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Leong VWS, Khan S, Sharma P, Wu S, Thomas RR, Li X, Singh SK, Lang FF, Yung AWK, Koul D. MGMT function determines the differential response of ATR inhibitors with DNA-damaging agents in glioma stem cells for GBM therapy. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdad165. [PMID: 38213834 PMCID: PMC10783493 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The most prevalent cancer treatments cause cell death through DNA damage. However, DNA damage response (DDR) repair pathways, initiated by tumor cells, can withstand the effects of anticancer drugs, providing justification for combining DDR inhibitors with DNA-damaging anticancer treatments. Methods Cell viability assays were performed with CellTiter-Glo assay. DNA damage was evaluated using Western blotting analysis. RNA-seq and single-cell level expression were used to identify the DDR signatures. In vivo, studies were conducted in mice to determine the effect of ATris on TMZ sensitization. Results We found a subpopulation of glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs) with substantial synergism with temozolomide (TMZ) using a panel of 3 clinical-grade ataxia-telangiectasia- and Rad3-related kinase inhibitors (ATRis), (elimusertib, berzosertib, and ceralasertib). Interestingly, most synergistic cell lines had O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, indicating that ATRi mainly benefits tumors with no MGMT repair. Further, TMZ activated the ATR-checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) axis in an MGMT-dependent way. TMZ caused ATR-dependent Chk1 phosphorylation and DNA double-strand breaks as shown by increased γH2AX. Increased DNA damage and decreased Chk1 phosphorylation were observed upon the addition of ATRis to TMZ in MGMT-methylated (MGMT-) GSCs. TMZ also improved sensitivity to ATRis in vivo, as shown by increased mouse survival with the TMZ and ATRi combination treatment. Conclusions This research provides a rationale for selectively targeting MGMT-methylated cells using ATRis and TMZ combination. Overall, we believe that MGMT methylation status in GBM could serve as a robust biomarker for patient selection for ATRi combined with TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W S Leong
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaofang Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Riya R Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alfred W K Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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2
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Malvi P, Chava S, Cai G, Hu K, Zhu LJ, Edwards YJK, Green MR, Gupta R, Wajapeyee N. HOXC6 drives a therapeutically targetable pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis pathway by regulating MSK1 and PPP2R2B. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101285. [PMID: 37951219 PMCID: PMC10694669 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, which lacks effective therapies. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor, homeobox C6 (HOXC6), is overexpressed in most PDACs, and its inhibition blocks PDAC tumor growth and metastasis. HOXC6 transcriptionally activates tumor-promoting kinase MSK1 and suppresses tumor-inhibitory protein PPP2R2B in PDAC. HOXC6-induced PPP2R2B suppression causes mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation, which facilitates PDAC growth. Also, MSK1 upregulation by HOXC6 is necessary for PDAC growth because of its ability to suppress apoptosis via its substrate DDX17. Combinatorial pharmacological inhibition of MSK1 and mTOR potently suppressed PDAC tumor growth and metastasis in PDAC mouse models. PDAC cells with acquired resistance to MSK1/mTOR-inhibitors displayed activated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling and were successfully eradicated by IGF1R inhibitor. Furthermore, MEK inhibitor trametinib enhanced the efficacy of dual MSK1 and mTOR inhibition. Collectively, these results identify therapeutic vulnerabilities of PDAC and an approach to overcome acquired drug resistance to prolong therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Guoping Cai
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yvonne J K Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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3
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Progress in targeting PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis in glioblastoma therapy: Revisiting molecular interactions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114204. [PMID: 36916430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant cancers of central nervous system and due to its sensitive location, surgical resection has high risk and therefore, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are utilized for its treatment. However, chemoresistance and radio-resistance are other problems in GBM treatment. Hence, new therapies based on genes are recommended for treatment of GBM. PTEN is a tumor-suppressor operator in cancer that inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in diminishing growth, metastasis and drug resistance. In the current review, the function of PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis in GBM progression is evaluated. Mutation or depletion of PTEN leads to increase in GBM progression. Low expression level of PTEN mediates poor prognosis in GBM and by increasing proliferation and invasion, promotes malignancy of tumor cells. Moreover, loss of PTEN signaling can result in therapy resistance in GBM. Activation of PTEN signaling impairs GBM metabolism via glycolysis inhibition. In contrast to PTEN, PI3K/Akt signaling has oncogenic function and during tumor progression, expression level of PI3K/Akt enhances. PI3K/Akt signaling shows positive association with oncogenic pathways and its expression similar to PTEN signaling, is regulated by non-coding RNAs. PTEN upregulation and PI3K/Akt signaling inhibition by anti-cancer agents can be beneficial in interfering GBM progression. This review emphasizes on the signaling networks related to PTEN/PI3K/Akt and provides new insights for targeting this axis in effective GBM treatment.
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Bader JM, Deigendesch N, Misch M, Mann M, Koch A, Meissner F. Proteomics separates adult-type diffuse high-grade gliomas in metabolic subgroups independent of 1p/19q codeletion and across IDH mutational status. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100877. [PMID: 36584682 PMCID: PMC9873829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas are malignant neuroepithelial tumors with poor survival rates in combined chemoradiotherapy. The current WHO classification is based on IDH1/2 mutational and 1p/19q codeletion status. Glioma proteome alterations remain undercharacterized despite their promise for a better molecular patient stratification and therapeutic target identification. Here, we use mass spectrometry to characterize 42 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from IDH-wild-type (IDHwt) gliomas, IDH-mutant (IDHmut) gliomas with and without 1p/19q codeletion, and non-neoplastic controls. Based on more than 5,500 quantified proteins and 5,000 phosphosites, gliomas separate by IDH1/2 mutational status but not by 1p/19q status. Instead, IDHmut gliomas split into two proteomic subtypes with widespread perturbations, including aerobic/anaerobic energy metabolism. Validations with three independent glioma proteome datasets confirm these subgroups and link the IDHmut subtypes to the established proneural and classic/mesenchymal subtypes in IDHwt glioma. This demonstrates common phenotypic subtypes across the IDH status with potential therapeutic implications for patients with IDHmut gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Maximilian Bader
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Misch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Felix Meissner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Ding J, Li X, Khan S, Zhang C, Gao F, Sen S, Wasylishen AR, Zhao Y, Lozano G, Koul D, Alfred Yung WK. EGFR suppresses p53 function by promoting p53 binding to DNA-PKcs: a noncanonical regulatory axis between EGFR and wild-type p53 in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1712-1725. [PMID: 35474131 PMCID: PMC9527520 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and TP53 mutation are the two most common genetic alterations in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A comprehensive analysis of the TCGA GBM database revealed a subgroup with near mutual exclusivity of EGFR amplification and TP53 mutations indicative of a role of EGFR in regulating wild-type-p53 (wt-p53) function. The relationship between EGFR amplification and wt-p53 function remains undefined and this study describes the biological significance of this interaction in GBM. METHODS Mass spectrometry was used to identify EGFR-dependent p53-interacting proteins. The p53 and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) interaction was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to knockout EGFR and DNA-PKcs and the Edit-R CRIPSR-Cas9 system for conditional knockout of EGFR. ROS activity was measured with a CM-H2DCFDA probe, and real-time PCR was used to quantify expression of p53 target genes. RESULTS Using glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs), we identified, DNA-PKcs as a p53 interacting protein that functionally inhibits p53 activity. We demonstrate that EGFR knockdown increased wt-p53 transcriptional activity, which was associated with decreased binding between p53 and DNA-PKcs. We further show that inhibition of DNA-PKcs either by siRNA or an inhibitor (nedisertib) increased wt-p53 transcriptional activity, which was not enhanced further by EGFR knockdown, indicating that EGFR suppressed wt-p53 activity through DNA-PKcs binding with p53. Finally, using conditional EGFR-knockout GSCs, we show that depleting EGFR increased animal survival in mice transplanted with wt-p53 GSCs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that EGFR signaling inhibits wt-p53 function in GBM by promoting an interaction between p53 and DNA-PKcs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shayak Sen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zhang S, Pan C, Shang Q, Wang W, Hu T, Liu P, Chen S, Wang J, Fang Q. Overexpressed mitogen-and stress-activated protein kinase 1 promotes the resistance of cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia through brahma related gene 1-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174722. [PMID: 34953799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major challenge in the current treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Finding specific molecules responsible for mediating drug resistance in AML contributes to the effective reversal of drug resistance. Recent studies have found that mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) is of great significance in the occurrence and development of tumors. In the current study, MSK1 was found highly expressed in drug-resistant AML patients. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been previously validated to be associated with drug resistance in AML. Our study revealed a positive correlation between MSK1 and HO-1 in patient samples. In vitro experiments revealed that the sensitivity of AML cell lines THP-1 and U937 to cytarabine (Ara-C) significantly decreased after overexpression of MSK1. Meanwhile, downregulation of MSK1 by siRNA transfection or treatment of pharmacological inhibitor SB-747651A in AML cell lines and primary AML cells enhanced the sensitivity to Ara-C. Flow cytometry analysis showed that downregulation of MSK1 in AML cells accelerated apoptosis and arrested cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase. However, the increased cell sensitivity induced by MSK1 downregulation was reversed by the induction of HO-1 inducer Hemin. Through further mechanism exploration, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis demonstrated that brahma related gene 1 (BRG1) was involved in the regulatory effect of MSK1 on HO-1. High expression of MSK1 could promote the resistance of AML through BRG1-mediated upregulation of HO-1. Downregulation of MSK1 enhanced the sensitivity of AML cells to Ara-C. Our findings provide novel ideas for developing effective anti-AML targets.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Male
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- U937 Cells
- Middle Aged
- THP-1 Cells
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chengyun Pan
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Shang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Tianzhen Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.
| | - Qin Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Alammar H, Nassani R, Alshehri MM, Aljohani AA, Alrfaei BM. Deficiency in the Treatment Description of mTOR Inhibitor Resistance in Medulloblastoma, a Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010464. [PMID: 35008889 PMCID: PMC8745694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a common fatal pediatric brain tumor. More treatment options are required to prolong survival and decrease disability. mTOR proteins play an essential role in the disease pathogenesis, and are an essential target for therapy. Three generations of mTOR inhibitors have been developed and are clinically used for immunosuppression and chemotherapy for multiple cancers. Only a few mTOR inhibitors have been investigated for the treatment of medulloblastoma and other pediatric tumors. The first-generation mTOR, sirolimus, temsirolimus, and everolimus, went through phase I clinical trials. The second-generation mTOR, AZD8055 and sapanisertib, suppressed medulloblastoma cell growth; however, limited studies have investigated possible resistance pathways. No clinical trials have been found to treat medulloblastoma using third-generation mTOR inhibitors. This systematic review highlights the mechanisms of resistance of mTOR inhibitors in medulloblastoma and includes IDO1, T cells, Mnk2, and eIF4E, as they prolong malignant cell survival. The findings promote the importance of combination therapy in medulloblastoma due to its highly resistant nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Alammar
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Rayan Nassani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (R.N.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Mana M. Alshehri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (R.N.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Alaa A. Aljohani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Bahauddeen M. Alrfaei
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (A.A.A.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; (R.N.); (M.M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Wu S, Li X, Gao F, de Groot JF, Koul D, Yung WKA. PARP-mediated PARylation of MGMT is critical to promote repair of temozolomide-induced O6-methylguanine DNA damage in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:920-931. [PMID: 33433610 PMCID: PMC8168825 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is mediated by the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). MGMT promoter methylation (occurs in about 40% of patients) is associated with loss of MGMT expression (MGMT−) that compromises DNA repair, leading to a favorable response to TMZ therapy. The 60% of patients with unmethylated MGMT (MGMT+) GBM experience resistance to TMZ; in these patients, understanding the mechanism of MGMT-mediated repair and modulating MGMT activity may lead to enhanced TMZ activity. Here, we report a novel mode of regulation of MGMT protein activity by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Methods MGMT-PARP interaction was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. PARylation of MGMT and PARP was detected by co-immunoprecipitation with anti-PAR antibody. O6-methylguanine (O6-MetG) adducts were quantified by immunofluorescence assay. In vivo studies were conducted in mice to determine the effectiveness of PARP inhibition in sensitizing GBM to TMZ. Results We demonstrated that PARP physically binds with MGMT and PARylates MGMT in response to TMZ treatment. In addition, PARylation of MGMT by PARP is required for MGMT binding to chromatin to enhance the removal of O6-MetG adducts from DNA after TMZ treatment. PARP inhibitors reduced PARP-MGMT binding and MGMT PARylation, silencing MGMT activity to repair O6-MetG. PARP inhibition restored TMZ sensitivity in vivo in MGMT-expressing GBM. Conclusion This study demonstrated that PARylation of MGMT by PARP is critical for repairing TMZ-induced O6-MetG, and inhibition of PARylation by PARP inhibitor reduces MGMT function rendering sensitization to TMZ, providing a rationale for combining PARP inhibitors to sensitize TMZ in MGMT-unmethylated GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofang Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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9
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Mishra R, Patel H, Alanazi S, Kilroy MK, Garrett JT. PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3464. [PMID: 33801659 PMCID: PMC8037248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phospatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is a crucial intracellular signaling pathway which is mutated or amplified in a wide variety of cancers including breast, gastric, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, glioblastoma and endometrial cancers. PI3K signaling plays an important role in cancer cell survival, angiogenesis and metastasis, making it a promising therapeutic target. There are several ongoing and completed clinical trials involving PI3K inhibitors (pan, isoform-specific and dual PI3K/mTOR) with the goal to find efficient PI3K inhibitors that could overcome resistance to current therapies. This review focuses on the current landscape of various PI3K inhibitors either as monotherapy or in combination therapies and the treatment outcomes involved in various phases of clinical trials in different cancer types. There is a discussion of the drug-related toxicities, challenges associated with these PI3K inhibitors and the adverse events leading to treatment failure. In addition, novel PI3K drugs that have potential to be translated in the clinic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joan T. Garrett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (H.P.); (S.A.); (M.K.K.)
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10
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The multi-target small-molecule inhibitor SB747651A shows in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy in glioblastomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6066. [PMID: 33727611 PMCID: PMC7966768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary brain tumor and among the most lethal types of cancer. Several mono-target small molecule-inhibitors have been investigated as novel therapeutics, thus far with poor success. In this study we investigated the anticancer effects of SB747651A, a multi-target small-molecule inhibitor, in three well characterized patient-derived glioblastoma spheroid cultures and a murine orthotopic xenograft model. Concentrations of 5–10 µM SB747651A reduced cell proliferation, spheroid formation, migration and chemoresistance, while apoptotic cell death increased. Investigation of oncogenic kinase signaling showed decreased phosphorylation levels of mTOR, CREB, GSK3 and GYS1 leading to altered glycogen metabolism and formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Expression levels of cancer stemness marker SOX2 were reduced in treated tumor cells and SB747651A treatment significantly prolonged survival of mice with intracranial glioblastoma xenografts, while no adverse effects were observed in vivo at doses of 25 mg/kg administered 5 days/week for 8 weeks. These findings suggest that SB747651A has anticancer effects in glioblastoma. The cancer-related pathophysiological mechanisms targeted by SB747651A are shared among many types of cancer; however, an in-depth clarification of the mechanisms of action in cancer cells is important before further potential application of SB747651A as an anticancer agent can be considered.
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11
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Gao SP, Kiliti AJ, Zhang K, Vasani N, Mao N, Jordan E, Wise HC, Shrestha Bhattarai T, Hu W, Dorso M, Rodrigues JA, Kim K, Hanrahan AJ, Razavi P, Carver B, Chandarlapaty S, Reis-Filho JS, Taylor BS, Solit DB. AKT1 E17K Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration by Abrogating β-Catenin Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:573-584. [PMID: 33303690 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutational activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is among the most common pro-oncogenic events in human cancers. The clinical utility of PI3K and AKT inhibitors has, however, been modest to date. Here, we used CRISPR-mediated gene editing to study the biological consequences of AKT1 E17K mutation by developing an AKT1 E17K-mutant isogenic system in a TP53-null background. AKT1 E17K expression under the control of its endogenous promoter enhanced cell growth and colony formation, but had a paradoxical inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion. The mechanistic basis by which activated AKT1 inhibited cell migration and invasion was increased E-cadherin expression mediated by suppression of ZEB1 transcription via altered β-catenin subcellular localization. This phenotypic effect was AKT1-specific, as AKT2 activation had the opposite effect, a reduction in E-cadherin expression. Consistent with the opposing effects of AKT1 and AKT2 activation on E-cadherin expression, a pro-migratory effect of AKT1 activation was not observed in breast cancer cells with PTEN loss or expression of an activating PIK3CA mutation, alterations which induce the activation of both AKT isoforms. The results suggest that the use of AKT inhibitors in patients with breast cancer could paradoxically accelerate metastatic progression in some genetic contexts and may explain the frequent coselection for CDH1 mutations in AKT1-mutated breast tumors. IMPLICATIONS: AKT1 E17K mutation in breast cancer impairs migration/invasiveness via sequestration of β-catenin to the cell membrane leading to decreased ZEB1 transcription, resulting in increased E-cadherin expression and a reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhi Paul Gao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Amber J Kiliti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kai Zhang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Naresh Vasani
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ninghui Mao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emmet Jordan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hannah C Wise
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tripti Shrestha Bhattarai
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Madeline Dorso
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James A Rodrigues
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Aphrothiti J Hanrahan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brett Carver
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
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12
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Schreck KC, Allen AN, Wang J, Pratilas CA. Combination MEK and mTOR inhibitor therapy is active in models of glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa138. [PMID: 33235998 PMCID: PMC7668446 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RAS effector signaling pathways such as PI3K/mTOR and ERK are frequently dysregulated in glioblastoma. While small molecule targeted therapies against these pathways have appeared promising in preclinical studies, they have been disappointing in clinical trials due to toxicity and de novo and adaptive resistance. To identify predictors of glioblastoma sensitivity to dual pathway inhibition with mTORC1/2 and MEK inhibitors, we tested these agents, alone and in combination, in a cohort of genomically characterized glioblastoma cell lines. Methods Seven genomically characterized, patient-derived glioblastoma neurosphere cell lines were evaluated for their sensitivity to the dual mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor sapanisertib (MLN0128, TAK-228) alone or in combination with the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib (GSK1120212), using assessment of proliferation and evaluation of the downstream signaling consequences of these inhibitors. Results Sapanisertib inhibited cell growth in neurosphere lines, but induced apoptosis only in a subset of lines, and did not completely inhibit downstream mTOR signaling via ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6). Growth sensitivity to MEK inhibitor monotherapy was observed in a subset of lines defined by loss of NF1, was predicted by an ERK-dependent expression signature, and was associated with effective phospho-RPS6 inhibition. In these lines, combined MEK/mTOR treatment further inhibited growth and induced apoptosis. Combined MEK and mTOR inhibition also led to modest antiproliferative effects in lines with intact NF1 and insensitivity to MEK inhibitor monotherapy. Conclusions These data demonstrate that combined MEK/mTOR inhibition is synergistic in glioblastoma cell lines and may be more potent in NF1-deficient glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karisa C Schreck
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy N Allen
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiawan Wang
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Zhou D, Huang L, Zhou Y, Wei T, Yang L, Li C. RON and RONΔ160 promote gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and adaption to hypoxia via interaction with β-catenin. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2735-2748. [PMID: 31085796 PMCID: PMC6535062 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant accumulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) has been verified in gastric adenocarcinoma. Upregulation of RON and its splice variant RONΔ160 contribute to the growth and migration in gastric cancer cells in vitro. However, the mechanisms of RON/RONΔ160-mediated gastric cancer growth and metastasis remain vague. We therefore examined the actions of RON, RONΔ160, and β-catenin in gastric cancer cells and tissue samples, and their effects on cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We found that in gastric cancer samples and cell lines, there was positive correlation between RON/RONΔ160 and β-catenin levels, and that they formed a RON/RONΔ160-β-catenin complex which was translocated to the nucleus. Hypoxia led the binding of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α to the RON/RONΔ160-β-catenin complex, which increased nuclear translocation and expression of downstream oncogenic signaling molecules. Overexpression of RON/RONΔ160 promoted the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, which were also enhanced by hypoxia. Suppression of RON using siRNA or anti‑RON monoclonal antibody diminished gastric cancer cell and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. These findings establish a link between the receptor tyrosine kinase RON and β-catenin and provide insight into the mechanism by which they contribute to gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010030, China
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14
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Ding J, Wu S, Zhang C, Garyali A, Martinez-Ledesma E, Gao F, Pokkulandra A, Li X, Bristow C, Carugo A, Koul D, Yung WKA. BRCA1 identified as a modulator of temozolomide resistance in P53 wild-type GBM using a high-throughput shRNA-based synthetic lethality screening. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2428-2441. [PMID: 31815044 PMCID: PMC6895442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common type of primary brain tumor, is universally fatal, with a median survival duration ranging from 12-15 months despite maximum treatment efforts. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the current standard of care for GBM patients; however patients usually develop resistance to TMZ and limits its benefit. The identification of novel synergistic targets in GBM will lead to the development of new targeted drugs, which could be combined with broad-spectrum cytotoxic agents. In this study, we used a high-throughput synthetic lethality screen with a pooled short hairpin DNA repair library, in combination with TMZ, to identify targets that will enhance TMZ-induced antitumor effects. Using an unbiased bioinformatical analysis, we identified BRCA1 as a potential promising candidate gene that induced synthetic lethality with TMZ in glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs). BRCA1 knockdown resulted in antitumor activity with TMZ in P53 wild-type GSCs but not in P53 mutant GSCs. TMZ treatment induced a DNA damage repair response; the activation of BRCA1 DNA repair pathway targets and knockdown of BRCA1, together with TMZ, led to increased DNA damage and cell death in P53 wild-type GSCs. Our study identified BRCA1 as a potential target that sensitizes TMZ-induced cell death in P53 wild-type GBM, suggesting that the combined inhibition of BRCA1 and TMZ treatment will be a successful targeted therapy for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaofang Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - Arnav Garyali
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - Emmanuel Martinez-Ledesma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la SaludMonterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - Adarsha Pokkulandra
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Bristow
- Department of Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Department of Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - WK Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas, USA
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15
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Berishvili VP, Perkin VO, Voronkov AE, Radchenko EV, Syed R, Venkata Ramana Reddy C, Pillay V, Kumar P, Choonara YE, Kamal A, Palyulin VA. Time-Domain Analysis of Molecular Dynamics Trajectories Using Deep Neural Networks: Application to Activity Ranking of Tankyrase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3519-3532. [PMID: 31276400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations provide valuable insights into the behavior of molecular systems. Extending the recent trend of using machine learning techniques to predict physicochemical properties from molecular dynamics data, we propose to consider the trajectories as multidimensional time series represented by 2D tensors containing the ligand-protein interaction descriptor values for each time step. Similar in structure to the time series encountered in modern approaches for signal, speech, and natural language processing, these time series can be directly analyzed using long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks or convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The predictive regression models for the ligand-protein affinity were built for a subset of the PDBbind v.2017 database and applied to inhibitors of tankyrase, an enzyme of the poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) family that can be used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. As an additional test set, a subset of the Community Structure-Activity Resource (CSAR) data set was used. For comparison, the random forest and simple neural network models based on the crystal pose or the trajectory-averaged descriptors were used, as well as the commonly employed docking and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) scores. Convolutional neural networks based on the 2D tensors of ligand-protein interaction descriptors for short (2 ns) trajectories provide the best accuracy and predictive power, reaching the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.73 and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.70 for the tankyrase test set. Taking into account the recent increase in computational power of modern GPUs and relatively low computational complexity of the proposed approach, it can be used as an advanced virtual screening filter for compound prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Berishvili
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Valentin O Perkin
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Andrew E Voronkov
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia.,Digital BioPharm Ltd. , Hovseterveien 42 A, H0301 , Oslo 0768 , Norway
| | - Eugene V Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Department of Chemistry , Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085 , India
| | | | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , 7 York Road , Parktown 2193 , South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , 7 York Road , Parktown 2193 , South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , 7 York Road , Parktown 2193 , South Africa
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi 110 062 , India
| | - Vladimir A Palyulin
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
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16
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Chen H, Lu Q, Chen C, Di Y, Li Y, Min W, Yu Z, Dai D. β-catenin regulates effects of miR-24 on the viability and autophagy of glioma cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1285-1290. [PMID: 31316620 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the β-catenin gene are common in various cancer types. MicroRNA (miR)-24 suppresses gene expression during the cell cycle. However, the effects of miR-24 on the cell viability and autophagy of glioma cells, and how these biological processes are regulated by β-catenin are largely unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the role of β-catenin in regulating the effects of miR-24 on the cell viability and autophagy of glioma cells. The expression levels of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Glioma C6 cells were transfected with miR-24 mimics, miR-24 inhibitors and negative control miRNAs. C6 cells transfected with miR-24 mimics or negative control miRNAs were treated with the β-catenin inhibitor, XAV-939. An MTT assay was utilized to evaluate the viability of C6 cells. The expression of miR-24 and mRNA expression of autophagy related 4a cysteine peptidase (ATG4A) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The protein expression of LC3B and Beclin1 decreased significantly in glioma tissue and glioma C6 cells compared with normal brain tissue. Compared with the negative control group, C6 cells transfected with miR-24 mimics exhibited significantly higher cell viability at 24 and 48 h, and those transfected with miR-24 inhibitors exhibited significantly lower cell viability at 48 h. XAV-939 decreased the stimulatory effects of miR-24 mimics on the viability of C6 cells. The expression of miR-24 significantly decreased and ATG4A mRNA significantly increased in C6 cells transfected with XAV-939 compared with those transfected with the negative control miRNA. XAV-939 attenuated the miR-24-induced decrease of the protein expression of LC3B and Beclin1, and decreased the stimulatory effects of miR-24 mimics on cell viability. In addition, XAV-939 attenuated the miR-24-induced decrease of autophagy marker expression by attenuating miR-24 expression and increasing ATG4A mRNA expression in glioma C6 cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate whether β-catenin regulates the intracellular effects of miR-24 on the viability and autophagy of glioma cells. The results also provide some mechanistic basis to the pharmaceutical targeting of WNT signaling in high grade glial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yunhai Di
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ya'Nan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Min
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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17
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Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Lattanzi G, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of evasive and innate resistance to mTOR inhibition in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1322-1337. [PMID: 30928610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug-resistance by neoplastic cells is recognized as a major cause of targeted therapy failure and disease progression. The mechanistic (previously mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Ser/Thr kinase that acts as the catalytic subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct large multiprotein complexes, referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 play key roles in a variety of healthy cell types/tissues by regulating physiological anabolic and catabolic processes in response to external cues. However, a body of evidence identified aberrant activation of mTOR signaling as a common event in many human tumors. Therefore, mTOR is an attractive target for therapeutic targeting in cancer and this fact has driven the development of numerous mTOR inhibitors, several of which have progressed to clinical trials. Nevertheless, mTOR inhibitors have met with a very limited success as anticancer therapeutics. Among other reasons, this failure was initially ascribed to the activation of several compensatory signaling pathways that dampen the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. The discovery of these regulatory feedback mechanisms greatly contributed to a better understanding of cancer cell resistance to mTOR targeting agents. However, over the last few years, other mechanisms of resistance have emerged, including epigenetic alterations, compensatory metabolism rewiring and the occurrence of mTOR mutations. In this article, we provide the reader with an updated overview of the mechanisms that could explain resistance of cancer cells to the various classes of mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy.
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18
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Wu S, Wang S, Gao F, Li L, Zheng S, Yung WKA, Koul D. Activation of WEE1 confers resistance to PI3K inhibition in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:78-91. [PMID: 29016926 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncogenic activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling plays a pivotal role in the development of glioblastoma (GBM). However, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K has so far not been therapeutically successful due to adaptive resistance through a rapid rewiring of cancer cell signaling. Here we identified that WEE1 is activated after transient exposure to PI3K inhibition and confers resistance to PI3K inhibition in GBM. Methods Patient-derived glioma-initiating cells and established GBM cells were treated with PI3K inhibitor or WEE1 inhibitor alone or in combination, and cell proliferation was evaluated by CellTiter-Blue assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL, annexin V staining, and blotting of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Both subcutaneous xenograft and orthotropic xenograft studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of the combination on tumorigenesis; the tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence imaging, and tumor tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry to validate signaling changes. Results PI3K inhibition activates WEE1 kinase, which in turn phosphorylates cell division control protein 2 homolog (Cdc2) at Tyr15 and inhibits Cdc2 activity, leading to G2/M arrest in a p53-independent manner. WEE1 inhibition abrogated the G2/M arrest and propelled cells to prematurely enter into mitosis and consequent cell death through mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis. Additionally, combination treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth in a subcutaneous model but not in an intracranial model due to limited blood-brain barrier penetration. Conclusions Our findings highlight WEE1 as an adaptive resistant gene activated after PI3K inhibition, and inhibition of WEE1 potentiated the effectiveness of PI3K targeted inhibition, suggesting that a combinational inhibition of WEE1 and PI3K might allow successful targeted therapy in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofang Wu
- Brain Tumor Center, Departments of Neuro-Oncology
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Brain Tumor Center, Departments of Neuro-Oncology
| | - Feng Gao
- Brain Tumor Center, Departments of Neuro-Oncology
| | - Luyuan Li
- Brain Tumor Center, Departments of Neuro-Oncology
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Brain Tumor Center, Departments of Neuro-Oncology.,Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Dimpy Koul
- Brain Tumor Center, Departments of Neuro-Oncology
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19
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Wang H, Yu J, Wang X, Zhang Y. The RNA helicase DHX33 is required for cancer cell proliferation in human glioblastoma and confers resistance to PI3K/mTOR inhibition. Cell Signal 2018; 54:170-178. [PMID: 30552990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human Glioblastoma is one deadly disease; the median survival time is reported to be 13.9 months after treatment. In the present study, we discovered that DHX33 is highly expressed in 84% of all Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Knockdown of DHX33 led to significant reduced proliferation and migration in glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DHX33 regulated a set of critical genes involved in cell cycle and cell migration to promote glioblastoma development. Additionally, DHX33 was found to be induced by inhibitors of PI3K and mTOR whose activation has been detected in 50% of glioblastoma. Overexpression of wild type DHX33 protein, but not the helicase dead mutant, confers resistance to mTOR inhibitors in glioblastoma cells. DHX33 probably functions as a critical regulator to promote GBM development. Our results highlight its therapeutic potential in treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhong Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyan Yu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingshun Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Southern University of Science and Technology - University of Macau Joint Ph.D Program, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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20
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High expression of mitogen-activated and stress-activated protein kinase 1 indicates poor prognosis in patients with glioma. Neuroreport 2018; 29:1249-1255. [PMID: 30020192 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1), which belongs to the subfamily of MAPK-activated protein kinase, plays an important role in cell proliferation and neoplastic transformation. It has been recently reported that MSK1 overexpression was closely related to the progression of some tumors such as colorectal cancer. However, the clinical significance of MSK1 in glioma has not been addressed. To investigate the potential role of MSK1 in glioma, we first examined the expression pattern of MSK1 in glioma tissues and normal brain tissues using quantitative RT-PCR, and the results showing that MSK1 expression was significantly elevated in glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues. The clinical relevance of MSK1 expression level was then analyzed, and we found that high expression of MSK1 was closely related to the larger tumor size and advanced WHO grade. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that glioma patients with higher expression of MSK1 had poorer overall survival, and MSK1 was identified as an independent unfavorable prognosis factor. In addition, the effects of MSK1 on glioma cells were tested through cellular experiments, and we demonstrated that MSK1 can promote proliferation and invasion capacities of tumor cells. In conclusion, patients with glioma with higher MSK1 expression were more predisposed to poorer clinical outcomes and unfavorable prognosis, indicating the potential role of MSK1 as a novel clinical biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Berishvili VP, Voronkov AE, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA. Machine Learning Classification Models to Improve the Docking-based Screening: A Case of PI3K-Tankyrase Inhibitors. Mol Inform 2018; 37:e1800030. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201800030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P. Berishvili
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Andrew E. Voronkov
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Digital BioPharm Ltd.; Hovseterveien 42 A, H0301 Oslo 0768 Norway
| | - Eugene V. Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Palyulin
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
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Phosphorylation of PI3K regulatory subunit p85 contributes to resistance against PI3K inhibitors in radioresistant head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2018; 78:56-63. [PMID: 29496059 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is commonly activated in most cancers and is correlated with resistance to anticancer therapies such as radiotherapy. Therefore, PI3K is an attractive target for treating PI3K-associated cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated the basal expression and the expression after treatment of PI3K inhibitor or Src inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins in AMC-HN3, AMC-HN3R, HN30 and HN31 cells by performing immunoblotting analysis. The sensitivity to PI3K inhibitors or Src inhibitor was analyzed by MTT assay and clonogenic assay. To determine the antitumoral activity of combination treatment with PI3K inhibitor and Src inhibitor, we used using xenograft mouse model. RESULTS We found that PI3K regulatory subunit p85 was predominantly phosphorylated in radioresistant head and neck cancer cell line (HN31), which showed resistance to PI3K inhibitors. Next, we investigated mechanism through which PI3K p85 phosphorylation modulated response to PI3K inhibitors. Of note, constitutive activation of Src was found in HN31 cells and upon PI3K inhibitor treatment, restoration of p-Src was occurred. Src inhibitor improved the efficacy of PI3K inhibitor treatment and suppressed the reactivation of both Src and PI3K p85 in HN31 cells. Furthermore, downregulation of PI3K p85 expression by using a specific siRNA suppressed Src phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results imply the novel role of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85 in the development of resistance to PI3K inhibitors and suggest the presence of a regulatory loop between PI3K p85 and Src in radioresistant head and neck cancers with constitutively active PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Zheng Q, Lin Z, Xu J, Lu Y, Meng Q, Wang C, Yang Y, Xin X, Li X, Pu H, Gui X, Li T, Xiong W, Lu D. Long noncoding RNA MEG3 suppresses liver cancer cells growth through inhibiting β-catenin by activating PKM2 and inactivating PTEN. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:253. [PMID: 29449541 PMCID: PMC5833746 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) encodes an lncRNA which is suggested to function as a tumor suppressor and has been showed to involve in a variety of cancers. Herein, our findings demonstrate that MEG3 inhibits the malignant progression of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MEG3 promotes the expression and maturition of miR122 which targets PKM2. Therefore, MEG3 decreases the expression and nuclear location of PKM2 dependent on miR122. Furthermore, MEG3 also inhibits CyclinD1 and C-Myc via PKM2 in liver cancer cells. On the other hand, MEG3 promotes β-catenin degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome system dependent on PTEN. Strikingly, MEG3 inhibits β-catenin activity through PKM2 reduction and PTEN increase. Significantly, we also found that excessive β-catenin abrogated the effect of MEG3 in liver cancer. In conclusion, our study for the first time demonstrates that MEG3 acts as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the activity of the PKM2 and β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis and could provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Zheng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuojia Lin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyu Meng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoru Xin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Pu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gui
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Wujun Xiong
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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Nussinov R, Tsai CJ, Jang H. A New View of Pathway-Driven Drug Resistance in Tumor Proliferation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:427-437. [PMID: 28245913 PMCID: PMC5403593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defeating drug resistance in tumor cell proliferation is challenging. We propose that signaling in cell proliferation takes place via two core pathways, each embodying multiple alternative pathways. We consider drug resistance through an alternative proliferation pathway - within the same or within the other core pathway. Most drug combinations target only one core pathway; blocking both can restrain proliferation. We define core pathways as independent and acting similarly in cell-cycle control, which can explain why their products (e.g., ERK and YAP1) can substitute for each other in resistance. Core pathways can forecast possible resistance because acquired resistance frequently occurs through alternative proliferation pathways. This concept may help to predict the efficacy of drug combinations. The selection of distinct combinations for specific mutated pathways would be guided by clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Doll S, Urisman A, Oses-Prieto JA, Arnott D, Burlingame AL. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Fundamental Regulatory Differences in Oncogenic HRAS and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1) Driven Astrocytoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:39-56. [PMID: 27834733 PMCID: PMC5217781 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) are high-grade astrocytomas and the most common brain malignancies. Primary GBMs are often associated with disturbed RAS signaling, and expression of oncogenic HRAS results in a malignant phenotype in glioma cell lines. Secondary GBMs arise from lower-grade astrocytomas, have slower progression than primary tumors, and contain IDH1 mutations in over 70% of cases. Despite significant amount of accumulating genomic and transcriptomic data, the fundamental mechanistic differences of gliomagenesis in these two types of high-grade astrocytoma remain poorly understood. Only a few studies have attempted to investigate the proteome, phosphorylation signaling, and epigenetic regulation in astrocytoma. In the present study, we applied quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify the main signaling differences between oncogenic HRAS and mutant IDH1-driven glioma cells as models of primary and secondary GBM, respectively. Our analysis confirms the driving roles of the MAPK and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways in HRAS driven cells and additionally uncovers dysregulation of other signaling pathways. Although a subset of the signaling changes mediated by HRAS could be reversed by a MEK inhibitor, dual inhibition of MEK and PI3K resulted in more complete reversal of the phosphorylation patterns produced by HRAS expression. In contrast, cells expressing mutant IDH1 did not show significant activation of MAPK or PI3K/mTOR pathways. Instead, global downregulation of protein expression was observed. Targeted proteomic analysis of histone modifications identified significant histone methylation, acetylation, and butyrylation changes in the mutant IDH1 expressing cells, consistent with a global transcriptional repressive state. Our findings offer novel mechanistic insight linking mutant IDH1 associated inhibition of histone demethylases with specific histone modification changes to produce global transcriptional repression in secondary glioblastoma. Our proteomic datasets are available for download and provide a comprehensive catalogue of alterations in protein abundance, phosphorylation, and histone modifications in oncogenic HRAS and IDH1 driven astrocytoma cells beyond the transcriptomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Doll
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - David Arnott
- §Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California;
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