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Ghosh S, Das SK, Sinha K, Ghosh B, Sen K, Ghosh N, Sil PC. The Emerging Role of Natural Products in Cancer Treatment. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03786-3. [PMID: 38795134 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of natural products as potential agents for cancer treatment has garnered significant attention in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the diverse array of natural compounds, including alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, lignans, polyketides, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, highlighting their emerging roles in cancer therapy. These compounds, derived from various botanical sources, exhibit a wide range of mechanisms of action, targeting critical pathways involved in cancer progression such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Through a meticulous examination of preclinical and clinical studies, we provide insights into the therapeutic potential of these natural products across different cancer types. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and challenges associated with their use in cancer treatment, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and delivery methods. Overall, this review underscores the importance of natural products in advancing cancer therapeutics and paves the way for future investigations into their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sanjib Kumar Das
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, 721507, India
| | - Krishnendu Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, 721507, India.
| | - Biswatosh Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Koushik Sen
- Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, 721507, India
| | - Nabanita Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, 700013, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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Zhang Q, Wu Q, Huan XJ, Song SS, Bao XB, Miao ZH, Wang YQ. Co-inhibition of BET and NAE enhances BIM-dependent apoptosis with augmented cancer therapeutic efficacy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116198. [PMID: 38588830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Agents that inhibit bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins have been actively tested in the clinic as potential anticancer drugs. NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitors, represented by MLN4924, target the only activation enzyme in the neddylation pathway that has been identified as an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this study, we focus on the combination of BET inhibitors (BETis) and NAE inhibitors (NAEis) as a cancer therapeutic strategy and investigate its underlying mechanisms to explore and expand the application scope of both types of drugs. The results showed that this combination synergistically inhibited the proliferative activity of tumor cells from different tissues. Compared to a single drug, combination therapy had a weak effect on cycle arrest but significantly enhanced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the growth of NCI-H1975 xenografts in nude mice was significantly inhibited by the combination without obvious body weight loss. Research on the synergistic mechanism demonstrated that combination therapy significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of the proapoptotic gene BIM. The inhibition and knockout of BIM significantly attenuated the apoptosis induced by the combination, whereas the re-expression of BIM restored the synergistic effects, indicating that BIM induction plays a critical role in mediating the enhanced apoptosis induced by the co-inhibition of BET and NAE. Together, the enhanced transcription mediated by miR-17-92 cluster inhibition and reduced degradation promoted the increase in BIM levels, resulting in a synergistic effect. Collectively, these findings highlight the need for further clinical investigation into the combination of BETi and NAEi as a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu-Bin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ying-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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Feng K, Li X, Bai Y, Zhang D, Tian L. Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by triptolide: A comprehensive overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24335. [PMID: 38293343 PMCID: PMC10826740 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The need for naturally occurring constituents is driven by the rise in the cancer prevalence and the unpleasant side effects associated with chemotherapeutics. Triptolide, the primary active component of "Tripterygium Wilfordii", has exploited for biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential against various tumors. Based on the recent pre-clinical investigations, triptolide is linked to the induction of death of cancerous cells by triggering cellular apoptosis via inhibiting heat shock protein expression (HSP70), and cyclin dependent kinase (CDKs) by up regulating expression of P21. MKP1, histone methyl transferases and RNA polymerases have all recently identified as potential targets of triptolide in cells. Autophagy, AKT signaling pathway and various pathways involving targeted proteins such as A-disintegrin & metalloprotease-10 (ADAM10), Polycystin-2 (PC-2), dCTP pyro-phosphatase 1 (DCTP1), peroxiredoxin-I (Prx-I), TAK1 binding protein (TAB1), kinase subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the xeroderma-pigmentosum B (XPB or ERCC3) have been exploited. Besides that, triptolide is responsible for enhancing the effectiveness of various chemotherapeutics. In addition, several triptolide moieties, including minnelide and LLDT8, have progressed in investigations on humans for the treatment of cancer. Targeted strategies, such as triptolide conjugation with ligands or triptolide loaded nano-carriers, are efficient techniques to confront toxicities associated with triptolide. We expect and anticipate that advances in near future, regarding combination therapies of triptolide, might be beneficial against cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yuzhuo Bai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Baishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baishan, 134300, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Lung Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
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Sun L, Wu Q, Huan XJ, Tian CQ, Wang YQ, Miao ZH. Loss of VOPP1 Contributes to BET Inhibitor Acquired Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1785-1798. [PMID: 36001806 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors targeting bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins are promising anticancer drugs. The emergence of drug resistance during treatments will impair their therapeutic effectiveness. To investigate the mechanisms of acquired resistance to BET inhibitors (BETi), we generated a series of drug-resistant sublines by exposing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) NCI-H1975 cells to the BETi ABBV-075. These sublines displayed cross-resistance to other tested BETis, increased migration abilities, reduced growth rates accompanied by an increased proportion of cells in G1 phase and decreased apoptotic responses to BETis. Changes in RNA expression and gene mutation profiles in the resistant variants indicate that emergence of BETi resistance is multifactorial. Importantly, all the tested ABBV-075-resistant variants showed loss of vesicular overexpressed in cancer prosurvival protein 1 (VOPP1) and an increase in the antiapoptotic BCL-2 protein. By knockdown, knockout, and reconstitution of VOPP1 in resistant cells, their parental cells, and other NSCLC cells, we confirmed that the loss of VOPP1 contributed to BETi resistance. Moreover, knockout of VOPP1 in the parental cells caused the increased expression of BCL-2, and the latter directly mediated BETi resistance. Through combined treatments with BETis and BCL-2 inhibitors (BCL-2i), we demonstrated that BCL-2is synergistically sensitized resistant cells to BETis. IMPLICATIONS Based on these results, for the first time, we establish a causal link from VOPP1 loss to BCL-2 gain and then to BETi resistance, which provides new insights into BETi resistance and paves the way for further testing to circumvent BETi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Qing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu X, Lin L, Lv T, Lu L, Li X, Han Y, Qiu Z, Li X, Li Y, Song X, Cao W, Li T. Combined multi-omics and network pharmacology approach reveals the role of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F in treating HIV immunological non-responders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154103. [PMID: 35468451 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HIV-1 infected immunological non-responders (INRs) are characterized by poor immune reconstitution after long-term treatment. Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) pill is a traditional Chinese patent drug with extensive immunosuppressive effects and has been clinically proven efficacy in treating INRs. PURPOSE The therapeutic mechanism of TwHF pills in the treatment of INRs was investigated by the combined multi-omics analysis on clinical samples and network pharmacology approach. METHODS Clinically, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples of TwHF-treated INRs from different time points were collected to conduct the transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Key effector pathways of TwHF were enriched and analyzed by the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Computationally, the TwHF-related compounds were obtained from traditional Chinese medicine databases, and literature search and structural prediction were performed to identify TwHF-related targets. Integrated with the INR-related targets, the 'TwHF-compounds-targets-INR' network was constructed to analyze core effector targets by centrality measurement. Experimentally, the effects of TwHF compounds on the T cells activation and expression of identified targets were evaluated with in vitro cell culture. RESULTS 33 INRs were included and treated with TwHF pills for 17 (IQR, 12-24) months. These patients experienced rapid growth in the CD4+ T cell counts and decreased T cell activation. The multi-omics analysis showed that the interferon (IFN)-signaling pathway was significantly inhibited after taking TwHF pills. The network pharmacology predicted the central role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in the 'TwHF-compounds-targets-INR' network. Further bioinformatic analysis predicted STAT1 would regulate over 58.8% of identified down-regulated genes. Cell experiments validated that triptolide (TPL) would serve as the major bioactivity compound of TwHF pills to inhibit the immune cell activation, the production of IFN-γ, the expression of downstream IFN-stimulated genes, and the phosphorylation of STAT1. CONCLUSION Our research is the first to systemic verify the mechanisms of TwHF in treating INRs. The IFN signaling pathway and the STAT1 would be the major effector targets of TwHF pills in treating INRs. The TPL would be the major bioactive compound to inhibit the IFN response and the phosphorylation of STAT1. Our observations suggest the basis for further application of TPL analogous in treating INRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingxia Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Kang D, Liu Y, Song Y, Fang B, Zhang Q, Hu L. Triptolide Shows High Sensitivity and Low Toxicity Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines Through Inhibiting WSTF-RNAPII Complex. Front Oncol 2022; 12:811850. [PMID: 35251980 PMCID: PMC8888427 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide exhibits superior and broad-spectrum antitumor activity. However, the narrow safety window caused by the toxicity of triptolide limits its clinical applications. Although several characterized targets for triptolide are reported, the association between triptolide and its targets in cancer therapy is not fully understood. Here, we show that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines are sensitive to triptolide by constructing an in vitro cell and in vivo xenograft models. Meanwhile, the triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity increases with increasing dosages within the xenograft models. Additionally, the expression levels of WSTF-RPB1 are strongly associated with the sensitivity to triptolide in hematological cancer cells and can be downregulated in a dose and time-dependent manner. Finally, we show that optimizing dosing regimens can achieve the same pharmaceutical effect and reduce toxicity. In summary, this study aims to search for triptolide-sensitive cell lines as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms in order to broaden the safety window of triptolide; thus, increasing its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqian Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Therapeutic Potential of Certain Terpenoids as Anticancer Agents: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051100. [PMID: 35267408 PMCID: PMC8909202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease and is considered to be among the leading causes of death worldwide. Chemoresistance, severe toxicity, relapse and metastasis are the major obstacles in cancer therapy. Therefore, introducing new therapeutic agents for cancer remains a priority to increase the range of effective treatments. Terpenoids, a large group of secondary metabolites, are derived from plant sources and are composed of several isoprene units. The high diversity of terpenoids has drawn attention to their potential anticancer and pharmacological activities. Some terpenoids exhibit an anticancer effect by triggering various stages of cancer progression, for example, suppressing the early stage of tumorigenesis via induction of cell cycle arrest, inhibiting cancer cell differentiation and activating apoptosis. At the late stage of cancer development, certain terpenoids are able to inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis via modulation of different intracellular signaling pathways. Significant progress in the identification of the mechanism of action and signaling pathways through which terpenoids exert their anticancer effects has been highlighted. Hence, in this review, the anticancer activities of twenty-five terpenoids are discussed in detail. In addition, this review provides insights on the current clinical trials and future directions towards the development of certain terpenoids as potential anticancer agents.
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Xu Y, Tan Y, Ma X, Jin X, Tian Y, Li M. Photodynamic Therapy with Tumor Cell Discrimination through RNA-Targeting Ability of Photosensitizer. Molecules 2021; 26:5990. [PMID: 34641533 PMCID: PMC8512109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an effective treatment to cure cancer. The targeting ability of the photosensitizer is of utmost importance. Photosensitizers that discriminate cancer cells can avoid the killing of normal cells and improve PDT efficacy. However, the design and synthesis of photosensitizers conjugated with a recognition unit of cancer cell markers is complex and may not effectively target cancer. Considering that the total RNA content in cancer cells is commonly higher than in normal cells, this study has developed the photosensitizer QICY with RNA-targeting abilities for the discrimination of cancer cells. QICY was specifically located in cancer cells rather than normal cells due to their stronger electrostatic interactions with RNA, thereby further improving the PDT effects on the cancer cells. After intravenous injection into mice bearing a xenograft tumor, QICY accumulated into the tumor location through the enhanced permeability and retention effect, automatically targeted cancer cells under the control of RNA, and inhibited tumor growth under 630 nm laser irradiation without obvious side effects. This intelligent photosensitizer with RNA-targeting ability not only simplifies the design and synthesis of cancer-cell-targeting photosensitizers but also paves the way for the further development of highly efficient PDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yang Tan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.T.); (X.M.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiuqin Ma
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.T.); (X.M.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiaoyi Jin
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.T.); (X.M.); (X.J.)
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.T.); (X.M.); (X.J.)
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Network pharmacology of triptolide in cancer cells: implications for transcription factor binding. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1523-1537. [PMID: 34213719 PMCID: PMC8541937 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Triptolide is an active natural product, which inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis, suppresses tumor metastasis and improves the effect of other therapeutic treatments in several cancer cell lines by affecting multiple molecules and signaling pathways, such as caspases, heat-shock proteins, DNA damage and NF-ĸB. Purpose We investigated the effect of triptolide towards NF-ĸB and GATA1. Methods We used cell viability assay, compare and cluster analyses of microarray-based mRNA transcriptome-wide expression data, gene promoter binding motif analysis, molecular docking, Ingenuity pathway analysis, NF-ĸB reporter cell assay, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) of GATA1. Results Triptolide inhibited the growth of drug-sensitive (CCRF-CEM, U87.MG) and drug-resistant cell lines (CEM/ADR5000, U87.MGΔEGFR). Hierarchical cluster analysis showed six major clusters in dendrogram. The sensitive and resistant cell lines were statistically significant (p = 0.65 × 10-2) distributed. The binding motifs of NF-κB (Rel) and of GATA1 proteins were significantly enriched in regions of 25 kb upstream promoter of all genes. IPA showed the networks, biological functions, and canonical pathways influencing the activity of triptolide towards tumor cells. Interestingly, upstream analysis for the 40 genes identified by compare analysis revealed ZFPM1 (friend of GATA protein 1) as top transcription regulator. However, we did not observe any effect of triptolide to the binding of GATA1 in vitro. We confirmed that triptolide inhibited NF-κB activity, and it strongly bound to the pharmacophores of IκB kinase β and NF-κB in silico. Conclusion Triptolide showed promising inhibitory effect toward NF-κB, making it a potential candidate for targeting NF-κB.
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11
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Gao J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wu X, Huang L, Gao W. Triptolide: pharmacological spectrum, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and derivatives. Theranostics 2021; 11:7199-7221. [PMID: 34158845 PMCID: PMC8210588 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, an abietane-type diterpenoid isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F., has significant pharmacological activity. Research results show that triptolide has obvious inhibitory effects on many solid tumors. Therefore, triptolide has become one of the lead compounds candidates for being the next "blockbuster" drug, and multiple triptolide derivatives have entered clinical research. An increasing number of researchers have developed triptolide synthesis methods to meet the clinical need. To provide new ideas for researchers in different disciplines and connect different disciplines with researchers aiming to solve scientific problems more efficiently, this article reviews the research progress made with analyzes of triptolide pharmacological activity, biosynthetic pathways, and chemical synthesis pathways and reported in toxicological and clinical studies of derivatives over the past 20 years, which have laid the foundation for subsequent researchers to study triptolide in many ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xihong Liu
- Basic Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiayi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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12
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Zhou D, Liu S, Hu Y, Yang S, Zhao B, Zheng K, Zhang Y, He P, Mo G, Li Y. Tumor-mediated shape-transformable nanogels with pH/redox/enzymatic-sensitivity for anticancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3801-3813. [PMID: 32227025 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lack of sufficient tumor penetration of the current nanomedicines is a major reason limiting their clinical success in cancer therapy. In this work, we aimed at the development of a novel biodegradable nanoplatform for the selective and controlled delivery of anticancer agents, with improved tumor permeability and the ability to release ultrasmall nanovesicles in the tumor microenvironment. To this end, positively charged nanogels were obtained through the double-crosslinking of chitosan with an ionic physical gelator and a disulfide-containing chemical crosslinker. After conjugation to an anionic oligomer, the cationic nanogels were transformed into negatively charged nanocarriers (CTCP), enabling effective encapsulation of the cationic anticancer agent doxorubicin (DOX) to generate a biodegradable nanomedicine (DOX@CTCP). DOX@CTCP could maintain sustained DOX release and decreased DOX toxicity. Upon arrival at the tumor tissue, the reductive and lysozyme-high microenvironment drives the cleavage of the nanomedicine to release DOX-carrying nanoblocks of smaller size, which together with their acidic-protonable feature achieves an effective therapeutic delivery into cancer cells. The nanomedicine described here showed excellent biocompatibility/biosafety and enhanced in vivo antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Sainan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yongjun Hu
- China Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Shiwei Yang
- China Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Kaikai Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Peixin He
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Guoyan Mo
- China Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Yulin Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China. and The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Hu P, Wang B, Chen T, Xu Y, Zheng G, Zhu Y, Du X. RNA polymerase II subunit 3 regulates vesicular, overexpressed in cancer, prosurvival protein 1 expression to promote hepatocellular carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521990512. [PMID: 33845647 PMCID: PMC8047087 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521990512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationships between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the expression of RNA polymerase II subunit 3 (RPB3) and vesicular, overexpressed in cancer, prosurvival protein 1 (VOPP1), and to determine whether RPB3 regulates VOPP1 expression to promote HCC cell proliferation, tumor growth, and tumorigenesis. METHODS HCC and adjacent liver samples were collected from 51 patients with HCC who underwent surgical excision between September 20, 2010 and June 22, 2017. Immunohistochemical staining, western blot, quantitative PCR, plate colony assay, and RNA microarray were used to detect relevant indexes for further analyses. RESULTS VOPP1 was shown to function as a target gene of RPB3 in facilitating HCC proliferation, and was downregulated after RBP3 silencing. Additionally, hepatic tumor tissues demonstrated high VOPP1 expression. Furthermore, VOPP1 silencing suppressed tumor growth and cell proliferation and elicited apoptosis. CONCLUSION RPB3 regulates VOPP1 expression to promote HCC cell proliferation, tumor growth, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongfu Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Enze Hospital,Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqun Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Enze Hospital,Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Enze Hospital,Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Zhang N, Tian YN, Zhou LN, Li MZ, Chen HD, Song SS, Huan XJ, Bao XB, Zhang A, Miao ZH, He JX. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibition synergizes with PARP inhibitors through the induction of homologous recombination deficiency in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:183. [PMID: 33589588 PMCID: PMC7884722 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monotherapy with poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors results in a limited objective response rate (≤60% in most cases) in patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR)-deficient cancer, which suggests a high rate of resistance in this subset of patients to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). To overcome resistance to PARPi and to broaden their clinical use, we performed high-throughput screening of 99 anticancer drugs in combination with PARPi to identify potential therapeutic combinations. Here, we found that GSK3 inhibitors (GSK3i) exhibited a strong synergistic effect with PARPi in a panel of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines with diverse genetic backgrounds. The combination of GSK3β and PARP inhibition causes replication stress and DNA double-strand breaks, resulting in increased anaphase bridges and abnormal spindles. Mechanistically, inhibition or genetic depletion of GSK3β was found to impair the HRR of DNA and reduce the mRNA and protein level of BRCA1. Finally, we demonstrated that inhibition or depletion of GSK3β could enhance the in vivo sensitivity to simmiparib without toxicity. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of the combination of PARP and GSK3 inhibition, and support the clinical development of this combination therapy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Nan Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Na Zhou
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Li
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua-Dong Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu-Bin Bao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jin-Xue He
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Tian Y, Li P, Xiao Z, Zhou J, Xue X, Jiang N, Peng C, Wu L, Tian H, Popper H, Poh ME, Marcucci F, Zhang C, Zhao X. Triptolide inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype through the p70S6k/GSK3/β-catenin signaling pathway in taxol-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1007-1019. [PMID: 33718039 PMCID: PMC7947389 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, chemoresistance develops over time and is a bottleneck to effective chemotherapy worldwide. Therefore, the development of new potent therapeutic agents to overcome chemoresistance is of utmost importance. Triptolide is a natural component extracted from Tripterygium Wilfordii, a Chinese plant; our study aimed to evaluate its anti-tumor effects in taxol-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma and investigate its molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance. Methods Triptolide’s inhibition of cell viability was detected by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry and cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot. Expression of β-catenin was analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence (IF). The anti-tumor effects of triptolide were determined using a subcutaneous in-vivo model. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. The expression level of p-p70S6K and p-GSK-3α/β was evaluated by western blot and IHC. Results Triptolide inhibited cell proliferation, induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in taxol-resistant A549 (A549/TaxR) cells. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of triptolide resulted in a significant delay of tumor growth without obvious systemic toxicity in mice. Additionally, triptolide reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through repression of the p70S6K/GSK3/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that triptolide can reverse EMT in taxol-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells and impairs tumor growth by inhibiting the p70S6K/GSK3/β-catenin pathway, indicating that triptolide has potential to be used as a new therapeutic agent for taxol-resistant lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peiwei Li
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaohua Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Thoracic Cancer, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Thoracic Cancer, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanliang Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Thoracic Cancer, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Licun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Thoracic Cancer, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cheeloo Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Helmut Popper
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mau-Ern Poh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Chengke Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Thoracic Cancer, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Thoracic Cancer, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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16
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Ren Q, Li M, Deng Y, Lu A, Lu J. Triptolide delivery: Nanotechnology-based carrier systems to enhance efficacy and limit toxicity. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105377. [PMID: 33484817 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) possesses a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities involved in the treatment of various diseases. However, widespread usages of TP raise the urgent issues of the severe toxicity, which hugely limits its further clinical application. The novel functional nanostructured delivery system, which is of great significance in enhancing the efficacy, reducing side effects and improving bioavailability, could improve the enrichment, penetration and controlled release of drugs in the lesion location. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been dedicated to designing and developing a variety of TP delivery systems with the intention of alleviating the adverse toxicity effects and enhancing the bioavailability. In this review, we briefly summarized and discussed the recent functionalized nano-TP delivery systems for the momentous purpose of guiding further development of novel TP delivery systems and providing perspectives for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Meimei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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17
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Tong L, Zhao Q, Datan E, Lin GQ, Minn I, Pomper MG, Yu B, Romo D, He QL, Liu JO. Triptolide: reflections on two decades of research and prospects for the future. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:843-860. [PMID: 33146205 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2020 Triptolide is a bioactive diterpene triepoxide isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant whose extracts have been used as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive remedies for centuries. Although triptolide and its analogs exhibit potent bioactivities against various cancers, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, none of them has been approved to be used in the clinic. This review highlights advances in material sourcing, molecular mechanisms, clinical progress and new drug design strategies for triptolide over the past two decades, along with some prospects for the future course of development of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tong
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Qunfei Zhao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Emmanuel Datan
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Hunterian Building, Room 516, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China. and CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The CPRIT Synthesis and Drug Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76710, USA
| | - Qing-Li He
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Hunterian Building, Room 516, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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18
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Tian YN, Chen HD, Tian CQ, Wang YQ, Miao ZH. Polymerase independent repression of FoxO1 transcription by sequence-specific PARP1 binding to FoxO1 promoter. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:71. [PMID: 31992690 PMCID: PMC6987093 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) regulates gene transcription in addition to functioning as a DNA repair factor. Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor involved in extensive biological processes. Here, we report that PARP1 binds to two separate motifs on the FoxO1 promoter and represses its transcription in a polymerase-independent manner. Using PARP1-knock out (KO) cells, wild-type-PARP1-complemented cells and catalytic mutant PARP1E988K-reconstituted cells, we investigated transcriptional regulation by PARP1. PARP1 loss led to reduced DNA damage response and ~362-fold resistance to five PARP inhibitors (PARPis) in Ewing sarcoma cells. RNA sequencing showed 492 differentially expressed genes in a PARP1-KO subline, in which the FoxO1 mRNA levels increased up to more than five times. The change in the FoxO1 expression was confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels in different PARP1-KO and complemented cells. Moreover, exogenous PARP1 overexpression reduced the endogenous FoxO1 protein in RD-ES cells. Competitive EMSA and ChIP assays revealed that PARP1 specifically bound to the FoxO1 promoter. DNase I footprinting, mutation analyses, and DNA pulldown FREP assays showed that PARP1 bound to two particular nucleotide sequences separately located at −813 to −826 bp and −1805 to −1828 bp regions on the FoxO1 promoter. Either the PARPi olaparib or the PARP1 catalytic mutation (E988K) did not impair the repression of PARP1 on the FoxO1 expression. Exogenous FoxO1 overexpression did not impair cellular PARPi sensitivity. These findings demonstrate a new PARP1-gene promoter binding mode and a new transcriptional FoxO1 gene repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nan Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua-Dong Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang-Qing Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Qing Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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Fluzoparib increases radiation sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells without BRCA1/2 mutation, a novel PARP1 inhibitor undergoing clinical trials. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 146:721-737. [PMID: 31786739 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PROPOSE Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors were originally investigated as anti-cancer therapeutics with BRCA1/2 genes mutation. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of a novel PARP1 inhibitor fluzoparib, for enhancing the radiation sensitivity of NSCLC cells lacking BRCA1/2 mutation. METHODS We used MTS assays, western blotting, colony formation assays, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry to evaluate the radiosensitization of NSCLC cells to fluzoparib and explore the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Through BRCA1 and RAD50 genes knockdown, we established dysfunctional homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway models in NSCLC cells. We next investigated the radiosensitization effect of fluzoparib in vivo using human NSCLC xenograft models in mice. The expression of PARP1 and BRCA1 in human NSCLC tumor samples was measured by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we sequenced HR-related gene mutations and analyzed their frequencies in advanced NSCLC. RESULTS In vitro experiments in NSCLC cell lines along with in vivo experiments using an NSCLC xenograft mouse model demonstrated the radiosensitization effect of fluzoparib. The underlying mechanisms involved increased apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, enhanced irradiation-induced DNA damage, and delayed DNA-damage repair. Immunohistochemical staining showed no correlation between the expression of PARP1 and BRCA1. Moreover, our sequencing results revealed high mutation frequencies for the BRCA1/2, CHEK2, ATR, and RAD50 genes. CONCLUSION The potential therapeutic value of fluzoparib for increasing the radiation sensitivity of NSCLC is well confirmed. Moreover, our findings of high mutation frequencies among HR genes suggest that PARP1 inhibition may be an effective treatment strategy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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Xie M, Wu J, Ji L, Jiang X, Zhang J, Ge M, Cai X. Development of Triptolide Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System and Its Anti-tumor Effect on Gastric Cancer Xenografts. Front Oncol 2019; 9:978. [PMID: 31637212 PMCID: PMC6788343 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To develop a triptolide (TP) self-microemulsifying drug delivery system and to investigate its anti-tumor effect on human gastric cancer line MGC80-3 xenografts in nude mice. Methods: The medium chain triglyceride (MCT) was selected as oil phase; polyoxyethylene castor oil (EL) was selected as surfactant, and PEG-400 was selected as cosurfactant. The mass ratio of each phase was optimized by central composite design and response surface methodology to prepare TP-SMEDDS (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system). The quality of TP-SMEDDS was evaluated, and its inhibitory effect on tumor growth investigated in nude mice transplanted with MGC80-3 cells. Results: The final prescription process was defined as follows: MCT mass ratio: 25.3%; EL mass ratio: 49.6%; PEG-400 mass ratio: 25.1%. The prepared TP-SMEDDS was a transparent liquid with a clear appearance (the theoretical particle size: 31.168 nm). On transmission electron microscopy, the microemulsion particles were spherical in size and uniformly distributed without adhesions. The in vitro release experiment showed complete release of the prepared TP-SMEDDS in PBS solution in 6 h. In vivo antitumor activity showed its inhibitory effect in the xenograft model. Conclusion: The self-microemulsifying delivery system improved the oral bioavailability and the in vivo antitumor effect of TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqaing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Schelletter L, Albaum S, Walter S, Noll T, Hoffrogge R. Clonal variations in CHO IGF signaling investigated by SILAC-based phosphoproteomics and LFQ-MS. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8127-8143. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Chen HD, Chen CH, Wang YT, Guo N, Tian YN, Huan XJ, Song SS, He JX, Miao ZH. Increased PARP1-DNA binding due to autoPARylation inhibition of PARP1 on DNA rather than PARP1-DNA trapping is correlated with PARP1 inhibitor's cytotoxicity. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:714-727. [PMID: 30675909 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PARP1 inhibitors (PARPis) are used clinically during cancer therapy and are thought to exert their cytotoxicity through PARP1 polymerase inhibition and PARP1-DNA trapping. Here, we showed no significant correlation between PARP1-DNA trapping and cytotoxicity induced by PARPis. We complemented PARP1-knockout sublines with wild-type PARP1 and 11 mutants with different point mutations that affect the polymerase activity. When examining the PARPi talazoparib, the induced cytotoxicity was highly significantly correlated with cellular PARP1 polymerase activity, but not with its PARP1-DNA trapping or polymerase inhibition. Similarly, talazoparib's PARP1-DNA trapping revealed significant correlation with the polymerase activity rather than its inhibition. Differently, however, when evaluating purified wild-type and mutated PARP1, we identified an almost linear relationship between PARPis' inhibiting PARP1 dissociation from DNA and their cytotoxicity in 17 cancer cell lines. In contrast, no significant correlation existed between PARP1 polymerase inhibition in the histone-based systems and the cytotoxicity. After careful comparisons on different methods and detection targets, we conclude that the PARPi-mediated increase in PARP1-DNA binding by inhibiting autoPARylation of PARP1 on DNA rather than in PARP1-DNA trapping is correlated with PARPi's cytotoxicity. Accordingly, we established a new PARPi screening model that more closely predicts cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Dong Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Huizi Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ne Guo
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Nan Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Xue He
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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23
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Broad targeting of triptolide to resistance and sensitization for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:771-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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24
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Chen SR, Dai Y, Zhao J, Lin L, Wang Y, Wang Y. A Mechanistic Overview of Triptolide and Celastrol, Natural Products from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:104. [PMID: 29491837 PMCID: PMC5817256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide and celastrol are predominantly active natural products isolated from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. These compounds exhibit similar pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Triptolide and celastrol also provide neuroprotection and prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, toxicity restricts the further development of triptolide and celastrol. In this review, we comprehensively review therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action, and translational study of triptolide and celastrol. We systemically discuss the structure-activity-relationship of triptolide, celastrol, and their derivatives. Furthermore, we propose the use of structural derivatives, targeted therapy, and combination treatment as possible solutions to reduce toxicity and increase therapeutic window of these potent natural products from T. wilfordii Hook F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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25
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Wang YT, Yuan B, Chen HD, Xu L, Tian YN, Zhang A, He JX, Miao ZH. Acquired resistance of phosphatase and tensin homolog-deficient cells to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor and Ara-C mediated by 53BP1 loss and SAMHD1 overexpression. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:821-831. [PMID: 29274141 PMCID: PMC5834817 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing uses of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) for cancer therapy, understanding their resistance is becoming urgent. However, acquired PARPi resistance in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)‐deficient background is poorly understood. We generated 3 PARPi‐resistant PTEN‐deficient glioblastoma U251 variants separately with olaparib (U251/OP), talazoparib (U251/TP) and simmiparib (U251/SP). These variants displayed consistent resistance (2.46‐71.78‐fold) to all 5 PARPi, including niraparib and rucaparib, and showed higher degrees of resistance to the PARPi to which the parental cells were more sensitive. The resistance was characteristic of fast emergence and high stability. However, the resistance acquirement did not cause an increasingly aggressive phenotype. The resistance was not correlated to various factors, including PTEN mutations. The PARPi‐treated variants produced less γH2AX and G2/M arrest. Consistently, loss of 53BP1 occurred in all variants and its compensation enhanced their sensitivity to PARPi by approximately 76%. The variants revealed slightly different cross‐resistance profiles to 13 non‐PARPi anticancer drugs. All were resistant to Ara‐C (6‐8‐fold) but showed differential resistance to 5‐fluorouracil, gemcitabine and paclitaxel. Almost no resistance was observed to the rest drugs, including cisplatin. SAMHD1 was overexpressed in all the variants and its knockout completely restored their sensitivity to Ara‐C but did not affect their PARPi sensitivity. The present study demonstrates a consistent resistance profile to PARPi and a unique cross‐resistance profile to non‐PARPi drugs in different PARPi‐resistant U251 cells and reveals 53BP1 loss and SAMHD1 overexpression as the primary mechanisms responsible for their resistance to PARPi and Ara‐C, respectively. These effects probably result from heritable gene change(s) caused by persistent PARPi exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Dong Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Nan Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Xue He
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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26
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Han F, Xue M, Chang Y, Li X, Yang Y, Sun B, Chen L. Triptolide Suppresses Glomerular Mesangial Cell Proliferation in Diabetic Nephropathy Is Associated with Inhibition of PDK1/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1266-1275. [PMID: 29104493 PMCID: PMC5666525 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.20485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesangial cell proliferation has been identified as a mainly contributing factor to glomerulosclerosis, which is typical of diabetic nephropathy. However, the specific mechanisms and therapies remain unclear. PDK1 is a critical regulator of cell proliferation, but the specific role of PDK1 in diabetic nephropathy has not been fully illuminated. In the current study, we demonstrated that triptolide (TP) ameliorated albuminuria in the high fat diet/STZ-induced diabetic rats. TP also suppressed the increased proliferating cell markers Ki-67 and PCNA in the kidney tissues. Our results of MTT and cell cycle analysis further confirmed that TP significantly inhibited mesangial cell proliferation, and the inhibition of PDK1/Akt/mTOR pathway might be the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we also found that the PDK1 activator (PS48) could reverse the cell proliferation inhibition role of TP. These data suggest that TP may be useful in prevention of diabetic glomerulosclerosis and that PDK1/Akt/mTOR pathway might be the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yunpeng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
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27
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Han F, Wang S, Chang Y, Li C, Yang J, Han Z, Chang B, Sun B, Chen L. Triptolide prevents extracellular matrix accumulation in experimental diabetic kidney disease by targeting microRNA-137/Notch1 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2225-2237. [PMID: 28695984 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in multiple biological functions via suppressing target genes. Triptolide is a monomeric compound isolated from a traditional Chinese herb, which exerts protective roles in many kinds of glomerular diseases. However, our understanding of the triptolide effect on miRNAome is still limited. In this study, we found that triptolide significantly decreased albuminuria and improved glomerulosclerosis in rats with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). And triptolide also inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation and the notch1 pathway activation under diabetic conditions. MiR-137 was significantly decreased in the HG (high glucose)-treated HRMCs and in the kidney tissues of the diabetic rats, but was upregulated by triptolide. In addition, overexpression of miR-137 exerted similar effects to those of triptolide, while miR-137 inhibition aggravated ECM protein accumulation. Luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that miR-137 directly targets Notch1. Furthermore, the miR-137-dependent effects were due to Notch1 suppression that in turn inhibited ECM protein expression, key mediators of glomerulosclerosis. Finally, downregulation of miR-137 reversed the ECM inhibition role of triptolide in HG cultured HRMCs. Taken together, these findings indicate that triptolide is a potential therapeutic option for DKD and that miR-137/Notch1 pathway play roles in the anti-glomerulosclerosis mechanism of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunpeng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocheng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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28
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Zou Z, Zou R, Zong D, Shi Y, Chen J, Huang J, Zhu J, Chen L, Bao X, Liu Y, Liu W, Huang W, Hu J, Chen Z, Lao X, Chen C, Huang X, Lu Y, Ni X, Fang D, Wu D, Lu S, Jiang M, Qiu C, Wu Y, Qiu Q, Dong Y, Su Y, Zhao C, Zhong Z, Cai J, Liang Y. miR-495 sensitizes MDR cancer cells to the combination of doxorubicin and taxol by inhibiting MDR1 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1929-1943. [PMID: 28411377 PMCID: PMC5571520 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MDR1 is highly expressed in MDR A2780DX5 ovarian cancer cells, MDR SGC7901R gastric cancer cells and recurrent tumours. It pumps cytoplasmic agents out of cells, leading to decreased drug accumulation in cells and making cancer cells susceptible to multidrug resistance. Here, we identified that miR-495 was predicted to target ABCB1, which encodes protein MDR1. To reduce the drug efflux and reverse MDR in cancer cells, we overexpressed a miR-495 mimic in SGC7901R and A2780DX cells and in transplanted MDR ovarian tumours in vivo. The results indicated that the expression of MDR1 in the above cells or tumours was suppressed and that subsequently the drug accumulation in the MDR cells was decreased, cell death was increased, and tumour growth was inhibited after treatment with taxol-doxorubicin, demonstrating increased drug sensitivity. This study suggests that pre-treatment with miR-495 before chemotherapy could improve the curative effect on MDR1-based MDR cancer.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Rifampin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyou Zou
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
- Biochemistry Department of Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Ruyi Zou
- Chemistry Department of Shangrao Normal UniversityShangraoJXChina
| | - Dan Zong
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Life science College of Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJSChina
| | - Jinyao Chen
- Radiology Department of Taizhou HospitalTaizhouZJChina
| | - Jie Huang
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Liguan Chen
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Yuan Liu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Weihao Liu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | | | - Jingsang Hu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Zhi Chen
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Xiaojie Lao
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | | | | | - Yao Lu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Xueyin Ni
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuya Wu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Qisha Qiu
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | | | - Yangyang Su
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | | | - Zhihe Zhong
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Jing Cai
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
| | - Yong Liang
- Tumor InstituteTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZJChina
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29
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Yang ZM, Liao XM, Chen Y, Shen YY, Yang XY, Su Y, Sun YM, Gao YL, Ding J, Zhang A, He JX, Miao ZH. Combining 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker to predict the sensitivity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1038-1047. [PMID: 28414200 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half of patients with BRCA1-deficient cancers do not respond to treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In this study, we report that a combination of 53BP1 and BRCA1 may serve as a biomarker of PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Based on the mRNA levels of four homologous recombination repair (HR) genes and PARP inhibitor sensitivity, we selected BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 cells to conduct RNA interference. Reducing expression of 53BP1, but not the other three HR genes, was found to lower simmiparib sensitivity. Additionally, we generated 53BP1-/-/BRCA1-/- clonal variants by the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique and found that depleting 53BP1 impaired PARP inhibitor sensitivity with a 36.7-fold increase in their IC50 values. Consistent with its effect on PARP inhibitor sensitivity, 53BP1 loss alleviated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and partially restored HR function. Importantly, 53BP1 depletion dramatically reduced the ability of PARP inhibitors to suppress tumor growth in vivo. The inhibition rate of simmiparib was 74.16% for BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 xenografts, but only 7.79% for 53BP1/BRCA1-deficient xenografts. Re-expressing 53BP1 in the dual-deficient cells restored PARP inhibitor sensitivity and the levels of HR regulators. Considering that at least 10% of BRCA1-deficient breast and ovarian cancers have reduced expression of 53BP1, using a combination of 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker for patient selection should reduce the number of patients undergoing futile treatment with PARP inhibitors.
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Han Y, Huang W, Liu J, Liu D, Cui Y, Huang R, Yan J, Lei M. Triptolide Inhibits the AR Signaling Pathway to Suppress the Proliferation of Enzalutamide Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Theranostics 2017; 7:1914-1927. [PMID: 28638477 PMCID: PMC5479278 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Unfortunately, AR dysfunction means that resistance to enzalutamide will eventually develop. Thus, novel agents are urgently needed to treat this devastating disease. Triptolide (TPL), a key active compound extracted from the Chinese herb Thunder God Vine (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.), possesses anti-cancer activity in human prostate cancer cells. However, the effects of TPL against CRPC cells and the underlying mechanism of any such effect are unknown. In this study, we found that TPL at low dose inhibits the transactivation activity of both full-length and truncated AR without changing their protein levels. Interestingly, TPL inhibits phosphorylation of AR and its CRPC-associated variant AR-V7 at Ser515 through XPB/CDK7. As a result, TPL suppresses the binding of AR to promoter regions in AR target genes along with reduced TFIIH and RNA Pol II recruitment. Moreover, TPL at low dose reduces the viability of prostate cancer cells expressing AR or AR-Vs. Low-dose TPL also shows a synergistic effect with enzalutamide to inhibit CRPC cell survival in vitro, and enhances the anti-cancer effect of enzalutamide on CRPC xenografts with minimal side effects. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TPL targets the transactivation activity of both full-length and truncated ARs. Our results also suggest that TPL is a potential drug for CRPC, and can be used in combination with enzalutamide to treat CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Han
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiakuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Combining 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker to predict the sensitivity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017. [PMID: 28414200 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.8] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half of patients with BRCA1-deficient cancers do not respond to treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In this study, we report that a combination of 53BP1 and BRCA1 may serve as a biomarker of PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Based on the mRNA levels of four homologous recombination repair (HR) genes and PARP inhibitor sensitivity, we selected BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 cells to conduct RNA interference. Reducing expression of 53BP1, but not the other three HR genes, was found to lower simmiparib sensitivity. Additionally, we generated 53BP1-/-/BRCA1-/- clonal variants by the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique and found that depleting 53BP1 impaired PARP inhibitor sensitivity with a 36.7-fold increase in their IC50 values. Consistent with its effect on PARP inhibitor sensitivity, 53BP1 loss alleviated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and partially restored HR function. Importantly, 53BP1 depletion dramatically reduced the ability of PARP inhibitors to suppress tumor growth in vivo. The inhibition rate of simmiparib was 74.16% for BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 xenografts, but only 7.79% for 53BP1/BRCA1-deficient xenografts. Re-expressing 53BP1 in the dual-deficient cells restored PARP inhibitor sensitivity and the levels of HR regulators. Considering that at least 10% of BRCA1-deficient breast and ovarian cancers have reduced expression of 53BP1, using a combination of 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker for patient selection should reduce the number of patients undergoing futile treatment with PARP inhibitors.
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Combining 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker to predict the sensitivity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017. [PMID: 28414200 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.8]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half of patients with BRCA1-deficient cancers do not respond to treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In this study, we report that a combination of 53BP1 and BRCA1 may serve as a biomarker of PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Based on the mRNA levels of four homologous recombination repair (HR) genes and PARP inhibitor sensitivity, we selected BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 cells to conduct RNA interference. Reducing expression of 53BP1, but not the other three HR genes, was found to lower simmiparib sensitivity. Additionally, we generated 53BP1-/-/BRCA1-/- clonal variants by the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique and found that depleting 53BP1 impaired PARP inhibitor sensitivity with a 36.7-fold increase in their IC50 values. Consistent with its effect on PARP inhibitor sensitivity, 53BP1 loss alleviated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and partially restored HR function. Importantly, 53BP1 depletion dramatically reduced the ability of PARP inhibitors to suppress tumor growth in vivo. The inhibition rate of simmiparib was 74.16% for BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 xenografts, but only 7.79% for 53BP1/BRCA1-deficient xenografts. Re-expressing 53BP1 in the dual-deficient cells restored PARP inhibitor sensitivity and the levels of HR regulators. Considering that at least 10% of BRCA1-deficient breast and ovarian cancers have reduced expression of 53BP1, using a combination of 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker for patient selection should reduce the number of patients undergoing futile treatment with PARP inhibitors.
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Yuan B, Ye N, Song SS, Wang YT, Song Z, Chen HD, Chen CH, Huan XJ, Wang YQ, Su Y, Shen YY, Sun YM, Yang XY, Chen Y, Guo SY, Gan Y, Gao ZW, Chen XY, Ding J, He JX, Zhang A, Miao ZH. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibition and anticancer activity of simmiparib, a new inhibitor undergoing clinical trials. Cancer Lett 2017; 386:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Nucleotide Excision Repair: From Neurodegeneration to Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1007:17-39. [PMID: 28840550 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage poses a constant threat to genome integrity taking a variety of shapes and arising by normal cellular metabolism or environmental insults. Human syndromes, characterized by increased cancer pre-disposition or early onset of age-related pathology and developmental abnormalities, often result from defective DNA damage responses and compromised genome integrity. Over the last decades intensive research worldwide has made important contributions to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying genomic instability and has substantiated the importance of DNA repair in cancer prevention in the general population. In this chapter, we discuss Nucleotide Excision Repair pathway, the causative role of its components in disease-related pathology and recent technological achievements that decipher mutational landscapes and may facilitate pathological classification and personalized therapy.
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Zurita M, Cruz-Becerra G. TFIIH: New Discoveries Regarding its Mechanisms and Impact on Cancer Treatment. J Cancer 2016; 7:2258-2265. [PMID: 27994662 PMCID: PMC5166535 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of gene expression is a characteristic of cancer cells, and malignant cells require very high levels of transcription to maintain their cancerous phenotype and survive. Therefore, components of the basal transcription machinery may be considered as targets to preferentially kill cancerous cells. TFIIH is a multisubunit basal transcription factor that also functions in nucleotide excision repair. The recent discoveries of some small molecules that interfere with TFIIH and that preferentially kill cancer cells have increased researchers' interest to elucidate the complex mechanisms by which TFIIH operates. In this review, we summarize the knowledge generated during the 25 years of TFIIH research, highlighting the recent advances in TFIIH structural and mechanistic analyses that suggest the potential of TFIIH as a target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
| | - Grisel Cruz-Becerra
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
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