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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li Z, Wu H, Zou B, Xu Y. Exploring Natural Products as Radioprotective Agents for Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3585. [PMID: 37509245 PMCID: PMC10377328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment. However, in addition to killing tumor cells, radiotherapy causes damage to the surrounding cells and is toxic to normal tissues. Therefore, an effective radioprotective agent that prevents the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation is required. Numerous synthetic substances have been shown to have clear radioprotective effects. However, most of these have not been translated for use in clinical applications due to their high toxicity and side effects. Many medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In recent years, new agents obtained from natural products have been investigated by radioprotection researchers, due to their abundance of sources, high efficiency, and low toxicity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the radioprotective effects of natural products, including ROS scavenging, promotion of DNA damage repair, anti-inflammatory effects, and the inhibition of cell death signaling pathways. In addition, we systematically review natural products with radioprotective properties, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and saponins. Specifically, we discuss the polyphenols apigenin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, resveratrol, and curcumin; the polysaccharides astragalus, schisandra, and Hohenbuehelia serotina; the saponins ginsenosides and acanthopanax senticosus; and the alkaloids matrine, ligustrazine, and β-carboline. However, further optimization through structural modification, improved extraction and purification methods, and clinical trials are needed before clinical translation. With a deeper understanding of the radioprotective mechanisms involved and the development of high-throughput screening methods, natural products could become promising novel radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanyou Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wang X, Yuan R, Miao L, Li X, Guo Y, Tian H. Protective mechanism of a novel aminothiol compound on radiation-induced intestinal injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:259-269. [PMID: 35583501 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2074163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the development of nuclear technology and radiotherapy, the risk of radiation injury has been increasing. Therefore, it is important to find an effective radiation-protective agent. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel compound called compound 8, of which the radioprotective effect and mechanism were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Before being exposed to ionizing radiation, mice were pretreated with compound 8. The 30-day mortality assay, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry staining assay were performed to evaluate the anti-radiation effect of the compound 8. TUNEL and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to study the anti-radiation mechanism of compound 8. RESULTS Compared to the IR + vehicle group, the 30-day survival rate of mice treated with 25 mg/kg of compound 8 was significantly improved after 8 Gy total body irradiation. In the morphological study of the small intestine, we found that compound 8 could maintain crypt-villus structures in the irradiated mice. Further immunohistochemical staining displayed that compound 8 could improve the survival of Lgr5+ cells, ki67+ cells, and lysozyme+ cells. The results of TUNEL and immunofluorescence assays showed that compound 8 could decrease the expression of apoptosis-related caspase-8/-9, γ-H2AX, Bax, and p53. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that compound 8 exerts its effects by maintaining structure and function of small intestine. It also reduces DNA damage, promotes crypt proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, it may enhance the anti-apoptotic ability of small intestinal tissue by inhibiting the activation of p53 and blocking the caspase cascade reaction. Compound 8 can protect the intestinal tract from post-radiation damage, it is thus a new and effective protective agent of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Renbin Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Longfei Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
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Satoh H, Ochi S, Mizuno K, Saga Y, Ujita S, Toyoda M, Nishiyama Y, Tada K, Matsushita Y, Deguchi Y, Suzuki K, Tanaka Y, Ueda H, Inaba T, Hosoi Y, Morita A, Aoki S. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-pyrrolone derivatives as radioprotectors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116764. [PMID: 35635928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
It is known that p53 is an important transcription factor and plays a central role in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis. We previously reported that regulating p53 protein is an effective strategy for modulating cell fate by reducing the acute side effects of radiation therapy. Herein, we report on the discovery of STK160830 as a new radioprotector from a chemical library at The University of Tokyo and the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of its derivatives. The radioprotective activity of STK160830 itself and its derivatives that were synthesized in this work was evaluated using a leukemia cell line, MOLT-4 cells as a model of normal cells that express the p53 protein in a structure-activity relationships (SAR) study. The experimental results suggest that a direct relationship exists between the inhibitory effect of these STK160830 derivatives on the expression level of p53 and their radioprotective activity and that the suppression of p53 by STK160830 derivatives contribute to protecting MOLT-4 cells from apoptosis that is induced by exposure to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Satoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ochi
- Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mizuno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shohei Ujita
- Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Miyu Toyoda
- Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nishiyama
- Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kasumi Tada
- Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yuichi Deguchi
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inaba
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hosoi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akinori Morita
- Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Gallium(III) Complex with Cloxyquin Ligands Induces Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells and Is a Potent Agent against Both Differentiated and Tumorigenic Cancer Stem Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:3095749. [PMID: 35502218 PMCID: PMC9056256 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3095749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, gallium(III) complex with cloxyquin (5-chloro-8-quinolinol, HClQ) ligands is shown to effectively inhibit proliferation of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, the frequent, aggressive, and poorly treatable cancer of children. It offers striking selectivity to cancer cells compared to noncancerous human fibroblasts. The data reveal that the complex induces ferroptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells, likely due to interfering with iron metabolism. Importantly, it can kill both bulk and stem rhabdomyosarcoma cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first compound based on metal other than Fe capable of inducing ferroptosis in cancer cells.
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Morita A, Ochi S, Satoh H, Ujita S, Matsushita Y, Tada K, Toyoda M, Nishiyama Y, Mizuno K, Deguchi Y, Suzuki K, Tanaka Y, Ueda H, Inaba T, Hosoi Y, Aoki S. A Novel RNA Synthesis Inhibitor, STK160830, Has Negligible DNA-Intercalating Activity for Triggering A p53 Response, and Can Inhibit p53-Dependent Apoptosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101087. [PMID: 34685458 PMCID: PMC8539076 DOI: 10.3390/life11101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA synthesis inhibitors and protein synthesis inhibitors are useful for investigating whether biological events with unknown mechanisms require transcription or translation; however, the dependence of RNA synthesis has been difficult to verify because many RNA synthesis inhibitors cause adverse events that trigger a p53 response. In this study, we screened a library containing 9600 core compounds and obtained STK160830 that shows anti-apoptotic effects in irradiated wild-type-p53-bearing human T-cell leukemia MOLT-4 cells and murine thymocytes. In many of the p53-impaired cells and p53-knockdown cells tested, STK160830 did not show a remarkable anti-apoptotic effect, suggesting that the anti-apoptotic activity is p53-dependent. In the expression analysis of p53, p53-target gene products, and reference proteins by immunoblotting, STK160830 down-regulated the expression of many of the proteins examined, and the downregulation correlated strongly with its inhibitory effect on cell death. mRNA expression analyses by qPCR and nascent RNA capture kit revealed that STK160830 showed a decreased mRNA expression, which was similar to that induced by the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D but differed to some extent. Furthermore, unlike other RNA synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D, p53 accumulation by STK160830 alone was negligible, and a DNA melting-curve analysis showed very weak DNA-intercalating activity, indicating that STK160830 is a useful inhibitor for RNA synthesis without triggering p53-mediated damage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Morita
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shintaro Ochi
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hidetoshi Satoh
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (H.S.); (K.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Shohei Ujita
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.D.); (K.S.); (Y.T.); (H.U.)
| | - Kasumi Tada
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Mihiro Toyoda
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuichi Nishiyama
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kosuke Mizuno
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (H.S.); (K.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Yuichi Deguchi
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.D.); (K.S.); (Y.T.); (H.U.)
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.D.); (K.S.); (Y.T.); (H.U.)
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.D.); (K.S.); (Y.T.); (H.U.)
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.D.); (K.S.); (Y.T.); (H.U.)
| | - Toshiya Inaba
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Hosoi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Shin Aoki
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (H.S.); (K.M.); (S.A.)
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Nishiyama Y, Morita A, Tatsuta S, Kanamaru M, Sakaue M, Ueda K, Shono M, Fujita R, Wang B, Hosoi Y, Aoki S, Sugai T. Isorhamnetin Promotes 53BP1 Recruitment through the Enhancement of ATM Phosphorylation and Protects Mice from Radiation Gastrointestinal Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101514. [PMID: 34680909 PMCID: PMC8535534 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a subclass of polyphenols which are attractive, due to possessing various physiological activities, including a radioprotective effect. Tumor suppressor p53 is a primary regulator in the radiation response and is involved in the pathogenesis of radiation injuries. In this study, we revealed that isorhamnetin inhibited radiation cell death, and investigated its action mechanism focusing on DNA damage response. Although isorhamnetin moderated p53 activity, it promoted phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and enhanced 53BP1 recruitment in irradiated cells. The radioprotective effect of isorhamnetin was not observed in the presence of ATM inhibitor, indicating that its protective effect was dependent on ATM. Furthermore, isorhamnetin-treated mice survived gastrointestinal death caused by a lethal dose of abdominal irradiation. These findings suggested that isorhamnetin enhances the ATM-dependent DNA repair process, which is presumably associated with the suppressive effect against GI syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Akinori Morita
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.U.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shogo Tatsuta
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Misaki Kanamaru
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Masahiro Sakaue
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Kenta Ueda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Manami Shono
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (K.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Rie Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (R.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Hosoi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; (R.F.); (T.S.)
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Nishiyama Y, Morita A, Wang B, Sakai T, Ramadhani D, Satoh H, Tanaka K, Sasatani M, Ochi S, Tominaga M, Ikushima H, Ueno J, Nenoi M, Aoki S. Evaluation of sodium orthovanadate as a radioprotective agent under total-body irradiation and partial-body irradiation conditions in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1241-1251. [PMID: 34125648 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous study indicated that sodium orthovanadate (vanadate), a strong inhibitor of p53, effectively suppressed the lethality from the hematopoietic (HP) and gastrointestinal (GI) syndromes after 12 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI) in mice. This conclusion, however, was inconsistent with the fact that p53 plays a radioprotective role in the intestinal epithelium. The death after TBI of around 12 Gy was attributed to a combined effect of HP and GI syndromes. To verify the effect from prophylactic administration of p53 inhibitor on protection of HP and GI syndromes, in this study, the radioprotective effects from vanadate were investigated in TBI and lower half-body irradiation (partial-body irradiation: PBI) mouse models. METHODS Female ICR mice were given a single injection of vanadate or vehicle, followed by a lethal dose of TBI or PBI. Radioprotective effects of vanadate against the irradiations were evaluated by analyzing survival rate, body weight, hematopoietic parameters, and histological changes in the bone marrow and intestinal epithelium. RESULTS TBI-induced HP syndrome was effectively suppressed by vanadate treatment. After TBI, the vanadate-treated mice retained better bone marrow cellularity and showed markedly higher survival rate compared to the vehicle-treated animals. In contrast, vanadate did not relieve loss of intestinal crypts and failed to rescue mice from GI death after PBI. CONCLUSION Vanadate is a p53 inhibitor that has been shown to be beneficial as a radiation protective agent against HP but was not effective in protecting against acute GI radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akinori Morita
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuma Sakai
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Dwi Ramadhani
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Radiation Safety Technology and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hidetoshi Satoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Research Center for Radiation Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ochi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahide Tominaga
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikushima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junji Ueno
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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Morita A, Wang B, Tanaka K, Katsube T, Murakami M, Shimokawa T, Nishiyama Y, Ochi S, Satoh H, Nenoi M, Aoki S. Protective Effects of p53 Regulatory Agents Against High-LET Radiation-Induced Injury in Mice. Front Public Health 2020; 8:601124. [PMID: 33344403 PMCID: PMC7744379 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.601124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation damage to normal tissues is one of the most serious concerns in radiation therapy, and the tolerance dose of the normal tissues limits the therapeutic dose to the patients. p53 is well known as a transcription factor closely associated with radiation-induced cell death. We recently demonstrated the protective effects of several p53 regulatory agents against low-LET X- or γ-ray-induced damage. Although it was reported that high-LET heavy ion radiation (>85 keV/μm) could cause p53-independent cell death in some cancer cell lines, whether there is any radioprotective effect of the p53 regulatory agents against the high-LET radiation injury in vivo is still unclear. In the present study, we verified the efficacy of these agents on bone marrow and intestinal damages induced by high-LET heavy-ion irradiation in mice. We used a carbon-beam (14 keV/μm) that was shown to induce a p53-dependent effect and an iron-beam (189 keV/μm) that was shown to induce a p53-independent effect in a previous study. Vanadate significantly improved 60-day survival rate in mice treated with total-body carbon-ion (p < 0.0001) or iron-ion (p < 0.05) irradiation, indicating its effective protection of the hematopoietic system from radiation injury after high-LET irradiation over 85 keV/μm. 5CHQ also significantly increased the survival rate after abdominal carbon-ion (p < 0.02), but not iron-ion irradiation, suggesting the moderate relief of the intestinal damage. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of p53 regulators on acute radiation syndrome induced by high-LET radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Morita
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nishiyama
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ochi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Satoh
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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Ochi S, Nishiyama Y, Morita A. Development of p53-targeting drugs that increase radioresistance in normal tissues. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2019; 66:219-223. [PMID: 31656277 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.66.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation damage to normal tissues is a serious concern in radiation therapy. Advances in radiotherapeutic technology have improved the dose distribution of the target volumes and risk organs, but damage to risk organs that are located within the irradiation field still limits the allowable prescription dose. To overcome this dose-limiting toxicity, and to further improve the efficacy of radiotherapy, the development of drugs that protect normal tissues but not cancer tissues from the effects of radiation are expected to be developed based on molecular target-based drugs. p53 is a well-known transcription factor that is closely associated with radiation-induced cell death. In radiation-injured tissues, p53 induces apoptosis in hematopoietic lineages, whereas it plays a radioprotective role in the gastrointestinal epithelium. These facts suggest that p53 inhibitor would be effective for radioprotection of the hematopoietic system, and that a drug that upregulates the radioprotective functions of p53 would enhance the radioresistance of gastrointestinal tissues. In this review, we summarize recent progress regarding the prevention of radiation injury by regulating p53 and provide new strategic insights into the development of radioprotectors in radiotherapy. J. Med. Invest. 66 : 219-223, August, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ochi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Yuichi Nishiyama
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Akinori Morita
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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Zhang W, Shao W, Dong Z, Zhang S, Liu C, Chen S. Cloxiquine, a traditional antituberculosis agent, suppresses the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells through activation of PPARγ. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:404. [PMID: 31138783 PMCID: PMC6538643 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers and 5-year survival rate is only 4.6% for metastatic melanoma patients. Current therapies, especially those involving clinical chemotherapy drugs, have achieved remarkable advances. However, their side effects, such as bone marrow suppression, limit the effectiveness of available pharmacological therapies. Therefore, exploring new antimelanoma drugs with less toxicity is critical for the treatment of melanoma. In the present study, we aimed to identify the antimelanoma drugs with ability to repress the proliferation of melanoma cells by using a high-content screening of FDA-approved drug libraries. We found that cloxiquine (CLQ), a traditional antituberculosic drug, exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells both in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, CLQ at the tested doses did not show any apparent toxicity in normal melanocytes and in the liver. At the metabolic level, treatment with CLQ decreased glycolysis, thus potentially inhibiting the “Warburg effect” in B16F10 cells. More importantly, combination of CLQ and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), a well-known glycolysis inhibitor, did not show a synergistic effect on the tumor growth and metastasis, indicating that inhibition of glycolysis is potentially involved in mediating CLQ’s antimelanoma function. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) served as a potential CLQ target. Mechanistically, CLQ stimulated the transcription and nuclear contents of PPARγ. Furthermore, the specific PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 or PPARγ shRNA partially abolished the effects of CLQ. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CLQ has a great potential in the treatment of melanoma through activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhewen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,State key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,State key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Cheng Y, Dong Y, Hou Q, Wu J, Zhang W, Tian H, Li D. The protective effects of XH-105 against radiation-induced intestinal injury. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2238-2247. [PMID: 30663222 PMCID: PMC6378229 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced intestinal injury is one of the major side effects in patients receiving radiation therapy. There is no specific treatment for radiation enteritis in the clinic. We designed and synthesized a new compound named XH-105, which is expected to cleave into polyphenol and aminothiol in vivo to mitigate radiation injury. In the following study, we describe the beneficial effects of XH-105 against radiation-induced intestinal injury. C57BL/6J mice were treated by gavage with XH-105 1 hour before total body irradiation (TBI), and the survival rate was monitored. Histological changes were examined, and survival of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells Ki67+ cells, villi+ enterocytes and lysozymes was determined by immunohistochemistry. DNA damage and cellular apoptosis in intestinal tissue were also evaluated. Compared to vehicle-treated mice after TBI, XH-105 treatment significantly enhanced the survival rate, attenuated structural damage of the small intestine, decreased the apoptotic rate, reduced DNA damage, maintained cell regeneration and promoted crypt proliferation and differentiation. XH-105 also reduced the expression of Bax and p53 in the small intestine. These data suggest that XH-105 is beneficial for the protection of radiation-induced intestinal injury by inhibiting the p53-dependent apoptosis signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Center for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yinping Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinlian Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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The Protective Effect of New Compound XH-103 on Radiation-Induced GI Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3920147. [PMID: 30116481 PMCID: PMC6079366 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3920147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced intestinal injury is one of the side effects in patients receiving radiotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of XH-103 on radiation-induced small intestinal injury and to explore its mechanism. Methods C57BL/6N mice were irradiated and treated with XH-103. Firstly, the survival rate of mice exposed to 9.0 Gy and 11.0 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) was examined. Subsequently, at 3.5 d after IR, the small intestinal morphological changes were examined by HE. The numbers of crypt cells, the villus height, the expression of Ki67 and Lgr5, and the apoptotic cells in the intestinal crypts were examined by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the expression of p53 and Bax was analyzed by WB. Results Compared to the irradiation group, XH-103 improved the mice survival rate, protected the intestinal morphology of mice, decreased the apoptotic rate of intestinal crypt cells, maintained cell regeneration, and promoted crypt proliferation and differentiation. XH-103 also reduced the expression of p53 and Bax in the small intestine compared to the IR group. Conclusion These data demonstrate that XH-103 can prevent radiation-induced intestinal injury, which is beneficial for the protection of radiation injuries.
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Lazo JS. Refining Radiation for the Next Century. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:332-335. [PMID: 29420296 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John S Lazo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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