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Albers J, Friese-Hamim M, Clark A, Schadt O, Walter-Bausch G, Stroh C, Johne A, Karachaliou N, Blaukat A. The Preclinical Pharmacology of Tepotinib-A Highly Selective MET Inhibitor with Activity in Tumors Harboring MET Alterations. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:833-843. [PMID: 36999986 PMCID: PMC10320478 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) proto-oncogene encodes the MET receptor tyrosine kinase. MET aberrations drive tumorigenesis in several cancer types through a variety of molecular mechanisms, including MET mutations, gene amplification, rearrangement, and overexpression. Therefore, MET is a therapeutic target and the selective type Ib MET inhibitor, tepotinib, was designed to potently inhibit MET kinase activity. In vitro, tepotinib inhibits MET in a concentration-dependent manner irrespective of the mode of MET activation, and in vivo, tepotinib exhibits marked, dose-dependent antitumor activity in MET-dependent tumor models of various cancer indications. Tepotinib penetrates the blood-brain barrier and demonstrates strong antitumor activity in subcutaneous and orthotopic brain metastasis models, in-line with clinical activity observed in patients. MET amplification is an established mechanism of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), and preclinical studies show that tepotinib in combination with EGFR TKIs can overcome this resistance. Tepotinib is currently approved for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer harboring MET exon 14 skipping alterations. This review focuses on the pharmacology of tepotinib in preclinical cancer models harboring MET alterations and demonstrates that strong adherence to the principles of the Pharmacological Audit Trail may result in a successful discovery and development of a precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Albers
- Research Unit Oncology, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Manja Friese-Hamim
- Corporate Animal Using Vendor and Vivarium Governance (SQ-AV), Corporate Sustainability, Quality, Trade Compliance (SQ), Animal Affairs (SQ-A), the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anderson Clark
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Oliver Schadt
- Global Medicinal Chemistry, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gina Walter-Bausch
- Research Unit Oncology, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christopher Stroh
- Clinical Biomarkers and Companion Diagnostics, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Johne
- Global Clinical Development Unit, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Global Clinical Development Unit, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andree Blaukat
- Research Unit Oncology, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Berges N, Klug JH, Eicher A, Loehr J, Schwarz D, Bomke J, Leuthner B, Perrin D, Schadt O. Differences in Sustained Cellular Effects of MET inhibitors Are Driven by Prolonged Target Engagement and Lysosomal Retention. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:77-88. [PMID: 36400432 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular distribution of drug compounds is dependent on physicochemical characteristics and may have a significant bearing on the extent of target occupancy and, ultimately, drug efficacy. We assessed differences in the physicochemical profiles of MET inhibitors capmatinib, crizotinib, savolitinib, and tepotinib and their effects on cell viability and MET phosphorylation under steady-state and washout conditions (to mimic an open organic system) in a human lung cancer cell line. To examine the differences of the underlying molecular mechanisms at the receptor level, we investigated the residence time at the kinase domain and the cellular target engagement. We found that the ranking of the drugs for cell viability was different under steady-state and washout conditions and that under washout conditions, tepotinib displayed the most potent inhibition of phosphorylated MET. Postwashout effects were correlated with the partitioning of the drug into acidic subcellular compartments such as lysosomes, and the tested MET inhibitors were grouped according to their ability to access lysosomes (crizotinib and tepotinib) or not (capmatinib and savolitinib). Reversible lysosomal retention may represent a valuable intracellular storage mechanism for MET inhibitors, enabling prolonged receptor occupancy in dynamic, open-physiologic systems and may act as a local drug reservoir. The use of washout conditions to simulate open systems and investigate intracellular drug distribution is a useful characterization step that deserves further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Generally, determination of potency and receptor occupancy is performed under steady-state conditions. In vivo conditions are more complex due to concentration differences between compartments and equilibrium processes. Experiments under steady state cannot explore effects such as sustained target inhibition. This study has shown that differences between MET inhibitors are observable by applying washout conditions to in vitro assays. This important finding applies to most compound classes and may inspire readers to rethink their assay designs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Berges
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Anna Eicher
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jennifer Loehr
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Joerg Bomke
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Oliver Schadt
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Takebe N, Naqash AR, O'Sullivan Coyne G, Kummar S, Do K, Bruns A, Juwara L, Zlott J, Rubinstein L, Piekarz R, Sharon E, Streicher H, Mittra A, Miller SB, Ji J, Wilsker D, Kinders RJ, Parchment RE, Chen L, Chang TC, Das B, Mugundu G, Doroshow JH, Chen AP. Safety, Antitumor Activity, and Biomarker Analysis in a Phase I Trial of the Once-daily Wee1 Inhibitor Adavosertib (AZD1775) in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3834-3844. [PMID: 33863809 PMCID: PMC8282703 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Wee1 kinase inhibitor adavosertib abrogates cell-cycle arrest, leading to cell death. Prior testing of twice-daily adavosertib in patients with advanced solid tumors determined the recommended phase II dose (RPh2D). Here, we report results for once-daily adavosertib. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 3 + 3 dose-escalation design was used, with adavosertib given once daily on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12 in 21-day cycles. Molecular biomarkers of Wee1 activity, including tyrosine 15-phosphorylated Cdk1/2 (pY15-Cdk), were assessed in paired tumor biopsies. Whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of remaining tumor tissue identified potential predictive biomarkers. RESULTS Among the 42 patients enrolled, the most common toxicities were gastrointestinal and hematologic; dose-limiting toxicities were grade 4 hematologic toxicity and grade 3 fatigue. The once-daily RPh2D was 300 mg. Six patients (14%) had confirmed partial responses: four ovarian, two endometrial. Adavosertib plasma exposures were similar to those from twice-daily dosing. On cycle 1 day 8 (pre-dose), tumor pY15-Cdk levels were higher than baseline in four of eight patients, suggesting target rebound during the day 5 to 8 dosing break. One patient who progressed rapidly had a tumor WEE1 mutation and potentially compensatory PKMYT1 overexpression. Baseline CCNE1 overexpression occurred in both of two responding patients, only one of whom had CCNE1 amplification, and in zero of three nonresponding patients. CONCLUSIONS We determined the once-daily adavosertib RPh2D and observed activity in patients with ovarian or endometrial carcinoma, including two with baseline CCNE1 mRNA overexpression. Future studies will determine whether CCNE1 overexpression is a predictive biomarker for adavosertib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takebe
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Geraldine O'Sullivan Coyne
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shivaani Kummar
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Khanh Do
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashley Bruns
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lamin Juwara
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Zlott
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elad Sharon
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Howard Streicher
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Arjun Mittra
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah B Miller
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jiuping Ji
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Deborah Wilsker
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert J Kinders
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ralph E Parchment
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Li Chen
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ting-Chia Chang
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Biswajit Das
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ganesh Mugundu
- AstraZeneca, Clinical Pharmacology, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alice P Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
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Xiong W, Friese-Hamim M, Johne A, Stroh C, Klevesath M, Falchook GS, Hong DS, Girard P, El Bawab S. Translational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of preclinical and clinical data of the oral MET inhibitor tepotinib to determine the recommended phase II dose. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 10:428-440. [PMID: 33818908 PMCID: PMC8129711 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tepotinib is a highly selective and potent MET inhibitor in development for the treatment of patients with solid tumors. Given the favorable tolerability and safety profiles up to the maximum tested dose in the first‐in‐human (FIH) trial, an efficacy‐driven translational modeling approach was proposed to establish the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). To study the in vivo pharmacokinetics (PKs)/target inhibition/tumor growth inhibition relationship, a subcutaneous KP‐4 pancreatic cell‐line xenograft model in mice with sensitivity to MET pathway inhibition was selected as a surrogate tumor model. Further clinical PK and target inhibition data (derived from predose and postdose paired tumor biopsies) from a FIH study were integrated with the longitudinal PKs and target inhibition profiles from the mouse xenograft study to establish a translational PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) model. Preclinical data showed that tumor regression with tepotinib treatment in KP‐4 xenograft tumors corresponded to 95% target inhibition. We therefore concluded that a PD criterion of sustained, near‐to‐complete (>95%) phospho‐MET inhibition in tumors should be targeted for tepotinib to be effective. Simulations of dose‐dependent target inhibition profiles in human tumors that exceeded the PD threshold in more than 90% of patients established an RP2D of tepotinib 500 mg once daily. This translational mathematical modeling approach supports an efficacy‐driven rationale for tepotinib phase II dose selection of 500 mg once daily. Tepotinib at this dose has obtained regulatory approval for the treatment of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer harboring MET exon 14 skipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Xiong
- Merck Institute of Pharmacokinetics (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pascal Girard
- Merck Institute of Pharmacokinetics (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Herrick WG, Kilpatrick CL, Hollingshead MG, Esposito D, O'Sullivan Coyne G, Gross AM, Johnson BC, Chen AP, Widemann BC, Doroshow JH, Parchment RE, Srivastava AK. Isoform- and Phosphorylation-specific Multiplexed Quantitative Pharmacodynamics of Drugs Targeting PI3K and MAPK Signaling in Xenograft Models and Clinical Biopsies. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:749-760. [PMID: 33536190 PMCID: PMC8026683 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways influence several cell functions involved in oncogenesis, making them attractive drug targets. We describe a novel multiplex immunoassay to quantitate isoform-specific phosphorylation of proteins in the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways as a tool to assess pharmacodynamic changes. Isoform-specific assays measuring total protein and site-specific phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, MEK1/2, AKT1/2/3, and rpS6 were developed on the Luminex platform with validated antibody reagents. The multiplex assay demonstrated satisfactory analytic performance. Fit-for-purpose validation was performed with xenograft models treated with selected agents. In PC3 and HCC70 xenograft tumors, the PI3Kβ inhibitor AZD8186 suppressed phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, and rpS6 for 4 to 7 hours post single dose, but levels returned to baseline by 24 hours. AKT3 phosphorylation was suppressed in PC3 xenografts at all doses tested, but only at the highest dose in HCC70. The AKT inhibitor MK-2206 reduced AKT1/2/3 phosphorylation in SW620 xenograft tumors 2 to 4 hours postdose, and the MEK inhibitor selumetinib reduced MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by up to 50% and >90%, respectively. Clinical utility was demonstrated by analyzing biopsies from untreated patients with plexiform neurofibromas enrolled in a clinical trial of selumetinib (NCT02407405). These biopsies showed MEK and ERK phosphorylation levels sufficient for measuring up to 90% inhibition, and low AKT and rpS6 phosphorylation. This validated multiplex immunoassay demonstrates the degree and duration of phosphorylation modulation for three distinct classes of drugs targeting the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Herrick
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarker Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Casey L Kilpatrick
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarker Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Dominic Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Andrea M Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barry C Johnson
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alice P Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ralph E Parchment
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarker Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Apurva K Srivastava
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarker Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland.
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Coyne GO, Kummar S, Meehan RS, Do K, Collins JM, Anderson L, Ishii K, Takebe N, Zlott J, Juwara L, Piekarz R, Streicher H, Sharon E, Rubinstein L, Voth AR, Lozier J, Dull AB, Wilsker D, Hinoue T, Laird PW, Ferry-Galow KV, Kinders RJ, Parchment RE, Doroshow JH, Chen AP. Phase I trial of TRC102 (methoxyamine HCl) in combination with temozolomide in patients with relapsed solid tumors and lymphomas. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3959-3971. [PMID: 33216844 PMCID: PMC7646836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRC102 inhibits base excision repair by binding abasic sites and preventing AP endonuclease processing; it potentiates the activity of alkylating agents, including temozolomide, in murine models. In published xenograft studies, TRC102 enhanced the antitumor effect of temozolomide regardless of cell line genetic characteristics, e.g., O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), mismatch repair (MMR), or p53 status. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a phase 1 trial of TRC102 with temozolomide given orally on days 1-5 of 28-day cycles in adult patients with refractory solid tumors that had progressed on standard therapy. Tumor induction of nuclear biomarkers of DNA damage response (DDR) γH2AX, pNBs1, and Rad51 was assessed in the context of MGMT and MMR protein expression for expansion cohort patients. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were enrolled (37 escalation, 15 expansion) with 51 evaluable for response. The recommended phase 2 dose was 125 mg TRC102, 150 mg/m2 temozolomide QDx5. Common adverse events (grade 3/4) included anemia (19%), lymphopenia (12%), and neutropenia (10%). Four patients achieved partial responses (1 non-small cell lung cancer, 2 granulosa cell ovarian cancer, and 1 colon cancer) and 13 patients had a best response of stable disease. Retrospective analysis of 15 expansion cohort patients did not demonstrate a correlation between low tumor MGMT expression and patient response, but treatment induced nuclear Rad51 responses in 6 of 12 patients. CONCLUSIONS The combination of TRC 102 with temozolomide is active, with 4 of 51 patients experiencing a partial response and 13 of 51 experiencing stable disease, and the side effect profile is manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine O'Sullivan Coyne
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shivaani Kummar
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Current address: Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert S. Meehan
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Khanh Do
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerry M. Collins
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Larry Anderson
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kazusa Ishii
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Zlott
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lamin Juwara
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Howard Streicher
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elad Sharon
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Regier Voth
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jay Lozier
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angie B. Dull
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Deborah Wilsker
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Toshinori Hinoue
- Van Andel Institute, Center for Epigenetics, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Peter W. Laird
- Van Andel Institute, Center for Epigenetics, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Katherine V. Ferry-Galow
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robert J. Kinders
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ralph E. Parchment
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - James H. Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, and Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alice P. Chen
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Therapeutic Efficacy of ABN401, a Highly Potent and Selective MET Inhibitor, Based on Diagnostic Biomarker Test in MET-Addicted Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061575. [PMID: 32549194 PMCID: PMC7352216 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET regulates processes essential for tissue remodeling and mammalian development. The dysregulation of c-MET signaling plays a role in tumorigenesis. The aberrant activation of c-MET, such as that caused by gene amplification or mutations, is associated with many cancers. c-MET is therefore an attractive therapeutic target, and inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials. However, inappropriate patient selection criteria, such as low amplification or expression level cut-off values, have led to the failure of clinical trials. To include patients who respond to MET inhibitors, the selection criteria must include MET oncogenic addiction. Here, the efficacy of ABN401, a MET inhibitor, was investigated using histopathologic and genetic analyses in MET-addicted cancer cell lines and xenograft models. ABN401 was highly selective for 571 kinases, and it inhibited c-MET activity and its downstream signaling pathway. We performed pharmacokinetic profiling of ABN401 and defined the dose and treatment duration of ABN401 required to inhibit c-MET phosphorylation in xenograft models. The results show that the efficacy of ABN401 is associated with MET status and they highlight the importance of determining the cut-off values. The results suggest that clinical trials need to establish the characteristics of each sample and their correlations with the efficacy of MET inhibitors.
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Vizirianakis IS, Miliotou AN, Mystridis GA, Andriotis EG, Andreadis II, Papadopoulou LC, Fatouros DG. Tackling pharmacological response heterogeneity by PBPK modeling to advance precision medicine productivity of nanotechnology and genomics therapeutics. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2019.1605828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S. Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Androulla N. Miliotou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George A. Mystridis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios G. Andriotis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis I. Andreadis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lefkothea C. Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Fatouros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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9
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Wilkins JF, Cannataro VL, Shuch B, Townsend JP. Analysis of mutation, selection, and epistasis: an informed approach to cancer clinical trials. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22243-22253. [PMID: 29854275 PMCID: PMC5976461 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, drug development efforts and clinical trials to test them are often prioritized by targeting genes with high frequencies of somatic variants among tumors. However, differences in oncogenic mutation rate-not necessarily the effect the variant has on tumor growth-contribute enormously to somatic variant frequency. We argue that decoupling the contributions of mutation and cancer lineage selection to the frequency of somatic variants among tumors is critical to understanding-and predicting-the therapeutic potential of different interventions. To provide an indicator of that strength of selection and therapeutic potential, the frequency at which we observe a given variant across patients must be modulated by our expectation given the mutation rate and target size to provide an indicator of that strength of selection and therapeutic potential. Additionally, antagonistic and synergistic epistasis among mutations also impacts the potential therapeutic benefit of targeted drug development. Quantitative approaches should be fostered that use the known genetic architectures of cancer types, decouple mutation rate, and provide rigorous guidance regarding investment in targeted drug development. By integrating evolutionary principles and detailed mechanistic knowledge into those approaches, we can maximize our ability to identify those targeted therapies most likely to yield substantial clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Shuch
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Townsend
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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