseases, including cancer. Thus, high-quality 53BP1 chemical probes can aid in further understanding the role of 53BP1 in genome repair pathways. Herein, we utilized focused DNA-encoded library screening to identify the novel hit compound UNC8531, which binds the 53BP1 tandem Tudor domain (TTD) with an IC50 of 0.47 ± 0.09 μM in a TR-FRET assay and Kd values of 0.85 ± 0.17 and 0.79 ± 0.52 μM in ITC and SPR, respectively. UNC8531 was cocrystallized with the 53BP1 TTD to guide further optimization efforts, leading to UNC9512. NanoBRET and 53BP1-dependent foci formation experiments confirmed cellular target engagement. These results show that UNC9512 is a best-in-class small molecule 53BP1 antagonist that can aid further studies investigating the role of 53BP1 in DNA repair, gene editing, and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan J Shell
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Caroline A Foley
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Chelsea M Smith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Shiva K R Guduru
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hong Zeng
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Aiping Dong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Norris-Drouin
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew Axtman
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - P Brian Hardy
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gaorav Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Levon Halabelian
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Stephen V Frye
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lindsey I James
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kenneth H Pearce
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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3
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Ma Y, Zhu Y, Shang L, Qiu Y, Shen N, Wang J, Adam T, Wei W, Song Q, Li J, Wicha MS, Luo M. LncRNA XIST regulates breast cancer stem cells by activating proinflammatory IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Oncogene 2023; 42:1419-1437. [PMID: 36922677 PMCID: PMC10154203 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of XIST, a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) initiating X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in early embryogenesis, is a common feature of breast cancer (BC). However, the roles of post-XCI XIST in breast carcinogenesis remain elusive. Here we identify XIST as a key regulator of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), which exhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase positive (ALDH+) epithelial- (E) and CD24loCD44hi mesenchymal-like (M) phenotypes. XIST is variably expressed across the spectrum of BC subtypes, and doxycycline (DOX)-inducible knockdown (KD) of XIST markedly inhibits spheroid/colony forming capacity, tumor growth and tumor-initiating potential. This phenotype is attributed to impaired E-CSC in luminal and E- and M-CSC activities in triple-negative (TN) BC. Gene expression profiling unveils that XIST KD most significantly affects cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, leading to markedly suppressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in ALDH- bulk BC cells. Exogenous IL-6, but not IL-8, rescues the reduced sphere-forming capacity and proportion of ALDH+ E-CSCs in luminal and TN BC upon XIST KD. XIST functions as a nuclear sponge for microRNA let-7a-2-3p to activate IL-6 production from ALDH- bulk BC cells, which acts in a paracrine fashion on ALDH+ E-CSCs that display elevated cell surface IL-6 receptor (IL6R) expression. This promotes CSC self-renewal via STAT3 activation and expression of key CSC factors including c-MYC, KLF4 and SOX9. Together, this study supports a novel role of XIST by derepressing let-7 controlled paracrine IL-6 proinflammatory signaling to promote CSC self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yongyou Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jonathan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tiffany Adam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Qingxuan Song
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
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Zeng M, Zhang T, Lin Y, Lin Y, Wu Z. The Common LncRNAs of Neuroinflammation-Related Diseases. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:113-131. [PMID: 36456192 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatio-temporal specific long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important regulatory roles not only in the growth and development of the brain but also in the occurrence and development of neurologic diseases. Generally, the occurrence of neurologic diseases is accompanied by neuroinflammation. Elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs on neuroinflammation is helpful for the clinical treatment of neurologic diseases. This paper focuses on recent findings on the regulatory effect of lncRNAs on neuroinflammatory diseases and selects 10 lncRNAs that have been intensively studied to analyze their mechanism action. The clinical treatment status of lncRNAs as drug targets is also reviewed. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Gene therapies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats technology, antisense RNA technology, and RNAi technology are gradually applied in clinical treatment, and the development of technology is based on a large number of basic research investigations. This paper focuses on the mechanisms of lncRNAs regulation of neuroinflammation, elucidates the beneficial or harmful effects of lncRNAs in neurosystemic diseases, and provides theoretical bases for lncRNAs as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixing Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (M.Z., Y.L., Z.W.) and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (Y.L.), Shantou, Guangdong, China, and The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China(T.Z.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (M.Z., Y.L., Z.W.) and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (Y.L.), Shantou, Guangdong, China, and The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China(T.Z.)
| | - Yan Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (M.Z., Y.L., Z.W.) and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (Y.L.), Shantou, Guangdong, China, and The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China(T.Z.)
| | - Yongluan Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (M.Z., Y.L., Z.W.) and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (Y.L.), Shantou, Guangdong, China, and The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China(T.Z.)
| | - Zhuomin Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (M.Z., Y.L., Z.W.) and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (Y.L.), Shantou, Guangdong, China, and The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China(T.Z.)
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5
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Pan-cancer analysis of LncRNA XIST and its potential mechanisms in human cancers. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10786. [PMID: 36212008 PMCID: PMC9535293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Liu H, Wang D, Kan S, Hao M, Chang L, Lu P, Liu Y, Jin Y, Liu W. The role of lncRNAs and XIST in oral cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:826650. [PMID: 36035993 PMCID: PMC9400023 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.826650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many human malignant tumors, including oral cancer. LncRNA can act as a gene regulator in a variety of cancers. It regulates the growth of malignant cells via many cellular signal pathways such as the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT (α-serine/threonine-protein kinase) pathway. In this review, we have analyzed the role of lncRNAs, such as lncRNA X inactive specific transcript (XIST), in oral cancer, including its effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and resistance to chemotherapy of oral cancer. We have also focused on the role of lncRNA XIST as the core of X chromosome inactivation. Here, we provide a brief overview of the role of many kinds of lncRNAs, including XIST, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of the role of XIST in oral cancer. Our review may provide a new direction for the study of the occurrence, development, and prognosis of oral cancer and provide a new target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoning Kan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengxu Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Liu,
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Lei T, Du S, Peng Z, Chen L. Multifaceted regulation and functions of 53BP1 in NHEJ‑mediated DSB repair (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:90. [PMID: 35583003 PMCID: PMC9162042 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for the preservation of genomic integrity and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant repair mechanism for any type of DNA DSB during the majority of the cell cycle. NHEJ defects regulate tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation and anti-neoplastic agents, resulting in immunodeficiencies and developmental abnormalities in malignant cells. p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is a key mediator involved in DSB repair, which functions to maintain a balance in the repair pathway choices and in preserving genomic stability. 53BP1 promotes DSB repair via NHEJ and antagonizes DNA end overhang resection. At present, novel lines of evidence have revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment of 53BP1 and DNA break-responsive effectors to DSB sites, and the promotion of NHEJ-mediated DSB repair via 53BP1, while preventing homologous recombination. In the present review article, recent advances made in the elucidation of the structural and functional characteristics of 53BP1, the mechanisms of 53BP1 recruitment and interaction with the reshaping of the chromatin architecture around DSB sites, the post-transcriptional modifications of 53BP1, and the up- and downstream pathways of 53BP1 are discussed. The present review article also focuses on the application perspectives, current challenges and future directions of 53BP1 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
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Revealing key lncRNAs in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia by reconstruction of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4973. [PMID: 35322118 PMCID: PMC8942983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) is a heterogeneous disease with different prognoses. Researches on prognostic biomarkers and therapy targets of CN-AML are still ongoing. Instead of protein-coding genes, more and more researches were focused on the non-coding RNAs especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which may play an important role in the development of AML. Although a large number of lncRNAs have been found, our knowledge of their functions and pathological process is still in its infancy. The purpose of this research is to identify the key lncRNAs and explore their functions in CN-AML by reconstructing the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory. We reconstructed a global triple network based on the ceRNA theory using the data from National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus and published literature. According to the topological algorithm, we identified the key lncRNAs which had both the higher node degrees and the higher numbers of lncRNA-miRNA pairs and total pairs in the ceRNA network. Meanwhile, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were performed using databases such as DAVID, KOBAS and Cytoscape plug-in ClueGO respectively. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was composed of 90 lncRNAs,33mRNAs,26 miRNAs and 259 edges in the lncRNA upregulated group, and 18 lncRNAs,11 mRNAs,6 miRNAs and 45 edges in the lncRNA downregulated group. The functional assay showed that 53 pathways and 108 GO terms were enriched. Three lncRNAs (XIST, TUG1, GABPB1-AS1) could possibly be selected as key lncRNAs which may play an important role in the development of CN-AML. Particularly, GABPB1-AS1 was highly expressed in CN-AML by both bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification in AML cell line (THP-1) with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, GABPB1-AS1 was also negatively correlated with overall survival of AML patients. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network revealed key lncRNAs and their functions in CN-AML. Particularly, lncRNA GABPB1-AS1 was firstly proposed in AML. We believe that GABPB1-AS1 is expected to become a candidate prognostic biomarker or a potential therapeutic target.
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The lncRNAs at X Chromosome Inactivation Center: Not Just a Matter of Sex Dosage Compensation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020611. [PMID: 35054794 PMCID: PMC8775829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the majority of the transcriptome, as the result of pervasive transcription of the mammalian genome. Different RNA species, such as lncRNAs, miRNAs, circRNA, mRNAs, engage in regulatory networks based on their reciprocal interactions, often in a competitive manner, in a way denominated “competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks” (“ceRNET”): miRNAs and other ncRNAs modulate each other, since miRNAs can regulate the expression of lncRNAs, which in turn regulate miRNAs, titrating their availability and thus competing with the binding to other RNA targets. The unbalancing of any network component can derail the entire regulatory circuit acting as a driving force for human diseases, thus assigning “new” functions to “old” molecules. This is the case of XIST, the lncRNA characterized in the early 1990s and well known as the essential molecule for X chromosome inactivation in mammalian females, thus preventing an imbalance of X-linked gene expression between females and males. Currently, literature concerning XIST biology is becoming dominated by miRNA associations and they are also gaining prominence for other lncRNAs produced by the X-inactivation center. This review discusses the available literature to explore possible novel functions related to ceRNA activity of lncRNAs produced by the X-inactivation center, beyond their role in dosage compensation, with prospective implications for emerging gender-biased functions and pathological mechanisms.
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10
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Xia X, Li Z, Li Y, Ye F, Zhou X. LncRNA XIST promotes carboplatin resistance of ovarian cancer through activating autophagy via targeting miR-506-3p/FOXP1 axis. J Gynecol Oncol 2022; 33:e81. [PMID: 36335987 PMCID: PMC9634093 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2022.33.e81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Resistance to chemotherapy drugs makes ovarian cancer (OC) difficult to treat and ultimately kills patients. Long non-coding RNAs are closely related to carboplatin resistance in OC. In present study, we explored the role of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) on carboplatin resistance in OC. Methods Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed through 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay to analyze the cell autophagy. The interaction of XIST/miR-506-3p or miR-506-3p/forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) was analyzed using RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual-luciferases reporter assays. The function of XIST/miR-506-3p/FOXP1 axis in vivo was further confirmed by tumor xenograft study and immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of XIST and FOXP1 increased while miR-506-3p decreased in OC and carboplatin resistance cells. XIST silencing repressed the proliferative and autophagic capacities of carboplatin resistance cells while promoted the apoptosis. XIST overexpression led to the opposite results. XIST targeted miR-506-3p and downregulated its expression. MiR-506-3p inhibition facilitated the proliferative and autophagic capacities while suppressed the apoptosis of cells, XIST knockdown reversed these effects. MiR-506-3p bound to FOXP1. XIST knockdown or miR-506-3p overexpression reversed the increase of cell proliferative and autophagic abilities and the decrease of apoptosis rate induced by FOXP1 overexpression. XIST affected autophagy and carboplatin resistance in vivo via regulating the miR-506-3p/FOXP1 axis. Conclusion XIST knockdown inhibited autophagy and carboplatin resistance of OC through FOXP1/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway by targeting miR-506-3p. Knockdown of XIST inhibited autophagy induced by carboplatin and resistance to carboplatin in ovarian cells. XIST targeted miR-506-3p and reduced its expression. FOXP1 could be a target gene of miR-506-3p. XIST facilitated the autophagy and carboplatin resistance through miR-506-3p/FOXP1 axis in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xia
- Scientific Research Department, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zikui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fist Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yaojun Li
- Nursing College of Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ye
- Nursing College of Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Fist Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
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11
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Yang L, Xie F, Xu W, Xu T, Ni Y, Tao X, Zang Y, Jin J. Long non-coding RNA XIST accelerates hepatic carcinoma progression by targeting the microRNA-320a/PIK3CA axis. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:801. [PMID: 34630708 PMCID: PMC8477073 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to reveal the new molecular mechanism of long non-coding (lnc)RNA XIST in the development of hepatic carcinoma. A total of 69 patients with hepatic carcinoma were included. Hepatoma cell lines (SUN449), hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2, Huh-6), liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and transformed human liver epithelial-2 cells (THLE-2) were used in the present study. A total 3 short hairpin RNA (sh)-lncRNA XIST sequences, overexpression vector (oe)-lncRNA XIST, microRNA (miR)-320a mimic, miR-320a inhibitor, PIK3CA inhibitor, and their corresponding controls were transfected in hepatic carcinoma cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect lncRNA-XIST, miR-320a and PIK3CA expression. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were undertaken to measure proliferation and apoptosis. Cell invasion and migration were detected by Transwell assays. Moreover, the binding of lncRNA XIST, PIK3CA and miR-320a were verified by luciferase reporter experiment and pull-down assay. Finally, a rescue assay was processed to confirm the effect of lncRNA-XIST, miR-320a and PIK3CA in the aforementioned processes. lncRNA XIST was highly expressed in hepatic carcinoma tissues and cells. The survival rate was significantly lower in the highly expressed lncRNA XIST group. shlncRNA XIST attenuated cell proliferation, invasion and migration, while increasing the apoptosis of hepatic carcinoma cells. The lncRNA XIST negatively targeted miR-320a, and miR-320a negatively regulated the expression of PIK3CA. The miR-320a mimic and PIK3CA inhibitor could recover the effect of oe-lncRNA in terms of the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of hepatic carcinoma cells. lncRNA XIST accelerates hepatic carcinoma progression by targeting the miR-320a/PIK3CA axis, which might provide the theoretical basis for the potential targeted therapy of hepatic carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Lianyungang No. 1 People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Fangliang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Lianyungang No. 1 People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Lianyungang No. 1 People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Tonglei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Lianyungang No. 1 People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Lianyungang No. 1 People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Lianyungang No. 1 People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Lianyungang No. 1 People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Lianyungang No. 1 People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
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Jiang Y, Meng XY, Deng NN, Meng C, Li LH, He ZK, Wang XY, Song ZY, Cui RJ. Effect and Safety of Therapeutic Regimens for Patients With Germline BRCA Mutation-Associated Breast Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718761. [PMID: 34490117 PMCID: PMC8417748 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility (BRCA) mutations not only increase breast cancer (BC) risk but also result in poor survival and prognosis for BC patients. This study will analyze the effect and safety of therapeutic regimens for the treatment of BC patients with germline BRCA (gBRCA) mutations by network meta-analysis. Methods Public databases were searched from inception to 29 April 2021. Frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the benefit of chemotherapy and targeted drug-related strategies. Results Seventeen articles were included in the analysis. For progression-free survival (PFS), olaparib (hazard ratio (HR): 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43 – 0.79), platinum (HR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.22 – 0.89), and talazoparib (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41 – 0.71) were significantly better than platinum-free chemotherapy (Chemo). The results based on indirect comparisons showed that veliparib (Vel) + platinum + Chemo was also significantly better than Chemo (HR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20 – 0.69). For overall survival (OS), olaparib was significantly better than Chemo only in the population who did not receive prior chemotherapy. For pathologic complete response (pCR), bevacizumab+Chemo had a significant advantage over platinum agents (OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 1.07 - 12.39). Olaparib and talazoparib both showed significantly higher objective response rates (ORRs) than Chemo. Conclusion The PFS results suggested that olaparib, talazoparib, and Vel+platinum agent+Chemo were ideal regimens for overall, TNBC, and advanced BC patients with gBRCA mutations. Whether PARPis are suitable for patients with gBRCA mutations who have received prior platinum therapy still needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Ning-Ning Deng
- Department of Dermatological, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Department of Nursing Youth League Committee, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Lu-Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zi-Kang He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xing-Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhe-Yao Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Rong-Jun Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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Wang W, Min L, Qiu X, Wu X, Liu C, Ma J, Zhang D, Zhu L. Biological Function of Long Non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Xist. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645647. [PMID: 34178980 PMCID: PMC8222981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression in a variety of ways at epigenetic, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional, and translational levels. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) serves as an important regulator of cell growth and development. Despites its original roles in X-chromosome dosage compensation, lncRNA Xist also participates in the development of tumor and other human diseases by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). In this review, we comprehensively summarized recent progress in understanding the cellular functions of lncRNA Xist in mammalian cells and discussed current knowledge regarding the ceRNA network of lncRNA Xist in various diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that are more than 200 nt in length and without an apparent protein-coding capacity (Furlan and Rougeulle, 2016; Maduro et al., 2016). These RNAs are believed to be transcribed by the approximately 98-99% non-coding regions of the human genome (Derrien et al., 2012; Fu, 2014; Montalbano et al., 2017; Slack and Chinnaiyan, 2019), as well as a large variety of genomic regions, such as exonic, tronic, and intergenic regions. Hence, lncRNAs are also divided into eight categories: Intergenic lncRNAs, Intronic lncRNAs, Enhancer lncRNAs, Promoter lncRNAs, Natural antisense/sense lncRNAs, Small nucleolar RNA-ended lncRNAs (sno-lncRNAs), Bidirectional lncRNAs, and non-poly(A) lncRNAs (Ma et al., 2013; Devaux et al., 2015; St Laurent et al., 2015; Chen, 2016; Quinn and Chang, 2016; Richard and Eichhorn, 2018; Connerty et al., 2020). A range of evidence has suggested that lncRNAs function as key regulators in crucial cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, by regulating the expression level of target genes via epigenomic, transcriptional, or post-transcriptional approaches (Cao et al., 2018). Moreover, lncRNAs detected in body fluids were also believed to serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression, and act as novel and potential drug targets for therapeutic exploitation in human disease (Jiang W. et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2019a). Long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) are a set of 15,000-20,000 nt sequences localized in the X chromosome inactivation center (XIC) of chromosome Xq13.2 (Brown et al., 1992; Debrand et al., 1998; Kay, 1998; Lee et al., 2013; da Rocha and Heard, 2017; Yang Z. et al., 2018; Brockdorff, 2019). Previous studies have indicated that lncRNA Xist regulate X chromosome inactivation (XCI), resulting in the inheritable silencing of one of the X-chromosomes during female cell development. Also, it serves a vital regulatory function in the whole spectrum of human disease (notably cancer) and can be used as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target for human disease in the clinic (Liu et al., 2018b; Deng et al., 2019; Dinescu et al., 2019; Mutzel and Schulz, 2020; Patrat et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a). In particular, lncRNA Xist have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of multiple types of tumors including brain tumor, Leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, with the prominent examples outlined in Table 1. It was also believed that lncRNA Xist (Chaligne and Heard, 2014; Yang Z. et al., 2018) contributed to other diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, neuropathic pain, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and osteoarthritis chondrocytes, and more specific details can be found in Table 2. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA Xist on both chromosome dosage compensation and pathogenesis (especially cancer) processes, with a focus on the regulatory network of lncRNA Xist in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongyi Zhang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
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Samir A, Tawab RA, Eltayebi HM. Long non-coding RNAs XIST and MALAT1 hijack the PD-L1 regulatory signaling pathway in breast cancer subtypes. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:593. [PMID: 34149904 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted widespread attention as potential biological and pathological regulators. lncRNAs are involved in several biological processes in cancer. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by strong heterogeneity and aggressiveness. At present, the implication of microRNAs (miRs) and lncRNAs in immunotherapy has been poorly studied. Nevertheless, the blockade of immune checkpoints, particularly that of the programmed cell-death protein-1/programmed cell-death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis, is considered as a principle approach in breast cancer (BC) therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between immune-modulatory upstream signaling pathways of the PD-L1 transcript that could enhance personalized targeted therapy. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with miR-182-5p mimics followed by RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis using a reverse transcription kit, and the expression levels of the target genes were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the expression levels of target genes were measured in tissues derived from 41 patients with BC, including patients with luminal BC and TNBC, as well as their adjacent lymph nodes. The results revealed that the expression levels of miR-182-5p, PD-L1 and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) were upregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells and BC tissues. However, X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) expression was downregulated in cancer tissues and TNBC cells. Following co-transfection of cells with small interfering RNAs specific for each target gene and miR-182-5p antagomirs, the effect of miR-182-5p was abolished in the presence of lncRNAs. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that although miR-182-5p exhibited an oncogenic effect, XIST exerted a dominant effect on the regulation of the PD-L1 signaling pathway via the inhibition of the oncogenic function of MALAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Samir
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Reda Abdel Tawab
- Department of General Surgery, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11772, Egypt
| | - Hend M Eltayebi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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15
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Clinical impact of LncRNA XIST and LncRNA NEAT1 for diagnosis of high-risk group breast cancer patients. Curr Probl Cancer 2021; 45:100709. [PMID: 33602501 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2021.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are evolving as contributing biomarkers for many diseases. Among these lncRNAs, X inactive-specific transcript (XIST), and nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) were studied as undesirable upregulated nucleic acid markers for unfavorable prognosis of cancer. The authors aimed to investigate their role as diagnostic markers for breast cancer (BC) patients with high-risk factors. Serum samples were obtained from BC patients (n = 121), patients with benign breast lesions (n = 35), and healthy volunteers (n = 22). Assessment of lncRNA XIST, and lncRNA NEAT1 expression was performed using real time PCR. Expression levels of the investigated lncRNAs were significantly higher in BC patients as compared to the other groups. Both lncRNAs were significantly correlated with BC laterality, lymph node involvement, and clinical stages. LncRNA NEAT1 reported a significant aberrant expression with pathological types, histological grading and, hormonal status. The sensitivity of lncRNA NEAT1 was superior for detection of BC with high risk-factors as compared to lncRNA XIST. In conclusion, the detection of lncRNAs in body fluids has demonstrated a significant importance for detecting BC patients with high-risk factors, and was related to hormonal receptors, thus may be used for determining the direction of treatment strategy.
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Inhibition of long non-coding RNA XIST upregulates microRNA-149-3p to repress ovarian cancer cell progression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:145. [PMID: 33542185 PMCID: PMC7862378 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in human diseases. We aimed to clarify the role of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST)/miR-149-3p/forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) axis in ovarian cancer (OC) cell growth. XIST, miR-149-3p and FOXP3 expression in OC tissues and cell lines was assessed, and the predictive role of XIST in prognosis of OC patients was analyzed. The OC cell lines were screened and accordingly treated with silenced/overexpressed XIST plasmid or miR-149-3p mimic/inhibitor, and then the proliferation, invasion, migration, colony formation ability, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution of OC cells were measured. Effect of altered XIST and miR-149-3p on tumor growth in vivo was observed. Online website prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene were implemented to detect the targeting relationship of lncRNA XIST, miR-149-3p, and FOXP3. XIST and FOXP3 were upregulated, whereas miR-149-3p was downregulated in OC tissues and cells. High XIST expression indicated a poor prognosis of OC. Inhibition of XIST or elevation of miR-149-3p repressed proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation ability, and promoted apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of HO-8910 cells. In SKOV3 cells upon treatment of overexpressed XIST or reduction of miR-149-3p, there exhibited an opposite tendency. Based on online website prediction, dual luciferase reporter gene, and RNA pull-down assays, we found that there was a negative relationship between XIST and miR-149-3p, and miR-149-3p downregulated FOXP3 expression. This study highlights that knockdown of XIST elevates miR-149-3p expression to suppress malignant behaviors of OC cells, thereby inhibiting OC development.
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Abstract
Platinum (Pt) compounds entered the clinic as anticancer agents when cisplatin was approved in 1978. More than 40 years later, even in the era of precision medicine and immunotherapy, Pt drugs remain among the most widely used anticancer drugs. As Pt drugs mainly target DNA, it is not surprising that recent insights into alterations of DNA repair mechanisms provide a useful explanation for their success. Many cancers have defective DNA repair, a feature that also sheds new light on the mechanisms of secondary drug resistance, such as the restoration of DNA repair pathways. In addition, genome-wide functional screening approaches have revealed interesting insights into Pt drug uptake. About half of cisplatin and carboplatin but not oxaliplatin may enter cells through the widely expressed volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). The analysis of this heteromeric channel in tumour biopsies may therefore be a useful biomarker to stratify patients for initial Pt treatments. Moreover, Pt-based approaches may be improved in the future by the optimization of combinations with immunotherapy, management of side effects and use of nanodelivery devices. Hence, Pt drugs may still be part of the standard of care for several cancers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Disler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Wang C, Li L, Li M, Wang W, Liu Y, Wang S. Silencing long non-coding RNA XIST suppresses drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia through down-regulation of MYC by elevating microRNA-29a expression. Mol Med 2020; 26:114. [PMID: 33228517 PMCID: PMC7685636 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are biomarkers participating in multiple disease development including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we investigated molecular mechanism of X Inactive-Specific Transcript (XIST) in regulating cellular viability, apoptosis and drug resistance in AML. Methods XIST, miR-29a and myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) expression in AML bone marrow cells collected from 62 patients was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Besides, the relationship among XIST, miR-29a and MYC was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter assay, RIP, and RNA pull down assays. AML KG-1 cells were treated with anti-tumor drug Adriamycin. The role of XIST/miR-29a/MYC in cellular viability, apoptosis and drug resistance in AML was accessed via gain- and loss-of-function approaches. At last, we evaluated role of XIST/miR-29a/MYC on tumorigenesis in vivo. Results XIST and MYC were up-regulated, and miR-29a was down-regulated in AML bone marrow cells. Silencing XIST inhibited cellular activity and drug resistance but promoted cellular apoptosis of KG-1 cells by down-regulating MYC. XIST inhibited miR-29a expression to up-regulate MYC. Moreover, silencing XIST inhibited tumorigenesis of AML cells in vivo. Conclusions Overall, down-regulation of XIST decreased MYC expression through releasing the inhibition on miR-29a, thereby reducing drug resistance, inhibiting viability and promoting apoptosis of AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P. R. China.
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P. R. China
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Zhang M, Wang F, Xiang Z, Huang T, Zhou WB. LncRNA XIST promotes chemoresistance of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin by sponging miR-200c-3p to upregulate ANLN. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1464-1472. [PMID: 32198770 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of breast cancer cells to drugs is a major obstacle to effective cancer chemotherapy. Here, we study the function mechanisms of long non-coding RNA XIST in chemoresistance of breast cancer to doxorubicin. We examined the 50% inhibitive concentration of doxorubicin to MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/ADM cells, showing that the doxorubicin resistance of MDA-MB-231/ADM cells was much higher than MDA-MB-231 cells. The gene or protein expression of XIST and ANLN were also higher in MDA-MB-231/ADM cells than that in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, XIST overexpression promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of doxorubicin-treated MDA-MB-231 cells by promoting ANLN expression. XIST silencing inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of doxorubicin-treated MDA-MB-231/ADM cells by inhibiting ANLN expression. Luciferase reporter assay showed that XIST functioned as a competing endogenous RNA to repress miR-200c-3p, which controlled its downstream target ANLN. In conclusion, these data reveal that XIST promotes chemoresistance of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin by sponging miR-200c-3p to upregulate ANLN. This work explores the relationship between lncRNA XIST and doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells and highlights a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Bing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Xu X, Zhou X, Chen Z, Gao C, Zhao L, Cui Y. Silencing of lncRNA XIST inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth and promotes chemosensitivity to cisplatin. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4711-4726. [PMID: 32209729 PMCID: PMC7138551 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumour progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence indicates that the lncRNA X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) is dysregulated in several tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in NSCLC and other cancers the oncogenic mechanism of XIST remains incompletely understood. Here, we confirmed that XIST is upregulated in human NSCLC specimens, and is especially overexpressed in tumors previously treated with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II); DDP). In vitro, XIST knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell growth and promoted DDP chemosensitivity by stimulating apoptosis and pyroptosis. Moreover, XIST's oncogenic effects and ability to promote DDP chemoresistance were largely related to its binding to the TGF-β effector SMAD2, which inhibited its translocation to the nucleus and prevented the transcription of p53 and NLRP3, crucial regulators of apoptosis and pyroptosis, respectively. Using DDP-resistant NSCLC cells, mouse xenograft studies verified the oncogenic function of XIST and its ability to inhibit programmed cell death, thereby mediating DDP chemoresistance. These findings suggest that XIST expression may serve as a novel biomarker to predict DDP treatment efficacy, and may help in the design of new therapies to circumvent DDP chemoresistance in NSCLC and other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhenju Chen
- Beijing 100biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100006, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Luo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yushang Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Zhang XT, Pan SX, Wang AH, Kong QY, Jiang KT, Yu ZB. Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) X-Inactive Specific Transcript (XIST) Plays a Critical Role in Predicting Clinical Prognosis and Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6429-6435. [PMID: 31452526 PMCID: PMC6724558 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in all cancer biology processes of cells. Although functions and associated mechanisms of lncRNAs have been proven in colorectal cancer (CRC), the roles of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) have not been clearly investigated in CRC. Material/Methods Expression of XIST was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay in CRC cell lines and 196 clinical samples. Correlations between XIST expression and CRC clinicopathological features were analyzed. Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier test were performed to assess and compare the prognoses of patients with higher and lower expression of XIST. The multivariate Cox regression and univariate Cox regression were conducted to evaluate the risk factors for prognosis of CRC. Results lncRNA XIST was upregulated in CRC cells lines and tissues (p<0.05). Statistical analysis found high XIST expression was correlated with larger tumor size, N1, M1, and topography lymph node metastasis (TNM) III+IV stage of CRC. Moreover, higher expression of XIST could predict poor progression-free survival (PFS) and poor overall survival (OS) of CRC patients. The M1 stage and high expression of XIST were proven to be independent risk factors for poor prognosis (p<0.05). Conclusions XIST is upregulated in CRC and is significantly correlated with CRC clinical progression. lncRNA XIST overexpression predict poor PFS and poor OS for CRC patients. lncRNA XIST can be an independent risk factor for CRC prognosis, and could be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Tian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Sheng-Xue Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ai-Hua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qing-Yin Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Kai-Tong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zong-Bu Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
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22
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Rynkeviciene R, Simiene J, Strainiene E, Stankevicius V, Usinskiene J, Miseikyte Kaubriene E, Meskinyte I, Cicenas J, Suziedelis K. Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010017. [PMID: 30583549 PMCID: PMC6356972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive brain tumor of the central nervous system. The ability of glioma cells to migrate, rapidly diffuse and invade normal adjacent tissue, their sustained proliferation, and heterogeneity contribute to an overall survival of approximately 15 months for most patients with high grade glioma. Numerous studies indicate that non-coding RNA species have critical functions across biological processes that regulate glioma initiation and progression. Recently, new data emerged, which shows that the cross-regulation between long non-coding RNAs and small non-coding RNAs contribute to phenotypic diversity of glioblastoma subclasses. In this paper, we review data of long non-coding RNA expression, which was evaluated in human glioma tissue samples during a five-year period. Thus, this review summarizes the following: (I) the role of non-coding RNAs in glioblastoma pathogenesis, (II) the potential application of non-coding RNA species in glioma-grading, (III) crosstalk between lncRNAs and miRNAs (IV) future perspectives of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryte Rynkeviciene
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Julija Simiene
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Egle Strainiene
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio ave. 11, LT-10122 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Vaidotas Stankevicius
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jurgita Usinskiene
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Edita Miseikyte Kaubriene
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Cˇiurlionio 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ingrida Meskinyte
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- MAP Kinase Resource, Bioinformatics, Melchiorstrasse 9, 3027 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas Cicenas
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- MAP Kinase Resource, Bioinformatics, Melchiorstrasse 9, 3027 Bern, Switzerland.
- Energy and Biotechnology Engineering Institute, Aleksandro Stulginskio University, Studentų g. 11, LT-53361 Akademija, Lithuania.
| | - Kestutis Suziedelis
- Nacional Cancer Institute, Santariskiu str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Wang W, Shen H, Cao G, Huang J. Long non-coding RNA XIST predicts poor prognosis and promotes malignant phenotypes in osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:256-262. [PMID: 30655762 PMCID: PMC6313160 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in a number of types of human cancer and functions as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. However, little is known about the role of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in osteosarcoma. In the present study, the expression of lncRNA XIST was analyzed in 56 osteosarcoma tissues and their corresponding normal bone tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Increased lncRNA XIST expression was observed in osteosarcoma tissues compared with the normal tissues and was positively associated with advanced Enneking stage. In addition, lncRNA XIST may be used as an independent risk factor for the overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma. Knockdown of lncRNA XIST inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle. The inhibition of lncRNA XIST may also suppress cell migration and invasion in vitro. The present study suggested that lncRNA XIST acted as an oncogene in osteosarcoma, which may make it a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Huiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Guanglei Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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24
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Emerging ways to treat breast cancer: will promises be met? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:605-621. [PMID: 30259416 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women and it is responsible for more than 40,000 deaths in the United States and more than 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. In previous decades, the development of improved screening, diagnosis and treatment methods has led to decreases in BC mortality rates. More recently, novel targeted therapeutic options, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that target specific cancer cell-related components, have been developed. These components include ErbB family members (HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4), Ras/MAPK pathway components (Ras, Raf, MEK and ERK), VEGF family members (VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGF and PGF), apoptosis and cell cycle regulators (BAK, BAX, BCL-2, BCL-X, MCL-1 and BCL-W, p53 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway components) and DNA repair pathway components such as BRCA1. In addition, long noncoding RNA inhibitor-, microRNA inhibitor/mimic- and immunotherapy-based approaches are being developed for the treatment of BC. Finally, a novel powerful technique called CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing is emerging as a precise tool for the targeted treatment of cancer, including BC. CONCLUSIONS Potential new strategies that are designed to specifically target BC are presented. Several clinical trials using these strategies are already in progress and have shown promising results, but inherent limitations such as off-target effects and low delivery efficiencies still have to be resolved. By improving the clinical efficacy of current therapies and exploring new ones, it is anticipated that novel ways to overcome BC may become attainable.
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25
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Yang Z, Jiang X, Jiang X, Zhao H. X-inactive-specific transcript: A long noncoding RNA with complex roles in human cancers. Gene 2018; 679:28-35. [PMID: 30171939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST/Xist) is one of the first long non-coding RNAs discovered in mammals and plays an essential role in X chromosome inactivation. XIST is dysregulated and acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor in different human malignancies. XIST is implicated in many aspects of carcinogenesis including tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle, stemness, autophagy, and drug resistance. This review focuses on research progress on the roles of XIST in tumor development. The multiple pathological functions of XIST in various cancers are systematically reviewed to elucidate the molecular basis of its biological roles and to provide new directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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26
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Zhao L, Zhao Y, He Y, Li Q, Mao Y. The functional pathway analysis and clinical significance of miR-20a and its related lncRNAs in breast cancer. Cell Signal 2018; 51:152-165. [PMID: 30092355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-20a is a critical molecule in various biological processes and cancer progression procedures. However, its relationships with lncRNAs and their functional pathway analysis in breast tumorigenesis are less intensively studied. METHODS The expression data from TCGA database and multiple bioinformatics resources were used to check the expression levels, survival curves, interactions and functional illustrations of miR-20a and its related lncRNAs (XIST, H19 and MALAT1) in breast cancer patients. The luciferase reporter assays and Pearson's correlation analyses were utilized to verify the direct regulatory relationship between miR-20a and three lncRNAs (XIST, H19 and MALAT1). In vitro cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays, were performed to check the biological effects of miR-20a and XIST in different breast cancer cell lines. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were done for evaluating diagnostic values of serum miR-20a and XIST in breast cancer patients. RESULTS The miR-20a expression was significantly up-regulated in both breast cancer samples and serum samples, and correlated with poor survival rate in breast cancer patients. LncRNAs (XIST, H19 and MALAT1) directly bound to hsa-miR-20a and were negatively correlated with hsa-miR-20a expression in breast cancer patient samples. For functional illustrations and downstream signaling pathways analysis, XIST, H19 and MALAT1 mainly shared their regulatory functions in cell motility and interleukin signaling in breast cancer progression. Additionally, over-expression of miR-20a and inhibition of XIST promoted breast cancer cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro, and serum miR-20a and XIST served as potential diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer with the area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95% CI = 0.78 to 0.97), and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.67 to 0.89) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings provide us novel insights and avenues for utilizing miR-20a and its related lncRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yuelong Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yanong He
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Qingling Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yitao Mao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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27
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Liu X, Ming X, Jing W, Luo P, Li N, Zhu M, Yu M, Liang C, Tu J. Long non-coding RNA XIST predicts worse prognosis in digestive system tumors: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180169. [PMID: 29752340 PMCID: PMC6013696 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies are indicating that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is associated with the prognosis of cancer patients. However, the results have been disputed. Therefore, we aimed to further explore the prognostic value and clinical significance of XIST in various types of cancers. Then, we focussed our research on the comparison of the predictive value of XIST between digestive system tumors and non-digestive system tumors. We performed a systematic search by looking up PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Medline (up to 3 January 2018). Fifteen studies which matched our inclusion criteria with a total of 920 patients for overall survival and 867 patients for clinicopathological characteristics were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to summarize the effects. Our results suggested that high expression levels of XIST were associated with unfavorable overall survival in cancer patients (pooled HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.45-2.26). Additionally, we found that XIST was more valuable in digestive system tumors (pooled HR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.73-2.92) than in non-digestive system tumors (pooled HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.60-2.45). Furthermore, elevated expression levels of XIST were connected with distant metastasis and tumor stage. XIST was correlated with poor prognosis, which suggested that XIST might serve as a novel predictive biomarker for cancer patients, especially for patients of digestive system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinliang Ming
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Nandi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingxia Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chunzi Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiancheng Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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28
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Richard JLC, Eichhorn PJA. Deciphering the roles of lncRNAs in breast development and disease. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20179-20212. [PMID: 29732012 PMCID: PMC5929455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. It is therefore important to understand the mechanisms underlying breast cancer development as well as raises the need for enhanced, non-invasive strategies for novel prognostic and diagnostic methods. The emergence of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential key players in neoplastic disease has received considerable attention over the past few years. This relatively new class of molecular regulators has been shown from ongoing research to act as critical players for key biological processes. Deregulated expression levels of lncRNAs have been observed in a number of cancers including breast cancer. Furthermore, lncRNAs have been linked to breast cancer initiation, progression, metastases and to limit sensitivity to certain targeted therapeutics. In this review we provide an update on the lncRNAs associated with breast cancer and mammary gland development and illustrate the versatility of such lncRNAs in gene control, differentiation and development both in normal physiological conditions and in diseased states. We also highlight the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of lncRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lalith Charles Richard
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Current Address: Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 138672, Singapore
| | - Pieter Johan Adam Eichhorn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Perth, 6845, Australia
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29
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Klinge CM. Non-coding RNAs: long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in endocrine-related cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R259-R282. [PMID: 29440232 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human genome is 'pervasively transcribed' leading to a complex array of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that far outnumber coding mRNAs. ncRNAs have regulatory roles in transcription and post-transcriptional processes as well numerous cellular functions that remain to be fully described. Best characterized of the 'expanding universe' of ncRNAs are the ~22 nucleotide microRNAs (miRNAs) that base-pair to target mRNA's 3' untranslated region within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and block translation and may stimulate mRNA transcript degradation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are classified as >200 nucleotides in length, but range up to several kb and are heterogeneous in genomic origin and function. lncRNAs fold into structures that interact with DNA, RNA and proteins to regulate chromatin dynamics, protein complex assembly, transcription, telomere biology and splicing. Some lncRNAs act as sponges for miRNAs and decoys for proteins. Nuclear-encoded lncRNAs can be taken up by mitochondria and lncRNAs are transcribed from mtDNA. Both miRNAs and lncRNAs are dysregulated in endocrine cancers. This review provides an overview on the current understanding of the regulation and function of selected lncRNAs and miRNAs, and their interaction, in endocrine-related cancers: breast, prostate, endometrial and thyroid.
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30
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Yang C, Wu K, Wang S, Wei G. Long non-coding RNA XIST promotes osteosarcoma progression by targeting YAP via miR-195-5p. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5646-5656. [PMID: 29384226 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lncRNA XIST (X inactive-specific transcript) is an oncogenic lncRNA that is present in various malignant tumors; however, its role and molecular mechanisms in osteosarcoma (OS) progression remain unclear. In the current study, 40 pairs of OS tissues and matched adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected. qRT-PCR was conducted to investigate the differences in XIST expression in tissues and OS cell lines. The proliferation, invasion, and EMT status of OS cells after transfection were assessed with WST-1 assays, Transwell assays, and Western blot analysis, respectively. Whether miR-195-5p was a direct downstream target of XIST was verified by both bioinformatics target gene prediction and dual-luciferase report analysis. A mouse model was established to evaluate tumor proliferation in vivo. Our results demonstrated that XIST expression was significantly upregulated in OS tissues and cell lines and negatively correlated with clinical prognosis. XIST knockdown inhibited cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, inhibited the EMT of OS cells in vitro, and suppressed subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. Further analysis demonstrated that XIST regulated YAP expression by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA that sponged miR-195-5p in OS cells. XIST directly interacted with miR-195-5p and decreased the binding of miR-195-5p to the YAP 3'UTR, which suppressed the degradation of YAP mRNA by miR-195-5p. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that lncRNA XIST enhances OS cancer cell proliferation and invasion in part through the miR-195-5p/YAP pathway. Therefore, lncRNA XIST might be a promising therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
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31
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Wang J, Ye C, Xiong H, Shen Y, Lu Y, Zhou J, Wang L. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNA in breast cancer: an overview of mechanism and clinical implication. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5508-5522. [PMID: 27732939 PMCID: PMC5354927 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which occupy nearly 98% of genome, have crucial roles in cancer development, including breast cancer. Breast cancer is a disease with high incidence. Despite of recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and combined therapy strategies, the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in breast cancer remains unclear. This review presents the currently basic knowledge and research approaches of lncRNAs. We also highlight the latest advances of seven classic lncRNAs and three novel lncRNAs in breast cancer, elucidating their mechanisms and possible therapeutic targets. Additionally, association between lncRNA and specific molecular subtype of breast cancer is reported. Lastly, we briefly delineate the potential roles of lncRNAs in clinical applications as biomarkers and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Ye
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanchu Xiong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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32
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Long non-coding RNA XIST as a potential prognostic biomarker in human cancers: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:13911-13919. [PMID: 29568404 PMCID: PMC5862625 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing studies have confirmed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involve in the occurrence and development of various cancers. XIST, as a lncRNA, was dysregulated in different cancers. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic potential of XIST in malignant tumors. Eight databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, CNKI, VIP, SinoMed and Wang Fang were comprehensively searched from their initiation date to August 15, 2017. A total of nine studies with 853 cancer patients met the including criteria were finally included in this meta-analysis after independently screening the literatures by two researchers. Any discrepancies were resolved by a consensus. Hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the primary endpoints were extracted and pooled for meta-analysis. Our results showed that expression level of XIST was markedly associated with overall survival (function as oncogene, HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.42-0.68, p < 0.00001; function as tumor suppressor, HR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.15-4.37, p = 0.02), disease free survival (DFS)(HR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.31-0.67, p < 0.0001), tumor type (digestive system carcinoma, HR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.37-0.69, p < 0.00001; non-digestive system carcinoma, HR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.39-0.87, p = 0.008), lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20-0.52, p < 0.00001), distant metastasis (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22-0.60, p < 0.0001) and tumor stage (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31-0.60, p < 0.00001). In conclusion, the pooled results in our current work suggest that XIST is an important prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
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33
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Zhao Y, Li S, Xia N, Shi Y, Zhao CM. Effects of XIST/miR-137 axis on neuropathic pain by targeting TNFAIP1 in a rat model. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4307-4316. [PMID: 29115665 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs have been reported to participate in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. The objective of our study was to investigate the biological role of XIST in neuropathic pain development. In our study, we identify and validate that lncRNA XIST was markedly increased and miR-137 was significantly decreased in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats. XIST silencing alleviated pain behaviors including both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in the CCI rats. XIST was predicted to interact with miR-137 by bioinformatics technology and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the correlation between XIST and miR-137. miR-137 was negatively modulated by XIST and upregulation of miR-137 greatly reduced neuropathic pain development in CCI rats. Moreover, we observed that tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 1 (TNFAIP1) was enhanced in CCI rats and 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of TNFAIP1 was exhibited to be a target of miR-137 by bioinformatics prediction. TNFAIP1 can act as a crucial inflammation regulator by activating NF-kB activity. Overexpression of miR-137 significantly suppressed TNFAIP1 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, upregulation of XIST reversed the inhibitory role of miR-137 in neuropathic pain development by inhibiting TNFAIP1. In conclusion, our current study indicates that XIST can positively regulate neuropathic pain in rats through regulating the expression of miR-137 and TNFAIP1. Our results imply that XIST/miR-137/TNFAIP1 axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, P.R. China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P.R. China
| | - Nin Xia
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Emergency, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Zhao
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Xuyi, Xuyi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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The lncRNA XIST interacts with miR-140/miR-124/iASPP axis to promote pancreatic carcinoma growth. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113701-113718. [PMID: 29371940 PMCID: PMC5768357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is involved in the development and progression of many tumors. In this study, XIST was specifically upregulated in pancreatic carcinoma tissues and cell lines; a higher XIST expression was correlated to poorer clinicopathologic features. After XIST knockdown, the proliferation of PC cell lines was suppressed and cell cycle stagnated in G1 phase; XIST knockdown also reduced the protein levels of inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) and Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), increased the protein level of P21, a potent CDK inhibitor. In PC cell lines, XIST and miR-140/miR-124, two tumor-associated miRNAs, could inversely regulate each other, respectively; miR-140/miR-124 could bind to XIST and the 3’UTR of PPP1R13L, respectively. XIST and miR-140/miR-124 exerted opposite effects on iASPP, CDK1, P21 and P27 proteins; whereas the effects of LV-sh-XIST on the indicated protein levels could be partially reversed by miR-140 and/or miR-124 inhibitor. In PC tissues, miR-140 and miR-124 expression was down-regulated, iASPP and CDK1 mRNA expression was up-regulated. XIST positively correlated with iASPP and CDK1, inversely correlated with miR-140 and miR-124, respectively. Taken together, our data indicated that XIST might be an oncogenic lncRNA that promoted proliferation of PC cell line through inhibiting miR-140/miR-124 expression and promoting cell cycle-related factor expression, and could be regarded as a therapeutic target in human pancreatic carcinoma.
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Molecular Crosstalking among Noncoding RNAs: A New Network Layer of Genome Regulation in Cancer. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:4723193. [PMID: 29147648 PMCID: PMC5632862 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4723193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been extensively studied because of the significant biological roles that they play in regulation of cellular mechanisms. ncRNAs are associated to higher eukaryotes complexity; accordingly, their dysfunction results in pathological phenotypes, including cancer. To date, most research efforts have been mainly focused on how ncRNAs could modulate the expression of protein-coding genes in pathological phenotypes. However, recent evidence has shown the existence of an unexpected interplay among ncRNAs that strongly influences cancer development and progression. ncRNAs can interact with and regulate each other through various molecular mechanisms generating a complex network including different species of RNAs (e.g., mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs). Such a hidden network of RNA-RNA competitive interactions pervades and modulates the physiological functioning of canonical protein-coding pathways involved in proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis in cancer. Moreover, the pivotal role of ncRNAs as keystones of network structural integrity makes them very attractive and promising targets for innovative RNA-based therapeutics. In this review we will discuss: (1) the current knowledge on complex crosstalk among ncRNAs, with a special focus on cancer; and (2) the main issues and criticisms concerning ncRNAs targeting in therapeutics.
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Zhang R, Xia T. Long non-coding RNA XIST regulates PDCD4 expression by interacting with miR-21-5p and inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth and metastasis. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1460-1470. [PMID: 29048648 PMCID: PMC5643066 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
lncRNA-X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA XIST) has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis and development of various cancers. However, the function of XIST and its working mechanism in osteosarcoma (OS) remain enigmatic. Firstly, we determined the expression of XIST in OS tissues and cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and explored whether aberrant XIST expression was associated with recurrence and short overall survival. Furthermore, the effects of XIST on osteosarcoma cells were studied by lentivirus mediated overexpression approach in vitro and in vivo. Detection of a set of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was performed to explore whether XIST is involved in EMT. Finally, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of XIST acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-21-5p in OS progression and metastasis. lncRNA XIST was significantly downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and osteosarcoma cells, and associated with recurrence and short overall survival in OS patients. XIST overexpression remarkably inhibited the proliferation of OS cells as well as the xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Both cell invasion and migration were inhibited by XIST overexpression via suppressing the EMT process. These results indicated that XIST functioned as a tumor suppressor in OS. Moreover, we found that miR-21-5p interacted with XIST by directly targeting the miRNA-binding site in the XIST sequence, and qRT-PCR results showed XIST and miR-21-5p could affect each other's expression, respectively. The following assays verified that the tumor suppressor, PDCD4 was a functional target of miR-21-5p in OS cells. Finally, we affirmed that XIST regulated PDCD4 expression by competitively binding to miR-21-5p. XIST inhibited cell proliferation and cell mobility by competitively binding to miR-21-5p and upregulating PDCD4 in OS. Our study demonstrated that lncRNA-XIST, which acts as a miRNA sponge, impedes miR-21-5p to maintain the expression of PDCD4, which contributes to the progression of OS. Our findings suggest that the newly identified XIST/miR-21-5p/PDCD4 axis could be a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
| | - Tian Xia
- Shanghai Mierxuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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LncRNA-XIST interacts with miR-29c to modulate the chemoresistance of glioma cell to TMZ through DNA mismatch repair pathway. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170696. [PMID: 28831025 PMCID: PMC5587918 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the most commonly used alkylating agent in glioma chemotherapy. However, growing resistance to TMZ remains a major challenge for clinicians. Recent evidence emphasizes the key regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs and miRNAs) in tumor biology, including the chemoresistance of cancers. However, little is known about the role and regulation mechanisms of lncRNA cancer X-inactive specific transcripts (XIST) in glioma tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance. In the present study, higher XIST expression was observed in glioma tissues and cell lines, which was related to poorer clinicopathologic features and shorter survival time. XIST knockdown alone was sufficient to inhibit glioma cell proliferation and to amplify TMZ-induced cell proliferation inhibition. Moreover, XIST knockdown can sensitize TMZ-resistant glioma cells to TMZ. XIST can inhibit miR-29c expression by directly targetting TMZ-resistant glioma cells. DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methytransferase (MGMT) plays a key role in TMZ resistance; transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1), a regulator of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) key protein MSH6, has been reported to be up-regulated in TMZ-resistant glioma cell lines. In the present study, we show that XIST/miR-29c coregulates SP1 and MGMT expression in TMZ-resistant glioma cell lines. Our data suggest that XIST can amplify the chemoresistance of glioma cell lines to TMZ through directly targetting miR-29c via SP1 and MGMT. XIST/miR-29c may be a potential therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Yu N, Liang Y, Zhu H, Mo H, Pei H. CsA Promotes XIST Expression to Regulate Human Trophoblast Cells Proliferation and Invasion Through miR-144/Titin Axis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2208-2218. [PMID: 28059474 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we revealed that Cyclosporin A (CsA) could inhibit miR-144 expression to regulate proliferation and invasion of human trophoblast (HT) cells through miR-144 targeting titin. This partially demonstrated the mechanism by which CsA promotes titin expression to increase the vitality of HT cells. However, the mechanism by which CsA inhibits miR-144 expression remains to be investigated. Recently, the interaction between lncRNA and miRNA has been frequently reported to play major role in several biological processes. In the present study, online tools were used to figure out that X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) could interact with miR-144. XIST and miR-144 reciprocally inhibited each other in HT cells; as exhibited by luciferase reporter gene assays, miR-144 bind to XIST by direct targeting. XIST suppressed miR-144 expression to promote titin expression. As exhibited by the Spearman's correlation analysis, in CsA treated HT cells, miR-144 was inversely correlated with titin and XIST, respectively; XIST was positively correlated with titin. Moreover, CsA could promote the proliferation and invasion of HT cells through XIST and the downstream MAPK and MMPs pathway. Taken together, these findings will shed light to the role and mechanism of CsA/XIST/miR-144/titin in regulating HT cells proliferation and invasion. XIST may serve as a potential therapeutic target in HT in the future. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2208-2218, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhui Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410007, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410007, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Mo
- Department of Gynaecology, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410007, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Pei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
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Ayers D, Vandesompele J. Influence of microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Chemoresistance. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8030095. [PMID: 28273813 PMCID: PMC5368699 DOI: 10.3390/genes8030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and acquired chemoresistance exhibited by most tumours exposed to conventional chemotherapeutic agents account for the majority of relapse cases in cancer patients. Such chemoresistance phenotypes are of a multi-factorial nature from multiple key molecular players. The discovery of the RNA interference pathway in 1998 and the widespread gene regulatory influences exerted by microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs have certainly expanded the level of intricacy present for the development of any single physiological phenotype, including cancer chemoresistance. This review article focuses on the latest research efforts in identifying and validating specific key molecular players from the two main families of non-coding RNAs, namely miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), having direct or indirect influences in the development of cancer drug resistance properties and how such knowledge can be utilised for novel theranostics in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Iyevleva AG, Imyanitov EN. Cytotoxic and targeted therapy for hereditary cancers. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2016; 14:17. [PMID: 27555886 PMCID: PMC4994296 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-016-0057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a number of drugs demonstrating specific activity towards hereditary cancers. For example, tumors in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers usually arise via somatic inactivation of the remaining BRCA allele, which makes them particularly sensitive to platinum-based drugs, PARP inhibitors (PARPi), mitomycin C, liposomal doxorubicin, etc. There are several molecular assays for BRCA-ness, which permit to reveal BRCA-like phenocopies among sporadic tumors and thus extend clinical indications for the use of BRCA-specific therapies. Retrospective data on high-dose chemotherapy deserve consideration given some unexpected instances of cure from metastatic disease among BRCA1/2-mutated patients. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is characterized by high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H), increased antigenicity and elevated expression of immunosuppressive molecules. Recent clinical trial demonstrated tumor responses in HNPCC patients treated by the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab. There are successful clinical trials on the use of novel targeted agents for the treatment or rare cancer syndromes, e.g. RET inhibitors for hereditary medullary thyroid cancer, mTOR inhibitors for tumors arising in patients with tuberous sclerosis (TSC), and SMO inhibitors for basal-cell nevus syndrome. Germ-line mutation tests will be increasingly used in the future for the choice of the optimal therapy, therefore turnaround time for these laboratory procedures needs to be significantly reduced to ensure proper treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaya G Iyevleva
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Pesochny-2, St. Petersburg, 197758 Russia ; St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, 194100 Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Pesochny-2, St. Petersburg, 197758 Russia ; St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, 194100 Russia ; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, 191015 Russia ; St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
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